Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)最新文献

{"title":"Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Depressive Symptoms among Poor Urban Women: A Study in Dhaka City of Bangladesh","authors":"M. M. A. Talukder, M. Mia, Nashir Uddin Shaikh, N. Chowdhury, Mohammed Ismael, Morshedul Alam, M. A. Uddin","doi":"10.12691/RPBS-9-1-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/RPBS-9-1-2","url":null,"abstract":"(1) Background: The world is currently experiencing a tremendous period in which the epidemic significantly affects people's physical and mental health. Poor urban women are more vulnerable to suffer from depression, stress, and other mental health concerns in this environment. (2) Objectives: The general objective of the study is to investigate the depression status due to fear of COVID-19 among the poor urban women living in Dhaka city of Bangladesh. (3) Methods: This cross-sectional study included 424 questionnaire surveys with poor urban women. Chi-squared tests were used to measure differences between various parameters (related to mental depression status due to COVID-19), while the Cronbach Alpha test was used to measure the dispersion of some selected variables. (4) Results: This study demonstrated that cent percent of respondents recognize COVID-19 as a dangerous virus where 79.7% reported direct infection during coughing as a reason for spreading COVID-19. About 78.3% of respondents have taken measures to prevent the coronavirus whereas 92.7% wash hands with water and soap. About 49.5% agreed that they were worried about the coronavirus whereas 51.2% agreed to COVID-19 as the most feared issue and 50.2% agreed that they feel fear of losing the lives of people. In accordance, 56.8% agreed that they were worried that they wouldn't be able to see their relatives because of isolation and 53.8% agreed they worried about getting medical care. In measuring reliability the statement “I can't sleep because I worry too much about the coronavirus” has the highest Cronbach Alpha (0.830). It is observed that there has a significant association between marital status, age, and income with depression at a 5% level of significance where (p<0.028), (p<0.015), and (p<0.004) respectively. (5) Conclusion: Most urban women are mentally depressed due to COVID-19 considering their marital status, age, and income.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":"9 1","pages":"9-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47993848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Empowering Leadership on Employee Voice Behavior: The Mediating Role of Psychological Empowerment","authors":"Jesse Jackson Makwetta, Yao Deli, F. Sarpong, Victor Sifamen Sekei, K. Z. Khan, Meegan Emfosi Meena","doi":"10.11648/J.PBS.20211004.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PBS.20211004.11","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past two decades many organizations are moving towards decentralization approach and hence putting in much effort to ensure that employees acquire the necessary leadership skills. Many organizations have adopted managerial attempts that aim to strengthen and empower leaders to boost organizational performance. Several educational researchers have exploited the relationship that exist between empowering leadership, psychological empowerment. The purpose of this research was to analyze the effects that empowering leadership can have on employee voice behavior, with the mediating role of psychological empowerment. The technique used to gather responses from 151 respondents was mainly quantitative research approach with questionnaires as a tool. The study employed random sampling to involve respondents in the study. Multiple operations such as correlation matrix, regression analysis and bootstrap approach were conducted to analyze data collected from the questionnaire. The findings showed a positive correlation between the variables measured. All hypotheses tested revealed a significant positive relationship between empowering leadership and voice behavior, psychological empowerment and voice behavior, and the mediating role of psychological empowerment. This study is useful in the academic, industrial and organizational sector. Organizations can use it to employ empowering leadership and measure the change in the behavior of employees, attitude, motivation, and empowerment. In terms of academia, this research opens more doors to further investigate the relationship between these variables. The limitations of the study include purely quantitative means of analysis and the use of random sampling. Future researchers can get more insights by employing a qualitative technique and adding more variables to further define the relationship and get better insights.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47322347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Difference Between Accessible Social Network and Perceived Social Support in Posttraumatic Growth","authors":"Jiaying Xu","doi":"10.11648/J.PBS.20211003.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PBS.20211003.13","url":null,"abstract":"Posttraumatic growth is the positive change in people’s thoughts, behaviors, interests among people who were exposed to some serious traumas. Social support has been an important factor for posttraumatic growth, but limited study has looked into the differences between subjectively social support and objectively social support. This paper investigated the relationship between social support (perceived and accessible) and posttraumatic growth. The data were collected from 200 Chinese students through a self-report online survey. The survey includes evaluation of posttraumatic growth, posttraumatic stress disorder, perceived and accessible social support, social network diversity, socioeconomic status, and also trauma history questionnaire. The regression test showed a significant positive correlation between the variables and we further looked into whether there is a difference between perceived social support and accessible social resources. Using the regression test again, we found out that posttraumatic growth is most likely benefit from both perceived SS and objectively accessible social resources. This result suggests that people don’t need to have accessible social support as long as they believe they will receive support when they need it, or people do not need to believe they have social support around them as long as the community is providing different types of support. Either of the movements is possible to help people to develop PTG after trauma.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49408338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personalized Communication Strategies: Towards a New Debtor Typology Framework","authors":"M. Ghaffari, Maxime Kaniewicz, Stephan Stricker","doi":"10.11648/j.pbs.20211006.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20211006.20","url":null,"abstract":"Based on debt collection agency (PAIR Finance) data, we developed a novel debtor typology framework by expanding previous approaches to 4 behavioral dimensions. The 4 dimensions we identified were willingness to pay, ability to pay, financial organization, and rational behavior. Using these dimensions, debtors could be classified into 16 different typologies. We identified 5 main typologies, which account for 63% of the debtors in our data set. Further, we observed that each debtor typology reacted differently to the content and timing of reminder messages, allowing us to define an optimal debt collection strategy for each typology. For example, sending a reciprocity message at 8 p.m. in the evening is the most successful strategy to get a reaction from a debtor who is willing to pay their debt, able to pay their debt, chaotic in terms of their financial organization, and emotional when communicating and handling their finances. In sum, our findings suggest that each debtor type should be approached in a personalized way using different tonalities and timing schedules.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43133720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Meta-analysis of the Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders","authors":"Guo Huifen, Maohe Yan, Wang Aizhu, Xiang Zhu","doi":"10.11648/J.PBS.20211003.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PBS.20211003.11","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There are conflicting reports on the prevalence of ASDs in mainland China (China thereafter) and abroad, and no scholars have compared the prevalence in China and abroad. Further studies are needed to clarify the changes in the prevalence rate and compare the prevalence rates at home and abroad. Objective: In order to compare the prevalence of autism at home and abroad, and compare diagnostic tools, diagnostic criteria and other aspects. So far, no scholar has compared the prevalence of autism in China and abroad. Chinese scholars have hardly studied the comprehensive prevalence in China, and the prevalence of autism is conflicting. Methods: I used the Meta-analysis to carry out the research. Firstly, literature was retrieved according to key words and extracted according to screening criteria. Secondly, forest plots and funnel plots were drawn to analyze their significance and heterogeneity. Results: Based on diagnostic criteria the pooled prevalence of ASDs, 73.6 per 10,000 in China (95% CI: 14.22-77.96 per 10,000 I2 = 80.95%), and 98.8 per 10,000 abroad (95% CI: 22.35-127.04 per 10000 per 98.14%, I2 = 98.14%). Subgroup analyses revealed significant difference in the prevalence of ASDs between genders. Moreover, the prevalence of males far exceeds that of females both in China and abroad. Conclusion: There are significant differences in the prevalence of autism at home and abroad, and there are also large differences in diagnostic criteria and diagnostic tools. There are significant differences between developing regions and underdeveloped regions, and there are also differences in the prevalence of autism between different genders, but the differences are not significant. In addition, the number of people suffering from autism may gradually increase in the future, and the number of people who understand autism will become wider and wider, the aging phenomenon of autism will gradually increase, and the causes of autism will become more and more complicated.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64831211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identity Management Strategies Among Sexual Minority Students in Tsinghua University","authors":"Chunhong Liu","doi":"10.11648/J.PBS.20211003.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PBS.20211003.12","url":null,"abstract":"In China, coming out can bring bad consequences, so sexual minorities have the option to show or hide their sexual orientation. On campus, there are some kinds of identity management strategies for students from sexual minorities. In order to study when the LGBTQ community in Tsinghua University chose open sexual orientation and the relationship with its reasons in the campus environment, this study uses an in-depth interview method to study the identity management strategies of seven participants. The study sorted out and analyzed the interview records. After analysis, the seven participants adopted a total of three identity management strategies. They are respectively: explicitly coming out strategy, impersonation strategy and implicitly coming out strategy. Two participants adopted explicitly coming out strategy, two adopted implicitly coming out strategy and other three adopted impersonation strategy. For the choice of identity management strategy of the students, the contact with the environment and the assessment of the risks play an important role. Apart from this, with the development of the Internet, there have also been new developments in the identity management strategies of the gender minorities on campus in the Internet social apps. The identity management strategy on the Internet is different from reality. Students' assessment of risk and perception of the environment are different. It may be a brand-new strategy.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48638020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Psychosocial Consequences of Mandatory Quarantine During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Hong Kong","authors":"J. Blaine","doi":"10.11648/J.PBS.20211002.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PBS.20211002.13","url":null,"abstract":"Background: While global media and local & international health organisations provide regularly updated information and statistics on the number of COVID-19 cases and deaths, little is known of the psychosocial impact of COVID-19 quarantine. Quarantine measures during pandemics such as COVID-19 present complex challenges. Determining equitable and effective application of policies is difficult, particularly concerning associated mental health effects. Recent research suggests that as most of the adverse psychological outcomes result from longer quarantine duration and the restriction of liberty, policy makers should consider voluntary quarantine, emphasising altruistic reasons for self-isolating. Having a sense of altruism could mitigate the mental health consequences of quarantine. Objective: The aim of this study was to understand the psychosocial consequences of mandatory quarantine in Hong Kong during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: An exploratory qualitative research design was employed. Qualitative data from semi-structured interviews and surveys were analysed using template analysis. Findings: Employing the acronym ALTRUISM, the findings suggest that mandatory quarantine was associated with negative psychosocial consequences, some of which were long-lasting. The findings suggest that relying on altruism and not enforcing quarantine could alleviate the mental health issues associated with quarantine. Additionally, psychological support should be made available for people during and after quarantine. Implications: The importance of the contribution of this study to public health policy and practice in Hong Kong and internationally is discussed, with recommendations for future research and practical implications of the findings.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45832709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of School Choice in Selected Urban Secondary Schools in Zambia","authors":"Gift Masaiti, Kennedy Mwila, Godfrey Kaoma, Francis Simui, Harrison Daka","doi":"10.12691/RPBS-9-1-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/RPBS-9-1-1","url":null,"abstract":"This research paper conceptualises the determinants of school choice by parents in selected secondary schools in urban Zambia. It empirically examines the extent school choice is determined by the following parameters: the school’s academic performance; parents’ socio-economic status; location of parents and moral and religious values of the schools. The rational choice and free market theories underpinned the conceptualisation of the determinants of school choice. Convergent parallel mixed-methods design was employed. The study was done in Lusaka district based on the fact that it is the most urbanised town in the country. The study used both simple random sampling and purposive sampling to select respondents. 120 parents responded to questionnaires, 8 parents were interviewed to crosscheck other parents’ responses in the questionnaires. Interviews were also used to generate data from 6 head-teachers and 1 key informant at District Education Office. Multiple and single regression analysis were used to establish the significance of the factors of school choice under investigation. Key among the findings that show a departure from global literature in the context of Zambia is that of moral and religious values which was rated second and most significant determinant of School choice. Equally, school academic performance is the biggest determining factor in parents’ school choice. In the third place was Parents’ socio-economic status. Location of parents was however established to be insignificant as a determinant of school choice. The paper recommends that government should work at issues that enhanced school academic performance and discipline in schools such as intensifying monitoring and supervision especially in public schools so as to increase preference for such schools, Therefore, the study recommends for future research on examination of determinants of school choice should focus on primary level in both rural and urban settings.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48912730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Possible Effects of Specific Auditory Stimulation (Johansen-IAS) on Language Development of a Group of Dyslexic Students","authors":"W. D. Zwart","doi":"10.11648/J.PBS.20211002.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PBS.20211002.12","url":null,"abstract":"A group of dyslexics with auditory processing difficulties showed significant improvements in language skills following intervention using non-linguistic auditory stimulation to enhance sensitivity and obtain a ‘healthy’ right ear advantage. Twenty–eight participants aged thirteen to seventeen years were divided into three groups: a dyslexic intervention group, a dyslexic control group and a non-dyslexic control group. The intervention used was Johansen Individualised Auditory Stimulation (Johansen IAS). The intervention group listened individually for ten minutes daily over fifteen to eighteen months to CDs of computer-generated music customised according to the results of their hearing tests. Improvements in technical reading (decoding) and spelling abilities in the dyslexic intervention group support a link between basic sensory perception skills and language-related skills at a phonological level. The study supports the use of non-linguistic auditory stimulation to optimise auditory perception, and the notion that such interventions benefit language in dyslexics whose auditory sensitivity and laterality is atypical. Further research is suggested to investigate the link between fundamental auditory processing abilities and our ability to learn and process language. The importance of assessing basic auditory perception, and the potential for its ‘re-education’ to optimise phonological awareness (widely accepted as a crucial process in literacy) is highlighted.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":"10 1","pages":"81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45487844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study on the Relationship Between Homosexuals' Coming-Out, Self-identity, Loneliness and Perceived Social Support","authors":"Zheng Zhang, F. He, Shi-yung Liu, Haonan Tang, Jia-Xuan Li, Jilin Zou","doi":"10.11648/J.PBS.20211002.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PBS.20211002.11","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The long history of diversified population structure has brought the inclusiveness in Chinese culture, but in the other hand Confucian culture give birth to the conformism and moderation. The rapidly changing modern society and increasing opportunities to interact with different cultures have made the younger generation in China more open, but the overall environment has not receded to maintain and adhere to the traditional view of marriage and love, only heterosexuality is normal, has created cognitive clashes and more implicit social conflicts. In such a complex environment, homosexuals who have been outside the mainstream values for ages are apt to face more personal adaptability and mental health problems, which are more obvious in the two psychological qualities of self-identity and loneliness. Methods: We practiced mixed method to research, using perceived social support scale, loneliness scale, gay self-identity questionnaire and semi-structured interview questionnaire as tools, had measured 1962 individuals of different sexual orientation to carry on the survey, and deeply interviewed seven subjects including researchers, encode and establish models according to the collected information. Results: (1) Gay and bisexual men had significant gender main effect on self-identity, and female group had higher self-identity than male. Homosexuals' loneliness, social support and self-identity have significant residential landlord effects. The higher the level of residential area, the higher the self-identity. The higher the level of residential area, the higher the self-identity. The level of education affects the loneliness and perceived social support of individuals with different sexual tendencies (2) Perceived social support has negative correlation with loneliness in different groups the coefficient is 0.56-0.66, the higher the perceived social support the lower the loneliness. (3) Perceived social support mediated the relationship between coming out and loneliness, gender moderated the correlation of perceived social support and loneliness. (4) The phenomenon of gender role division exists in various kinds of the non-heterosexual group, and there is no unified operational definition, which can be evaluated through multi-dimensional evaluation. (5) Gender and age have effect on the behavior of coming out, senior female are the last group to come out, exactly contrary to the young men. Certain orders and stages consist in coming-out, in a general way, self-identity is the starting point of coming-out, and the process is influenced by social support, economic conditions, family and more factors.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":"10 1","pages":"63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64830772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}