British journal of psychology最新文献_第6页

Post-collaborative benefits: A meta-analysis of the effect of collaboration on subsequent individual retrieval 合作后的益处：合作对个人后续检索影响的荟萃分析。

IF 3.2 2区心理学

British journal of psychology Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12723

Yuan-Xia Gao, Yue Chu, Xi-Ping Liu, Wei-Hai Tang

{"title":"Post-collaborative benefits: A meta-analysis of the effect of collaboration on subsequent individual retrieval","authors":"Yuan-Xia Gao, Yue Chu, Xi-Ping Liu, Wei-Hai Tang","doi":"10.1111/bjop.12723","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjop.12723","url":null,"abstract":"Collaboration has an essential role in memory, and how to appropriately use it to affect individual memory positively is a matter of concern. The meta-analysis generally assessed the effect of collaboration on subsequent individual retrieval, registered on the PROSPERO platform and adhering to the PRISMA guidelines, using the Web of Science, Science Direct, CNKI and WanFang databases with post-collaborative memory as the main subject, screened studies published up to December 31, 2023, a total of 64 studies with 101 effect sizes, including 13,398 participants from 11 countries. Heterogeneity test, sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis and meta-regression analysis were performed on the included studies, while publication bias was assessed. The results found that collaboration improves subsequent individual retrieval memory more than individuals, and collaboration has a moderate facilitating effect on subsequent individual retrieval. Group size, material category, category size, collaboration phase, collaboration approach, task process and test method were among the moderating variables. The study emphasizes the role of collaboration in cognition and demonstrates the post-collaborative benefits. The conclusions are of value for developing methods to improve individual memory.","PeriodicalId":9300,"journal":{"name":"British journal of psychology","volume":"115 4","pages":"740-758"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141747517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing novelty, feasibility and value of creative ideas with an unsupervised approach using GPT-4. 使用 GPT-4 无监督方法评估创意的新颖性、可行性和价值。

IF 3.2 2区心理学

British journal of psychology Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12720

Felix B Kern, Chien-Te Wu, Zenas C Chao

{"title":"Assessing novelty, feasibility and value of creative ideas with an unsupervised approach using GPT-4.","authors":"Felix B Kern, Chien-Te Wu, Zenas C Chao","doi":"10.1111/bjop.12720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12720","url":null,"abstract":"Creativity is defined by three key factors: novelty, feasibility and value. While many creativity tests focus primarily on novelty, they often neglect feasibility and value, thereby limiting their reflection of real-world creativity. In this study, we employ GPT-4, a large language model, to assess these three dimensions in a Japanese-language Alternative Uses Test (AUT). Using a crowdsourced evaluation method, we acquire ground truth data for 30 question items and test various GPT prompt designs. Our findings show that asking for multiple responses in a single prompt, using an 'explain first, rate later' design, is both cost-effective and accurate (r = .62, .59 and .33 for novelty, feasibility and value, respectively). Moreover, our method offers comparable accuracy to existing methods in assessing novelty, without the need for training data. We also evaluate additional models such as GPT-4 Turbo, GPT-4 Omni and Claude 3.5 Sonnet. Comparable performance across these models demonstrates the universal applicability of our prompt design. Our results contribute a straightforward platform for instant AUT evaluation and provide valuable ground truth data for future methodological research.","PeriodicalId":9300,"journal":{"name":"British journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141733636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Conceptualizing transgender experiences in psychology: Do we have a ‘true’ gender? 心理学中变性体验的概念化：我们有 "真正 "的性别吗？

IF 3.2 2区心理学

British journal of psychology Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12722

Emma F. Jackson, Kay Bussey

{"title":"Conceptualizing transgender experiences in psychology: Do we have a ‘true’ gender?","authors":"Emma F. Jackson, Kay Bussey","doi":"10.1111/bjop.12722","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjop.12722","url":null,"abstract":"Psychological research has acknowledged that the commonly accepted definitions of ‘transgender’, ‘sex’ and ‘gender’ within psychological research have resulted in limitations in accounting for the lived realities of transgender individuals. Such limitations include, but are not limited to, the continued pathologization of transgender experiences through idealizing sex and gender congruence and incapacity to account for non-normative and non-binary transition pathways. This paper provides a review of these limitations to first demonstrate how the incongruence definition of ‘transgender’ is reliant on the idea of a ‘true’ gender, and next suggest that problematising the idea of a ‘true’ gender allows new conceptions of transgender experiences to be advanced. To undertake this problematization, the work of Judith Butler and Sara Ahmed is used to consider how gender could be conceptualized otherwise in psychology and then applied to transgender experiences. In all, this paper theorizes transgender experiences without a reliance on the assertion of a true gender, to suggest instead a focus on contextualized transgender experiences. Last, the limitations and implications of this definition of transgender are briefly discussed. Overall, transgender experiences are conceptualized as those experiences that run counter to the dominant (re)production of binary sexed gender.","PeriodicalId":9300,"journal":{"name":"British journal of psychology","volume":"115 4","pages":"723-739"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bjop.12722","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141626065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

First impressions: Do faces with scars and palsies influence warmth, competence and humanization? 第一印象：有疤痕和麻痹的面孔会影响热情、能力和人性化吗？

IF 3.2 2区心理学

British journal of psychology Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12719

Mariola Paruzel-Czachura, Clifford I. Workman, Noha El Toukhy, Anjan Chatterjee

{"title":"First impressions: Do faces with scars and palsies influence warmth, competence and humanization?","authors":"Mariola Paruzel-Czachura, Clifford I. Workman, Noha El Toukhy, Anjan Chatterjee","doi":"10.1111/bjop.12719","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjop.12719","url":null,"abstract":"A glance is enough to assign psychological attributes to others. Attractiveness is associated with positive attributes (‘beauty-is-good’ stereotype). Here, we raise the question of a similar but negative bias. Are people with facial anomalies associated with negative personal characteristics? We hypothesized that biases against faces with anomalies arise because of negative stereotypes (less warmth and competence) and forms of dehumanization (animalistic and mechanistic). We enrolled 1493 mTurk participants (N = 1306 after exclusion) to assess 31 traits of photographed people using 60 pairs of photographs of the same person before and after plastic surgery. Half anomalous faces had a scar and the other half had a palsy. To calculate warmth and competence, we conducted a principal components analysis of the 31 attributes. Animalistic dehumanization was assessed by averaging reverse-scored ratings corresponding to moral sensibility and rationality/logic, and mechanistic dehumanization by averaging across reverse-scored ratings corresponding to emotional responsiveness and interpersonal warmth. We found that both kinds of anomalous faces were seen as less warm, competent and were dehumanized. Our findings suggest that an ‘anomalous-is-bad’ stereotype generalizes regardless of the aetiology of the anomaly. This effect may be related to a reverse halo effect, that is, the horn effect.","PeriodicalId":9300,"journal":{"name":"British journal of psychology","volume":"115 4","pages":"706-722"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bjop.12719","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141497205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identifying subtypes in persons, situations and person-situation interactions: Categorical latent state-trait modelling approaches. 识别人、情境和人-情境互动中的亚型：分类潜在状态-特征建模方法。

IF 3.2 2区心理学

British journal of psychology Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12718

Qimin Liu, David A Cole

{"title":"Identifying subtypes in persons, situations and person-situation interactions: Categorical latent state-trait modelling approaches.","authors":"Qimin Liu, David A Cole","doi":"10.1111/bjop.12718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12718","url":null,"abstract":"The latent state-trait theory posits that a psychological construct may reflect stable influences specific to a person (i.e., trait), ephemeral influences from situations (i.e., state), and interactions between them (i.e., state-trait interactions). Researchers conventionally apply mixture modelling to explore heterogeneity in variables by identifying homogenous classes with respect to the measured variable, yet rarely distinguishing between person- and situation-specific classes. The current study introduces novel categorical latent state-trait models to identify subgroups in states and traits, quantifying the effects of person-specific classes, situation-specific classes, and person-situation interactions. The proposed models are applied to an empirical dataset. We discuss statistical inference, effect size measures, and model visualization for the proposed models. Based on realistic parameter values from the empirical dataset, preliminary simulation studies were conducted to investigate models' performances. Bayesian estimation in the proposed models allows flexible testing of a wide range of hypotheses related to state, trait, and interaction effects. We discuss limitations and future directions.","PeriodicalId":9300,"journal":{"name":"British journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141455416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Decoding the language of first impressions: Comparing models of first impressions of faces derived from free-text descriptions and trait ratings. 解码第一印象语言：比较从自由文本描述和特质评分中得出的面孔第一印象模型。

IF 4 2区心理学

British journal of psychology Pub Date : 2024-06-17 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12717

Alex L Jones, Victor Shiramizu, Benedict C Jones

{"title":"Decoding the language of first impressions: Comparing models of first impressions of faces derived from free-text descriptions and trait ratings.","authors":"Alex L Jones, Victor Shiramizu, Benedict C Jones","doi":"10.1111/bjop.12717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12717","url":null,"abstract":"First impressions formed from facial appearance predict important social outcomes. Existing models of these impressions indicate they are underpinned by dimensions of Valence and Dominance, and are typically derived by applying data reduction methods to explicit ratings of faces for a range of traits. However, this approach is potentially problematic because the trait ratings may not fully capture the dimensions on which people spontaneously assess faces. Here, we used natural language processing to extract 'topics' directly from participants' free-text descriptions (i.e., their first impressions) of 2222 face images. Two topics emerged, reflecting first impressions related to positive emotional valence and warmth (Topic 1) and negative emotional valence and potential threat (Topic 2). Next, we investigated how these topics were related to Valence and Dominance components derived from explicit trait ratings. Collectively, these components explained only ~44% of the variance in the topics extracted from free-text descriptions and suggested that first impressions are underpinned by correlated valence dimensions that subsume the content of existing trait-rating-based models. Natural language offers a promising new avenue for understanding social cognition, and future work can examine the predictive utility of natural language and traditional data-driven models for impressions in varying social contexts.","PeriodicalId":9300,"journal":{"name":"British journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141417870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Explanation strategies in humans versus current explainable artificial intelligence: Insights from image classification. 人类与当前可解释人工智能的解释策略：图像分类的启示

IF 4 2区心理学

British journal of psychology Pub Date : 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12714

Ruoxi Qi, Yueyuan Zheng, Yi Yang, Caleb Chen Cao, Janet H Hsiao

{"title":"Explanation strategies in humans versus current explainable artificial intelligence: Insights from image classification.","authors":"Ruoxi Qi, Yueyuan Zheng, Yi Yang, Caleb Chen Cao, Janet H Hsiao","doi":"10.1111/bjop.12714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12714","url":null,"abstract":"Explainable AI (XAI) methods provide explanations of AI models, but our understanding of how they compare with human explanations remains limited. Here, we examined human participants' attention strategies when classifying images and when explaining how they classified the images through eye-tracking and compared their attention strategies with saliency-based explanations from current XAI methods. We found that humans adopted more explorative attention strategies for the explanation task than the classification task itself. Two representative explanation strategies were identified through clustering: One involved focused visual scanning on foreground objects with more conceptual explanations, which contained more specific information for inferring class labels, whereas the other involved explorative scanning with more visual explanations, which were rated higher in effectiveness for early category learning. Interestingly, XAI saliency map explanations had the highest similarity to the explorative attention strategy in humans, and explanations highlighting discriminative features from invoking observable causality through perturbation had higher similarity to human strategies than those highlighting internal features associated with higher class score. Thus, humans use both visual and conceptual information during explanation, which serve different purposes, and XAI methods that highlight features informing observable causality match better with human explanations, potentially more accessible to users.","PeriodicalId":9300,"journal":{"name":"British journal of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141300073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Staying in control: Characterizing the mechanisms underlying cognitive control in high and low arousal states 保持控制：描述高唤醒状态和低唤醒状态下的认知控制机制。

IF 3.2 2区心理学

British journal of psychology Pub Date : 2024-06-07 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12715

Clara Alameda, Chiara Avancini, Daniel Sanabria, Tristan A. Bekinschtein, Andrés Canales-Johnson, Luis F. Ciria

{"title":"Staying in control: Characterizing the mechanisms underlying cognitive control in high and low arousal states","authors":"Clara Alameda, Chiara Avancini, Daniel Sanabria, Tristan A. Bekinschtein, Andrés Canales-Johnson, Luis F. Ciria","doi":"10.1111/bjop.12715","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjop.12715","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout the day, humans show natural fluctuations in arousal that impact cognitive function. To study the behavioural dynamics of cognitive control during high and low arousal states, healthy participants performed an auditory conflict task during high-intensity physical exercise (N = 39) or drowsiness (N = 33). In line with the pre-registered hypotheses, conflict and conflict adaptation effects were preserved during both altered arousal states. Overall task performance was markedly poorer during low arousal, but not for high arousal. Modelling behavioural dynamics with drift diffusion analysis revealed evidence accumulation and non-decision time decelerated, and decisional boundaries became wider during low arousal, whereas high arousal was unexpectedly associated with a decrease in the interference of task-irrelevant information processing. These findings show how arousal differentially modulates cognitive control at both sides of normal alertness, and further validate drowsiness and physical exercise as key experimental models to disentangle the interaction between physiological fluctuations on cognitive dynamics.","PeriodicalId":9300,"journal":{"name":"British journal of psychology","volume":"115 4","pages":"665-682"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141283053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Status Importance Scale: Development and validation of a self-report questionnaire for measuring how much people care about status 地位重要性量表：开发并验证用于衡量人们对地位重视程度的自我报告问卷。

IF 3.2 2区心理学

British journal of psychology Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12716

Francesco Rigoli, Marco Mirolli

{"title":"The Status Importance Scale: Development and validation of a self-report questionnaire for measuring how much people care about status","authors":"Francesco Rigoli, Marco Mirolli","doi":"10.1111/bjop.12716","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjop.12716","url":null,"abstract":"Although substantial research indicates that considerations about status can lead to anxiety and other negative outcomes, a valid measure of the importance individuals attribute to status is lacking. This paper introduces the Status Importance Scale (SIS), a mono-factorial 10-item self-report questionnaire that quantifies how important a person deems status to be. Five studies validate the scale showing that it has excellent internal reliability and acceptable test–retest reliability, it correlates with several related measures (supporting convergent validity), it shows little correlation with theoretically unrelated constructs (supporting discriminant validity), it is the best predictor of conspicuous consumption compared with other potential candidates (supporting concurrent validity), and it can help predicting which activities one gives importance to (further supporting concurrent validity). Finally, as hypothesized by previous literature, the last study reveals that the SIS can predict status anxiety. The SIS can contribute to research regarding important phenomena such as the detrimental psychological effects of income inequality.","PeriodicalId":9300,"journal":{"name":"British journal of psychology","volume":"115 4","pages":"683-705"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bjop.12716","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141261065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Loneliness is associated with more trust but worse trustworthiness expectations 孤独与更多的信任有关，但与更差的信任度预期有关。

IF 3.2 2区心理学

British journal of psychology Pub Date : 2024-05-29 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12713

Gabriele Bellucci, Soyoung Q. Park

{"title":"Loneliness is associated with more trust but worse trustworthiness expectations","authors":"Gabriele Bellucci, Soyoung Q. Park","doi":"10.1111/bjop.12713","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjop.12713","url":null,"abstract":"Subjective feelings of loneliness emerge due to unsatisfactory social relationships, representing a major risk for mental and physical well-being. Despite its social nature, evidence on how loneliness affects social behaviours and expectations is lacking. Using Bayesian analyses and economic games, we show in three different studies that lonelier individuals trusted their partners to a greater extent despite less favourable trustworthiness expectations, showing a greater discrepancy between their trusting behaviours and their expectations of others' trustworthiness. Such discrepancy was reversed in extravert individuals who also reported to be less lonely. These results provide evidence on two opposing effects of loneliness as a motivator for social connections and promoter of social withdrawal, and demonstrate the moderating role of personality traits. This work contributes to a better understanding of how loneliness impacts social behaviour and social expectations, with important downstream clinical implications for varying health conditions associated with heightened feelings of loneliness.","PeriodicalId":9300,"journal":{"name":"British journal of psychology","volume":"115 4","pages":"641-664"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bjop.12713","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141160761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0