Brain Stimulation最新文献

{"title":"From subthalamic local field potentials to the selection of chronic deep brain stimulation contacts in Parkinson's disease - A systematic review","authors":"Marjolein Muller ,&nbsp;Mark F.C. van Leeuwen ,&nbsp;Carel F. Hoffmann ,&nbsp;Niels A. van der Gaag ,&nbsp;Rodi Zutt ,&nbsp;Saskia van der Gaag ,&nbsp;Alfred C. Schouten ,&nbsp;M. Fiorella Contarino","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Programming deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus for optimal symptom control in Parkinson's Disease (PD) requires time and trained personnel. Novel implantable neurostimulators allow local field potentials (LFP) recording, which could be used to identify the optimal (chronic) stimulation contact. However, literature is inconclusive on which LFP features and prediction techniques are most effective.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the performance of different LFP-based physiomarkers for predicting the optimal (chronic) stimulation contacts.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A literature search was conducted across nine databases, resulting in 418 individual papers. Two independent reviewers screened the articles based on title, abstract, and full text. The quality of included studies was assessed using a modified Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Case Series. Results were categorised in four classes based on the predictive performance with respect to the <em>a priori</em> chance.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty-five studies were included. Single-feature beta-band predictions demonstrated positive performance scores in 94 % of the outcomes. Predictions based on single non-beta-frequency features yielded positive scores in only 25 % of the outcomes, with positive results mainly for high frequency oscillations. Multi-feature predictions (e.g. machine learning) achieved accuracy scores within the two highest performance classes more often than single beta-based predictions (100 % versus 39 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Predicting the optimal stimulation contact based on LFP recordings is feasible and can improve DBS programming efficiency in PD. Single beta-band predictions show more promising results than non-beta-frequency features alone, but are outperformed by multi-feature predictions. Future research should further explore multi-feature predictions for optimal contact identification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"18 5","pages":"Pages 1499-1510"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144844490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyses of biomarkers for tremor using local field potentials recorded from deep brain stimulation electrodes in the thalamus","authors":"Karthik Kumaravelu ,&nbsp;Stephen L. Schmidt ,&nbsp;Yi Zhao ,&nbsp;Allison Vittert ,&nbsp;Brandon D. Swan ,&nbsp;Chintan S. Oza ,&nbsp;Jennifer J. Peters ,&nbsp;Kyle T. Mitchell ,&nbsp;Dennis A. Turner ,&nbsp;Warren M. Grill","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.08.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) of the thalamus (TH) is an effective therapy for suppressing tremor. One of the critical challenges to optimizing VIM-DBS therapy is the lack of robust neural biomarkers that correlate well with tremor.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To quantify biomarkers for tremor using intraoperative TH local field potential (LFP) recorded from DBS electrodes. Further, we used computational modeling to understand the biophysical basis of the recorded LFP signal.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We simultaneously recorded intraoperative TH LFP and tremor from the hand dorsum (32 participants) and during DBS at different frequencies (16 participants). Then, we simulated the effects of DBS and spatial distribution of tremor cells on calculated LFPs in a TH model.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There was a moderate correlation between tremor and LFP spectral power in the theta and alpha bands (r = 0.445 and 0.389, respectively). There was a strong correlation between tremor and peak coherence between LFP and tremor signal (r = 0.559). Postural tremor was decoded from the LFP signal with an area under the curve of ∼0.7. High frequency DBS reduced spectral power in the theta and alpha bands and tremor could be decoded from the LFP spectral power in the presence of DBS (0.429 goodness of fit R²). The theta power in the simulated LFP signal varied substantially with the specific location of the bipolar contact pair of the DBS electrode used for the LFP recordings as well as the spatial distribution of tremor cells.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Theta power alone was not sufficient for prediction of tremor control. Simulations indicated that the number and distribution of tremor cells surrounding the DBS lead may explain the lack of a strong correlation between tremor and theta power.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"18 5","pages":"Pages 1479-1489"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144829628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetoelectric nanoparticle technology for mitigating motor deficits in Parkinsonian mice","authors":"David Dominguez-Paredes ,&nbsp;Yasin Temel ,&nbsp;Aleksandra Milojkovic ,&nbsp;Daniëlle Mulder-Jongen ,&nbsp;Prachi Kumari ,&nbsp;Mario Ries ,&nbsp;Kristen Kozielski ,&nbsp;Ali Jahanshahi","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.08.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.08.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Deep brain stimulation (DBS) technology involves wired-in powering of electrodes to modulate deep brain targets in both clinical and preclinical settings. Previously, we demonstrated the feasibility of magnetoelectric nanoparticle (MENP)-based DBS for wireless modulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STh) in mice. However, key aspects such as their ability to alleviate symptoms in disease models, long-term stability and efficacy, as well as optimal magnetic field parameters used to power the particles, remain unaddressed.</div></div><div><h3>Material and method</h3><div>Herein, for the first time, we applied MENP-based STh-DBS in a Parkinson's disease (PD) model induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesioning to evaluate their potential to alleviate motor deficits. Throughout a parallel study, mice were monitored longitudinally for up to 18 months post injection to assess MENPs retention, efficacy, and long-term local effects.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>MENP-based STh-DBS using a field of 140 Hz, 220 mT direct current (DC) and 8 mT of alternating current (AC) was able to improve the locomotion of 6-OHDA treated mice with over 95 % dopaminergic cell loss in the substantia nigra. Postmortem assessment revealed no evidence of sustained or enhanced astro- or microgliosis over 18 months, and no changes in MENP retention or performance.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>MENP-based STh-DBS can counteract behavioral disturbances caused by impaired neural circuits following extensive dopaminergic cell loss in PD mice. Additionally, no adverse effects or loss of efficacy were observed over time for up to 18 months with respect to astro- and microgliosis. While effective modulation was only achieved with a higher magnetic coil configuration, this finding represents a critical step toward refining MENP-based neuromodulation in PD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"18 5","pages":"Pages 1551-1560"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144844497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bladder control side-effects of deep brain stimulation for major depressive disorder related to recruitment of distinct subcomponents of the anterior limb of the internal capsule","authors":"Kristin K. Sellers ,&nbsp;Leo P. Sugrue ,&nbsp;Alexandra G. Tremblay-McGaw ,&nbsp;Natalie C. Becker ,&nbsp;Pierre Nedelec ,&nbsp;Elissa J. Hamlat ,&nbsp;Edward F. Chang ,&nbsp;Andrew D. Krystal","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"18 5","pages":"Pages 1496-1498"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144841992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrophysiological changes in the acute phase after deep brain stimulation surgery","authors":"Lucia K. Feldmann ,&nbsp;Diogo Coutinho Soriano ,&nbsp;Jeroen Habets ,&nbsp;Valentina D'Onofrio ,&nbsp;Jonathan Kaplan ,&nbsp;Varvara Mathiopoulou ,&nbsp;Katharina Faust ,&nbsp;Gerd-Helge Schneider ,&nbsp;Doreen Gruber ,&nbsp;Georg Ebersbach ,&nbsp;Hayriye Cagnan ,&nbsp;Andrea A. Kühn","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>With the introduction of sensing-enabled deep brain stimulation devices, characterization of long-term biomarker dynamics is of growing importance for treatment optimization. The microlesion effect is a well-known phenomenon of transient clinical improvement in the acute post-operative phase. While beta band activity is confirmed as a reliable biomarker for bradykinesia using chronic recordings, little is known about the ideal time point for initial electrophysiology-based programming.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate the microlesion effect impact in chronic biomarker recordings.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Subthalamic peak biomarker power was continuously recorded during the first 40 post-operative days in 12 Parkinson's disease patients implanted with a sensing-enabled neurostimulator. Daily change in mean peak power and complexity was analyzed. Additionally, power spectral density at rest was compared between immediate postoperative period and three-months-follow-up. We additionally present continuous pallidal recordings in 2 dystonia patients.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mean peak power increased postoperatively, and the rate of change stabilized at 22–29 days. Peak power complexity showed a decrease in the number of recurrence states and laminarity, stabilizing around the same time point. Biomarker activity showed a significant increase at 3-month-follow up compared to the early post-operative phase. The microlesion effect was clinically reflected as a decrease in pre-vs. postoperative medication before setting of chronic stimulation parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The transient postoperative microlesional effect is characterized by reduced beta band power and reduced neural signal complexity that gradually stabilize towards the end of the first month after surgery and most likely reflect local neuronal adaptation. These findings are important for the timing of electrophysiology-supported DBS programming, such as contact selection or adaptive algorithms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"18 5","pages":"Pages 1579-1586"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144844489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accelerated bilateral theta burst stimulation for suicidal ideation in depression","authors":"Yanyan Wei ,&nbsp;Weiguang Zhai ,&nbsp;Xiaochen Tang ,&nbsp;Zhenying Qian ,&nbsp;Lihua Xu ,&nbsp;Huiru Cui ,&nbsp;Bin Long ,&nbsp;Tianhong Zhang ,&nbsp;Jijun Wang ,&nbsp;Lingyun Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"18 5","pages":"Pages 1490-1492"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144811819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuous theta-burst stimulation of the prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey: no behavioral evidence for within-target inhibition or neural evidence for cross-hemisphere disinhibition","authors":"Sebastian J. Lehmann ,&nbsp;Brian D. Corneil","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.07.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.07.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) can perturb neural activity and behaviour by inducing effects that persist beyond the relatively short stimulation period. Although widely used in basic research and clinical settings, there lacks an understanding of the neurophysiological and behavioral effects of cTBS.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives/hypothesis</h3><div>Two assumptions motivating the use of cTBS are that it will i) inhibit neural activity in the targeted area, and ii) consequently disinhibit neural activity in the mirroring region in the contralateral cortex. Here, we test these assumptions in the oculomotor system of healthy rhesus macaques.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In two macaques, we delivered cTBS between blocks of trials where they performed a delayed pro-/anti-saccade task. We delivered cTBS to the right PFC (areas 8Ar and 46, which includes the frontal eye fields; 32 <em>cTBS-PFC</em> sessions), to the air as a SHAM control (27 <em>cTBS-SHAM</em> sessions), or to the nearby primary motor cortex as a brain control (21 <em>cTBS-M1</em> sessions). Across these different types of sessions, we compared changes in oculomotor behaviour (reaction times, error rates, peak saccade velocity), and changes in neural activity recorded from the left, contralateral PFC.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Despite multiple lines of evidence consistent with TMS influencing neural activity in the cTBS-PFC and cTBS-M1 sessions, we found no behavioral evidence for inhibition of the right PFC in the cTBS-PFC sessions, nor any evidence for contralateral disinhibition in the left PFC.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our results call into question some of the fundamental assumptions underlying the application of cTBS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"18 5","pages":"Pages 1523-1538"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144717582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel integrated MRI-guided rTMS protocol for motor and language recovery","authors":"Ye Zhang,&nbsp;Wencong Liang,&nbsp;Nan Zhou,&nbsp;Hongzhe Pan,&nbsp;Yufeng Zang,&nbsp;Ruochen Zhao,&nbsp;Yeyun Lu,&nbsp;Daming Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.07.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.07.010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"18 5","pages":"Pages 1493-1495"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144648529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"All-optical mapping reveals distributed suppression of cortical sensory responses after optogenetic silencing","authors":"Manuel Ambrosone ,&nbsp;Elena Montagni ,&nbsp;Francesco Resta ,&nbsp;Tommaso Ulivi ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Curti ,&nbsp;Federica Polverini ,&nbsp;Giacomo Mazzamuto ,&nbsp;Guido Mannaioni ,&nbsp;Alessio Masi ,&nbsp;Francesco Saverio Pavone ,&nbsp;Anna Letizia Allegra Mascaro","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Significance</h3><div>We designed a novel all-optical tool to simultaneously silence neuronal activity at arbitrary sites on the dorsal cortex, and monitor the consequences of the manipulation. Optogenetic inhibition of primary sensory regions determined short and long-term dampening of the sensory response across a distributed cortical network.</div></div><div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Many fundamental processes of brain computation, such as sensory perception and motor control, heavily rely on the mesoscopic dynamics of activity across the cerebral cortex. Manipulating mesoscale activity and observing its effects across multiple brain regions is crucial for understanding the causal link between cortical dynamics and behavior.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The goal of this study was to develop a novel all-optical system that allows inhibition of excitatory neurons while simultaneously monitoring cortical responses at arbitrary sites across the entire dorsal cortex of mice.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We combined wide-field imaging and optogenetics to create a mesoscale all-optical approach, enabling simultaneous monitoring and manipulation of cortical activity using light. Intravenous injection of two PHP.eB AAVs enabled the whole-brain co-expression of the red-shifted calcium indicator jRCaMP1b and the inhibitory actuator stGtACR2, with stable expression over several weeks. This system was calibrated, and the effects of inhibition on sensory responses were tested.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Increasing laser power progressively reduced spontaneous activity at the site of irradiation. A single 5-s pulse on the barrel field cortex significantly decreased the amplitude of sensory-evoked responses, not only in the stimulated region but across the entire stimulated hemisphere.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This novel all-optical system enables targeted inhibition while concurrently monitoring mesoscale cortical activity. It provides insights into the dynamics of cortical circuits and offers a milestone for investigating the causal links between neuronal activity and behavior. Future research can use this tool to address sensory responsiveness impairments in neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"18 5","pages":"Pages 1514-1522"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144599473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen is correlated to treatment effect of electroconvulsive therapy in patients with depression","authors":"Christoffer Cramer Lundsgaard ,&nbsp;André Beyer Mathiassen ,&nbsp;Henrik Bo Wiberg Larsson ,&nbsp;Poul Videbech ,&nbsp;Krzysztof Gbyl ,&nbsp;Mark Bitsch Vestergaard","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Neurobiological understanding of the antidepressant mechanisms of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is important to advance the treatment. ECT may work by improving depression-related alterations in the cerebral oxygen metabolism.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>21 in-patients with depression treated with an ECT series were examined 1) within two days before, and 2) a few days (median = 4 days) after the last ECT session. Depression severity was assessed by the six-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-6). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to measure 1) global cerebral blood flow (CBF) by phase contrast mapping technique and 2) global cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO₂) by measuring cerebral extraction of oxygen (A-V.O₂) using susceptibility-based oximetry. Statistical analyses were performed using multiple linear regression, adjusting for age and gender.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>ECT relieved depressive symptoms from HDRS-6 = 13.9 to 5.2 (p &lt; 0.001), as expected. A larger increase in CMRO₂ after ECT was correlated with a better treatment effect (0.5 % reduction in HDRS-6 per 1 % increase in CMRO₂, adjusted R² = 0.24, p = 0.026). The effect was driven by both higher A-V.O₂ and increased CBF. Before ECT, an abnormal decoupling between CMRO₂ and CBF was observed, which was normalized after the treatment (adjusted R² = 0.17, p = 0.03).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The treatment effect of ECT for depression was associated with increased CMRO₂. Furthermore, ECT restored the normal coupling between CBF and CMRO₂. The results suggest that the cerebral oxygen metabolism may be abnormally altered in patients with depression and ECT restores such dysfunction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"18 5","pages":"Pages 1470-1478"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144607391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}