Brain Research Bulletin最新文献

{"title":"Microglia-Astroglia-Neuron network following stroke: Novel insight into extracellular vesicles communication","authors":"Hao Wan ,&nbsp;Yicheng Cui ,&nbsp;Yanyang Zeng ,&nbsp;Jianbin Hu ,&nbsp;Meihua Li ,&nbsp;Zhipeng Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, with ischemic stroke accounting for the majority of cases. Intercellular communication is critical to its prognostic impact, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are an emerging important mechanism. EVs are increasingly recognized as key mediators of crosstalk between neurons and glial cells, affecting processes such as neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and tissue repair. More previous studies have focused on signaling and information exchange between the two types of cells. This paper reviews the EVs-mediated triad interaction between neurons, astrocytes and microglia after stroke based on the spatiotemporal entanglement of them. Not only the intercellular crosstalk of EVs of microglial, astrocytic, or neuronal origins is explored in detail, the cargoes carried by EVs and their mechanisms of action are resolved, but also the overlapping parts in the EVs-mediated cellular communication mechanisms are analyzed, such as the NF-κB signaling pathway and miR-124 which play an important and complex role in a variety of intercellular communications. On this basis, EVs were revealed to have potential as biomarkers and therapeutic carriers. The aim of this paper is to contribute to our deeper understanding of stroke pathophysiology and to inspire new possible therapeutic strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 111537"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145013783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synaptic vesicle protein 2A regulates mossy fiber sprouting in a drug-resistant epilepsy rat model via laminin α5/integrin β1","authors":"Yongfei Shi ,&nbsp;Yi Xu ,&nbsp;Yinlin Hu ,&nbsp;Langtao Liu ,&nbsp;Chen Li ,&nbsp;Siyin Ren ,&nbsp;Guofeng Wu ,&nbsp;Likun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) is frequently characterized by pathological mossy fiber sprouting (MFS), which is a defining indicator of aberrant synaptic remodeling within the hippocampus. Despite extensive investigations of the molecular underpinnings of MFS, they remain only partially elucidated. Synaptic vesicle protein 2 A (SV2A) is a key modulator of neurotransmitter exocytosis that has been associated with epileptogenesis. However, its involvement in structural neural plasticity throughout epileptogenic progression remains unclear. In this study, a pilocarpine-induced rat model of DRE was utilized to evaluate the influence of SV2A on MFS. Immunofluorescence, western blot analysis, and the lentivirus-mediated modulation of SV2A expression revealed that SV2A suppression intensified both MFS and seizure severity. Mechanistically, the results of co-immunoprecipitation combined with mass spectrometry suggested that a deficiency of SV2A could facilitate aberrant axonal sprouting via disruption of the laminin α5 (LAMA5)/integrin β1 (ITGB1) signaling cascade. Subsequent validation confirmed that decreased LAMA5 expression and attenuated ITGB1 activation in SV2A-deficient rats were contributory factors to pathological axonal sprouting. These findings implicate SV2A as a critical determinant of structural plasticity in epileptogenesis and highlight the LAMA5/ITGB1 axis as a promising therapeutic avenue for DRE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 111536"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145008185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced imaging and localization techniques in brain tumor resection: A review for precision tumor removal","authors":"Xizi Song ,&nbsp;Peishan Huang ,&nbsp;Xiuyun Liu ,&nbsp;Huijie Yu ,&nbsp;Jin Wei ,&nbsp;Dong Ming","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brain tumors are one of the most dangerous cancers with serious effects on human health. The primary treatment approach involves a combination of surgery, supplemented by postoperative radiotherapy. The growth pattern of malignant tumor is typically infiltrative, posing a challenge in visually distinguishing the tumor from the surrounding normal brain tissue during surgery. In order to mitigate the risk of potential neurological damage, an increasing number of imaging and localization techniques and devices are being employed. Commonly used preoperative functional neuroimaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), have proven to be powerful tools in neurosurgery. MRI aids in visualizing important functional areas involved in the tumor as well as the conduction pathways, and TMS assists in assessing cortical function. This enhanced preoperative information contributes to refining surgical planning and reduced risks in the surgery. The application of intraoperative functional neuroimaging techniques (neuronavigation (NN), intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS), fluorescence guided technique (FGT) and intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM)), has improved the gross total removal (GTR) of glioma in functional brain regions. NN, IOUS and FGT enable real-time exploration of tumor structures, providing valuable guidance for resection. Concurrently, IONM is employed to highlight the relationship between tumor and the functional cortex, with the aim of preventing or minimizing neurological deficits. These approaches ensure precision in tumor resection and help safeguard neurological function during surgery. This paper discusses the potential advantages and limitations of these techniques used in glioma surgery, and provides directions for the development of techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 111533"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144988267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1-mediated Ca2+ response is potentiated by activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 in the rat hippocampal marginal zone","authors":"Megumi Taketo","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111535","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111535","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) that mediate slow glutamatergic signal transduction and regulate cell excitability in the central nervous system. Group I mGluRs are coupled to G_q/11 proteins and mobilize intracellular Ca²⁺. Group II mGluRs are coupled to G_i/o proteins and inhibit adenylyl cyclase. Hippocampal Cajal-Retzius (CR) cells which regulate neural migration during pre- and post-natal development, express group I and group II mGluRs. Although interactions between GPCRs have been reported, studies on the interactions between GPCRs in native tissues remain insufficient. Previous studies have demonstrated that mGluR1, which belongs to group I mGluRs, mobilizes intracellular Ca²⁺ in CR cells, and this Ca²⁺ response is potentiated by activation of the G_i/o-coupling adenosine A₁ receptor. In this study, the potentiation of intracellular Ca²⁺ mobilization through mGluR1 by the activation of group II mGluRs was demonstrated in hippocampal CR cells. Ca²⁺ imaging in hippocampal slices showed that activation of groupII mGluRs did not induce elevation of intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration, but potentiated mGluR1-induced Ca²⁺ responses. This potentiation was sensitive to a negative allosteric modulator of mGluR3, and several G-protein inhibitors. These results reveal cooperative modulation of intracellular Ca²⁺ mobilization by the two subtypes of mGluRs in hippocampal CR cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 111535"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144999717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State-dependent alterations in neural activity induced by the personalized ventrolateral prefrontal cortex stimulation during viewing emotional film clips","authors":"Changyue Hou ,&nbsp;Meihua Yan ,&nbsp;Haonan Pei ,&nbsp;Yuting Deng ,&nbsp;Sisi Jiang ,&nbsp;Hechun Li ,&nbsp;Huan Huang ,&nbsp;Yufan Zhou ,&nbsp;Roberto Rodríguez-Labrada ,&nbsp;Cheng Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111534","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Emotion regulation is crucial for maintaining normal social interactions and individual psychological health. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to modulate emotional regulation may be a powerful method for neurological or psychiatric disorders. However, TMS efficacy varies between protocols and individuals, with the brain's state during treatment being an often-overlooked factor. This study aimed to explore the influence of emotional brain state on TMS effects. Ninety-nine healthy participants were randomly assigned to three groups: one watched neutral film clips and received active TMS (neutral group), while the other two watched sadness film clips and received either active or sham TMS (sad and sham groups, respectively). The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and functional connectivity (FC) were investigated using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Compared with the neutral group, the sad group showed different changes in neural activity (as measured by ALFF) in the right superior occipital gyrus and right middle frontal gyrus after TMS. In the neutral group, the ALFF change in the right superior occipital gyrus was correlated with the baseline FC between this region and the TMS target. Additionally, changes in neural activity in the right superior occipital gyrus and right middle frontal gyrus were related to changes in depression scale scores in the sad group. These findings may suggest that TMS during different emotional states can induce state-dependent alterations in neural activity. By combining emotional induction, TMS, and fMRI, this study offers a unique perspective on state-dependent effects and may improve TMS treatment outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 111534"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144943814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-iTBS alleviates perioperative neurocognitive disorders by inducing long-term neuroprotection against inflammatory injury","authors":"Binhua Zou ,&nbsp;Tingting Chen ,&nbsp;Jianzhong Fan ,&nbsp;Renhong He","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111532","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111532","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND), encompassing cognitive impairments linked to anesthesia and surgery, significantly impact elderly patients and increase postoperative risks. Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), a non-invasive neuromodulation protocol, has shown cognitive-enhancing potential in clinical studies. However, its utility for preventing PND remains unexplored. This study investigated whether preoperative iTBS mitigates PND in aged rats undergoing exploratory laparotomy. Eighteen-month-old male rats (n = 5/group) received 10 daily iTBS sessions or sham stimulation (only noise without real stimulation) prior to 3-hour isoflurane anesthesia (3 %) and laparotomy. Cognitive function was assessed via the Morris water maze (MWM) pre- and postoperatively. Rats were euthanized at 72 h post-surgery to quantify hippocampal microglial polarization (Iba1⁺/CD86⁺), pro-inflammatory cytokines (Milliplex cytokine assays), and neuronal apoptosis (Nissl staining). iTBS-treated rats exhibited faster anesthesia recovery (17.4 ± 3.6 min vs. 35.2 ± 11.2 min; <em>P</em> = 0.009) and reduced postoperative cognitive decline (MWM escape latency: 39.5 ± 5.0 s vs. 50.0 ± 5.8 s; <em>P</em> = 0.006). These improvements correlated with decreased M1-polarized microglia (39.0 ± 7.0 vs. 58.8 ± 12.2; <em>P</em> = 0.014), lower TNF-α levels (2690.6 ± 542.2 pg/mL vs. 3532.7 ± 623.8 pg/mL; <em>P</em> = 0.035), and reduced hippocampal apoptosis (87.8 ± 8.3 % vs. 69.1 ± 13.8 %; <em>P</em> = 0.006). Pre-iTBS has potential therapeutic efficacy in perioperative neurocognitive disorders by reducing M1-type pro-inflammatory factors and enhancing neuronal activity and resistance to anesthesia and surgery-induced damage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 111532"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144922902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moderating role of gender in brain structural changes of long-term high-altitude hypoxia-exposed individuals","authors":"Yuan Li ,&nbsp;Zhixin Wang ,&nbsp;Hailin Ma ,&nbsp;Niannian Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111531","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111531","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gender differences play a significant role in human adaptation to both natural and social environments. In high-altitude regions, the reduced oxygen pressure leads to hypoxia, which is reflected in structural changes in the brain. However, the mechanisms by which gender regulates the effects of hypoxia on brain structure remain unclear. In this study, we measured brain morphology using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 129 healthy adult subjects who had long-term migrated to the plateau. The difference test results showed that the volume of the right insula in the high-hypoxic exposure time group was significantly lower than that in the low-hypoxic exposure time group (<em>t</em> = −2.94, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01, 95% CI = [−1.08, −0.21]). Further moderating effect tests found that after controlling for age, gender moderated the effect of hypoxia exposure time on the relevant cortex. The reduction in the volume of the right insula showed the effect of long-term hypoxia, while Gender differences were associated with a reduction in the atrophy of the right insula volume (<em>β</em> = −0.16, <em>t</em> = −2.12, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05, 95 % CI = [−0.30, −0.01]), the thickness of the right pars opercularis (<em>β</em> = −0.19, <em>t</em> = −2.06, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05, 95 % CI = [−0.36, −0.01]), the thickness of the right posterior cingulate (<em>β</em> = −0.24, <em>t</em> = −2.60, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05, <em>95 %</em> CI = [−0.42, −0.06]), and the thickness of the left caudal anterior cingulate (<em>β</em> = −0.21, <em>t</em> = −2.22, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05, 95 % CI = [−0<em>.</em>39, −0.02]). The findings of this study provide evidence for gender differences in moderating the adverse effects of long-term hypoxia exposure on the human brain in the high-altitude natural environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 111531"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144932350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New insights into tryptophan metabolism in ischemic stroke: A promising therapeutic target","authors":"Weixin Chen ,&nbsp;Tangyou Mao ,&nbsp;Chenchen Sun ,&nbsp;Rui Ma,&nbsp;Yuran Dong,&nbsp;Yuxuan Xiong,&nbsp;Wenjun Bao,&nbsp;Ran Han,&nbsp;Le Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111529","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111529","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ischemic stroke is a major cause of disability and mortality worldwide. Dysregulation of tryptophan metabolism has been increasingly implicated in its pathophysiology. Tryptophan is catabolized through three principal pathways: the kynurenine, serotonin, and microbial indole pathways, each producing bioactive metabolites that modulate neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and immune responses following stroke. An elevated quinolinic acid/kynurenic acid ratio reflects enhanced neurotoxicity, while alterations in gut-derived indole metabolites impair gut-brain signaling. This review highlights key enzymes—IDO, TDO, TPH—and receptors such as AHR as potential therapeutic targets. Although preclinical studies are promising, clinical translation remains challenging due to metabolic complexity, blood-brain barrier limitations, and individual variability in gut microbiota. Future research should integrate multi-omics technologies and well-designed clinical trials to develop targeted therapies for ischemic stroke.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 111529"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144918058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-specific responses to cannabis exposure: Implications for behavior and beyond","authors":"Sophia Rogers ,&nbsp;Adele M.H. Seelke ,&nbsp;Sabrina L. Mederos ,&nbsp;Karen L. Bales","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111530","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111530","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cannabis is one of the most widely used psychoactive substances worldwide, with a growing interest in its potential therapeutic applications. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in cannabis use, driven by the progressive legalization and acceptance of recreational usage. Despite the expanding legalization and use of cannabis, the effects of this substance on various physiological systems and behaviors are not fully understood. Accumulating evidence suggests that cannabis exposure may elicit sex-specific effects, highlighting the importance of considering sex as a biological variable in cannabis research. Sex can affect many behavioral outcomes, thus these differences should be considered when looking at the continuation of cannabis legalization. Despite the growing recognition of the importance of sex differences in research, the current literature on cannabis use and its effects has not adequately addressed these differences. Understanding sex differences in cannabis use is crucial for developing treatment strategies and informing public health policies. This scoping review aims to address these gaps and highlight instances of sex-specific behavioral responses to cannabis exposure. The purpose of this review is to: 1) give an overview of cannabis, the endocannabinoid system, and sex-differences in scientific literature, 2) provide an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding sex differences in cannabis use, 3) examine how sex differences can influence the behavioral effects of cannabis use. This review will predominantly focus on tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the principal psychoactive constituent of cannabis. By synthesizing the available literature, this scoping review seeks to identify gaps in our understanding and guide future research efforts in this field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 111530"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144943731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered lateral geniculate nucleus functional connectivity and its correlation with retinal thickness in primary open-angle glaucoma: A resting-state functional MRI study","authors":"Xuhao Chen ,&nbsp;Ning Wu ,&nbsp;Shaofen Huang ,&nbsp;Yingting Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhidong Li ,&nbsp;Yangjiani Li ,&nbsp;Yue Xiao ,&nbsp;Xinyue Shen ,&nbsp;Ye Deng ,&nbsp;Caibin Deng ,&nbsp;Yehong Zhuo ,&nbsp;Lingjing Hu ,&nbsp;Yiqing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111524","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is one of the predominant causes of irreversible blindness. Though the glaucomatous transneuronal degeneration pass through the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) in the visual pathway, the functional changes associated with the LGN remains elusive. The current study aimed to investigate the seed-based whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) of the LGN and its correlation with retinal thickness in patients with POAG.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>T1-weighted scans and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) were extracted from 54 patients with POAG and 54 matched healthy controls from the UK Biobank. An automatic LGN segmentation protocol and FC analysis were conducted on the bilateral LGN. The Pearson correlation between retinal thickness and FC was explored.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The total LGN volume in patients with POAG was significantly decreased compared with controls (<em>P</em> = 0.042). The patients with POAG showed a pattern of reduced ALFF, fALFF, ReHo, and degree centrality value in brain regions. The left LGN demonstrated an increased FC between the right lingual gyrus and diminished FC with the left middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and left superior parietal lobule, whereas the left middle occipital gyrus exhibited reduced FC with the right LGN in patients with POAG. A positive correlation between the FC in the left MFG and the retinal average thickness (r = 0.292, P = 0.012), retinal nerve fiber layer average thickness (r = 0.272, P = 0.013), and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer average thickness (r = 0.380, P = 0.001) was found.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Patients with POAG exhibited LGN atrophy, reduced resting-state functional activity, and altered FC with the LGN in the regional cortex. The glaucomatous impairment of retinal thickness was associated with LGN volume and its connectivity strength with the left MFG. These findings offer a deeper insight into the LGN cortical connectivity alterations and its association with transneuronal degeneration in patients with POAG.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9302,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research Bulletin","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 111524"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144913910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}