Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)最新文献

{"title":"Self-perception as an Inclusive Victim of Oppression, Intergroup Emotions and Support for Resistance to the Victimization of Disadvantaged Outgroups","authors":"Gustave Adolphe Messanga, Kelvine Aristote Youmbi, Hermann Kevin Ekango Nzekaih","doi":"10.11648/j.pbs.20211005.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20211005.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64831121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Day-hospitalization: A New Tool in Treatment of Addicted Patients","authors":"T. Wallenhorst, J. Cornet, Nadia Liechti, Caroline Massicard, Helen Euvrard","doi":"10.11648/j.pbs.20211006.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20211006.14","url":null,"abstract":"The setting up of the day-hospital since February 2018 was a bet on the institutional plan because the team dared to begin with already existing means: every professional was committed part time but already working in another unit. The economic viability has been proven; this permitted enrollment of staff and increase of activity. The practice with addicted patients started in 2001 by creation of an Out-Patients Center. Professionals also intervened in other units: Emergency department, General Medicine, Surgery, Obs and Gyne, and Psychiatry. Five beds on an Adult Psychiatry ward were reserved for withdrawal. The care associates individual and group accompaniment. Professionals are trained to look for resources inviting patients to rely on them and developing them. Speech group sessions every week during two hours are one of the pillars of the care. It will be proposed to every participant, at a time, to learn how to listen to what happens in his/her interior life, to listen to other participants and to speak up sharing experience. There is a constant reflection about the efficiency of the tool which is regularly adjusted to patients’ needs: a patient centered approach is practiced. Day-hospitalization as an element in the care of addicted patients permits a more differentiated approach of each individual. It should be reserved to particularly vulnerable patients offering them care according to individual needs.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64831253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"9 Steps Towards Giving New Meaning to Life","authors":"Marie Noëlle Salathé-Granès","doi":"10.11648/j.pbs.20211004.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20211004.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64831279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teacher-student Relationships and Adolescent Academic Burnout: The Moderating Role of General Self-concept","authors":"Yun Luo, Jiezhen Liang","doi":"10.11648/j.pbs.20211006.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20211006.15","url":null,"abstract":"Academic burnout is a common problem among teenagers. Previous studies have explored the influence of teacher-student relationships and general self-concept on adolescent academic burnout; however, studies on their interactive influence on adolescent academic burnout are lacking. Thus, based on social cognitive theory, this study aimed to explore the interactive influence of teacher-student relationships and general self-concept on adolescents’ academic burnout. In total, 1,214 adolescents responded to the Teacher-student Relationships Questionnaire, Self-Description Questionnaire II, and Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey. The results showed that both teacher-student relationships and general self-concept negatively predicted academic burnout (p < 0.01). Linear regression analysis showed that the main effects of teacher-student relationships (p < 0.001) and of general self-concept (p < 0.001) on academic burnout were significant. Moreover, the interactive effect of teacher-student relationships and general self-concept on adolescent academic burnout was significant (p < 0.01). High general self-concept reduced the influence of poor teacher-student relationships on adolescents' academic burnout. Adolescents with high general self-concept experienced the least academic burnout in the presence of good teacher-student relationships, while adolescents with low general self-concept experienced the most academic burnout in the presence of poor teacher-student relationships. The results of this study indicated methods to reduce the academic burnout of adolescents, suggesting not only the importance of the external environment of adolescents but also the need to improve students' internal resources to help them achieve better self-concept.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64831526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conditions and Causes of Split Ad Effectiveness","authors":"Harper Andrew Roehm Jr.","doi":"10.11648/j.pbs.20211006.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20211006.19","url":null,"abstract":"Split advertising technique involves two distinct and separate components that must be jointly experienced to receive the entirety of a message. An example is a Nike ad that began on TV and then was completed at a web site. This mode of presentation is termed the “split advertising technique” or simply, the “split ad technique” as well as Hybrid style of advertising. The objective of this investigation is to explore the effectiveness of the split ad technique. Experiment 1 provides evidence that split ads can increase attitudes of light users. This increase seems due to the importance attached to the information contained in the second part of the split ad. In experimentation two, in addition to replicating results from Experiment 1, a more complex pattern of responses is discovered when timing of measurement is considered. For measurements taken immediately after exposure to the advertising materials, enhanced attitudes and attribute importance were again manifest for light users exposed to a split ad, and undermined attitudes were observed for heavy users. However, for measures taken after a week’s delay, the positive influence on light users did not persist. The negative impact on heavy users, however, was enduring. Results of two experiments indicate that a split ad can focus attention on information contained in its latter half, and in so doing, can produce more positive attitudes than traditional, uninterrupted ads. However, findings also suggest that the effects of split ads may be confined to particular conditions favoring limited processing and may be somewhat fleeting.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64831755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Be Motor Impaired and “Psychically Re-inhabit” His Body While Incarcerated: A Case Study of Adult Incarcerated in Cameroon","authors":"Emilie Clarisse Tchokote","doi":"10.11648/J.PBS.20200906.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PBS.20200906.12","url":null,"abstract":"The motor disability leads to a limitation and a restriction of some activities due to an alteration of physical function. Through this study, the author aims to understand the meaning of body confinement experience to the incarcerated adults faced with a motor deficiency. Three adults met at the Mfou principal prison (Cameroon). The semi-directive interview and Rorschach’s projective test have been used as tools to collect data. The semi-directive interview guide was based on themes link to the history of the incarcerated situation, the experience of body confinement, the nature of body image structuration and the body investment or disinvestment. In the Rorschach test, there is no projection of the body known by the person, and which would be the object of cognitive activity, but the body as it is lived, felt, desired as an object and subject of emotional activity. The thematic content analysis was used for the interview. The qualitative and quantitative analysis were used to analyze Rorschach test. The result of the interview shows that the subject painfully experiences the body confinement, the shame and humiliation feeling makes the body to be perceived as ‘body-object’. The psychic fragility is shown and generated a set of symptoms that goes to self fold, body disinvestment, up to suicide attempt. The Rorschach test results show a fragmented and weakened body image, difficult to‘re-inhabit’ psychically. There is a need for a psychological accompaniment strategies in order to facilitate a ‘psychic re-appropriation’ of the subject’s body.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":"9 1","pages":"99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48693149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Socio-demographic Variables, Sexual Relationship, Marital Stability, Marital Communication and Conflict Resolution in Marital Satisfaction Among Married Individuals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","authors":"Zewdu Girma","doi":"10.11648/J.PBS.20200906.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PBS.20200906.11","url":null,"abstract":"Intact and harmonious marital relationships are required not only for the mental health of the individual but also for children and thus, for the society in the broader sense. But unsatisfying and stressful marital relations lead to increased emotional disturbances and marital disruption. This study aimed to assess the role of socio-demographic, sexual relationship, marital stability, marital communication and marital conflict resolution in marital satisfaction among married individuals. The target population for this study was all heterosexual married individuals, legally bound by the state of marriage as husband and wife. Quantitative research design and a systematic sampling technique along with a simple random sampling technique were employed to select 326 households. Frequency and percentages, means, standard deviations, Pearson correlation, independent sample T-test, one-way ANOVA, and hierarchical multiple linear regressions were all used to compute sample statistic. In the hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis, from the socio-demographic variables, only age and occupation type predicted significantly married individuals’ marital satisfaction, b = -.13, β = -.08 and b = 7.37, β = .09, respectively, p < .05. The result implies that age has a negative impact whereas occupation type has a positive impact on the marital satisfaction of married individuals. Sexual relationships, marital stability, marital conflict resolution, and marital communication were significant predictors of marital satisfaction, with other variables held constant, at p < .001. The most important predictors of marital satisfaction as the results of the study disclosed were sexual relationships followed by marital stability (b = .51, β = .28, and b = 1.04, β = .27, respectively, p < .001). Together all the significant independent variables in the model accounted for 74% of the variance in married individuals’ marital satisfaction and the model was significant, F (10,297) =45.83, p < .001. This study adds a sound, contextual and specific knowledge to the existing marriage counseling practices and theories as well to enhance or reduce factors for married individuals’ marital satisfaction.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":"9 1","pages":"87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43316293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Factors Associated with Postpartum Depression among Women Attending Primary Health Care Centers in Al-Madina, Saudi Arabia","authors":"Y. Aljehani, M. Alanzi, Suzan Aljehani, K. Alghamdi, Naser Awadh ALHarthi, A. Alshareef, H. Ali, S. Sayed","doi":"10.12691/RPBS-8-1-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/RPBS-8-1-3","url":null,"abstract":"Symptoms and risk factors for postpartum depression (PPD, postnatal depression) may vary across culturally diverse women with different causes e.g. giving birth to a female child, lack of breast-feeding, and consanguinity. The reported incidence of PPD among samples of Arabic women ranges from 10% to 37%. In this study, we investigated a sample of mothers (n=216) attending the primary health care centers in Al-Madina, Saudi Arabia. Data acquisition was done via a cross-sectional design. Ethical committee approval was taken and participation in the study was optional. Herein, we report that PPD prevalence in this sample was 19.4% using the Arabic version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) with a cut-off score of ≥ 12. Our study included mothers of different age groups: 40 years. Majority of investigated women were in the age group 20-30 years (60.2%, n= 130). Primiparous women were at almost double-folded risk of getting PPD compared to multiparous women (adjusted OR=1.91; 95% CI: 1.01-3.38). Women who delivered by normal vaginal method were more likely to have PPD compared to those delivered by cesarean section (Adjusted OR=3.11; 95% CI: 1.35-7.16) (Table 7). However, PPD was not significantly associated with the presence of mothers of delivering women during their confinement. Vast majority of investigated women had a regular marital life (90.6%, n=196) i.e. not widows or divorced and were house wives (79.6, n = 172). There was no significant association between PPD and women`s age or women`s family income. Compared to non-working women, those working were at slightly higher risk for PPD. However, this was also not statistically significant. Likewise, mothers’ history of depression was not associated with having postnatal depression. Moreover, PPD was not associated with regular marital status or the level of education. The relatively low number of investigated cases in our study may be limitation. More future research studies are warranted.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":"8 1","pages":"18-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48137855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing Reasons of Psychological Stress for Graduate Engineers in Jordan","authors":"Ahmad Al Dadoul, Abeer Al Dadoul","doi":"10.12691/RPBS-8-1-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/RPBS-8-1-2","url":null,"abstract":"The engineering branch in Jordan is one of the most desirable sectors be studied, for its importance in building society and its requirements. The main objective of this study was to determine the most important reasons for increasing psychological stress on engineering students. By knowing the causes, we can generalize the causes of the phenomenon, which enables us to avoid or reduce its occurrence, so that the psychological stress of engineering students do not develop and become within the psychological disease. No one wants to weaken the pillars of society; development of the psychological state negatively affects all members of society. This research carried out using the electronic questionnaire method and its results analyzed using SPSS program, this is to produce the percentages shown in the tables. One of the most important results we obtained from this research is that we have identified 83% of the main causes of psychological stress among engineering students. The reasons that we mentioned confined to the academic and the economic. This will facilitate in the future to find solutions to the problems of psychological stress for engineers and prevent the development of the psychological state to become disease with increasing pressure.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":"8 1","pages":"11-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47382091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positive Psychology Interventions to Improve Wellbeing and Health Behaviour Adherence in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Scoping Review and Meta-analyses","authors":"R. Ganesan, S. Radhakrishnan, R. Rajamanickam","doi":"10.11648/J.PBS.20200905.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PBS.20200905.12","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this review was to evaluate the effectiveness of positive psychological interventions (PPIs) to improve well-being and health behaviour adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Medline, PsycINFO, the Cochrane register, EMBASE, and Google Scholar were systematically searched to find relevant studies until January 2020. The primary outcome was reduction in risk factors of cardiovascular disease including HbA1c, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure along with improvement in positive affect, optimism, self-efficacy, and health behaviour adherence such as diet, exercise and medication. The secondary outcomes were reduction in depression, anxiety and stress. A random-effect model was used to compare group effect size at post-test. We identified a total of 11 studies (N=1594 participants) with substantial variability in the interventions. Overall, the results provide evidence that multi-component PPIs have a small but significant effect on positive affect, optimism, health behaviour, self-care and BMI. Further, the review demonstrates that PPIs can be effective in the reduction of anxiety and stress symptoms. However, studies included in this review are heterogenous due to methodological variation, therefore, in future more studies across a wide range of PP interventions needs to be included in order to validate the findings and for conclusive evidence.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":"9 1","pages":"68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42416546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}