British journal of hospital medicine最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of the Correlation Between Vertebrobasilar Artery Characteristics and the Occurrence Risk and Disease Condition of Hemifacial Spasm.","authors":"Jiayang Shen, Xingyue Hu","doi":"10.31083/BJHM53106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/BJHM53106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims/background: </strong>It remains unclear whether vascular characteristics or hemodynamics of the vertebrobasilar artery (VBA) among patients with left- and right-sided hemifacial spasm (HFS) lesions correlate with the risk of HFS occurrence and disease severity. This study aims to investigate the correlation of VBA characteristics with the incidence risk and severity of HFS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 60 patients with HFS who were admitted to Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, between January and October 2024 were retrospectively enrolled in the HFS group. Another 59 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations were assigned to the control group. Data on the characteristics of the VBA were collected for both groups, and the correlation between these characteristics and the occurrence risk of HFS was analyzed. In addition, patients in the HFS group were further stratified according to the lesion side (left vs right) and HFS severity grade (mild vs moderate vs severe) for subgroup analysis and comparison of VBA imaging features.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The diameters of the left vertebral artery (VA), right VA, and basilar artery in the HFS group were all found to be larger than those in the control group, and the difference in the diameter of the left VA between the two groups was more significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the diameter of the left VA (odds ratio [OR] = 4.014, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.997-8.070), the diameter of the right VA (OR = 3.890, 95% CI: 2.217-6.825), and the diameter of the basilar artery (OR = 2.022, 95% CI: 1.008-4.058) were independent influencing factors for the occurrence of HFS (<i>p</i> < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the diameters of the VA and basilar artery among patients with severe, moderate, and mild HFS (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The diameters of the left VA, right VA, and basilar artery are significantly correlated with the occurrence of HFS, while the severity of the disease shows no correlation with the diameter of the ipsilateral VA. This suggests that the morphological changes of the VBA system may play an important role in the pathogenesis of HFS.</p>","PeriodicalId":9256,"journal":{"name":"British journal of hospital medicine","volume":"87 4","pages":"53106"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147762905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Update on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension: Diagnostic Imaging and Treatment Pathways in a New Era.","authors":"Cameron Forward, Brian McCullagh, Sean Gaine, Syed Rehan Quadery","doi":"10.31083/BJHM53105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/BJHM53105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a rare, chronic, progressive, and life-limiting condition with a poor five-year survival in untreated patients with advanced disease. Multi-modality imaging techniques are used in making the diagnosis and determining treatment options in CTEPH. Pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) surgery is the treatment of choice in selected patients, providing excellent long-term survival. Balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) is an established intervention for selected patients who are not suitable for surgery. Riociguat, a soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator, is a vasodilator and indicated in patients with inoperable disease. In this state-of-the-art review, we provide an update in the diagnostic evaluation with a focus on imaging modalities, treatment strategies, and future directions in CTEPH.</p>","PeriodicalId":9256,"journal":{"name":"British journal of hospital medicine","volume":"87 4","pages":"53105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147763062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective Analysis of Dronedarone Versus Amiodarone on Outcomes Following Radiofrequency Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation.","authors":"Yun Shi, Xueying Shi, Huanming Li, Xiufeng Gu, Ting Zhang, Guanyi Zhang","doi":"10.31083/BJHM53024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/BJHM53024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims/background: </strong>Pharmacological therapy can enhance the therapeutic efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for atrial fibrillation (AF) and reduce the risk of recurrence. Dronedarone and amiodarone are two commonly prescribed adjuvant medications. However, no consensus exists on which agent demonstrates superior efficacy. This study aimed to compare the effects of dronedarone and amiodarone on the prognosis of patients undergoing RFA for AF, thereby providing evidence-based guidance for clinical medication selection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on AF patients who underwent RFA in Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital between August 2022 and May 2023. Patients were assigned to a dronedarone group (<i>n</i> = 50), and an amiodarone group (<i>n</i> = 59) based on the postoperative medication received. Postoperatively, patients were treated with either dronedarone hydrochloride tablets or amiodarone hydrochloride tablets for 6 months. Long-term electrocardiographic monitoring (7-day duration via 5G network) was performed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively to assess recurrence of atrial arrhythmias. Follow-up assessments at the same intervals included thyroid, liver, and renal function, left atrial diameter (LAD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and QT interval.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No statistically significant difference was observed in AF recurrence between the two groups (<i>p</i> > 0.05). The incidence of thyroid dysfunction was significantly lower in the dronedarone group compared with the amiodarone group (<i>p</i> < 0.05), whereas other adverse events showed no significant difference (<i>p</i> > 0.05). In both groups, postoperative LVEF was significantly higher than preoperative values (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and LAD was significantly reduced (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Comparing the two groups, postoperative LAD was significantly smaller in the dronedarone group than in the amiodarone group (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while postoperative LVEF exhibited no statistically significant difference (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dronedarone and amiodarone are similarly effective in reducing the AF recurrence after RFA. However, dronedarone is associated with a lower risk of thyroid dysfunction and confers greater improvement in left atrial remodelling.</p>","PeriodicalId":9256,"journal":{"name":"British journal of hospital medicine","volume":"87 4","pages":"53024"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147763052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 56-Year-Old Male Patient With 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency Presenting With Fatigue: A Case Report.","authors":"Shunmei Huang, Weizhen Wu, Yue Wu, Jiaqiu Wang, Lijun Zhu, Yunmei Yang, Qin Zhang","doi":"10.31083/BJHM53026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/BJHM53026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims/background: </strong>Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) results from 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD), which is the most frequent form of CAH and often presents with atypical symptoms. Patients with non-classic 21-OHD (NC-21-OHD) are particularly susceptible to diagnostic challenges, including misdiagnosis and underdiagnosis. This study reports a case of NC-21-OHD and underscores the associated challenges in its diagnosis, treatment, and clinical management.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>This study reports a 56-year-old male patient who presented with fatigue lasting over a year. Initial ultrasound revealed a hypoechoic mass above the left kidney, and further evaluation, including renal tumor evaluation and computed tomography angiography, indicated thickening of the adrenal glands and multiple lesions. Endocrinological assessment revealed reduced luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormone levels, along with elevated dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and abnormal corticotropin, ultimately diagnosing the patient with primary adrenal insufficiency. Furthermore, genetic screening identified heterozygous mutations in the <i>CYP21A2</i> (cytochrome P450, family 21, sub-family A, polypeptide 2) gene, confirming CAH due to NC-21-OHD. The patient was treated with hydrocortisone at a dosage of 20 mg twice a day.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hydrocortisone therapy resulted in a significant alleviation of fatigue symptoms and a substantial reduction in 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) levels, thereby enhancing the patient's confidence in disease management.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case emphasizes the significance of early recognition of nonspecific symptoms, prompt diagnosis, and timely treatment in managing CAH to enhance the overall quality of life and reproductive health in affected individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":9256,"journal":{"name":"British journal of hospital medicine","volume":"87 4","pages":"53026"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147762766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome During Immunotherapy in Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Case Report.","authors":"Yunyin Feng, Yan Yang, Liren Ding","doi":"10.31083/BJHM53025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/BJHM53025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims/background: </strong>Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is a rare autoimmune disorder of the neuromuscular junction that is frequently associated with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). It is characterized by proximal muscle weakness, reduced deep tendon reflexes, and autonomic symptoms, all of which can significantly impair quality of life and complicate oncologic management. Early recognition and timely intervention are crucial to improving clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report a case of a 76-year-old man with extensive-stage SCLC and chronic renal insufficiency whose LEMS worsened during durvalumab immunotherapy. Despite continued chemotherapy and immunotherapy, his symptoms progressively worsened. Chemotherapy failed to improve his neurological condition, with subsequent recurrent episodes of muscle weakness. Subsequent administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) combined with pyridostigmine led to marked neurological improvement and restoration of muscle strength to grade 5, enabling continuation of antitumor therapy. The patient subsequently received three cycles of second-line lurbinectedin chemotherapy, during which inflammatory responses, anemia, and venous thrombosis developed but were effectively managed with supportive treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following chemotherapy and immunotherapy, the patient's limb muscle strength recovered to grade 5, followed by recurrent muscle weakness symptoms. Hematologic and biochemical parameters gradually normalized, and inflammatory markers returned to baseline. At discharge, his clinical condition was stable.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights the importance of early recognition and standardized management of paraneoplastic LEMS in enhancing functional recovery and enabling the safe continuation of antitumor therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9256,"journal":{"name":"British journal of hospital medicine","volume":"87 4","pages":"53025"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147763042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Value of High-Channel 12-Lead Holter in Assisting Early Identification of Arrhythmias in High-Risk Populations.","authors":"Lin Hu, Xiaohong Ji","doi":"10.31083/BJHM52968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/BJHM52968","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims/background: </strong>Cardiac arrhythmias are common in high-risk populations, often presenting paroxysmally and asymptomatically, leading to missed diagnoses and increased cardiovascular risks. This study aimed to retrospectively analyze the clinical value of high-channel 12-lead Holter electrocardiogram (ECG) in the early identification of arrhythmias in high-risk populations and to provide a reference for cardiovascular risk prevention and control in these groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinical data from 300 patients who met the criteria for high-risk populations and received diagnosis and treatment in Zibo Central Hospital from August 2023 to June 2024 were retrospectively collected. All patients underwent both routine 12-lead ECG examination and high-channel 12-lead Holter monitoring during the same period. The detection rates of atrial fibrillation, frequent ventricular premature beats (≥30 beats/h), frequent atrial premature beats (≥100 beats/24 h), and atrioventricular block were compared between the two modalities using appropriate statistical tests. Univariate logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with positive arrhythmia detection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall arrhythmia detection rate of the high-channel 12-lead Holter (35.0%) was significantly higher than that of the routine 12-lead ECG (20.0%) (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The Holter showed significant advantages in detecting atrial fibrillation (11.7% <i>vs</i> 6.0%, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and frequent ventricular premature beats (14.3% <i>vs</i> 7.7%, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Univariate logistic regression revealed that smoking history, drinking history, hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart failure, higher body mass index (BMI) and type 2 diabetes mellitus were significantly associated with positive arrhythmia detection by Holter (all <i>p</i> < 0.001). Similar patterns were observed for routine ECG, except for diabetes and BMI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In high-risk populations, the high-channel 12-lead Holter is highly valuable for screening paroxysmal and intermittent arrhythmias (especially atrial fibrillation and frequent ventricular premature beats). It can serve as an effective supplement to the routine ECG, providing a key basis for the early and accurate detection and intervention of arrhythmias in high-risk groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":9256,"journal":{"name":"British journal of hospital medicine","volume":"87 4","pages":"52968"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147762943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mucosal Immunity and Autoimmune Diseases: New Perspectives From Mechanisms to Treatment.","authors":"Hai-Fen Wei, Harry Asena Musonye, Sha-Sha Tao, Hai-Feng Pan","doi":"10.31083/BJHM52971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/BJHM52971","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autoimmune diseases (ADs) impose a significant and growing burden on global health. Emerging studies indicate that dysregulation of the mucosal immunity is not merely a consequence of disease progression but often represents a critical sentinel event that triggers autoimmune responses. This review explores a paradigm shift in the understanding of ADs pathogenesis, moving away from an exclusive emphasis on systemic immune imbalance towards a perspective centered on mucosal immune abnormalities characterized by mucosal barrier dysfunction and microbiota dysbiosis. We synthesize the principal mechanisms through which mucosal immunity contributes to the onset and progression of ADs and critically evaluate emerging therapeutic strategies. These insights offer new opportunities for precision medicine approaches that intervene at the mucosal origins of ADs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9256,"journal":{"name":"British journal of hospital medicine","volume":"87 4","pages":"52971"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147762954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influencing Factors and a Predictive Model for Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Hyperuricemia Treated With Febuxostat.","authors":"Xiaojun Chen, Yuqun Chen, Wenxian Xu, Ying Lv, Yunxian Chen","doi":"10.31083/BJHM52969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/BJHM52969","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims/background: </strong>The incidence of hyperuricemia is increasing globally, and febuxostat is a commonly used therapeutic agent. Investigating the relationship between febuxostat therapy and cardiovascular events in patients with hyperuricemia is of significant clinical value. This study aimed to construct a cardiovascular event prediction model for patients with hyperuricemia treated with febuxostat and to analyze factors associated with cardiovascular events, to provide a basis for clinical risk management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-center retrospective cohort study enrolled patients with hyperuricemia who were treated with febuxostat at Quzhou Municipal People's Hospital between January 2021 and January 2024 and were followed up at 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment. Baseline information, including age, body mass index, and medical history, was collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using binary logistic regression to identify influencing and predictive factors, and a cardiovascular event risk prediction model was established. The predictive performance and clinical applicability of the model were evaluated using nomograms, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 700 patients with hyperuricemia receiving febuxostat were included, and the incidence of cardiovascular events during follow-up was 19.0%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.05), prior hypertension (OR = 5.10), and body mass index (BMI, OR = 1.22) as independent predictors of cardiovascular events. Based on these variables, the established prediction model demonstrated good discriminatory ability, with a high area under the curve (AUC). The AUC of the nomogram model was 0.80 (0.74-0.85) in the training set and 0.78 (0.69-0.87) in the validation set. The calibration curve showed good agreement (Hosmer-Lemeshow test, <i>p</i> > 0.05). Decision curve analysis indicated a significant net clinical benefit.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The cardiovascular event prediction model developed in this study demonstrates good predictive performance and may serve as a useful clinical tool for cardiovascular risk assessment in patients with hyperuricemia. Age, BMI, and prior hypertension are important independent risk factors for cardiovascular events in patients with hyperuricemia. Future multicenter, long-term prospective studies are warranted to further validate the generalizability of this model and the cardiovascular safety of febuxostat treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9256,"journal":{"name":"British journal of hospital medicine","volume":"87 4","pages":"52969"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147763024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When Infective Endocarditis Masquerades as Gastrointestinal Disease: A Case Report.","authors":"Rachel Austin, Mohamed Zuhair, Nandita Kaza, Daniel Keene, David Lefroy","doi":"10.31083/BJHM52972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/BJHM52972","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims/background: </strong>Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition characterised by inflammation and infection of the endocardium. While cardiac manifestations are well-recognised, extracardiac manifestations of IE, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract, are less commonly reported. We report the first known case of IE presenting with colitis-like symptoms in the absence of identifiable colonic pathology.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 34-year-old male patient presented to primary care with gastrointestinal symptoms, including fever, weight loss, and bloody diarrhoea. There was an absence of detectable intestinal pathology on colonoscopy, and subsequent findings revealed a link between the gastrointestinal symptoms and IE-related complications. The patient later developed right-sided flank pain, a pansystolic murmur, and splinter haemorrhages in two fingernails. Imaging studies indicated renal infarcts suspicious for septic emboli, and echocardiography revealed severe mitral regurgitation with an anterior leaflet vegetation. Blood cultures were negative, likely due to prior antibiotic administration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patient was therefore treated with empirical intravenous antibiotics (amoxicillin, flucloxacillin and gentamicin), resulting in the resolution of gastrointestinal symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights the importance of considering IE in patients with unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms and systemic features, even in the absence of visible colonic lesions. Early recognition and appropriate management may improve outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9256,"journal":{"name":"British journal of hospital medicine","volume":"87 4","pages":"52972"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147763103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment and Care of Patients With Mucosal Head and Neck Cancer.","authors":"Ali Ijaz, Alexander Charlton, Patrick Bradley","doi":"10.31083/BJHM52964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/BJHM52964","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a complex and increasingly prevalent group of malignancies with high mortality and significant treatment-related morbidity. Risk factors include tobacco, alcohol, and human papillomavirus (HPV), with HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers showing improved prognosis. HPV vaccination is reducing oncogenic strains and future disease burden. Common symptoms include swallowing and speech difficulties, airway obstruction, and neck masses. Multidisciplinary care remains the cornerstone of management, encompassing surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and emerging immunotherapy. This article aims to provide hospital-based clinicians with a concise overview of current innovations in HNC management. Key developments include transoral robotic surgery, radiogenomics, liquid biopsy, and the integration of artificial intelligence in diagnostics and treatment planning. The review also considers survivorship, caregiver burden, and the growing importance of coordinated community-based care. Emphasising patient-centred, multidisciplinary approaches, these advances aim to improve outcomes and quality of life for individuals affected by HNC across healthcare settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":9256,"journal":{"name":"British journal of hospital medicine","volume":"87 4","pages":"52964"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147763088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}