Brain Stimulation最新文献

{"title":"Modulation of motor cortical theta and gamma oscillations using phase-targeted, closed-loop optogenetic stimulation of local excitatory and inhibitory neurons","authors":"Jessica L. Myatt ,&nbsp;Robert Toth ,&nbsp;Timothy Denison ,&nbsp;Isaac Grennan ,&nbsp;Colin G. McNamara ,&nbsp;Charlotte J. Stagg ,&nbsp;Andrew Sharott","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Theta and gamma oscillations are prominent features of cortical local field potentials (LFPs) and stimulation of the motor cortex at these frequencies can enhance motor learning. Phase-targeted closed-loop stimulation could provide a more precise and effective method to modulate these oscillations, particularly if stimulation parameters could harness the dynamics of the specific circuit mechanisms underpinning the generation of these activities.</div><div>To investigate this, we defined the response of theta- and gamma-frequency oscillations in the motor cortex to closed-loop optogenetic stimulation of excitatory pyramidal neurons and inhibitory interneurons transfected with Channelrhodopsin-2 in awake, head-fixed RBP4-Cre (retinol-binding-protein-4) and PV-Cre (parvalbumin) mice, respectively. Phase-targeted blue-light pulses were delivered using the OscillTrack algorithm to track theta phase in the cortical LFP in real time and trigger stimulation at one of four target theta phases. Stimulation was delivered over a quarter of the target theta cycle, either as a single continuous pulse (“continuous” protocol) or three short pulses at gamma (75Hz) frequency (“gamma” protocol).</div><div>Stimulation of both neuron types, using either stimulation protocol, modulated theta power in a phase-dependent manner, with continuous stimulation of excitatory neurons leading to stronger modulation. Phase-dependent amplification during stimulation of excitatory vs inhibitory neurons was offset by 90°, in line with predictions from computational models. Replay of previously recorded closed-loop stimulation patterns in an open-loop configuration failed to reproduce the same phase-specific effects, highlighting the necessity of real-time closed-loop interaction to achieve precise modulation. Additionally, stimulation of pyramidal neurons using the gamma protocol selectively amplified gamma power, independently of the target theta phase.</div><div>These findings demonstrate that phase-dependent amplification of cortical theta power can be induced through targeted stimulation of local excitatory or inhibitory neurons, with the observed phase offset likely reflecting underlying circuit dynamics. This approach provides a framework for developing more effective brain stimulation strategies aimed at modulating oscillatory activity in humans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"19 2","pages":"Article 103034"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146043830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Site-specific stimulation imperative: Lessons from a failed auricular-cervical transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation comparison using closely matched parameters","authors":"Xuejuan Yang ,&nbsp;Meiling Wei ,&nbsp;Yunyun Jiao ,&nbsp;Xinxin Xue ,&nbsp;Yuwei Liu ,&nbsp;Rong Li ,&nbsp;Xiao Zeng ,&nbsp;Jinbo Sun ,&nbsp;Wei Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.103022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.103022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Transcutaneous auricular and cervical vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS/tcVNS) are promising neuromodulatory approaches. However, their site-specific effects remain poorly understood, complicating clinical protocol selection.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aims to directly compare taVNS and tcVNS modulation on key biomarkers, including heart-evoked potential (HEP), neuro-cardiac coupling (NCC), heart rate variability (HRV) and salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) using closely matched, taVNS-optimized parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In a within-subject design, 33 healthy adults underwent taVNS, tcVNS, and sham stimulation. Electroencephalogram, electrocardiogram, and salivary samples were collected. Computational modeling was used to verify cervical vagus engagement.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Modeling revealed that the applied parameters failed to activate the deep cervical vagus nerve (peak E-field: 2.07 V/m at 1.5 mA, far below the 12.3 V/m activation threshold). Consequently, the ‘‘tcVNS” condition was reassessed as non-specific cervical stimulation (nscES). A limited, post-stimulation increase in HEP amplitude was observed at the F4 electrode following taVNS. No significant Time × Condition interactions were found for NCC, HRV, or sAA. However, exploratory analyses revealed that nscES produced a robust sAA increase, highlighting the potent confound of non-specific somatic afferent activation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The inability to activate the cervical vagus nullifies direct comparison, illustrates a critical methodological consideration for cross-site comparisons: anatomical depth necessitates site-specific stimulation protocols. We therefore propose that future cross-site tVNS comparisons adopt a “verify-first” framework, where target engagement is validated (e.g., via modeling or neuroimaging) prior to physiological comparison. The pronounced sAA response to cervical stimulation, which we demonstrate can be elicited independently of vagal engagement, questions the specificity of sAA as a vagus biomarker and underscores the necessity of rigorous active controls to isolate vagus-specific effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"19 2","pages":"Article 103022"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145892179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Intra-Rater Reliability of Neuro-Mobinavigation: A Mobile App and Laser-Guided Novel System of Motor HotSpot Localization” [Brain Stimulation 18 4 (2025) 1333-1349]","authors":"Hussein Youssef ,&nbsp;A. Emre Öge ,&nbsp;Koen Cuypers ,&nbsp;Atay Vural","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103063","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"19 2","pages":"Article 103063"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147398994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network-targeted TMS modulates nicotine craving and default mode network connectivity in psychotic disorders","authors":"Heather Burrell Ward ,&nbsp;Sophia H. Blyth ,&nbsp;Simon Vandekar ,&nbsp;Baxter P. Rogers ,&nbsp;Gulcan Yildiz ,&nbsp;Jillian G. Connolly ,&nbsp;Brett Clementz ,&nbsp;Elliot Gershon ,&nbsp;Matcheri Keshavan ,&nbsp;Jennifer McDowell ,&nbsp;Shashwath Meda ,&nbsp;Godfrey Pearlson ,&nbsp;Carol Tamminga ,&nbsp;Mark A. Halko ,&nbsp;Roscoe O. Brady","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Tobacco use is the top preventable cause of early mortality in schizophrenia, but the underlying pathophysiology remains unknown. In schizophrenia, small studies have linked default mode network (DMN) organization to tobacco use and showed that nicotine normalizes DMN disorganization. We sought to 1) validate the relationship between DMN organization and tobacco use using a large psychosis-spectrum sample (Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes 2, B-SNIP2); and 2) test if targeting this network with single and multiple sessions of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) would affect craving.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In B-SNIP2 (n = 596), we tested associations between DMN connectivity and tobacco use. In the Single Session DMN-targeted TMS study, 10 individuals received single TMS sessions (intermittent theta burst stimulation, iTBS; continuous theta burst stimulation, cTBS; sham) with pre-/post-neuroimaging and craving assessment. In the Accelerated, Multi-Session DMN-targeted cTBS study, 12 individuals received 5 cTBS sessions with pre-/post-neuroimaging and craving assessment.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In B-SNIP2 (n = 596), current smokers had lower DMN connectivity than former (p = .017) and never smokers (p = .021). These differences were also observed in the psychosis group (current vs. former p = .044; current vs. never p = .011). In the Single Session DMN-targeted TMS study (n = 10), there was a treatment∗time interaction (p = .020) where iTBS increased craving (p_adj = 0.018) compared to cTBS. In the Accelerated, Multi-Session DMN-targeted cTBS study (n = 12), DMN-targeted cTBS reduced craving after each session (p &lt; .001) and reduced DMN connectivity (p = .047).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We identified a potential mechanism of nicotine use in psychosis and demonstrated that engaging this target reduces craving, suggesting a novel target for nicotine interventions in psychosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"19 2","pages":"Article 103064"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147316522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tractography-guided versus clinical contact selection for deep brain stimulation in tremor - A prospective clinical trial","authors":"Christina van der Linden ,&nbsp;Thea Berger ,&nbsp;Till A. Dembek ,&nbsp;Gregor A. Brandt ,&nbsp;Joshua N. Strelow ,&nbsp;Juan Carlos Baldermann ,&nbsp;Hannah Jergas ,&nbsp;Gereon R. Fink ,&nbsp;Veerle Visser-Vandewalle ,&nbsp;Michael T. Barbe ,&nbsp;Jan Niklas Petry-Schmelzer","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Imaging-guided programming strategies for deep brain stimulation (DBS) offer the potential to reduce programming time and complexity. However, evidence-based paradigms tailored to tremor remain unavailable. Converging research points to an involvement of the dentato-rubro-thalamic tract (DRTT) in tremor pathophysiology across diseases, providing a potential target for imaging-guided programming in Essential Tremor (ET) and Parkinson's Disease (PD).</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To prospectively evaluate whether imaging-guided contact selection for tremor control based on individual tractography of the DRTT is non-inferior to clinical contact selection.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Tremor control was assessed in an acute challenge for each DBS contact in 16 ET and 24 PD patients with directional DBS leads in the thalamic ventral intermediate nucleus/posterior subthalamic area (ET) or subthalamic nucleus (PD). The effect of the clinically most effective contact was compared to the effect of the contact with the largest overlap of the stimulation spread with the individual DRTT. Primary outcome was the difference in relative tremor improvement between clinical and imaging-guided contact selection, assessed by an accelerometry-based tremor score, assuming a non-inferiority margin of ≤20%.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Tremor control achieved via the imaging-based selected contact was non-inferior to tremor control via the contact chosen by clinical testing for ET (median difference best clinical vs. best imaging-based contact −8%, 95% CI -11.5% to −3.5%) and PD (median difference −10%, 95% CI -20% to −4%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study provides class-II evidence that the overlap of the stimulation spread with the individual DRTT is a suitable marker for imaging-guided contact selection for DBS in tremor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"19 2","pages":"Article 103061"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147302495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electroconvulsive stimulation elicits antidepressant-like effects via βCaMKII-dependent lateral habenula modulation","authors":"Ying Zhang ,&nbsp;Qiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuxuan Yang ,&nbsp;Binyang Cai ,&nbsp;Zhaojuan Ke ,&nbsp;Jie Luo ,&nbsp;Hengsheng Chen ,&nbsp;Yao Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) remains a highly effective intervention for acute episodes of major depressive disorder, offering rapid and robust antidepressant effects. However, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear, as prior studies focusing on conventional brain regions (e.g., the hippocampus) have not fully accounted for ECT's distinct therapeutic profile compared to slow-acting antidepressants. Emerging evidence implicates the lateral habenula (LHb) in mediating rapid antidepressant responses. Nevertheless, its role in ECT's efficacy and the involvement of key molecular targets within the LHb remain unexplored.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We investigated the impact of electroconvulsive stimulation (ECS, an animal model of ECT) on depressive-like behaviors and neurological alterations in the LHb, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Using a chronic restraint stress (CRS) mouse model of depression, we administered ECS and assessed behavioral outcomes alongside molecular and synaptic changes in different brain regions. To assess mechanistic involvement, we modulated βCaMKII expression in the LHb.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>ECS ameliorated CRS-induced depressive-like behaviors and reversed synaptic abnormalities in the LHb and hippocampus. ECS induced region-specific bidirectional changes in protein expression profiles in the LHb versus hippocampus, corresponding to its opposing effects on CRS-induced depressive impairments in these brain regions. Notably, LHb βCaMKII overexpression abolished all therapeutic effects of ECS.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings identify the LHb as a crucial target for ECS-induced antidepressant-like effects, mediated through region-specific mechanisms that require βCaMKII-dependent synaptic modulation within the LHb.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"19 2","pages":"Article 103033"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146002862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re: Rezai A, Ranjan M, Bhagwat A et al. “Brain injury during focused ultrasound neuromodulation for substance use disorder.” Brain stimul. 2025","authors":"Muhammad Zubair","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103030","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"19 2","pages":"Article 103030"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145988293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation enhances episodic memory across valences and memory stages","authors":"Alison Mary ,&nbsp;Haniyeh Nematollahi ,&nbsp;Diego Torres ,&nbsp;Yulia Chernyshkova ,&nbsp;Kristl Vonck ,&nbsp;Evelien Carrette","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) is a promising non-invasive neuromodulation technique with the potential to enhance memory. However, the optimal timing of stimulation across memory stages—encoding, consolidation, and retrieval—remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to systematically investigate the effects of taVNS applied at three different stages of episodic memory processing.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 90 healthy young adults (mean age = 23.71 ± 2.90) participated in a randomized, single-blind, within-subject, crossover experiment involving both active taVNS and sham stimulation conditions. Participants were assigned to receive stimulation during one of three memory stages. They learned emotional (positive and negative) and neutral pictures. Memory performance was assessed 24 h later through a free recall task. Mixed-effects logistic regressions were used to analyze the effects of stimuli valence, stimulation conditions and timing on memory performance.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>taVNS significantly enhanced memory recall compared to sham stimulation (χ² (1) = 22.1, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), regardless of whether it was administered during encoding, consolidation, or retrieval (χ² (2) = 0.98, <em>p</em> = 0.6). Emotional stimuli (positive and negative) were better recalled than neutral ones (χ² (2) = 46.54, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), but no interaction between valence and stimulation timing was observed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>taVNS enhances episodic memory across all stages of memory processing, likely through arousal-related mechanisms. These findings support taVNS as a flexible cognitive enhancement tool that might be promising for different clinical populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"19 2","pages":"Article 103051"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technical note: Movement-related artifacts in local field potential signals may influence adaptive deep brain stimulation","authors":"D. Hubers ,&nbsp;B.S. Doelkahar ,&nbsp;B.J. Keulen ,&nbsp;M.J. Stam ,&nbsp;M.G.J. de Neeling ,&nbsp;B.C.M. van Wijk ,&nbsp;P.R. Schuurman ,&nbsp;R.M.A. de Bie ,&nbsp;M. Beudel","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103027","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"19 2","pages":"Article 103027"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146002873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulated default mode network electric fields are associated with cognitive response to transcranial alternating current stimulation in mild Alzheimer's disease","authors":"Aonan Li ,&nbsp;Yi Xing ,&nbsp;Siyuan Xie ,&nbsp;Weiyu Meng ,&nbsp;Zhen Wu ,&nbsp;Nianshuang Wu ,&nbsp;Zhibin Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Zhu ,&nbsp;Xinrui Shi ,&nbsp;Beijia Xie ,&nbsp;Yunsi Yin ,&nbsp;Yingxin Mi ,&nbsp;Tao Wei ,&nbsp;Yuchen Qiao ,&nbsp;Jiaxuan Wei ,&nbsp;Guanghao Zhang ,&nbsp;Yi Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103056","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"19 2","pages":"Article 103056"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146225538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}