Brain Stimulation最新文献

{"title":"Letter to the editor: Precision-guided multi-site insular deep brain stimulation for refractory neuropathic pain","authors":"A.R. Segerdahl , A. Deli , A.L.B. Raghu , R. Crockett , T. Denison , A.L. Green , I. Tracey","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.102999","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.102999","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 102999"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145707451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of low-frequency burst stimulation of the motor thalamus on cortical neural co-firing","authors":"Kyungsoo Kim ,&nbsp;Giri P. Krishnan ,&nbsp;JaeYeon Kim ,&nbsp;Sergio Arroyo ,&nbsp;Maxim Bazhenov ,&nbsp;Karunesh Ganguly","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.103018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.103018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Electrical stimulation targeting the motor thalamus (Mthal) represents an emerging strategy for regulating motor cortical activity patterns, however the fundamental mechanisms and optimal stimulation configurations are not well established.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To characterize how burst Mthal stimulation modulates cortical activity and to identify stimulation parameters that maximize cortical co-firing via thalamocortical rebound mechanisms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted acute electrophysiological experiments in anesthetized rats using Mthal stimulation with systematically manipulated burst stimulation parameters (i.e., number of pulses and pulse width) in the low-frequency band (1–8 Hz) modulation cycle. Cortical responses across large areas covering primary and secondary motor cortex were recorded. Additionally, intracortical recordings were performed for detailed spike activity monitoring during stimulation. Cortical activity patterns in local field potentials and spike activity were analyzed to quantify the effects of Mthal stimulation on motor cortex. Computational thalamocortical circuit models were employed to explore the mechanistic basis of frequency-selective modulation effects.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Burst Mthal stimulation elicited tunable cortical excitation, with optimal modulation achieved at 3–4 Hz. This preferred frequency corresponded to the natural rebound timing of thalamocortical (TC) cells and generated maximal cortical co-firing and synchronization. Higher stimulation frequencies (e.g., 8 Hz) resulted in suppressed and diminished responses. Computational modeling further validated that the cellular mechanism of the TC cell rebound excitation leads to frequency-dependent cortical modulation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Burst Mthal stimulation demonstrates frequency-selective modulation of cortical network excitability, with 3–4 Hz protocols providing optimal enhancement of synchronized activity through exploitation of thalamocortical rebound dynamics. These results establish motor thalamic stimulation as a promising and efficient methodology for precise cortical network control and offer mechanistic foundations for developing therapeutic neuromodulation interventions aimed at motor system rehabilitation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 103018"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145899165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal variation of brain hemodynamics with accelerated iTBS for depression: A single-case concurrent TMS/fNIRS study","authors":"Adam Weili Xia ,&nbsp;Minxia Jin ,&nbsp;Penny Ping Qin ,&nbsp;Ivan K.Y. Chak ,&nbsp;Bella Bingbing Zhang ,&nbsp;Rebecca L.D. Kan ,&nbsp;Sharie X. Wang ,&nbsp;Tim T.Z. Lin ,&nbsp;Nancy M.X.Y. Shi ,&nbsp;Vera Lam ,&nbsp;Wanda M.W. Chau ,&nbsp;Alvin H.P. Tang ,&nbsp;Nolan Williams ,&nbsp;Frank Padberg ,&nbsp;Georg S. Kranz","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.103020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.103020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 103020"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145888618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing the quantity of electrical stimulation pulses reduces cortical response inhibition","authors":"Sabrina J. Meikle ,&nbsp;Maureen A. Hagan ,&nbsp;Nicholas S.C. Price ,&nbsp;Yan T. Wong","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.103003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.103003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Neural prostheses can potentially restore sensory experiences by electrically stimulating the brain, with effectiveness determined by the stimulation parameters. Understanding the effects of individual stimulation parameters is therefore critical for optimizing stimulation outcomes. The number of stimulation pulses delivered in a train (pulse quantity) is a parameter that has been difficult to analyze, as each pulse generates artifacts that can obscure the measurement of neural signals. However, pulse trains are known to more reliably evoke perceptual responses than single-pulse stimulation, implying that increased pulse quantity modulates post-stimulation activity for perceptual consistency.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We investigated how pulse quantity and current amplitude interact to shape neural responses, as both stimulation parameters affect total charge delivered but often produce different perceptual outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We implanted a 64-channel electrode array into the primary visual cortex (V1) of anesthetized marmosets and monitored neural responses evoked by 300 Hz trains of 1–5 biphasic electrical stimulation pulses. In each trial, all pulses delivered the same current (2–10 μA). Trials with increasing pulses were stitched together to recover the responses obscured by artifacts.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found that current amplitude determined the intensity and duration of the early excitatory response to stimulation, while increasing pulse quantity reduced the amplitude and duration of post-stimulation inhibition.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Decreasing post-stimulation inhibition with increasing pulse quantity may explain why pulse trains more reliably generate perceptual responses. Considering current amplitude and pulse quantity influence different components of the post-stimulation response, developing customized stimulation paradigms may be crucial for optimization of neural prostheses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 103003"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145762248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain-wide hemodynamic responses to precise transcranial ultrasound neuromodulation","authors":"Héctor Estrada ,&nbsp;Chuan Liu ,&nbsp;Ali Özbek ,&nbsp;Zhenyue Chen ,&nbsp;Michael Reiss ,&nbsp;Shy Shoham ,&nbsp;Daniel Razansky","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Despite the high potential of transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) for non-invasive brain therapy and interrogation, real-time monitoring of brain responses to TUS remains a challenge. Traditional methods to monitor direct neural responses are invasive and mostly incompatible with precise TUS delivery while other non-invasive approaches to visualize the induced responses suffer from poor penetration depth, lack of sensitivity, or low temporal resolution.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We present an integrated approach for high precision delivery of ultrasound into the mouse brain and simultaneous whole-brain oximetry with functional optoacoustic tomography to characterize the hemodynamic response elicited by TUS.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A spherically focused ultrasound array was employed to non-invasively deliver holographic TUS and simultaneously detect multispectral optoacoustic signals from the brains of anesthetized mice. Ultrasound pressure and pulse duration were varied, while the number of stimuli (5), stimulation duration (15 s), and ultrasound frequency (3 MHz) were kept constant. The acquired optoacoustic data were tomographically reconstructed and spectrally unmixed to render three-dimensional maps of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin in real time.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>TUS-evoked brain-wide hemodynamics were efficiently monitored via spectroscopic optoacoustic imaging with high spatial and temporal resolution. Holographic TUS targeted to the somatosensory cortex elicited distinct hemodynamic responses, which extended beyond the stimulated region, involving subcortical arteries and pial veins.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our method provides new transformative non-invasive capabilities to study the effects of ultrasound on a living brain thus help unleash the strong potential of TUS in neuroscience and medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 102978"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145476770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing target E-field variability in repetitive TMS through online motion compensation","authors":"Sarah Grosshagauer ,&nbsp;Michael Woletz ,&nbsp;Marlen Becher ,&nbsp;Jonas Björklund ,&nbsp;Frank Padberg ,&nbsp;Daniel Keeser ,&nbsp;Lucia Bulubas ,&nbsp;Christian Windischberger","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.102990","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.102990","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Precise targeting and dosing are critical for neurophysiological effectivity of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), particularly in clinical applications such as treating major depressive disorder (MDD). While neuronavigation enables accurate, individualized coil positioning, even small deviations in coil placement, e.g. during extended stimulation protocols, can significantly alter the induced electric field (E-field). In this study, we use continuous neuronavigational monitoring during stimulation to quantify motion-induced E-field variability at the target and introduce a novel methodology for compensating it.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed coil-target movement parameters in a sample of 200 rTMS sessions conducted in 20 adults with MDD, evaluating position, rotation and main axes of movement. In addition, we simulated induced E-fields within a target-ROI and quantified variability within- and across-sessions. To mitigate movement-related variability, we developed an algorithm which enables real-time adjustment of stimulator output based on current coil position and interpolation of precomputed E-fields.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our results show that E-field variability in this sample was primarily driven by coil displacement along the scalp-normal and rotation. Lateral movement played a minor role. Using the new stimulation amplitude adjustment strongly reduced target E-field variability. Mean E-field coefficient of variation was reduced within-session by 41% (2.85%–1.67%) and across-sessions by 74% (6.77%–1.73%).</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>This study presents the first quantitative analysis of motion during rTMS treatment sessions and a practical method to compensate for it. Given its low computational cost, the proposed approach is well suited for clinical implementation, potentially enhancing treatment reliability, particularly in individuals prone to motion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 102990"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145695760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulating cerebrospinal fluid dynamics using pulsed photobiomodulation","authors":"Ariel Motsenyat ,&nbsp;Xiaole Z. Zhong ,&nbsp;Hannah Van Lankveld ,&nbsp;Joanna X. Chen ,&nbsp;Alicia Mathew ,&nbsp;J. Jean Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.102988","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.102988","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The use of photobiomodulation (PBM) to enhance brain health, specifically glymphatic drainage and thus neurotoxic waste clearance, may make it a promising therapeutic tool against neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.</div></div><div><h3>Material and method</h3><div>This study investigates whether PBM can modulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow in 45 healthy young adults. We conducted forehead transcranial PBM (tPBM) and intranasal PBM (iPBM) at the nostril, and measured CSF dynamics using blood-oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) functional MRI (fMRI). Our data demonstrates 4 min of PBM-induced increases in CSF flow.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion and result</h3><div>Our data shows that (1) even a short PBM of 4 min can induce a change in CSF dynamics, in the form of an immediate increase in intracranial CSF volume and a reduction in CSF inflow; (2) skin melanin had a significant effect on the CSF response in tPBM, with lighter skin associated with higher responses; (3) both iPBM and tPBM displayed a dose-dependent effect on CSF dynamics in terms of a wavelength-irradiance interaction; (4) intranasal PBM (iPBM) can be used to produce a significant change in CSF dynamics that is equivalent to forehead transcranial PBM (tPBM) with a small fraction of the irradiance. The most likely explanation for the observed fMRI signal changes in CSF regions of interest for both tPBM and iPBM is an increased CSF outflow pressure due to PBM-induced vasodilation that transiently increases intracranial CSF volume and reduces net CSF inflow.</div></div><div><h3>Impact</h3><div>This study establishes that PBM can modulate CSF flow in the healthy human brain in real time. This study also suggests that iPBM may be more efficient in CSF modulation due to the proximity to the olfactory system and the lack of melanin dependence. The influence of melanin on tPBM, the feasibility of iPBM and the dose dependence of both will require further investigation in healthy and patient populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 102988"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145629983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low Intensity Ultrasound-facilitated exosome delivery promotes hippocampal neurogenesis in Alzheimer's disease","authors":"Yudie Yan ,&nbsp;Jingtong Su ,&nbsp;Muyun Xie ,&nbsp;Yafei Kong ,&nbsp;Chenchao Wang ,&nbsp;Guohao Yuan ,&nbsp;Yi Fang ,&nbsp;Kihwan Hwang ,&nbsp;Chae-Yong Kim ,&nbsp;Hong Han ,&nbsp;Zhen Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.103015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.103015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Low-intensity ultrasound (LIUS) and human adipose-tissue mesenchymal stem cell–derived exosomes (hADSC-Exos) have shown neuroprotective potential, but their combined effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the safety and efficacy of intranasal hADSC-Exos alone or combined with LIUS in APP/PS1 mice, and explore underlying molecular mechanisms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Female APP/PS1 mice (30 weeks) were randomized into five groups (n = 6). Treatments included intranasal hADSC-Exos, LIUS, or both for 2 months. Behavioral tests, histology, and hippocampal RNA-seq were performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>LIUS enhanced Exo uptake in HT22 cells by ∼8 % without toxicity. Combined treatment improved learning and memory (escape latency ↓45 s→20 s; P &lt; 0.01), increased neurogenesis markers (GFAP/SOX2, DCX, Ki67), and reduced amyloid and microglial activation. RNA-seq identified 93 specific DEGs in the combination group, with enrichment in synaptic and mitochondrial pathways. Fos and Kcnj13 were top DEGs and both downregulated after therapy (P &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Intranasal hADSC-Exos combined with LIUS is safe, enhances brain delivery, and synergistically improves cognition and neurogenesis in AD mice. The Fos–Kcnj13 axis may mediate these effects, suggesting a promising noninvasive therapeutic strategy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 103015"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145892177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurophysiological correlates of spaced transcranial direct current stimulation in treatment-resistant depression: A case report","authors":"Mohsen Poorganji ,&nbsp;Hadley Daniels ,&nbsp;Liam Lochhead ,&nbsp;Jordan Kohn ,&nbsp;Xia Li ,&nbsp;Yinming Sun ,&nbsp;Cory R. Weissman ,&nbsp;Lawrence G. Appelbaum ,&nbsp;Zafiris J. Daskalakis ,&nbsp;Jean-Philippe Miron","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.102995","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.102995","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 102995"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145616667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing scalp pain for pTES of motor cortex using background hums","authors":"Mats Forssell ,&nbsp;Rabira Tusi ,&nbsp;Jeehyun Kim ,&nbsp;Maxwell D. Murphy ,&nbsp;Jonathan A. Shulgach ,&nbsp;Prakarsh Yadav ,&nbsp;Alonso Buitano Tang ,&nbsp;Maya Maurer ,&nbsp;Vishal Jain ,&nbsp;Douglas J. Weber ,&nbsp;Benedict J. Alter ,&nbsp;Pulkit Grover","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 103024"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145951543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}