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STMN2: Membrane-Binding Microtubule Regulator or Tubulin Effector? STMN2：膜结合微管调节剂还是微管蛋白效应剂？
IF 3.3 3区 生物学
BioEssays Pub Date : 2026-11-05 DOI: 10.1002/bies.70200
Xiang Deng, Timothy Mitchison
{"title":"STMN2: Membrane-Binding Microtubule Regulator or Tubulin Effector?","authors":"Xiang Deng,&nbsp;Timothy Mitchison","doi":"10.1002/bies.70200","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bies.70200","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>STMN2, a protein implicated in motor neuron degeneration, is widely viewed as a membrane-associated microtubule inhibitor, but emerging evidence challenges whether this activity defined its cellular function. Three alternative models integrates available evidence to offer perspectives beyond microtubule regulation. The vesicle cargo adaptor model proposes that STMN2 recruits diverse cargos to transport vesicles for axonal delivery. The membrane-bound signaling messenger model links STMN2 turnover to local signaling, effector, degradation, or effector release. The traffic director model proposes that STMN2 regulates cargo routing between delivery and degradative pathways. These models are not mutually exclusive and position tubulin binding as a regulator of STMN2 function rather than its defining activity.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9264,"journal":{"name":"BioEssays","volume":"48 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149332619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Higher-Order Protein Organization: Extending From Four to Nine Levels 高阶蛋白质组织：从4级扩展到9级
IF 3.3 3区 生物学
BioEssays Pub Date : 2026-11-02 DOI: 10.1002/bies.70201
Ji-Long Liu
{"title":"Higher-Order Protein Organization: Extending From Four to Nine Levels","authors":"Ji-Long Liu","doi":"10.1002/bies.70201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.70201","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The classical protein structure hierarchy—primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary—defines oligomeric complexes as the upper limit of molecular organization. However, accumulating evidence reveals that metabolic enzymes, including CTP synthase (CTPS) and Δ<sup>1</sup>-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS), assemble into long-lived, filamentous structures in vivo that extend beyond this traditional framework. Here, I propose a nine-level structural continuum spanning from the primary amino acid sequence to integrated cytoophidium networks. This taxonomy employs Latin numerals to categorise these structured nested architectures, thereby distinguishing them from transient quinary interactions and the labile nature of biomolecular associations. Terms such as quinternary (metabolic filaments), senary (metabolic cables), septenary (metabolic meshes), octonary (cytoophidia), and nonary (cytoophidium complexes) replace ambiguous descriptors like ‘metabolic foci’ or ‘aggregates.’ Crucially, this framework establishes higher-order assemblies as an emerging paradigm of cellular compartmentation. Given the widespread conservation of these structures across the three domains of life, this taxonomy provides a conceptual foundation for understanding how cells construct complexity beyond membrane-bound systems.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9264,"journal":{"name":"BioEssays","volume":"48 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149310931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Scabrous as a Positive Regulator of the Cis-Inhibition of Notch 粗砂作为Notch顺式抑制的正向调节因子
IF 3.3 3区 生物学
BioEssays Pub Date : 2026-11-02 DOI: 10.1002/bies.70202
Francois Schweisguth
{"title":"Scabrous as a Positive Regulator of the Cis-Inhibition of Notch","authors":"Francois Schweisguth","doi":"10.1002/bies.70202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.70202","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Notch receptors play numerous roles during development and throughout adult life, and the regulation of Notch signaling life has been studied in detail during normal development and in disease contexts. Scabrous is a large extracellular protein interacting with Notch that was identified genetically as a positive regulator of Notch signaling in <i>Drosophila</i>. Scabrous is a secreted protein that is usually thought to diffuse away from its source to interact with the extracellular domain of Notch and thereby promotes receptor activation in distant cells. However, how Scabrous regulates Notch activity has remained unclear. Here, I will re-examine the published findings about the role of Scabrous and hypothesize that Scabrous acts in endosomes to regulate the cis-inhibition of Notch.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9264,"journal":{"name":"BioEssays","volume":"48 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149310932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Issue Information: BioEssays 11/2026 期刊信息：BioEssays 11/2026
IF 3.3 3区 生物学
BioEssays Pub Date : 2026-11-02 DOI: 10.1002/bies.70205
{"title":"Issue Information: BioEssays 11/2026","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/bies.70205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.70205","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9264,"journal":{"name":"BioEssays","volume":"48 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bies.70205","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149310930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Twinfilin-Mediated Uncapping and Post-Uncapping Barbed-End Fate 双螺旋蛋白介导的脱帽和脱帽后的带刺末端命运
IF 3.3 3区 生物学
BioEssays Pub Date : 2026-10-23 DOI: 10.1002/bies.70199
Thanh Huu Phan Ngo, Wan Lee
{"title":"Twinfilin-Mediated Uncapping and Post-Uncapping Barbed-End Fate","authors":"Thanh Huu Phan Ngo,&nbsp;Wan Lee","doi":"10.1002/bies.70199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.70199","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twinfilin regulates actin monomers, filament ends, and capping protein (CP), yet its perturbation produces different F-actin responses across cellular systems. We propose that CP dissociation and subsequent barbed-end fate are sequential events that can be regulated separately. Evidence from budding-yeast actin patches and mammalian lamellipodia supports uncapping followed by shortening or turnover. Exposed ends may also be recapped or elongate, depending on CP rebinding, nucleotide state, polymerizable actin, and end-associated factors. A reconstituted mDia1 pathway demonstrates one elongation route, whose cellular relevance remains unresolved. State-matched assays show that filament age affects cooperative CP dissociation without establishing subsequent fate. The hypothesis predicts that changing uncapping kinetics need not proportionally change F-actin, and that fate distributions can shift when uncapping kinetics remain comparable. Continuous tracking of CP departure and subsequent behavior at the same end would test these predictions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9264,"journal":{"name":"BioEssays","volume":"48 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149258927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Actuator Transcription Factors Resolve Combinatorial Binding Into Productive Gene Expression 致动器转录因子解决组合结合到生产基因表达
IF 3.3 3区 生物学
BioEssays Pub Date : 2026-10-23 DOI: 10.1002/bies.70198
Nicoletta Bobola, Zoulfia Darieva
{"title":"Actuator Transcription Factors Resolve Combinatorial Binding Into Productive Gene Expression","authors":"Nicoletta Bobola,&nbsp;Zoulfia Darieva","doi":"10.1002/bies.70198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.70198","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Gene expression programs are central to life, as they establish and preserve cell identity during embryonic development and maintain tissue function in adulthood. When disrupted, they can give rise to a wide range of diseases. Precise gene regulation depends on the combinatorial binding of transcription factors (TFs) at enhancers, yet how these assemblies convert DNA binding into productive transcription remains poorly understood. Here, we propose that productive combinatorial binding can involve a distinct functional class of TFs, which we term transcriptional actuators. Using MEIS proteins as a paradigm, we define the core features that distinguish actuator TFs from other regulatory factors. Actuators are broadly expressed, sequence-specific TFs that function predominantly as transcriptional activators and execute transcriptional programs specified by lineage-restricted TFs. Finally, we outline experimental strategies to test actuator function, discuss evolutionary. implications, and explore how incorporating actuator TFs may enhance cellular reprogramming and regenerative strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9264,"journal":{"name":"BioEssays","volume":"48 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bies.70198","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149258928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Taming Mre11–Rad50 at Telomeres: Convergent Strategies for Chromosome-End Protection Across Evolution 在端粒上驯服Mre11-Rad50：进化中染色体末端保护的趋同策略。
IF 3.3 3区 生物学
BioEssays Pub Date : 2026-10-21 DOI: 10.1002/bies.70197
Florian Roisné-Hamelin, Stephan Gruber
{"title":"Taming Mre11–Rad50 at Telomeres: Convergent Strategies for Chromosome-End Protection Across Evolution","authors":"Florian Roisné-Hamelin,&nbsp;Stephan Gruber","doi":"10.1002/bies.70197","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bies.70197","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Telomere biology is often framed as a uniquely eukaryotic problem, yet the challenges of maintaining DNA ends are shared by all organisms harboring linear DNA, including viral entities. Telomeres enable complete replication of chromosome ends while shielding the termini from DNA repair factors and innate immune surveillance systems that would otherwise recognize them as damaged or foreign DNA. A particular threat is posed by Mre11-Rad50, a nuclease complex conserved from bacteria to humans that specializes in the detection and processing of DNA ends. The solutions to these DNA end-related challenges that have emerged across the tree of life converge on a small number of recurring strategies. Here, we review how diverse biological systems, from bacteriophages to mammals, have solved the DNA end-related challenges, with a particular focus on recent advances in our understanding of end protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":9264,"journal":{"name":"BioEssays","volume":"48 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13685816/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149236963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Biological Systems as Physical Data Processors: Evolution as a Case of Embodied Computing 作为物理数据处理器的生物系统：作为具身计算案例的进化
IF 3.3 3区 生物学
BioEssays Pub Date : 2026-10-09 DOI: 10.1002/bies.70196
Víctor de Lorenzo
{"title":"Biological Systems as Physical Data Processors: Evolution as a Case of Embodied Computing","authors":"Víctor de Lorenzo","doi":"10.1002/bies.70196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.70196","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The prevailing view of biological evolution is not unlike bricolage/pastiche/tinkering—in sharp contrast with rational engineering. Yet, different paths often lead to solutions that coincide or converge whether they emerge from naturally-occurring evolution or rationally designed. Such a conjunction—often presented as an anecdote—reveals the ability of biological systems to explore solution spaces and gravitate toward information-rich attractors, which can be found through different routes. This scenario evokes one of embodied computing, a non-conventional type of data processing in which the solution to a problem is not delivered through numerical calculations but through its implementation in a material object. Once left to undergo a physical process the object manages a large number of parameters for reaching a multi objective optimum through thermodynamically-driven processes. The course of information is thus a physical flow and the outcome is a physical currency. The consequences of this notion for bioengineering are remarkable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9264,"journal":{"name":"BioEssays","volume":"48 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bies.70196","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149146708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Interplay Between Motor Proteins and Microtubule Stability: Involvement of Tubulin PTMs and MAPs 运动蛋白与微管稳定性之间的相互作用：微管蛋白PTMs和map的参与
IF 3.3 3区 生物学
BioEssays Pub Date : 2026-10-09 DOI: 10.1002/bies.70192
Pelin Zobaroğlu-Özer, Gamze Bora-Akoğlu
{"title":"Interplay Between Motor Proteins and Microtubule Stability: Involvement of Tubulin PTMs and MAPs","authors":"Pelin Zobaroğlu-Özer,&nbsp;Gamze Bora-Akoğlu","doi":"10.1002/bies.70192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.70192","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Microtubules and motor proteins are components of a cytoskeleton that influence each other to maintain cellular functions. Microtubules act as tracks for motor protein-driven intracellular transport of organelles, vesicles, and macromolecules; therefore, their structural organization and stability are important. Kinesin and dynein motor proteins function not only as cargo transporters but also as contributors to the regulation of microtubule organization, stability, and interactions. The interaction of motor proteins and microtubules is essential for cellular homeostasis, and dysregulations can affect motility-dependent cellular processes such as intracellular trafficking and cell division. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the relationship between motor proteins and factors associated with microtubule stability, particularly tubulin post-translational modifications and microtubule-associated proteins and discuss how alterations in these processes associate with disease.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9264,"journal":{"name":"BioEssays","volume":"48 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149146361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Partition Code: How RNA Modifications Set the Address of Transcripts Among Membraneless Compartments 分区代码：RNA修饰如何在无膜区室中设置转录本的地址
IF 3.3 3区 生物学
BioEssays Pub Date : 2026-10-09 DOI: 10.1002/bies.70194
Hidenori Tani
{"title":"The Partition Code: How RNA Modifications Set the Address of Transcripts Among Membraneless Compartments","authors":"Hidenori Tani","doi":"10.1002/bies.70194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.70194","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Where a transcript goes among a cell's membraneless compartments—stress granules, P-bodies, paraspeckles, nuclear speckles—is an addressable, rewritable property that this article proposes chemical modifications of RNA help write. The code's output depends on the transcript's role: for client messenger RNAs, an apparent partition coefficient (K<sub>part</sub>), its enrichment in a condensate; for the rare long noncoding RNAs acting as architectural scaffolds, the saturation concentration that decides whether the compartment forms at all. This client/scaffold asymmetry is the framework's central proposal, its scaffold arm as yet untested. Only m6A has cellular partitioning evidence; A-to-I editing sets nuclear address by a related route, and the remaining marks are candidates or structure-based predictions. The value is a variable and a falsifiable test: perturb a mark at fixed sequence and state, and ask whether the address moves. It reframes scattered epitranscriptomic and condensate biology as one control problem.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9264,"journal":{"name":"BioEssays","volume":"48 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149146727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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