Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)最新文献

{"title":"Anxiety Disorders Linked to Superstitious Beliefs in Festish-Motivated Footballers","authors":"Portejoie Jean Aimé Tsiama, Edouard Bakembo Mayoukou","doi":"10.11648/j.pbs.20221103.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20221103.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64832230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting Executive Dysfunctions Based on Attachment and Parenting Styles in Students","authors":"Ayyoub Malek, Karim Abdolmohammadi, Farhad Ghadiri Sourman Abadi, M. Soltani","doi":"10.11648/j.pbs.20221101.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20221101.12","url":null,"abstract":": Executive functions refer to the use of cognitive processes to control thoughts and emotions. Given the importance and impact of executive functions, it seems that understanding the factors that influence executive functions’ development is useful to prevent individuals’ problems and to help their further promotions. The present study is to predict executive dysfunctions based on parenting styles and attachment styles in students. This is a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population of this study included all students of regular elementary schools in Tabriz, Iran in the academic year of 2018-19, among whom, 700 were selected by multistage clustering sampling method. In the next step, their parents were asked to complete Coolidge neuropsychological and personality scale, the Kinship Center Attachment Questionnaire (KCAQ), and Baumrind parenting styles questionnaire. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance. The results showed that positive adjustment development, negative behaviors, permissive style, authoritarian style and authoritative style are correlated with the executive dysfunction. Positive adjustment development, attachment style and authoritative parenting style had a negative correlation, and the attachment style of negative behaviors, and permissive and authoritarian parenting styles had a positive correlation with the executive dysfunctions. The findings of the present study show that attachment and parenting styles in childhood correlate significantly with the development of executive functions and may be considered for prediction of executive dysfunctions.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64831957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of State and Trait Emotional Empathy Toward Animals in the Associations of Dissociation and Meat Consumption","authors":"Kaili Zhao, Qianxia Jiang, Xianyou He","doi":"10.11648/J.PBS.20211006.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PBS.20211006.13","url":null,"abstract":"Many people enjoy eating meat but dislike the harming of animals that it entails. Dissociating meat from its animal origins has been identified as a powerful way to avoid cognitive dissonance resulting from this ‘meat paradox’. Extending previous research, this study examined the effect of dissociation on meat consumption and elucidate the role of state and trait emotional empathy toward animals in the associations of dissociation and meat consumption. Using a between-subjects design, participants were randomly allocated to dissociation-blocking condition or dissociation condition and completed measures of trait emotional empathy, state emotional empathy and positivity toward meat consuming. Results showed that dissociation-blocking was associated with reduced positivity to meat consuming. State emotional empathy mediated the association between dissociation and meat consumption and trait emotional empathy moderated the direct effect of dissociation on meat consumption, exactly, among participants who scored lower in trait emotional empathy, the effect of dissociation on meat consumption was significant, while among those who scored high in trait emotional empathy, the effect of dissociation on meat consumption was insignificant. To conclude, the present study demonstrated the effect of dissociation on meat consumption and further revealed the mediation effect of state emotional empathy and the moderation effect of trait emotional empathy in the associations between dissociation and meat consumption, which provided a unique insight into the relationship between dissociation and meat consumption.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47342847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Academic Procrastination of Adolescents: A Brief Review of the Literature","authors":"Shuai Xu","doi":"10.11648/J.PBS.20211006.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PBS.20211006.12","url":null,"abstract":"Procrastination is a common behavioral and psychological concern that refers to unnecessarily delaying tasks and experiencing negative results. Adolescent students are the ones especially prone to suffer from academic procrastination as they are in a unique stage of rapid development and growth. Previous research has demonstrated that adolescent academic procrastination is related to self-regulation, self-efficacy, motivation, perfectionism, and parenting. Moreover, the Internet, especially smartphones and online games, has presented new ways to procrastinate. Online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic has implications for academic procrastination as well. Therefore, the aim of this literature review is to synthesize studies on academic procrastination of teenagers and consider individual, family, and technology perspectives. Interventions, such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Acceptance Commitment Therapy (ACT), treat procrastination, with common strategies targeting specific behaviors and emotions. To address some limitations, future research should expand to Eastern contexts, construct reliable measures, address distance learning, and develop alternative treatment approaches. This line of research would help teachers and parents support adolescent students in reducing their urges to procrastinate and developing good learning habits to lay a foundation for future studies and work.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42464376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intentions, Objectives and Profits of Group Therapy","authors":"T. Wallenhorst","doi":"10.11648/J.PBS.20211006.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PBS.20211006.11","url":null,"abstract":"Groups practiced in a therapeutic aim are often organized according to a certain type of activity. Theoretical reflection nourishes practice. Some were initiated at the end of World War II, for instance the so called “Institutional Psychotherapy”. This gave birth to different approaches practiced in some psychiatric institutions, then in various associations meant to improve practices in mental health. Other approaches are of educational aim, of which psycho-education, cognitive remediation, therapeutic education. The author initiated a method of speech group that can go to various publics, as much to patients as to family members or to those who want to become trained around different problems of mental health. These groups apply to people enduring addiction, of bipolar mood disorder, to carers in mental health and to helping peers. The method is elaborated on the base of constant dialogue between professionals coaching and participants. Five educational intentions emerged in this practice: transmission of knowledge, allowing participants to know themselves, arousing the taste to change, liberating speech, use of a universal language. The tool is readjusted progressively because it evolves, at a time, according to the information that the professionals want to transmit and to participants’ examples. During the meetings all participants share on an equal base, coaches included. This exchange allows the participants to free their speech, to take confidence in them and to enter a group dynamic helping them to move forward.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46770716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rejection Sensitivity on Social Networking Sites: How It Differently Impacts Late Adolescents’ Positive and Negative Affect","authors":"Liqin Liu, Pingping Ni, Beibei Yang","doi":"10.11648/J.PBS.20211005.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PBS.20211005.14","url":null,"abstract":"Rejection sensitivity online was prevalent among adolescents that was potential risk factor for affect. The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between rejection sensitivity on networking sites and sentimental responses through self-assesion and self-esteem respectively and the sequential mediated effect both of them, the research also tested the moderated role of gender. There were 823 adolescents included in this research. They completed a questionnaire packages consisting of 4 scales. The findings indicated that adolescents’ emotional responses to rejection sensitivity on networking sites was significant, the mediating model was remarkable through self-assesion and significant sequential mediated effect both of self-assesion and self-esteem for affect among girls but not boys, however, rejection sensitivity on social networking sites was directly related to negative affect among boys, gender played a moderating role in the relationship between rejection sensitivity on social networking sites and positive affect/negative affect respectively, boys were sensitive to negative affect but girls were sensitive to both of positive and negative affect and boys responsed to stimulus slightly than girls. The findings provided a new insight to the prevention and intervention for the negative affect and improvement for positive affect among adolescents. The implication of the conclusions for understanding and counteracting rejection sensitivity on networking sites were discussed.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49148265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-reported Fear, Psychological Inflexibility and Opioid Dose in Relation to Pain","authors":"Brandon Scott, T. Virden, Krista Perdue","doi":"10.11648/J.PBS.20211005.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PBS.20211005.13","url":null,"abstract":"Within the past two decades, research on the treatment of chronic pain with opioid medication has attempted to understand the complex relationship between psychological factors, subjective pain experience, and prescription opioid use. Specifically, fear and psychological inflexibility factors have been explored in relation to both pain sensation and opioid dose. The current study aims to explore and enhance the understandings of brief, subjective self-report measures of fear in relation to opioid dose, subjective fear, self-reported pain, and psychological inflexibility processes. This study examined whether (1) a quadratic relationship would exist between pain scores and opioid dose; (2) individuals with higher opioid dosages would have higher psychological inflexibility scores and subjective fear of pain scores; (3) subjective fear scores, in concert with psychological inflexibility pain measures, would be predictive of pain scores, and (4) subjective fear scores would positively correlate to psychological inflexibility pain measures. The final sample consisted of 202 respondents of an online survey for chronic pain. Survey measures included the Chronic Pain Grade questionnaire (CPG), the Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale (PIPS), Subjective Fear of Pain when in Low Pain (FlowP), and when in No Pain (FnoP). Opioid dosage for each participant was converted to the standardized Morphine Milligram Equivalent (MME). A significant quadratic relationship between the CPG and MME was found (p=0.016). MME scores were ns in relation to Subjective Fear of Pain scores or PIPS. FlowP and FnoP, however, did predict overall pain scores for participants (p<0.001). Overall pain scores also showed a positive moderate relationship with overall PIPS scores (r(200)=0.673, p<0.001). FlowP and PIPS together explained 45.7% of the variance of pain scores (F(2,199) = 83.640, p=0.003, R=0.676, R2=0.457) with FnoP and PIPS explaining slightly less at 44.8% (F(2,187)=76.002, p<0.001, R=0.670, R2=0.448). FlowP, however, showed slightly stronger correlations to overall PIPS scores (r(200)=0.648, p<0.001) when compared to FnoP (r(188)=0.589, p<0.001). These findings support previous research indicating a quadratic relationship between pain and opioid dose. Higher pain scores were correlated to higher scores on PIPS and subjective fear of pain questions. Of benefit, the subjective fear of pain questions showed some minor predictability when used as a two-question predictor of pain. Our results not only support previous research underlying the relationship between opioid dose and pain but expand on insight into the use of short-form, fear-related questions to predict psychometrics such as psychological inflexibility and pain sensation.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45719267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Japanese Version of the General Procrastination Scale: Factor Structure Differences in an Asian Population","authors":"M. Nomura, J. Ferrari","doi":"10.11648/J.PBS.20211005.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PBS.20211005.11","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to assess the Japanese version of General Procrastination Scale (J-GPS) previously created by Hayashi (2007), with a large, varied sample of Japanese adults. The paper-and-pencil surveys were distributed to Japanese people who lived in the large-, medium-, and small-sized cities who lived in Japan. Participants were recruited by the first author during a two-month period. The final sample was 2,564 Japanese citizens: 1,048 (40.9%) men and 1,516 (59.1%) women with a mean age of 44.3 years old (SD = 1.91). Participants reported demographic information including age, gender, marital status, married years, number of children, educational status, occupational types, worked years, living areas, whether considering themselves as procrastinator, and whether others considering them as procrastinator. Results showed that a two-factor solution was the best fit, duplicating studies with Turkish, Italian, and Greek populations, but in contrast to a uni-dimensional structure suggested originally by Lay (1986) or adapted in Spanish sample. Moreover, we investigated rates of self-reported procrastination in relation to a collective culture, which has mixed individualistic tendencies. Participants with strong individualistic tendencies were not significantly different on J-GPS scores, compared to those with little tendencies on individualistic characteristics. Our results added significant evidence to previous studies of General Procrastination. Future research in non-English speaking countries, especially in Asian countries, using a general procrastination measure might be helpful for further comparison to ascertain cultural differences in task delay perception.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46766864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Does Population Aging Influence Political Polarization","authors":"Shu-Chun Yu, Xiaojun Zhao","doi":"10.11648/J.PBS.20211004.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PBS.20211004.14","url":null,"abstract":"The population aging has been considered as a major trend in China. By 2019, people aged 60 or older has exceeded 2.49 m, accounting for 17.9% of the population, while people aged 65 or older has reaches 1.76 m, accounting for 12.6% of the population. However, there were no clear empirical evidences that show how political polarization is affected by the older population. We use a four-round household data from 2012-2018 CFPS of China to construct a large panel data including 14,352 adults each year. This paper computes the polarization index of eight typical public events and combines them to construct an overall index, using Gini coefficient, Theil index, and Atkinson index. We find that the index is larger for the oldest than for the youngest group in overall and eight measures, indicating that political polarization has gradually bifurcated with age. To explain this phenomenon, we focus on the demographic differences in information channel, parental influence, occupation distribution and regional migration between young and old people as evidence of higher polarization. Then, a Tobit model estimated at the age-province level implies that increase in average age is associated with significant grows in polarization index and four channel effects also hold. These findings provide a new perspective to explain the reason for increasing political polarization.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47265347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Religious Coping Strategies During COVID-19 Outbreak and Anxiety Face at the Total Lockdown Resolution Among Tunisian People","authors":"Ajmi Sirine, Hentati Salma, S. Rim, M. Rim, F. Inès, Masmoudi Jaweher","doi":"10.11648/J.PBS.20211004.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PBS.20211004.12","url":null,"abstract":"Background: coronavirus, a highly contagious virus, spreads quickly and can be fatal in severe cases. With no specific medicines, it constitute not only threat to the life and health of people but has also a large impact on their mental health and coping strategies. We assessed the religious coping strategies in COVID-19 pandemic and determinate the level of anxiety face to the end of the lockdown in a sample of n = 80 Tunisian. Methods: An online questionnaire survey was conducted from 24 April to 23 May 2020 to evaluate anxiety face to the end of lockdown and religious coping responses face to the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic. We used the brief religious coping scale (R-COPE) and Hospital anxiety and depression scale-anxiety (HADS-A). Results: Two-thirds of the participants exhibited anxiety symptoms at the end of the total lockdown. The negative religious coping was much less prevalent than positive religious coping. Significant relationships were found only for demographic variables: Higher educated reported more positive religious coping. No correlation was found between religious commitment and religious coping. Participants with positive religious coping style have higher level of anxiety during lockdown resolution. In conclusion, the COVID-19 outbreak in Tunisia had an impact on the mental health status of the general public even after the lockdown resolution.","PeriodicalId":93047,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and behavioral sciences (New York, N.Y. 2012)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45728962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}