BioEssays最新文献

{"title":"From cancer to pluripotent stem cells–A long and winding road","authors":"Peter W. Andrews","doi":"10.1002/bies.202400192","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bies.202400192","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We are now on the cusp of realizing the promise of Pluripotent Stem Cells (PSCs) as powerful tools for exploring disease mechanisms, facilitating the discovery of new drugs and replacing diseased or damaged tissues, just 26 years since Jamie Thomson first described the long-term culture of human embryonic stem (ES) cells,<sup>[</sup><span><sup>1</sup></span><sup>]</sup> and 18 years since Shinya Yamanaka discovered how to reprogram somatic cells to produce induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells with a state equivalent to that of ES cells.<sup>[</sup><span><sup>2</sup></span><sup>]</sup> But this field has a much longer experimental history, stretching back to 1954 when Leroy Stevens first described the propensity of male laboratory mice of the 129 inbred strain to develop testicular teratomas.<sup>[</sup><span><sup>3</sup></span><sup>]</sup> In many ways, the PSC field provides a striking example of how science develops through a labyrinth of pathways–some successful, some not so successful, sometimes leading in unexpected directions and arriving in places far removed from those originally envisaged.</p><p>So much of modern life depends on technology that we often take for granted and, consequently, we pay little attention to how the underlying science developed–who did it, and why? A case in point is our recent experience of the Covid pandemic. As that fades in our collective memory, we forget how remarkable it was that within a year of the first cases being identified in China, the virus had been isolated, its genome sequenced, rapid assays based upon PCR developed and innovative vaccines produced. However, the knowledge that made possible that rapid response to Covid came from diverse research stretching back over the past century or more–the identification of DNA and later RNA as carriers of genetic information, the deciphering of the genetic code, and recognition of its universality to all living organisms, the understanding of the mechanisms that protect some bacteria from infection with some viruses, leading to the discovery of restriction enzymes used as tools for DNA sequencing, or the discovery of heat stable Taq polymerase in bacteria growing in hot volcanic springs that allowed the development of PCR. Yet none of this research was remotely driven by thoughts of solving the problems of a novel viral pandemic. It was mostly impelled by the curiosity of individual scientists, with funding often provided through peer-reviewed grants focused on increasing basic knowledge, not trying to solve specific practical problems. It was also supported by teamwork and widespread open communication between the different research groups involved, many in different countries, an atmosphere well captured by Horace Judson in his book, “<i>The Eighth Day of Creation</i>,” about the development of molecular biology.<sup>[</sup><span><sup>4</sup></span><sup>]</sup> Yet it often seems that we are in danger of ignoring these lessons as governments, funding ag","PeriodicalId":9264,"journal":{"name":"BioEssays","volume":"46 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bies.202400192","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142715437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BioEssays 12/2024","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/bies.202470019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.202470019","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Human pluripotent stem cells can differentiate to all cells of the body, including those of the heart. The heart contains multiple cell types but the contractile cells are called cardiomyocytes. In article 2400078, Christine Mummery describes her serendipitous finding on how to induce differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into cardiomyocytes by co-culture with visceral endoderm. This was later reproduced in human induced pluripotent stem cells using growth factors. The contractile apparatus of cardiomyocytes, which consists of structures called sarcomeres, is clearly evident in these cells after antibody staining. hiPSC can be derived from patients with different cardiac diseases. Cardiomyocytes from these hiPSC often capture patient phenotypes. This has led both to new insights into mechanisms underlying genetic cardiac diseases, like myopathies or arrhythmias, and created opportunities for discovering new drugs to treat these conditions and to assess their cardiac safety, without using animal models.</p><p>The image shows immunofluorescent staining of sarcomeres, the contractile units of the human heart, in cardiomycytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Staining is for cardiac Troponin T (green) and α-sarcomeric actinin (red). Nuclei are stained blue with Hoechst. Credit to Viviana Meraviglia.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":9264,"journal":{"name":"BioEssays","volume":"46 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bies.202470019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142724231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information: BioEssays 12/2024","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/bies.202470020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.202470020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9264,"journal":{"name":"BioEssays","volume":"46 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bies.202470020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142737540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The LINE-1 paradox: Active yet immobile.","authors":"Anne-Valerie Gendrel","doi":"10.1002/bies.202400256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.202400256","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9264,"journal":{"name":"BioEssays","volume":" ","pages":"e2400256"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142726155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ubiquitin and Ubiquitin-Like Modifications in Organelle Stress Signaling: Ub, Ub, Ub, Ub, Stayin' Alive, Stayin' Alive.","authors":"Elodie Lafont, Eric Chevet","doi":"10.1002/bies.202400230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.202400230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to various intracellular and external cues, cellular organelles are frequently stressed in both physiological and pathological conditions. Sensing these stresses initiates various signaling pathways which may lead to adaptation of the stressed cells or trigger its their death. At the unicellular level, this stress signaling involves a crosstalk between different organelles. At the multicellular level, such pathways can contribute to indicate the presence of a stressed cell to its neighboring cells. Here, we highlight the crucial and diverse roles played by Ubiquitin and Ubiquitin-like modification in organelle stress signaling.</p>","PeriodicalId":9264,"journal":{"name":"BioEssays","volume":" ","pages":"e202400230"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142726163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BioEssays 12/2024","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/bies.202470021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.202470021","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Human pluripotent stem cells acquire mutations in culture. The resulting genetically variant cells that possess advantageous phenotypes are selected in culture over time, eventually leading to their overtake. In article 2400062, John Vales and Ivana Barbaric highlight a collection of genetic variations that are recurrently found in stem cell culture. The authors also recollect how our understanding of genetically variant human pluripotent stem cells has grown over the past 20 years since the discovery of these aberrant cells in 2004, particularly bringing attention to the phenotypes associated with specific recurrent variants, how these are similar to those found in cancer cells, and how they might affect the applications of human pluripotent stem cells in both clinical and research settings.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":9264,"journal":{"name":"BioEssays","volume":"46 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bies.202470021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142737539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction.","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/bies.202400269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.202400269","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9264,"journal":{"name":"BioEssays","volume":" ","pages":"e202400269"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142726136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Art of Chilling Out: How Neurons Regulate Torpor.","authors":"Akinobu Ohba, Hiroshi Yamaguchi","doi":"10.1002/bies.202400190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.202400190","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endothermic animals expend significant energy to maintain high body temperatures, which offers adaptability to varying environmental conditions. However, this high metabolic rate requires increased food intake. In conditions of low environmental temperature and scarce food resources, some endothermic animals enter a hypometabolic state known as torpor to conserve energy. Torpor involves a marked reduction in body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, and locomotor activity, enabling energy conservation. Despite their biological significance and potential medical applications, the neuronal mechanisms regulating torpor still need to be fully understood. Recent studies have focused on fasting-induced daily torpor in mice due to their suitability for advanced neuroscientific techniques. In this review, we highlight recent advances that extend our understanding of neuronal mechanisms regulating torpor. We also discuss unresolved issues in this research field and future directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9264,"journal":{"name":"BioEssays","volume":" ","pages":"e202400190"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142726149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Queuosine tRNA Modification: Connecting the Microbiome to the Translatome.","authors":"Sherif Rashad","doi":"10.1002/bies.202400213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.202400213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transfer RNA (tRNA) modifications play an important role in regulating mRNA translation at the codon level. tRNA modifications can influence codon selection and optimality, thus shifting translation toward specific sets of mRNAs in a dynamic manner. Queuosine (Q) is a tRNA modification occurring at the wobble position. In eukaryotes, queuosine is synthesized by the tRNA-guanine trans-glycosylase (TGT) complex, which incorporates the nucleobase queuine (or Qbase) into guanine of the GUN anticodons. Queuine is sourced from gut bacteria and dietary intake. Q was recently shown to be critical for cellular responses to oxidative and mitochondrial stresses, as well as its potential role in neurodegenerative diseases and brain health. These unique features of Q provide an interesting insight into the regulation of mRNA translation by gut bacteria, and the potential health implications. In this review, Q biology is examined in the light of recent literature and nearly 4 decades of research. Q's role in neuropsychiatric diseases and cancer is highlighted and discussed. Given the recent interest in Q, and the new findings, more research is needed to fully comprehend its biological function and disease relevance, especially in neurobiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":9264,"journal":{"name":"BioEssays","volume":" ","pages":"e2400213"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142726081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ubiquitin-Independent Degradation: An Emerging PROTAC Approach?","authors":"Tiantian Li, Saskia A Hogenhout, Weijie Huang","doi":"10.1002/bies.202400161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.202400161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Targeted protein degradation (TPD) has emerged as a highly promising approach for eliminating disease-associated proteins in the field of drug discovery. Among the most advanced TPD technologies, PROteolysis TArgeting Chimera (PROTAC), functions by bringing a protein of interest (POI) into proximity with an E3 ubiquitin ligase, leading to ubiquitin (Ub)-dependent proteasomal degradation. However, the designs of most PROTACs are based on the utilization of a limited number of available E3 ligases, which significantly restricts their potential. Recent studies have shown that phytoplasmas, a group of bacterial plant pathogens, have developed several E3- and ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradation (UbInPD) mechanisms for breaking down host targets. This suggests an alternative approach for substrate recruitment and TPD. Here, we present existing evidence that supports the feasibility of UbInPD in eukaryotic cells and propose candidate proteins that can serve as docking sites for the development of E3-independent PROTACs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9264,"journal":{"name":"BioEssays","volume":" ","pages":"e202400161"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142726175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}