Brain Stimulation最新文献

{"title":"On the use of the motor threshold as a dependent variable in TMS research","authors":"Sven Bestmann","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2024.06.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2024.06.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"17 4","pages":"Pages 780-781"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1935861X24001153/pdfft?md5=59baad5a5cea5b5748fad020d6b98a46&pid=1-s2.0-S1935861X24001153-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141466230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repeated electrical vestibular nerve stimulation (VeNS) reduces severity in moderate to severe insomnia; a randomised, sham-controlled trial; the modius sleep study","authors":"Grace Curry ,&nbsp;Teris Cheung ,&nbsp;Shu-Dong Zhang ,&nbsp;Susan Logue ,&nbsp;Liadhan McAnena ,&nbsp;Ruth Price ,&nbsp;Julie J. Sittlington","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2024.05.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2024.05.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Insomnia is a prevalent health concern in the general population associated with a range of adverse health effects. New, effective, safe and low-cost treatments, suitable for long-term use, are urgently required. Previous studies have shown the potential of electrical vestibular nerve stimulation (VeNS) in improving insomnia symptoms, however only one sham-controlled trial has been conducted on people with chronic insomnia.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>/Hypothesis: Repeated VeNS delivered by the Modius Sleep device prior to sleep onset will show superior improvement in Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scores over a 4-week period compared to sham stimulation.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this double-blinded, multi-site, randomised, sham-controlled study, 147 participants with moderate to severe insomnia (ISI≥<u>15</u>) were recruited and allocated a VeNS or a sham device (1:1 ratio) which they were asked to use at home for 30 min daily (minimum 5 days per week) for 4 weeks.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>After 4 weeks, mean ISI score reduction was 2.26 greater in the VeNS treatment group than the sham group (p = 0.002). In the per protocol analysis, the treatment group had a mean ISI score decrease of 5.8 (95 % CI [-6.8, −4.81], approaching the clinically meaningful threshold of a 6-point reduction, with over half achieving a clinically significant decrease. Furthermore, the treatment group showed superior improvement to the sham group in the SF-36 (Quality of Life) energy/fatigue component (PP p = 0.004, effect size 0.26; ITT p = 0.006, effect size 0.22).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Modius sleep has the potential to provide a viable, non-invasive and safe clinically meaningful alternative treatment option for insomnia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"17 4","pages":"Pages 782-793"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1935861X24000925/pdfft?md5=e297923a1593c000d090c5c341d09dad&pid=1-s2.0-S1935861X24000925-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141133708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accelerated transcranial magnetic stimulation: A pilot study of safety and efficacy using a pragmatic protocol","authors":"John G. Luehr,&nbsp;Erin Fritz,&nbsp;Mitchell Turner,&nbsp;Charles Schupp,&nbsp;Harold A. Sackeim","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2024.07.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2024.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"17 4","pages":"Pages 860-863"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1935861X24001244/pdfft?md5=bda345fa24c1b5fe48225f51b225ed70&pid=1-s2.0-S1935861X24001244-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141733608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuromodulation modifies α-synuclein spreading dynamics in vivo and the pattern is predicted by changes in whole-brain function","authors":"Ehsan Dadgar-Kiani ,&nbsp;Gregor Bieri ,&nbsp;Ronald Melki ,&nbsp;Aronee Hossain ,&nbsp;Aaron D. Gitler ,&nbsp;Jin Hyung Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2024.07.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2024.07.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Many neurodegenerative disease treatments, such as deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's Disease, can alleviate symptoms by primarily compensating for circuit dysfunctions. However, the stimulation's effect on the underlying disease progression remains relatively unknown. Here, we report that neuromodulation can not only modulate circuit function but also modulate the <em>in vivo</em> spreading dynamics of α-synuclein pathology, the primary pathological hallmark observed in Parkinson's Disease.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In a mouse model, pre-formed fibrils were injected into the striatum to induce widespread α-synuclein pathology. Two days after fibril injection, mice were treated for two weeks with daily optogenetic stimulation of the Secondary Motor Area, Layer V. Whole brains were then extracted, immunolabeled, cleared, and imaged with light-sheet fluorescent microscopy.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Repeated optogenetic stimulation led to a decrease in pathology at the site of stimulation and at various cortical and subcortical regions, while the contralateral cortex saw a consistent increase. Aligning the pathology changes with optogenetic-fMRI measured brain activity, we found that the changes in pathology and brain function had similar spatial locations but opposite polarity.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>These results demonstrate the ability to modulate and predict whole brain pathology changes using neuromodulation, opening a new horizon for investigating optimized neuromodulation therapies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"17 4","pages":"Pages 938-946"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1935861X24001360/pdfft?md5=f337c08524bab163d6f0b824b4e6972d&pid=1-s2.0-S1935861X24001360-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141888559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment expectations and clinical outcomes following repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment-resistant depression","authors":"Adriano Mollica ,&nbsp;Enoch Ng ,&nbsp;Matthew J. Burke ,&nbsp;Sean M. Nestor ,&nbsp;Hyewon Lee ,&nbsp;Jennifer S. Rabin ,&nbsp;Clement Hamani ,&nbsp;Nir Lipsman ,&nbsp;Peter Giacobbe","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2024.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2024.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Patient expectations, including both positive (placebo) and negative (nocebo) effects, influence treatment outcomes, yet their impact on acute repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is unclear.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this single-center retrospective chart review, 208 TRD patients completed the Stanford Expectation of Treatment Scale (SETS) before starting open-label rTMS treatment. Patients were offered two excitatory rTMS protocols (deep TMS or intermittent theta-burst stimulation), which stimulated the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. A minimum of 20 once daily treatments were provided, delivered over 4–6 weeks. Primary outcomes were 1) remission, measured by a post-treatment score of &lt;8 on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17), and 2) premature discontinuation. The change in HAMD-17 scores over time was used as a secondary outcome. Physicians were blinded to SETS scores. Logistic and linear regression, adjusting for covariates, assessed SETS and HAMD-17 relationships.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of 208 patients, 177 had baseline and covariate data available. The mean positivity bias score (positive expectancy minus negative expectancy subscale averages) was 0.48 ± 2.21, indicating the cohort was neutral regarding the expectations of their treatment on average. Higher positive expectancy scores were significantly associated with greater odds of remission (OR = 1.90, p = 0.003) and greater reduction in HAMD-17 scores (β = 1.30, p = 0.005) at the end of acute treatment, after adjusting for covariates. Negative expectancy was not associated with decreased odds of remission (p = 0.2) or treatment discontinuation (p = 0.8).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Higher pre-treatment positive expectations were associated with greater remission rates with open-label rTMS in a naturalistic cohort of patients with TRD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"17 4","pages":"Pages 752-759"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1935861X24001128/pdfft?md5=a72348b8e9603ba958d7a5ab4386f50c&pid=1-s2.0-S1935861X24001128-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141431372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of preclinical and clinical transcranial ultrasound neuromodulation and opportunities for functional connectomics","authors":"Carly Pellow ,&nbsp;Samuel Pichardo ,&nbsp;G Bruce Pike","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2024.06.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2024.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Low-intensity transcranial ultrasound has surged forward as a non-invasive and disruptive tool for neuromodulation with applications in basic neuroscience research and the treatment of neurological and psychiatric conditions.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To provide a comprehensive overview and update of preclinical and clinical transcranial low intensity ultrasound for neuromodulation and emphasize the emerging role of functional brain mapping to guide, better understand, and predict responses.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A systematic review was conducted by searching the Web of Science and Scopus databases for studies on transcranial ultrasound neuromodulation, both in humans and animals.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>187 relevant studies were identified and reviewed, including 116 preclinical and 71 clinical reports with subjects belonging to diverse cohorts. Milestones of ultrasound neuromodulation are described within an overview of the broader landscape. General neural readouts and outcome measures are discussed, potential confounds are noted, and the emerging use of functional magnetic resonance imaging is highlighted.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Ultrasound neuromodulation has emerged as a powerful tool to study and treat a range of conditions and its combination with various neural readouts has significantly advanced this platform. In particular, the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging has yielded exciting inferences into ultrasound neuromodulation and has the potential to advance our understanding of brain function, neuromodulatory mechanisms, and ultimately clinical outcomes. It is anticipated that these preclinical and clinical trials are the first of many; that transcranial low intensity focused ultrasound, particularly in combination with functional magnetic resonance imaging, has the potential to enhance treatment for a spectrum of neurological conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"17 4","pages":"Pages 734-751"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1935861X24001037/pdfft?md5=f58adc6c5d5ecf997b06d29915503955&pid=1-s2.0-S1935861X24001037-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141330416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of add-on transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) in major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Jingjing Zhou ,&nbsp;Dan Li ,&nbsp;Fukang Ye ,&nbsp;Rui Liu ,&nbsp;Yuan Feng ,&nbsp;Zizhao Feng ,&nbsp;Ruinan Li ,&nbsp;Xiaoya Li ,&nbsp;Jing Liu ,&nbsp;Xueshan Zhang ,&nbsp;Jia Zhou ,&nbsp;Gang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2024.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2024.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The effect of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) on major depressive disorder (MDD) was not confirmed.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of tACS as an add-on treatment for the symptoms of depression and to understand how tACS affects brain activity.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The 4-week, double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled trial was performed from January 29, 2023 to December 22, 2023. Sixty-six participants were recruited and randomly assigned to receive 20 40-min sessions of either active (77.5Hz, 15 mA) or sham stimulation, with one electrode on the forehead and two on the mastoid, each day (n = 33 for each group) for four weeks (till Week 4). The participants were followed for 4 more weeks (till Week 8) without stimulation for efficacy/safety assessment. During the 4-week trial, all participants were required to take 10–20 mg of escitalopram daily. The primary efficacy endpoint was the change in HAMD-17 scores from baseline to Week 4 (with 20 treatment sessions completed). Resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) was collected with a 64-channel EEG system (Brain Products, Germany) at baseline and the Week 4 follow-up. The chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, independent-sample <em>t</em>-test, or Wilcoxon rank-sum test were used, as appropriate, to compare the differences in variables between groups. The effect of the intervention on the HAMD-17 score was also evaluated with linear mixed modeling (LMM) as sensitivity analysis. The correlation between the mean reduction in EEG and the mean reduction in the HAMD-17 total score was evaluated using Spearman correlation analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 66 patients (mean [SD] age, 28.4 [8.18] years; 52 [78.8 %] female) were randomized, and 57 patients completed the study. Significant differences were found in the reductions in the HAMD-17 scores at Week 4 (t = 3.44, <em>P</em> = 0.001). Response rates at Week 4 were significantly higher in the active tACS group than in the sham tACS group (22 out of 33 patients [66.7 %] versus 11 out of 33 [33.3 %], <em>P</em> = 0.007). In the active tACS group, a correlation between the mean change in alpha power and HAMD-17 scores at Week 4 was found (r = 2.38, <em>P</em> = 0.024), and the mean change in alpha power was significantly bigger for responders (Z = 2.46, <em>P</em> = 0.014). No serious adverse events were observed in this trial.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The additional antidepressant effect of tACS is significant, and the combination of tACS with antidepressants is a feasible and effective approach for the treatment of MDD. The antidepressant mechanism of tACS may be the reduction in alpha power in the left frontal lobe. Future research directions may include exploring more appropriate treatment parameters of tACS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"17 4","pages":"Pages 760-768"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1935861X24001025/pdfft?md5=898236cbd7c872beaf914447f4bb739c&pid=1-s2.0-S1935861X24001025-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141330417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case report of continuous theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation induced seizures in a patient with bipolar depression on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors","authors":"Simran Arora,&nbsp;Ayman Faaez,&nbsp;Pavan Kumar Pyda,&nbsp;Satish Suhas,&nbsp;Vanteemar S. Sreeraj,&nbsp;Urvakhsh Meherwan Mehta,&nbsp;John P. John","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2024.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2024.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"17 4","pages":"Pages 731-733"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1935861X24001001/pdfft?md5=4b0b9ccdb6fbed9a46ce02da9517d067&pid=1-s2.0-S1935861X24001001-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141295538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depressive symptom trajectories with prolonged rTMS treatment","authors":"Xiao Chen ,&nbsp;Daniel M. Blumberger ,&nbsp;Jonathan Downar ,&nbsp;Victoria J. Middleton ,&nbsp;Naima Monira ,&nbsp;Jennifer Bowman ,&nbsp;Joseph Kriske ,&nbsp;John Kriske ,&nbsp;Nancy Donachie ,&nbsp;Tyler S. Kaster","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2024.04.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2024.04.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>A prolonged repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment course could be beneficial for some patients experiencing major depressive episodes (MDE). We identified trajectories of rTMS response in depressive patients who received an extended rTMS treatment course and sought to determine which trajectories achieved the greatest benefit with a prolonged treatment course.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>We applied group-based trajectory modeling to a naturalistic dataset of depressive patients receiving a prolonged course of sequential bilateral rTMS (up to 51 treatment sessions) to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Trajectories of the PHQ-9 with extended treatment courses were characterized, and we explored the association between baseline clinical characteristics and group membership using multinomial logistic regression.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Among the 324 study participants, four trajectories were identified: “linear response, extended course” (N = 73; 22.5 %); “nonresponse” (N = 23; 7.1 %); “slowed response” (N = 159; 49.1 %); “rapid response, standard treatment length” (N = 69; 21.3 %). Only the “linear response, extended course” group showed considerable clinical improvement after receiving additional rTMS treatments. Greater baseline depressive symptoms were associated with linear response and non-response.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our results confirmed the distinctive response trajectories in depressive patients receiving rTMS and further highlighted that prolonged rTMS treatment courses may be beneficial for a subset of patients with higher initial symptom levels and linear early treatment response.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1935861X24000688/pdfft?md5=d4e85ecec872ad9297f883110324768a&pid=1-s2.0-S1935861X24000688-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140769408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of tDCS on inhibitory control and its transfer effect on sustained attention in children with autism spectrum disorder: An fNIRS study","authors":"Liu Chen ,&nbsp;Bang Du ,&nbsp;Ke Li ,&nbsp;Kaiyun Li ,&nbsp;TingTing Hou ,&nbsp;Fanlu Jia ,&nbsp;Li Li","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2024.04.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2024.04.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have inhibitory control deficits. The combination of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and inhibitory control training produces good transfer effects and improves neuroplasticity. However, no studies have explored whether applying tDCS over the dlPFC improves inhibitory control and produces transfer effects in children with ASD.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To explore whether multisession tDCS could enhance inhibitory control training (response inhibition), near-transfer (interference control) and far-transfer effects (sustained attention; stability of attention) in children with ASD and the generalizability of training effects in daily life and the class, as reflected by behavioral performance and neural activity measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Twenty-eight autistic children were randomly assigned to either the true or sham tDCS group. The experimental group received bifrontal tDCS stimulation at 1.5 mA, administered for 15 min daily across eight consecutive days. tDCS was delivered during a computerized Go/No-go training task. Behavioral performance in terms of inhibitory control (Dog/Monkey and Day/Night Stroop tasks), sustained attention (Continuous Performance and Cancellation tests), prefrontal cortex (PFC) neural activity and inhibitory control and sustained attention in the class and at home were evaluated.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Training (response inhibition) and transfer effects (interference control; sustained attention) were significantly greater after receiving tDCS during the Go/No-go training task than after receiving sham tDCS. Changes in oxyhemoglobin (HbO) concentrations in the dlPFC and FPA associated with consistent conditions in the Day/Night Stroop and Continuous Performance test were observed after applying tDCS during the inhibitory control training task. Notably, transfer effects can be generalized to classroom environments.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Inhibitory control training combined with tDCS may be a promising, safe, and effective method for improving inhibitory control and sustained attention in children with ASD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"17 3","pages":"Pages 594-606"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1935861X24000810/pdfft?md5=80a4e7b91d7f9e575bcbba66345e1da2&pid=1-s2.0-S1935861X24000810-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140858361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}