Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)最新文献

{"title":"Understanding Differential Underachievement in English Among Secondary-School Students from Northern Nigeria","authors":"A. Ahman, M. K. Isah, A. Musa","doi":"10.11648/J.PBS.20200902.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PBS.20200902.11","url":null,"abstract":"Low performance of students in English has been an issue of great concern to education stakeholders in Nigeria. Standardized examination results have consistently shown that students from the northern region perform more poorly than those from the southern part. To this regard, this study combined psychological factors of self-concept, locus of control and students’ demographic factors as fundamental in explaining differential English academic achievement of students in northern Nigerian schools. The aim is to identify some of the major factors causing underachievement of students in English. Hence, a quantitative research approach is used for data collection and analysis. The sample comprised 1,227 students drawn from 15 public Senior Secondary Schools in Bauchi, Kaduna and Niger States. Each of the states represents the 3 geopolitical zones of the northern region. A standardized questionnaire was used to measure self-concept and locus of control. The findings indicate a high level of correlation between English self-concept and English achievement, especially in specific domains than the general aspects. The reading self-concept correlated more with the reading achievement. It was therefore suggested among others that teachers should prioritize specific aspect of English to assist underperforming students in particular domains (writing; reading) of English and its corresponding self-concept. Improve in students’ performance in English can lead to better performance in other subjects and higher standard of education in the country.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":"9 1","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46476053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Micro-Ethnographic Approach: Investigating Classroom Teachers’ Knowledge of Students with Special Needs","authors":"Julie Lamb-Milligan, Gwen Neal","doi":"10.11648/J.PBS.20200901.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PBS.20200901.11","url":null,"abstract":"Classroom teachers are vital stakeholders in the ultimate success of programs for children with special needs. These teachers are responsible for recognizing individual learning needs and referring those students for services. In most instances, classroom teachers are responsible for assisting specialists with planning and making modifications in the regular classroom to accommodate the learning needs of diverse learners. This manuscript addresses concerns related to the lack of classroom teachers’ knowledge regarding learning disabilities and giftedness when there is a lack of training and support offered to them. It also addresses many positive effects and results when classroom teachers are involved in staff development and collaborative efforts which heighten their awareness and knowledge of special needs. Educating classroom teachers, regarding special education or gifted education, is the responsibility of administrators or specialists who oversee programs. This review of literature and use of micro-ethnographic methodology to examine 59 classroom teacher interviews provides evidence and suggestions for raising awareness among specialists in gifted and special education as they prepare to assist other educators with referrals and accommodations for children with diverse learning needs.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":"9 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43931913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Rights and Bioethics within Psychiatric Hospitals in Japan","authors":"S. Maree","doi":"10.22492/ijpbs.5.2.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22492/ijpbs.5.2.04","url":null,"abstract":"Looking inside the walls of private psychiatric institutions in Japan, this paper explores bioethical concerns for autonomy in a high context culture, amongst people diagnosed with severe mental illness. The objective is to identify contextual components of control in Japanese clinical ethics that affect well-being, including the controversial extended use of bed restraints, and to recommend the need for future research and discussion of culture-specific values in accommodating respect for autonomy. This paper explores how and why these controlling factors need to be exposed, and considered, in any agenda focused on re-conceptualizing autonomy as a human right for people in psychiatric care. The paper sets out why these issues are issues of international human rights and seeks to open the dialogue through exploration of cultural, normative ethics of hospital conduct and psychiatric health care in situational context within Japan. Central to the paper is exploration of respect for autonomy and what this means for a population of people whose voice is seldom heard, always questioned, and who are vulnerable to being second-guessed and abused. This paper calls into focus the roles that sociocultural constructs, history, politics, and cultural values play in a health care system for people with psychosis and aims to contribute inquiry into a global social justice within a culture-bound domain of morals and ethics. In the conclusion and throughout this paper suggestions of careful and culturally sensitive international intervention are put forward as key strategies toward a humane solution for the serious human rights issue of respect for autonomy and agency on behalf of psychiatric patients in Japan.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":"5 1","pages":"57-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45132658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spirituality and Psychological Well-being as Buffers of Suicide Probability among Selected Young Filipino Gay Men and Lesbian Women","authors":"C. Ramos, M. E. S. Reyes","doi":"10.22492/ijpbs.5.2.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22492/ijpbs.5.2.01","url":null,"abstract":"Suicide is a serious health concern worldwide making it the second leading cause of death among adolescents and young adults. Among those at-risk for suicide are lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) youth, who are reported to be more likely to exhibit suicide behavior than their heterosexual counterparts. LGB-specific stressors, known as sexual minority stress, cause this health disparity. However, majority of studies on LGB youth focus on the risk factors of suicide despite the need for more research on protective factors. This study addresses the gap in the literature by looking into how spirituality, an overlooked protective factor in sexual minority, and psychological well-being can buffer suicide behavior among 109 lesbians and 191 gay Filipino youth. Utilizing the cross-sectional predictive research design, a total of 300 respondents completed the Suicide Probability Scale, Spiritual Involvement and Beliefs Scale – Revised and Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Wellbeing. Results revealed that psychological well-being and spirituality are negatively correlated with suicidality. Moreover, stepwise regression indicated that both psychological well-being and spirituality predict suicide behavior separately, but only psychological well-being has a predictive relationship with suicide behavior when both variables co-occur. Implications of these results are discussed.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":"5 1","pages":"3-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45877600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Media Use as Self-Therapy or Alternative Mental Help-Seeking Behavior","authors":"Bryan Gere, Nahal Salimi, Angela Anima-Korang","doi":"10.22492/ijpbs.5.2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22492/ijpbs.5.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"Social media use is pervasive in many developed societies. Social Media is a form of digital media and expansive platform that allows users to share information, and socialize with other users (Anderson & Jiang, 2018). There are multiple formats of social media being used by society today. Social networking has become such a large part of the everyday life of people such that many individuals repeatedly post or check their social media accounts. College students use social media to create virtual friendships and relationships that allow them to share information about their personal lives. Information that is shared as posts on social media including personal problems and struggles often elicit both positive and negative feedback (comments and likes). Thus, social media use has caused profound changes in the way people share their emotional and psychological concerns. It is unclear however, whether young adults’ use of social media to share their personal problems constitute self-therapy and impact the tendency to seek formal mental health services. This paper examines perceptions on social media use, self-therapy and mental health seeking behavior among college students, as well as factors that mediate this behavior. It also explores the implications for mental health help seeking behavior among this group and proposes best practices for providing them with relevant and timely information.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":"5 1","pages":"21-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47284915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Acceptance and Cognitive Restructuring Intervention Program (ACRIP) on the Symptoms of Internet Gaming Disorder and Psychological Well-Being of Adolescents","authors":"Georgekutty Kuriala Kochuchakkalackal","doi":"10.22492/ijpbs.5.2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22492/ijpbs.5.2.05","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the efficacy of the Acceptance and Cognitive Restructuring Intervention Program (ACRIP) in reducing the symptoms of Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) and improving the psychological well-being of adolescents. The ACRIP is an eight-module intervention program carried out over a four-week period. Its efficacy was tested using “randomized controlled trial” of two groups consisting of 40 adolescents. Twenty adolescents were each assigned for experimental study and under a controlled environment. Internet Gaming Disorder and Ryff’s Psychological well-being scales were used to measure the severity of the gaming disorder and the present state of one’s psychological health respectively. Paired t-test and MANOVA were used for data analyses and Cohen’s d test measured the extent of the effect of the program. Results of paired t-test and MANOVA showed statistically significant effects and thus suggest that ACRIP is an efficacious remedy in reducing and relieving the symptoms of IGD and enhancing the psychological well-being of adolescents.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":"5 1","pages":"63-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48667559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological Predictors of Facebook Addiction Tendencies among Filipino Millennials in Metro Manila","authors":"Debbie Marie Bais, M. E. S. Reyes","doi":"10.22492/ijpbs.5.2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22492/ijpbs.5.2.03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":"5 1","pages":"37-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48662974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Psychology of Science","authors":"Xiang Yanhui, Li Jianshan","doi":"10.11648/J.PBS.20190806.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PBS.20190806.15","url":null,"abstract":"As an important part of the metascience, psychology of science serves a crucial sector of the science research from the perspective of humanities and social science. In the 1930s, psychology of science began to sprout, but in the following decades psychology of science was relatively silent, with few iconic achievements, and was rarely valued. Since the 1970s, due to the outstanding contributions of Kuhn's paradigm theory, psychology of science has been widely recognized. Since the mid-1980s, psychology of science research has gradually brought together researchers and produced a series of important achievements. The discipline of psychology of science has been formally established. In general, the subjects of psychology of science mainly include psychology of scientific creation, social psychology of science, and psychology of scientist personality. In China, Wang Jisheng made pioneering contributions in the study of psychology of science in the mid-1980s, but psychology of science had few achievements in 1990s to the 2010s, and the results are also mainly concentrated on the scientific image. Since 2013, the research of psychology of science in Chinese have gradually increased, the theoretical discussion of psychology of science has increased, and the exploration of the autonomy has begun to show. All in all, the development of psychology of science still needs more scholars to join, and needs the recognition and attention of the academic community.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64830709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the Subjective Well-being of Junior High School Students","authors":"Liu Tianwei","doi":"10.11648/J.PBS.20190806.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PBS.20190806.14","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze the current situation of subjective well-being of junior high school students and its influencing factors, and to provide some practical data for school workers to develop Happiness Education. Methods: Using the method of literature review and quantitative analysis, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 132 junior high school students in a middle school in a town by subjective well-being scale for adolescents. Results: (1) The subjective well-being of junior middle school students is in the middle level (4.3738±0.6567); (2) On the gender factor, boys and girls were significantly different in school satisfaction (4.4608±1.3273, 5.1094±1.0687, t=-2.903, P<0.05) and positive emotions (3.3464±1.0852, 4.1589±1.1383, t=-3.882, P<0.05); (3) In terms of grade factors, there are significant differences in environmental satisfaction only. Through pair wise comparison after the event, it is found that there was a significant difference in environmental satisfaction between Grade7 students (4.9375±1.0398) and Grade9 students (4.1500±0.5871) (p≤0.003). The difference between other grades was not significant. (4) Through the analysis of different background data, it is shown that different background factors have different effects on the subjective well-being of junior high school students. Conclusion: The subjective well-being of junior high school students is at the middle level. In terms of gender factor, boys and girls were satisfied with school (4.4608±1.3273, 5.1094±1.0687, t=-2.903, p<0.05) and positive emotion (3.3464±1.0852, 4.1589±1.1383, t=-3.882, p<0. 05) there was significant difference in the difference. Different background factors affect the degree of subjective well-being of junior high school students, family atmosphere, the object of the two factors are the most important dimensions of subjective well-being of junior high school students. The subjective well-being of junior middle school students is basically satisfactory, and different background factors have different effects on their subjective well-being. Educators need to distinguish and guide students.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48534311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying the Early Adopters Model to Organizations Undergoing Technological Innovation Process","authors":"N. Ahituv, Alon Hasgall","doi":"10.11648/J.PBS.20190806.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PBS.20190806.13","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the relevance of the Early Adapter to the process of technological innovation assimilation in a contemporary organization environment._In the 21st century, an organization that wishes to survive in face of the flood of changes in customer requirements, technological innovation, and changing environment must assimilate technological innovation as an ongoing routine by way of carrying out an intensive process of digital transformation. Studies have shown that the digital transformation process affects the employees. It may require additional work effort as well as re-learning, and even change in status. Consequently, resistance may rise. This might affect the success and the effectiveness of the digital transformation in the organization. Therefore, it requires the support of management and the cooperation of the employees, while planning a realistic, concise, and coordinated timetable for the process. The Diffusion of Innovations model (DOI) argues that workers with a positive propensity to technology are more likely to become the early adopters of the digital transformation. According to the Complex Adaptive Systems model (CAS) in organizations, employees who act as fractals (namely, work in a functional autonomy) are prone to encourage technological innovation and utilize resources effectively and share knowledge and solutions tailored to customer needs. _This study examined the relationship between workers function as fractals in an organization with CAS characteristics, and the following traits: development of positive attitudes towards technology, ready to use, and involvement in the assimilation process. According to the DOI model, these are the characteristics of early adopters. Such employees are the most significant contributors to the effectiveness of digital transformation. An empirical study was conducted among 270 subjects who worked in four different organizations in different capacities. The results of the study show that there is a significant relationship between working as an early adopter and working as a fractal in a CAS organization. It also shows that the dimensions “ready to use” and “employee involvement in the process” were the most significant, and exhibited strong and meaningful relationship. The conclusions of the study indicate that the transformation of the organization into CAS, as well as the development of workers as fractals, will encourage the employees to become early adaptors, hence contribute to an efficient and effective process of digital transformation, and to effectively handling disruptive innovation.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42726241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}