Brain Stimulation最新文献

{"title":"Phase-synchronized iTBS and tACS at 40 Hz gamma frequency: The impact on working memory performance and functional connectivity","authors":"Benedikt Glinski,&nbsp;Min-Fang Kuo,&nbsp;Kiomars Sharifi,&nbsp;Michael A. Nitsche,&nbsp;Mohammad Ali Salehinejad","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Gamma oscillations are critical for cognitive functions. While phase-synchronized electric and magnetic stimulation can boost oscillatory brain activities in theta, alpha, and delta bands, the effects on gamma frequencies have not been investigated yet, especially with respect to functional connectivity and cognitive effects. This study explores how novel non-invasive techniques, phase-locked 40Hz intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) and 40Hz transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), affect working memory performance and associated functional connectivity parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thirty healthy young participants completed five stimulation conditions (1) 40Hz tACS + sham iTBS, (2) 40Hz iTBS + sham tACS, (3-4) two combined interventions (iTBS pulses phase-locked to the tACS peak sine (X-tACS peak) wave or tACS trough sine wave (X-tACS trough), and (5) sham iTBS + sham tACS condition in separate working-memory and resting-EEG sessions, resulting in 10 sessions in total. The target regions were the left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortices and were stimulated by simultaneous 40Hz tACS and iTBS for 20 min. Working memory performance and functional brain connectivity metrics for local synchronization and global network efficiency were monitored before and after each intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Only the 40Hz tACS + sham iTBS and 40Hz iTBS + sham tACS protocols enhanced high-load working memory performance speed. The same protocols, along with the X-tACS peak protocol, more pronouncedly improved functional connectivity metrics during the 30 min post-intervention compared to sham, corresponding to the behavioral testing period in separate sessions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These results suggest a temporal relation between alterations of functional brain connectivity and working memory task performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"19 4","pages":"Article 103157"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148359423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reversible hyperphagia and weight gain related to hypothalamic current spread during pallidothalamic tract deep brain stimulation","authors":"Bohui Qian,&nbsp;Kilsoo Kim,&nbsp;Takaomi Taira,&nbsp;Shiro Horisawa","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103148","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"19 4","pages":"Article 103148"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148315735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation is associated with higher gastric antral motility in septic patients with acute gastrointestinal injury: A randomized, sham-controlled pilot trial with blinded outcome assessment","authors":"Zhiyang Wu,&nbsp;Xin Zhang,&nbsp;Yankun Li,&nbsp;Xi Guo,&nbsp;Jian Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) is a noninvasive neuromodulation approach engaging vagal afferent pathways involved in autonomic, gastrointestinal, and immune regulation; its effects on gastric motor function in critical illness remain uncertain.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To assess feasibility, safety, and preliminary physiological signals of taVNS on gastric motility in septic patients with acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this single-center, randomized, sham-controlled pilot trial with blinded outcome assessment, adult ICU patients with sepsis-associated AGI were randomized 1:1 to once-daily taVNS or sham stimulation for 7 days in addition to standard care. The primary outcome was gastric antral motility index (MI) measured by bedside ultrasonography on day 7. Secondary outcomes included enteral nutrition target attainment, inflammatory cytokines, gastrointestinal hormones, intestinal barrier injury markers, clinical outcomes, and adverse events; these were exploratory.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Sixty-six patients were randomized (33 taVNS, 33 sham) with comparable baseline characteristics. Baseline-adjusted Day-7 MI was higher with taVNS than sham. More taVNS-treated patients achieved prespecified enteral nutrition targets by day 7. Exploratory changes in cytokines, gastrointestinal hormones, and intestinal barrier markers were directionally consistent with possible physiological effects of taVNS. Ventilator-free days, ICU and hospital length of stay, and 28-day mortality did not differ. No serious stimulation-related adverse events occurred.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>TaVNS was feasible and well tolerated and showed preliminary signals of higher gastric antral motility in sepsis-associated AGI, with exploratory changes in gut-related physiological markers. These findings are hypothesis-generating. Larger trials are needed to confirm these observations and determine clinical efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"19 4","pages":"Article 103154"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148374635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parametric optimization of transcranial focused ultrasound neuromodulation of the periaqueductal grey for blood pressure reduction","authors":"Harriet Lea-Banks,&nbsp;Neha Chauhan,&nbsp;Onbee Kim,&nbsp;Thallita Rabelo,&nbsp;Sheng-Kai Wu,&nbsp;Clement Hamani,&nbsp;Kullervo Hynynen","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Hypertension affects nearly half of US adults, with 10-20% resistant to pharmacological treatment. Transcranial focused ultrasound (FUS) targeting the periaqueductal grey (PAG) offers non-invasive neuromodulation for blood pressure control, but optimal parameters remain undefined.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To systematically investigate FUS parameters for maximizing blood pressure reduction and identify the underlying biological cascade and biophysical mechanisms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We systematically investigated 12 ultrasound exposure schemes in male and female rats, examining the biological cascade from neuronal activation (cFOS and Gad67 immunohistochemistry) through systemic biomarkers (beta-endorphin, neurotensin, angiotensin II, renin-1) to hemodynamic endpoints (systolic and diastolic blood pressure). Hydrophone measurements were used to detect cavitation emissions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Optimal FUS parameters produced sex-independent reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (−25 mmHg) lasting 24 h. Immunohistochemistry revealed activation of GABAergic neurons (increased cFOS and Gad67), while plasma analysis demonstrated suppression of angiotensin II (−28 pg/mL) and renin-1 (−8 pg/mL) without altering beta-endorphin or neurotensin. We identified a non-monotonic relationship between ultrasound intensity and physiological responses, consistent with biphasic inhibitory neuron activation. Hydrophone measurements ruled out cavitation-mediated neuromodulation, and point towards thermal and radiation force mechanisms.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings establish optimal parameters and mechanisms for PAG-targeted FUS for blood pressure control, providing a foundation for clinical translation to populations where conventional antihypertensives are ineffective or unsafe.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"19 4","pages":"Article 103146"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148301047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of pulse width and shape on transcranial magnetic stimulation induced heart-brain coupling","authors":"L. Zwienenberg,&nbsp;K. Wendt,&nbsp;H. Hutchinson,&nbsp;A.T. Sack,&nbsp;J. Downar,&nbsp;K. Ali,&nbsp;T. Denison,&nbsp;M. Arns,&nbsp;C.J. Stagg","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103140","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"19 4","pages":"Article 103140"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148249310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to tractography-guided versus clinical contact selection for deep brain stimulation in tremor - A prospective clinical trial","authors":"Christina van der Linden,&nbsp;Thea Berger,&nbsp;Till A. Dembek,&nbsp;Gregor A. Brandt,&nbsp;Joshua N. Strelow,&nbsp;Juan Carlos Baldermann,&nbsp;Hannah Jergas,&nbsp;Gereon R. Fink,&nbsp;Veerle Visser-Vandewalle,&nbsp;Michael T. Barbe,&nbsp;Jan Niklas Petry-Schmelzer","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103150","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"19 4","pages":"Article 103150"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148359499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intracranial-implanted coupled electrode tumor treating fields (ICE-TTF) enable efficient and directionally tunable electric-field delivery for glioma","authors":"Xin Yang,&nbsp;Xiaoman Kang,&nbsp;Tingyu Liang,&nbsp;Wenbo Wu,&nbsp;Hao Xing,&nbsp;Yiming Lian,&nbsp;Mingze Jiang,&nbsp;Wenbin Ma,&nbsp;Yu Wang,&nbsp;Chunhua Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Tumor treating fields (TTFields) improve survival in glioblastoma (GBM), but their clinical efficacy is limited by inefficient electric-field delivery through the high-impedance scalp and skull. This attenuation reduces intratumoral electric-field intensity and increases superficial power deposition, while external arrays remain associated with skin-interface complications.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We propose an intracranial-implanted coupled-electrode TTFields strategy (ICE-TTF), in which a single depth electrode implanted in the tumor cavity is coupled with distributed extracranial counter-electrodes. Finite-element modeling was used to optimize electrode geometry and evaluate electric-field and thermal distributions. A segmented intracranial electrode was examined for directional field switching. Short-term anti-tumor activity was assessed in rat glioma models using bioluminescence imaging and histology. Impedance monitoring and electrochemical assays were performed to evaluate interface behavior, short-term electrode stability, and tissue response.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In simulations, ICE-TTF generated tumor electric-field intensities within the TTFields-relevant range with substantially lower power and lower temperature rise than external TTFields under matched coverage assumptions. Segmented contacts enabled switching between predominantly radial and tangential field components. In vivo, ICE-TTF attenuated the BLI-derived tumor-burden signal and reduced proliferative activity. Electrode–tissue impedance was associated with BLI-derived tumor-burden progression, supporting its potential as a candidate monitoring signal. Electrochemical modeling, ion-release measurements, and short-term histology supported short-term electrochemical stability and peri-electrode tissue compatibility of Pt-Ir electrodes under the tested high-frequency stimulation conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>ICE-TTF represents a candidate reduced-implant-burden intracranial TTFields delivery architecture. The current data support simulation-based field-delivery feasibility, short-term proof-of-concept anti-tumor activity, and future impedance-informed monitoring, while direct comparative efficacy, survival benefit, and closed-loop control remain to be validated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"19 4","pages":"Article 103141"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148270386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empirical limitations of current low-intensity focused ultrasound simulation platforms","authors":"Sierra D. Brandts,&nbsp;Brooke R. Staveland,&nbsp;Ananya Madhusudhan,&nbsp;Ryan T. Ash,&nbsp;Tommaso Di Ianni,&nbsp;Leo P. Sugrue,&nbsp;Andrew D. Krystal,&nbsp;Khaled Moussawi","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Transcranial low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) is an emerging tool for noninvasive neuromodulation, with potential therapeutic applications across a range of neuropsychiatric disorders. As the field advances toward clinical translation, individualized simulations of sonication parameters are critical for estimating dosing to ensure safety, efficacy, and reproducibility. Currently, k-Plan (Brainbox Ltd.) and BabelBrain (open-source) are two widely used software packages for sonication simulation, yet their outputs have not been empirically compared. While CT scans remain the gold standard for capturing fine anatomical details of the skull, their use carries radiation risk. As an alternative, algorithms generating MRI-based pseudo-CTs have been developed to approximate skull bone properties.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>In this study, we directly evaluated the consistency of simulation results from the two platforms, k-Plan and BabelBrain. We also examined the impact of skull modeling using CT vs. pseudo-CT on LIFU simulation results.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We compared LIFU simulation results between the two platforms when applied to the same individuals, trajectories, and using the same sonication protocol parameters. To assess the validity of using pseudo-CTs for simulations, we also compared simulation outputs generated using CT versus pseudo-CT inputs.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our results reveal substantial discrepancies between software platforms (k-Plan vs. BabelBrain), underscoring the need for additional ground-truth validation of current sonication simulation software, particularly regarding how simulations estimate the skull's acoustic properties, a main limitation of this study. Additional discrepancies between CT and pseudo-CT skull modeling approaches highlight the need to further optimize pseudo-CT algorithms before widespread clinical adoption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"19 4","pages":"Article 103156"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148374598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personalized high-dose accelerated intermittent theta-burst stimulation improves cognitive function in mild Alzheimer's disease: A randomized sham-controlled trial","authors":"Na Xu,&nbsp;Yi Xing,&nbsp;Aonan Li,&nbsp;Shuaicheng Liu,&nbsp;Jing Gao,&nbsp;Xinyu Liu,&nbsp;Wuxiang Xie,&nbsp;Ning Guo,&nbsp;Yue Chen,&nbsp;Xiaoyue Sun,&nbsp;Jilin Wu,&nbsp;Weijun Gong,&nbsp;Danhong Wang,&nbsp;Yi Tang,&nbsp;Hesheng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103142","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"19 4","pages":"Article 103142"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148238949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of individualized high-definition Transcranial alternating current stimulation for suicidal ideation in depression: A randomized clinical trial","authors":"Yuanyuan Guo,&nbsp;Yue Zhao,&nbsp;Jiahua Zhang,&nbsp;Shaoyang Wang,&nbsp;Dongpeng Wu,&nbsp;Mengyao Dai,&nbsp;Yang Ji,&nbsp;Yue Wu,&nbsp;Qiang Wei,&nbsp;Yuhui Wan,&nbsp;Kai Wang,&nbsp;Yanghua Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103144","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"19 4","pages":"Article 103144"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148315764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}