Brain Stimulation最新文献

{"title":"At home monitoring of chronic adaptive deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease","authors":"Chuyi Cui , Jin Woo Choi , Shreesh Karjagi , Kevin B. Wilkins , Aarushi Negi , Helen M. Bronte-Stewart","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103028","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 103028"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145951569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time-dependent effect of left posterolateral cerebellar TMS in facial emotional processing","authors":"Sonia Paternò , Andrea Ciricugno , Zaira Cattaneo , Chiara Ferrari","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.103000","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.103000","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 103000"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145667160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large-scale mapping of artificial perceptions for neuroprostheses using spontaneous neuronal activity in macaque and human visual cortex","authors":"Antonio Lozano ,&nbsp;Xing Chen ,&nbsp;Mike La Grouw ,&nbsp;Bingshuo Li ,&nbsp;Feng Wang ,&nbsp;Maureen van der Grinten ,&nbsp;Cristina Soto-Sánchez ,&nbsp;Aitor Morales-Gregorio ,&nbsp;Eduardo Fernández ,&nbsp;Pieter R. Roelfsema","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.103019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.103019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>High-channel-count neuroprostheses could one day restore functional vision in blind individuals by delivering electrical pulses to electrodes in the visual cortex that elicit perceptions known as ‘phosphenes’. However, if a high number of electrodes are used, it becomes challenging and time-consuming to map the visual field locations of all phosphenes. Furthermore, many blind users are not able to maintain stable fixation, impeding the localization of phosphenes, or may perceive spontaneous visual phenomena that interfere with detection of electrically induced phosphenes.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To introduce and evaluate NEural Unsupervised electrode mapping (NEUmap), a rapid, largely automated method for phosphene mapping that extracts spatial patterns from spontaneous activity across the visual cortex.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>As correlations between neuronal activity on nearby electrodes are stronger than those between distant electrodes, we first use dimensionality-reduction algorithms to generate maps of relative positions of electrodes. We then determine visual field coordinates of phosphenes. To this aim, the subject manually reports phosphene locations for a small subset of electrodes, which we call ‘anchor points’, e.g. by pointing or drawing phosphene locations on a tablet. NEUmap then aligns the anchor points to the map of relative distances to obtain an estimate of the visual field coordinates of all phosphenes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>NEUmap was applied to data recorded from 896 V1 electrodes in each of two sighted monkeys, and 96 V1/V2 electrodes in each of 3 blind human volunteers. NEUmap generated high quality maps across ∼300–700 electrodes in each of the monkeys and across 73–91 electrodes in each of the human volunteers.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Existing clinical methods of phosphene mapping on many electrodes are tedious. NEUmap can alleviate some of this burden for future prosthesis users by permitting the mapping of hundreds of electrodes using less than a second of resting-state data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 103019"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145877734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"US FDA approves home-delivered tDCS for treating depression","authors":"Marom Bikson PhD ,&nbsp;Andre R. Brunoni MD PhD ,&nbsp;Mark S. George MD","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.103021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.103021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>On Dec 8, 2025, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the Flow Neuroscience transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) device for the treatment of “moderate to severe major depressive disorder (MDD) in the current episode, either as monotherapy or as an adjunctive treatment, in patients 18 years and older who are not considered treatment refractory to medication.” This represents the first FDA premarket approval (PMA) for a home-use non-invasive brain-stimulation device specifically indicated for depression treatment. This is a major regulatory milestone in non-pharmacological treatment of depression, and paves the way for additional uses and new technologies of home-based neuromodulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 103021"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145877790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms mediating dynamic changes in neural responses during deep brain stimulation","authors":"Jahrane A. Dale ,&nbsp;Stephen L. Schmidt ,&nbsp;Kyle T. Mitchell ,&nbsp;Jennifer J. Peters ,&nbsp;Dennis A. Turner ,&nbsp;Warren M. Grill","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.103002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.103002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) to treat Parkinson's disease (PD) generates local evoked potentials (DLEPs). DLEPs reflect neural activation by DBS, but the mechanisms underlying the dynamic changes in DLEPs during continuous DBS are not understood, and such knowledge is critical to using these signals for DBS programming and closed-loop control.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We first systematically incorporated short-term synaptic depletion into 4 different synapse types in a biophysically realistic computational model of DLEPs. We then recorded DLEPs in naïve and a virally transfected rat model. Lastly, we conducted a retrospective analysis correlating DLEP dynamics to motor symptom severity in 13 patients with PD.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A bespoke biophysical model suggests that synaptic depression, through synaptic vesicle depletion of activated motor cortical synapses onto STN neurons, causes the dynamic changes in DLEP amplitude and latency during continuous DBS. Virally-driven overexpression of endophilin A1 or alpha-synuclein in rat motor cortex reduces the time constant of DLEP amplitude and latency, supporting a critical role of these synapses in mediating DLEP dynamics. Further, a correlation between the change in UPDRS-III scores with antiparkinsonian medications and the time constant of DLEP amplitude is observed in persons with PD, suggesting DLEP dynamics as a biomarker of PD progression.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Collectively, these results suggest short-term synaptic depression of cortical synapses onto STN neurons mediate DLEP dynamics in STN DBS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 103002"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145741319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trigeminal nerve stimulation modulates dopaminergic circuits and neuroinflammation to alleviate depression","authors":"Qian Yang ,&nbsp;Lifang Huo ,&nbsp;Qian Zhang ,&nbsp;Haiyun Ma ,&nbsp;Lijiaqi Liu ,&nbsp;Shengnuo Fan ,&nbsp;Shaoling Wu ,&nbsp;Congping Shang ,&nbsp;Chao Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.103005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.103005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Trigeminal nerve stimulation (TNS) is a promising noninvasive neuromodulation therapy for depression; however, its mechanisms remain unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study investigated antidepressant-like effects of TNS and its underlying mechanisms in post-traumatic brain injury depression (PTD).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The antidepressant efficacy of TNS was evaluated in multiple depression models using standardized behavioral assays. Peripheral mechanisms were probed by chemogenetic activation or inhibition of trigeminal ganglion (TG) neuronal subpopulations in Cre-line mice. Centrally, pathway-selective chemogenetic manipulations tested the role of the paraventricular nucleus–ventral tegmental area–nucleus accumbens (PVN-VTA-NAc) circuit, coupled with <em>in vivo</em> (GPCR)-activation-based dopamine (GRAB-DA) fluorescence monitoring to quantify dopamine dynamics. Receptor-specific contributions were assessed using shRNA knockdown of D1/D2 or D3 receptors (D1/D2 or D3) in the NAc. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokine profiling was used to evaluate inflammatory modulation. Primary endpoints were analyzed after the 10-day TNS treatment and following a 10-day post-stimulation period.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>TNS alleviated depressive-like behaviors across models. TG TRPV1⁺ neurons are both necessary and sufficient for efficacy. Chemogenetic modulation of the PVN-VTA-NAc pathway reproduced or abolished TNS effects, while GRAB-DA recordings confirmed increased dopamine release during stimulation. In the NAc, D1/D2 knockdown impaired effects of treatment, whereas D3 knockdown eliminated persistence after stimulation. TNS reduced CSF cytokines in controls and D1/D2 knockdown mice, but not in D3 knockdown mice, indicating that early D3-dependent anti-inflammatory effects sustain long-term benefits.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>TNS alleviates depressive-like behaviors through TG TRPV1⁺ neurons and PVN-VTA-NAc circuit activation, with D1/D2 receptors mediating acute effects and D3 receptors maintaining lasting anti-inflammatory benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 103005"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145755332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depression relief from cranial nerve stimulation tracked with decreased prefrontal alpha power and connectivity similar to prefrontal stimulation: an exploratory analysis","authors":"Justin Riddle ,&nbsp;Eric Tirrell ,&nbsp;Lauren Hindley ,&nbsp;Andrew F. Leuchter ,&nbsp;Flavio Frohlich ,&nbsp;Linda L. Carpenter","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.102991","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.102991","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 102991"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145562855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel interleaved TMS-MRS approach with standard MRI hardware","authors":"Maria Vasileiadi ,&nbsp;Christopher B. Pople ,&nbsp;Peter Truong ,&nbsp;Benjamin Davidson ,&nbsp;Clement Hamani ,&nbsp;Peter Giacobbe ,&nbsp;Nir Lipsman ,&nbsp;Martin Tik ,&nbsp;Jamie Near ,&nbsp;Sean M. Nestor","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.102997","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.102997","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Interleaved TMS-fMRI has advanced understanding of network modulation but is limited to hemodynamic measures. We introduce a novel interleaved TMS-MRS platform, using standard MRI hardware, to assess real-time neurochemical changes and demonstrate feasibility in a clinical sample of patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Nine TRD participants (mean age 47.3 ± 13.9) underwent interleaved TMS-MRS on a 3T Siemens Prisma. A 20 mm³ voxel was placed over individualized left dlPFC targets. ¹H-MRS spectra were acquired at baseline and during 10 Hz burst stimulation. Spectral quality and metabolite concentrations were compared across conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Spectral quality was preserved across conditions (FWHM baseline: 0.041 ± 0.005; active: 0.040 ± 0.005; p = 0.699) and signal-to-noise remained stable (baseline: 38.29 ± 5.38; active: 34.67 ± 9.12; p = 0.790). Two metabolites differed significantly: alanine increased during stimulation (0.58 ± 0.16 vs. 0.46 ± 0.14; p = 0.031), while NAA + NAAG decreased (9.07 ± 2.02 vs. 8.83 ± 0.99; p = 0.031). Exploratory analyses suggested associations between baseline and stimulation-induced metabolites (e.g., GSH, GABA, lactate) and clinical improvement following accelerated iTBS.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Interleaved TMS-MRS is feasible with standard MRI hardware in TRD patients, enabling in-vivo detection of acute neurochemical changes during stimulation. This method offers a new avenue for probing excitatory/inhibitory balance, neuronal metabolism, and treatment mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 102997"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145676585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuromodulator timing regulates adult cortical plasticity via the synaptic eligibility trace","authors":"Brendan M. Williams ,&nbsp;Michael S. Borland ,&nbsp;Tanya T. Danaphongse ,&nbsp;Lasya Pasapula ,&nbsp;Jayant K. Rajagopal ,&nbsp;Seth A. Hays ,&nbsp;Crystal T. Engineer","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.103004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.103004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Learning-induced cortical reorganization is facilitated by neuromodulator release. However, the precise temporal relationship between neuromodulator release and neural activity required to induce plasticity is not well understood. In single synapses, eligibility traces regulate plasticity such that neuromodulator arrival must occur within seconds of activity. Cortical plasticity can also be induced by pairing neuromodulator release with neural activity, but it is unknown whether plasticity in populations of neurons is regulated by the same temporal constraints.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>To determine whether the synaptic eligibility trace regulates cortical plasticity, we used vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) to drive neuromodulator release 3 s before, 1 s before, concurrent with, or 3 s after tone-evoked activity in auditory cortex. After 20 days of pairing, we used in vivo electrophysiology to quantify the proportion of auditory cortex responding to the paired tone frequency.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found that VNS 1 s before or concurrent with tone onset significantly expanded the representation of the paired tone frequency (-1s, p = 0.04; 0s, p = 0.02), whereas 3 s before or after did not (-3s, p = 0.87; +3s, p = 0.53). Confirming the role of neuromodulators in this eligibility trace, we found that depletion of norepinephrine prevented VNS-tone pairing-induced plasticity (0s + DSP4, p = 0.23).</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Our study demonstrates that cortical plasticity is regulated by time constraints similar to the synaptic eligibility trace and highlights the importance of considering the timing of neuromodulator release when employing methods to enhance plasticity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 103004"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145793029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation of evoked responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation using a multiscale cortical circuit model","authors":"Zhihe Zhao ,&nbsp;Aman S. Aberra ,&nbsp;Alexander Opitz","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.11.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.11.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a widely used non-invasive brain stimulation technique, but the neural circuits activated by TMS remain poorly understood. Previous modeling approaches have been limited to either simplified point-neuron networks or isolated single-cell models that lack synaptic connectivity.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To develop and validate a multiscale cortical circuit model that integrates morphologically-realistic neurons with accurate TMS-induced electric field distributions and to investigate mechanisms underlying cortical responses to stimulation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We constructed a network model of a cortical column comprising 10,000 neurons across layers 2/3, 5, and 6 with over 10 million synaptic connections. The model incorporated thalamic and non-specific corticocortical inputs to generate physiological firing rates. TMS-induced electric fields were calculated using finite element modeling and coupled to individual neurons through the extracellular mechanism. We validated model predictions against experimental recordings of TMS-evoked local field potentials (LFPs) and multiunit activity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The model reproduced key experimental observations including the dose-dependent N50 LFP component and multiphasic multi-unit responses, consisting of an (excitatory) increase followed by a (inhibitory) decrease in firing rates. The early excitatory response exhibited dual-peak dynamics reflecting distinct contributions from directly and indirectly activated neuronal populations, and the subsequent inhibitory phase reflected activation of feedback GABAergic circuits through both GABA_A and GABA_B conductances. Spatial analysis across 30 cortical columns distributed across the precentral gyrus revealed orientation-dependent evoked responses.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This validated multiscale model provides mechanistic insights into TMS-evoked cortical dynamics, demonstrating how direct neuronal activation cascades through synaptic networks to generate characteristic population responses. The framework establishes a computational platform for optimizing stimulation protocols in research and clinical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"19 1","pages":"Article 102983"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145511779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}