Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)最新文献_第10页

Traumatic Stressful Life Events and Coping Ways of Female Workers of the Kabul University Female Dormitory 喀布尔大学女宿舍女工的创伤性应激生活事件及应对方式

Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012) Pub Date : 2019-08-23 DOI: 10.11648/J.PBS.20190804.11

Spozhmay Oriya

{"title":"Traumatic Stressful Life Events and Coping Ways of Female Workers of the Kabul University Female Dormitory","authors":"Spozhmay Oriya","doi":"10.11648/J.PBS.20190804.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PBS.20190804.11","url":null,"abstract":"This qualitative study investigated the traumatic and stressful life events of female workers at the female dormitory of Kabul University. Qualitative method was used for this study, and data were collected through focus groups and in-depth interviews. A total of 24 female workers of Kabul University at female dormitory participated in this study. The overall result shows that majority of workers have experienced several traumatic and stressful life events in their personal life and in the work environment. These experiences included painful memories of war, loss and death of family members and friends, family violence, economic problems, accidents in work environment and etc. This study found that in spite of problems on their lives, the participants used some meaningful ways for coping with problems, which showed their resilience toward problems. According to the results of this study, we can say that the daily life of female workers at the female dormitory of Kabul University impacted by traumatic and stressful events, and this could create psychological and physical problems in long-term for them and affect their functioning in personal and professional life. The findings for this study could be used to address the problems of these workers.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47143193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The Role of Emotions and Social Information Processing in the Decision Processes of Aggressive Behavior 情绪与社会信息加工在攻击行为决策过程中的作用

Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012) Pub Date : 2019-08-23 DOI: 10.11648/J.PBS.20190804.12

Takeyasu Kawabata, K. Ohbuchi

{"title":"The Role of Emotions and Social Information Processing in the Decision Processes of Aggressive Behavior","authors":"Takeyasu Kawabata, K. Ohbuchi","doi":"10.11648/J.PBS.20190804.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PBS.20190804.12","url":null,"abstract":"The social information processing (SIP) model is an important element in theoretical accounts of aggressive behavior. Recently, several authors have suggested the integrations of emotions in the SIP model. The purpose of this study was to examine the validity of the revised SIP model of aggression with Japanese young people. In Study 1, 130 male Japanese students were given three scenarios depicting social conflicts and asked to rate the variables comprising the model. Structural equation analysis showed that hostile intent, anger and positive evaluation of aggressive behavior increased aggressive behavior, on the other hand, adaptive emotion regulation strategies decreased aggressive behavior. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that the revised model was significantly better in the prediction of aggression than the original model. In study 2, 82 male Japanese delinquents were given the same materials as study1. The results substantially replicated the results of Study 1, although emotion regulation did not work in this sample. There appear to be two possible interpretations. One possibility is that juvenile delinquents may be likely to engage in aggression because they tend to feel strong anger, and the uncontrolled anger distorts social perception to produce aggressive motivations. The other interpretation is that the research procedures adopted by the study 2 influenced the results. Both studies further indicated that the levels of variables of the revised model were significantly different between high aggressive and low aggressive participants.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46478951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Parent's Spiritual Intelligence as Predictor of Adolescents Psychological Safety 父母精神智力对青少年心理安全的预测

Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012) Pub Date : 2019-08-21 DOI: 10.12691/RPBS-7-1-1

Boshra A. Arnout, A. Alkhatib, D. A. Rahman, S. Pavlović

引用次数: 4

Painting Therapy in Improvement of the Symptoms of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder 绘画疗法对自闭症谱系障碍儿童症状的改善

Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012) Pub Date : 2019-07-08 DOI: 10.11648/J.PBS.20190803.14

K. Moghaddam, A. Ravarian, Farhoud Saeid Ershadi

{"title":"Painting Therapy in Improvement of the Symptoms of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder","authors":"K. Moghaddam, A. Ravarian, Farhoud Saeid Ershadi","doi":"10.11648/J.PBS.20190803.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PBS.20190803.14","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Children with autism spectrum disorder suffer from problems such as qualitative impairment in the social interactions and stereotypical behaviors and the purpose of many interventions is the dynamic involvement of the families in the treatment and rehabilitation of these children. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of educational application of family-centered painting techniques on social interactions and stereotypical behaviors of children with autism spectrum disorder. Methods: This applied experimental study was conducted using the pre-test-posttest with follow-up and control group design. In this study, 20children with autism spectrum disorder and their parents were selected by the available sampling method and then, they were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Then, the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale-I questionnaire was applied at pre-test, posttest and follow-up stages and educational application of family-centered painting techniques was applied just for the experimental group. Then the data were analyzed by the ANCOVA and the repeated measures as statistical methods. Results: An alpha of 0.05 was considered as the significance level and the results showed a significant difference between experimental and control groups in social interactions and stereotypical behaviors of the children. Follow-up tests showed a significant difference and durability, as well. Conclusions: The results showed that educational application of family-centered painting techniques can play an effective and durable role in improvement of social interactions and stereotypical behaviors of the children with autism spectrum disorder.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47545807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Spin: The Effects of Acute Exercise on Speech Perception Spin:急性运动对言语感知的影响

Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012) Pub Date : 2019-06-26 DOI: 10.11648/J.PBS.20190803.12

Lakyn Kearns, A. Rich, N. Pita, Kayoko Okada

{"title":"Spin: The Effects of Acute Exercise on Speech Perception","authors":"Lakyn Kearns, A. Rich, N. Pita, Kayoko Okada","doi":"10.11648/J.PBS.20190803.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PBS.20190803.12","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research suggests that adults who exercise regularly perform better on cognitive tasks. Most of these studies have focused on the benefits of aerobic exercise on executive function in the aging population. Very few studies to date have focused on how exercise affects perceptual abilities, particularly in healthy young adults. This is particularly important since poor cardiovascular health and low fitness levels are risk factors for hearing loss. The purpose of this study was to test whether exercising, defined as cycling for 30 minutes, affects auditory perception. College-aged participants performed a speech perception task before and after 30 minutes of aerobic exercise on a stationary bicycle. Auditory stimuli were speech that varied in intelligibility and have been used in previous experiments. Words were presented in noise and participants reported aloud the word they identified. The experimenter recorded participant responses during the experiment and the percentage of words correctly identified was calculated. Analysis revealed that there was a significant difference between the percentage of words correctly identified before exercise and after exercise. These results suggest that acute aerobic exercise has immediate effects that improve speech perception ability.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43395263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Index Predicting Power and Feedback Processing Characteristics in the WCST WCST的指标预测能力及反馈处理特性

Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012) Pub Date : 2019-06-26 DOI: 10.11648/J.PBS.20190803.13

Xia Feng, Chengzhi Feng

{"title":"The Index Predicting Power and Feedback Processing Characteristics in the WCST","authors":"Xia Feng, Chengzhi Feng","doi":"10.11648/J.PBS.20190803.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PBS.20190803.13","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the performance of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), participants can be divided into high and low cognitive flexibility groups. The cognitive differences between the two groups need further study. However, studies have grouped participants according to different criteria of the WCST. Based on the classical WCST, the present study investigated two issues in college students: (1) the power of indexes for predicting performance, and (2) the feedback processing characteristics of high and low cognitive flexibility participants. The regression analysis showed TCF (trials to complete the first classification) and PR% (the percentage of perseverative response) were powerful predictors. We further divided participants into high and low cognitive flexibility groups according to the regression equation. Regarding the feedback processing characteristics, we classified all trials in rule-search phase as one of four types: correct-correct (coCO), correct-error (coER), error-error (erER), and error-correct (erCO), which were based on the relationship between the former feedback and the current response. The results revealed that compared with the low cognitive flexibility group, the high cognitive flexibility group could learn effectively from feedback. Differences in the feedback processing ability may be one of the reasons for the differential performance of college students on the WCST task.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43193483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Myths and Stereotypes: The Lived Experiences of People with Albinism 神话与刻板印象:白化病患者的生活经历

Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012) Pub Date : 2019-06-24 DOI: 10.11648/J.PBS.20190803.11

Fiasorgbor A. Doris

{"title":"Myths and Stereotypes: The Lived Experiences of People with Albinism","authors":"Fiasorgbor A. Doris","doi":"10.11648/J.PBS.20190803.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PBS.20190803.11","url":null,"abstract":"The phenomenon of Albinos being treated badly is a growing concern in many Africa countries. Ghana is not an exception to the general trend of Albinos being discriminated against. However, very little is known about this unique population in Ghana. For most societies, albinism is hardly (or not) understood. Myths and misconceptions surround the condition, a common characteristic of albinos is that they experience stigma as people with white skin in black societies. Stigma and discrimination are sources of depression, guilt and anger among persons with Albinism. This study was conducted in Bolgatanga Municipality. The study employed a mixed method approach where both qualitative and quantitative techniques were espoused. The study used the probability and non-probability sampling methods to select the participants of the study. Simple random sampling technique was used to select thirty (31) albino participants. The study found that the outward appearance, myths and perception of people that Albinos wounds or sores do not heal exposed them to stigmatisation and discrimination in the community. Teasing and name calling are some of the difficulties Albinos in Bolgatanga face which sometimes leads to depression and frustrations. Based on the findings the study recommends that teachers and parents should encourage their Albino pupils/wards to stay in school and sensitization programs concerning Albinism should be introduced in schools to create awareness of the conditions to pupils so that they can accept their fellow students who are Albino.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43924599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Influence Factors of College Students' Creativity: The Effect of Self-Esteem and Motivation 大学生创造力的影响因素：自尊和动机的影响

Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012) Pub Date : 2019-06-15 DOI: 10.11648/J.PBS.20190802.13

Lu Liu, Sheng Lin, Jinlan Liu, Jingyi Zhang

引用次数: 1

Viewing the Anti-Social Personality Transformation of School Bullying Victims from the Perspective of Experimental Analysis 从实验分析看校园欺凌受害者的反社会人格转化

Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012) Pub Date : 2019-06-15 DOI: 10.11648/J.PBS.20190802.14

K. Huang

{"title":"Viewing the Anti-Social Personality Transformation of School Bullying Victims from the Perspective of Experimental Analysis","authors":"K. Huang","doi":"10.11648/J.PBS.20190802.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PBS.20190802.14","url":null,"abstract":"School bullying is on the rise around the world. The phenomenon of school bullying is a microcosm of the social environment, which means that the bullying phenomenon in the school can be magnified to the whole society, inducing and presenting as a crime, so it must be studied, controlled and prevented. In this paper, horizontal and vertical comparisons were made in the three dimensions of bullies, victims and irrelevant personnel, so as to study and analyze the psychological status of victims by means of scale measurement, and then reveal the relationship between victims and their own anti-social personality. Students from three different middle schools in X city, S Province were randomly selected as the research objects, who had finished the questionnaires of Middle School Bullying Questionnaire, Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory Brief Version, and Anti-social Screening Questionnaire Self-evaluation version. The current bullying situations were obtained through data analysis; significant differences were found in the dimensions of neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and extraversion among bullies, victims, and non-bullied; therefore, it was concluded that the bullying victims and their anti-social behavior tendencies were in positive correlation; school bullying had severe impacts on the social activities and personality formations of the victims. The results have provided the theoretical basis for the research on personality building of adolescent victims of school bullying.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45672501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Personality Patterns in Familiar and Delinquency Violence in Mexican Men 墨西哥男性常见暴力和犯罪暴力的人格模式

Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012) Pub Date : 2019-06-04 DOI: 10.11648/J.PBS.20190802.12

Amada Ampudia Rueda, Guadalupe Sánchez Crespo, F. J. Gómez

{"title":"Personality Patterns in Familiar and Delinquency Violence in Mexican Men","authors":"Amada Ampudia Rueda, Guadalupe Sánchez Crespo, F. J. Gómez","doi":"10.11648/J.PBS.20190802.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PBS.20190802.12","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to examine personality patterns of aggressive and violent behaviors in the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) scales data obtained from homicide and domestic violence offenders. A group of homicide and domestic violence offenders were administered the test to identify differences and causes. Method 140 subjects participated in this study. We divided them into two groups of 70 incarcerated offenders each based on the cause of their arrest: homicide and domestic violence. Inmates were sampled by non-probability quota sampling, and voluntarily completed the Inventory after giving informed consent. Results: By applying the parametric Student's t-test to the scales and using Cohen's d, the effect size of identified differences was obtained. High scores in some scales suggesting differences in expression of aggression between groups were observed. Homicide offenders expressed more openly emotions of aggression, hostility, and anger, while domestic violence perpetrators tend to deny any such factors in their behavior. Both groups showed emotional deviation associated with their offenses. Conclusions: The MMPI-2 has been proved to detect behavior patterns of offenders and their reluctance to readapt to civil society. An interesting matter can be highlighted: Given the conditions in Mexican correctional facilities, currently offenders overall are not motivated enough to reintegrate into social life, having expressed reactions of aggression-related behaviors.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42960047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0