Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)最新文献_第9页

The Nature of the Traces and the Dynamics of Memory 痕迹的本质和记忆的动态

Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012) Pub Date : 2019-11-26 DOI: 10.11648/J.PBS.20190806.12

Brouillet Denis, Versace Rémy

{"title":"The Nature of the Traces and the Dynamics of Memory","authors":"Brouillet Denis, Versace Rémy","doi":"10.11648/J.PBS.20190806.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PBS.20190806.12","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present article is to show that current single-system models, clearly located in a dynamic memory perspective and embodied, had brought answers to questions that appeared in the Atkinson and Shiffrin model, that has been the reference for multi-system memory models for 50 years: one concerning the question of recovery in memory and the other the nature of the traces in memory. Our focus will be to show that it is not possible to define storage and recovery processes without taking account of the contents of memory and the dynamics of the emergence of knowledge. Two models will be presented, both defending the idea that it is not possible to distinguish between process and content, as memory does not encode and retrieve contents but reusable processes. In other words, these models suggest that knowledge is in a state of constant reorganization due to a combination of the subject's activity and environmental constraints. That is to say that they consider memory as a dynamic system. Consequently, the traces cannot be dissociated from the mechanisms that gave them birth. It is certainly on this point that the most radical break between these models and anterior models of memory.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44469901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

The Role of Interaction with Nature in Childhood Development: An Under-Appreciated Ecosystem Service. 与自然的互动在儿童发展中的作用:一种未被重视的生态系统服务。

Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012) Pub Date : 2019-11-05

J Kevin Summers, Deborah N Vivian, J Tobias Summers

{"title":"The Role of Interaction with Nature in Childhood Development: An Under-Appreciated Ecosystem Service.","authors":"J Kevin Summers, Deborah N Vivian, J Tobias Summers","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Humans depend on the vital services provided by natural ecosystems. Regrettably, some individuals believe these ecosystem services are free; and therefore, have no value. An under-appreciated service provided by ecosystems is strengthening childhood development through interaction with nature to enhance childhood cognitive and physical development. The development of a child's physical and cognitive abilities is complex with studies indicating multiple determinants and varied time scales. Childhood development is the product of many natural, social and built environmental attributes. While the impacts of social and built environments on childhood development are clearly described in the scientific literature, the role of natural environment is less clear. Even though people do not pay for this ecosystem service in a conventional sense, the loss of this service can result in a significant cost to humans through slower cognitive and physical development in children. Deprivation of these exposures to natural ecosystems can diminish a child's development and eventually their underlying quality of life. While the impact of nature on childhood development is understood by most child developmental psychologists, this impact is under-appreciated by non-social scientists studying the contributions of ecosystem services in society. The complicated and symbiotic interactions of natural ecosystems, their services and childhood development are poorly acknowledged in the ecological literature. In this article, the important role of natural ecosystems and their services in childhood cognitive and physical development are examined through an examination of studies assessing this childhood development-ecosystem service connection.</p>","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":"8 6","pages":"142-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7424505/pdf/nihms-1612071.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38279358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abortion Trauma in the Context of Chinese Culture 中国文化语境中的堕胎创伤

Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012) Pub Date : 2019-10-24 DOI: 10.11648/j.pbs.20190805.16

Wan Zaojun, Yuan Yuan

{"title":"Abortion Trauma in the Context of Chinese Culture","authors":"Wan Zaojun, Yuan Yuan","doi":"10.11648/j.pbs.20190805.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20190805.16","url":null,"abstract":"Abortion in the family has a profound and traumatic impact on individual psychological state. In China, the number of abortion operations remains high, which has attracted the attention and research of many scholars. However, there is a lack of discussion on the trauma of abortion in these studies. Abortion trauma is not only affected by individual psychological factors, but also by social and cultural factors. In order to analyze the characteristics of abortion trauma under the background of Chinese culture, explore the correlation between abortion trauma and sacrifice prototype, and strengthen the clinical intervention research on abortion trauma, this paper analyzed the questionnaire survey (296 valid questionnaires) conducted by 306 subjects. The results showed that: (1) under the background of Chinese culture, abortion trauma can occur in both an abortionist and her partner (including spouse). In a family with an abortion, the offspring will have abortion trauma; (2) the concept of sacrifice appears in the cognition of the abortionists and of the offspring of the abortionists' families. In future researches, the relationship between abortion trauma and sacrificial archetype under the background of Chinese culture can be discussed in depth, so as to explore the narrative script of abortion trauma in the collective unconscious of contemporary Chinese people, so that psychologists can better create a set of psychological intervention methods to help people get rid of abortion trauma.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43271098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Digital Narration: The Pictures in School Books as a Source of Inspiration and Artistic Creation 数字叙事：学校书籍中的图片作为灵感和艺术创作的源泉

Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012) Pub Date : 2019-10-24 DOI: 10.11648/j.pbs.20190805.15

Maravelaki Sofronia

引用次数: 0

Eysenck’s Personality Traits (EPQ-R) Score Differences Based on Gender and Role as Victim or Perpetrator of Domestic Violence in Uganda 乌干达基于性别和家庭暴力受害者或实施者角色的艾森克人格特征（EPQ-R）得分差异

Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012) Pub Date : 2019-10-18 DOI: 10.11648/j.pbs.20190805.13

Wilber Karugahe

{"title":"Eysenck’s Personality Traits (EPQ-R) Score Differences Based on Gender and Role as Victim or Perpetrator of Domestic Violence in Uganda","authors":"Wilber Karugahe","doi":"10.11648/j.pbs.20190805.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20190805.13","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims to study Eysenck’s personality traits subscales (Psychoticism, Extroversion and Neuroticism) and how these traits differ among victims and perpetrators of domestic violence of both gender (N=120). A two by two MANCOVA was conducted and the results show no statistical significant differences, no interaction between males and females, victims and perpetrators on all Psychoticism, Extroversion and Neuroticism while controlling lie as covariate. However through inspecting mean scores, perpetrators more than victims reported slightly higher scores on Neuroticism (implying that they are anxious, depressed and react slowly to aversive stimuli but also have high levels of stability); and scored high on psychoticism (implying that higher scorers are considered aggressive, antisocial, cold and egocentric). In contrast, victim’s results revealed that irrespective of gender, victims more than perpetrators had high scores on extraversion. Higher scores on extroversion implies that females are more social, lively and sensation seeking. Indeed, majority of the victims were females and it’s not surprising that African women despite her being victims, could still afford to smile (scored high on extroversion). Thus, this study informs counsellors, social workers, psychologists and other helping professionals the need for gender inclusivity in handling cases of domestic violence but also being aware of victims/perpetrators individual’s personality differences. In addition, being aware of victims and perpetrators personality traits scores differences is informative and helps professionals to predict that person’s likely future behavior and how to respond.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42235144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emotions at Preschool Age: Contributions to Better Social and School Adaptation 学龄前的情绪：对更好地适应社会和学校的贡献

Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012) Pub Date : 2019-10-18 DOI: 10.11648/j.pbs.20190805.14

Maria Regina Teixeira Ferreira Capelo, J. Varela, Noemí Serrano-Díaz, M. Jardim, C. C. P. Brasil, G. B. D. S. Junior, Márcia Lúcia Sousa Dias Alves

{"title":"Emotions at Preschool Age: Contributions to Better Social and School Adaptation","authors":"Maria Regina Teixeira Ferreira Capelo, J. Varela, Noemí Serrano-Díaz, M. Jardim, C. C. P. Brasil, G. B. D. S. Junior, Márcia Lúcia Sousa Dias Alves","doi":"10.11648/j.pbs.20190805.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20190805.14","url":null,"abstract":"Emotions have been triggering investigative interest for a long time due to the effect they have on people's lives and there is a growing importance in the educational field in the school context. The purpose of this study is to describe the relationship between perception, expression and appreciation of emotions and social adjustment of preschool children. For this purpose we used the documentary research based on four empirical works, carried out in Portugal (n = 2) and Spain (n = 2) between 2011 and 2016, resulting from the application of the “Percexval” test to assess the ability to understand, express and value emotions of preschool children (children aged 3 - 6 years). The correct answers given by the children were confronted with the criteria of the external judges constituted by their kindergarten teachers. Results suggest significant and positive associations between perception of primary emotions and adaptation (2), control (3) peer acceptance (2) and negative with conflict; and significant and positive associations between perception and appreciation of primary emotions and adaptation (4), control (4), academic achievement (4), peer acceptance (2), and negatives with conflict. It is concluded that the promotion of early emotional education contributes to enhance the psychosocial adaptation of individuals.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43280988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Psychosocial Effects of Teenage Pregnancy: Systematic Analysis 青少年怀孕的心理社会影响：系统分析

Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012) Pub Date : 2019-10-11 DOI: 10.11648/j.pbs.20190805.12

Liranso Gselamu, Yoseph Dagne, Martha Gebreyohannes, Andualem Kelebe

引用次数: 5

Contextual Barriers and Supports to Employment as Perceived by Counselors: Instrument Revisions 背景障碍和支持就业辅导员感知:文书修订

Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012) Pub Date : 2019-09-26 DOI: 10.11648/J.PBS.20190805.11

Courtney T. Evans

{"title":"Contextual Barriers and Supports to Employment as Perceived by Counselors: Instrument Revisions","authors":"Courtney T. Evans","doi":"10.11648/J.PBS.20190805.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PBS.20190805.11","url":null,"abstract":"As work is important to everyone and affects both satisfaction and well-being, it is important that counseling professionals are able to understand clients in terms of their diverse career needs. A vital portion of career counseling self-efficacy is the ability to first identify barriers and supports to employment. Career counseling can help influence work obtainment and sustainment. Therefore, it is important that counselors are properly trained to fully identify and understand their client’s diverse career needs to achieve the best outcomes. As such, the Contextual Barriers and Supports to Employment as Perceived by Counselors (CBSE-PC) was created. This instrument measures barriers and supports to employment among clients, as perceived by counselors. As with any instrument, validation is important and can be completed through a series of different procedures. Instrument validation procedures ensure that the instrument has good psychometric properties, so that it can be used by counselors in their work with clients. For this instrument, revisions occurred through utilization of exploratory factor analysis principle components analysis. It was hypothesized that a two-factor structure would account for the covariance of the 40 items. The results showed a two-factor solution, resulting in eight factors being eliminated in the revised instrument.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47320234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Effect of Time-bound Definiteness on Cognitive Learning Performance 明确时限对认知学习表现的影响

Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012) Pub Date : 2019-09-19 DOI: 10.11648/j.pbs.20190804.13

Cao Mengyao, Zhang Yufei, K. Yu, Hu Zeze, Yuan Yuan

{"title":"The Effect of Time-bound Definiteness on Cognitive Learning Performance","authors":"Cao Mengyao, Zhang Yufei, K. Yu, Hu Zeze, Yuan Yuan","doi":"10.11648/j.pbs.20190804.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20190804.13","url":null,"abstract":"Time is a precious resource that is closely linked to everyone so it is important to play the maximum value of time. Some research show that definite limit of time can affect the attitude to time and then help people to use time efficiently. In order to explore the theoretical significance and practical value of time and time-bound definiteness, this study examined the effect of time-bound definiteness on cognitive learning performance and the mediating effect of time stress. 33 college students were recruited and randomly divided into time-definiteness (n = 16) and time-indefiniteness groups (n = 17), and dependent variable cognitive learning performance was measured by American College Test with controlling attention stability. The results showed that: (1) the time-bound definiteness improved the cognitive learning performance significantly; (2) the mediating effect of time pressure between time-bound definiteness and cognitive learning performance was not significant. The time-bound definiteness could provide a new route to the development of time perception and management, which has academic prospect and deserves to be used in more applied researches. This study provides a remedy for vacancies in the study of time-bound definiteness, and offers valuable suggestions for self-discipline in many areas such as education and economic management.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45956252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Difference of Two Application Methods (Manual and Electronic) and Their Effect on the Personality Metrics Psychometric Properties: A Structural Equation Model 两种应用方法（手工和电子）的差异及其对人格测量的影响——一个结构方程模型

Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012) Pub Date : 2019-09-09 DOI: 10.12691/RPBS-7-1-2

Boshra A. Arnout, Khalid J. Jasim, M. Mahmood

{"title":"The Difference of Two Application Methods (Manual and Electronic) and Their Effect on the Personality Metrics Psychometric Properties: A Structural Equation Model","authors":"Boshra A. Arnout, Khalid J. Jasim, M. Mahmood","doi":"10.12691/RPBS-7-1-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/RPBS-7-1-2","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to compare the psychometric properties between two methods in the application of personality metrics (manual and electronic). To achieve this aim, researchers used the power of personality scale prepared by Alwalidi and Arnout (2016), which consists of (90) items distributed equally over six dimensions, each dimension consists of (15) items. This scale was applied to a sample consisted of (200) male and female students from Zagazig University, their ages ranged between 19 to 25 years. The researchers used the design of repeated measurements in the application of the procedures of the scale two forms (manual and electronic) on a sample of (200) students, was divided into two groups, by (100) students in each group according to the form of the scale (manual or electronic) the respondent receives the two forms, in a different order from one group to another. The psychometric properties related to the items represented by (item discrimination, and the validity of the items) and the psychometric properties related to the scale represented by (reliability) were calculated. The study found that the electronic application method was superior to the manual application method. Therefore the results recommend using the electronic method of application when initiating the construction or application of personal metrics.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":"7 1","pages":"5-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41903492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0