Brain Stimulation最新文献

{"title":"A Reproducible Safety Assessment Model for Concurrent Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation with Implanted Intracranial Electroencephalography Electrodes.","authors":"Andrew Chang, Jakob Michiels, Gustavo Campos, Younghoon Nho, Romain Duprat, Nikolaos Vardalakis, Ashley Koluda, Liming Qiu, Wonkyung Choi, Robert Seilheimer, Taneeta M Ganguly, Roy H Hamilton, Daniel A N Barbosa, Katherine Scangos, Desmond Oathes, Casey Halpern, Flavia Vitale","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2026.103238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation and intracranial EEG (TMS-sEEG) offers a powerful approach for interrogating human brain circuits with high spatiotemporal resolution. However, standardized safety testing procedures for TMS in the presence of implanted electrodes are lacking.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To establish and validate a reproducible methodological framework for assessing TMS safety with sEEG hardware, addressing potential risks of electrode displacement, heating, and secondary current induction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A conductive agarose phantom implanted with clinical-grade platinum sEEG electrodes was exposed to single-pulse TMS (0.4 Hz), repetitive TMS (1-50 Hz), and intermittent theta burst stimulation. Electrode displacement was quantified via high-speed video and motion tracking. Temperature changes were measured with fiber-optic thermal probes positioned at stimulated electrode contacts. Induced voltages were recorded using an oscilloscope and intracranial EEG hardware, and secondary current and charge density were calculated from oscilloscope outputs and impedance measurements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>sEEG lead displacement remained micrometer-scale across stimulation conditions, with a maximum transient displacement of 10.99 μm and a maximum 1-s mean displacement from the pre-TMS position of 16.27 μm. Temperature changes remained well within the 2°C safety threshold across all tested conditions; in the primary temperature series, the maximum observed increase was 0.073°C. Induced voltages and charge densities remained below established safety limits, exhibiting consistent exponential decay with increasing distance from the coil. All stimulation conditions, including those exceeding typical clinical ranges, remained well within safety margins.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Under the tested conditions in a controlled phantom environment, TMS exposure produced micrometer-scale transient and longer-timescale displacement, temperature changes within established safety thresholds, and charge densities within established safety thresholds. This validated methodological pipeline provides a standardized framework for future safety experiments involving TMS and implanted devices and supports continued development of TMS-sEEG as a tool for studying human brain circuitry and neuromodulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":" ","pages":"103238"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149214958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transdiagnostic Efficacy, Durability, and Optimal Parameters of rTMS for Cognitive Rehabilitation: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Ahmad M S Ali, Maxine Gorter, Rasheed Zakaria, Michael D Jenkinson, Bernhard Frank, Martin Klein, Philip C de Witt Hamer, Linda Douw","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2026.103226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is a promising non-invasive neuromodulation technique for cognitive rehabilitation. We evaluated the cognitive effects of rTMS on neurological and psychiatric diseases to determine moderators of efficacy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) comparing real versus sham rTMS to July 2025 was performed. Objective cognition reported as primary or secondary outcomes were extracted and Hedges' g effect sizes computed. Univariate and multivariate three-level meta-analyses were performed to estimate pooled effect sizes and assess moderator influence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>748 measures from 137 studies (5,972 participants) were extracted. Real rTMS produced a significant cognitive enhancement (g=0.28, p<0.0001, I2=37.3%). This was durable over 2-52 weeks follow-up. There was efficacy across all cognitive domains (g>0.20, I2=35.8). Neurodegenerative (g=0.35) and focal (g=0.44) conditions demonstrated stronger effects than psychiatric conditions (g=0.20). Although stimulation target was not a significant moderator overall, the Inferior Frontal Gyrus showed the largest effect (g=0.45), with significant effects also at the left and right DLPFC and left parietal cortex (g=0.29-0.45), all nodes of the Frontoparietal Network. 1-Hz stimulation produced a significantly larger effect (g=0.39) than the 10-Hz reference (g=0.19); 5-Hz, 20-Hz and iTBS were also significantly positive (g=0.30-0.49). In multivariate models, adding 10 rTMS sessions improved cognitive outcomes (Δg=+0.077), whereas increasing the number of pulses per session trended toward reduced efficacy. All effects were confirmed in a left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex subgroup analysis. Subjective cognition was measured in only 6% of studies. A multivariate prediction tool is introduced: https://amsali.shinyapps.io/tms_cognition_prediction/ CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis demonstrates the sustained efficacy of rTMS in enhancing cognitive function, with small-to-moderate effect sizes across diverse clinical populations and stimulation protocols. However, a significant gap remains regarding whether these objective neurocognitive gains translate into meaningful improvements in subjective cognition or functional outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":" ","pages":"103226"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149215019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliable change in autobiographical memory after electroconvulsive therapy: Depressed-control reference data and one-year follow-up.","authors":"Ana Jelovac, Sarah Thompson, Kevin McDonnell, Cathal McCaffrey, Emma Whooley, Gabriele Naughton, Declan M McLoughlin","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Columbia University Autobiographical Memory Interview-Short Form (AMI-SF) is commonly used in electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) research, but reference data are lacking for determining whether decline observed after ECT exceeds expected retest change.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Individual participant data from 99 depressed inpatients with no lifetime ECT exposure and 218 ECT recipients treated with right unilateral (RUL) or bitemporal (BT) ECT were analysed. Reliable decline was defined relative to depressed controls assessed over equivalent intervals using reliable change indices and standardised regression-based methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In depressed controls, the mean percentage of baseline autobiographical information reproduced was 76.9% at end-of-treatment, 75.1% at 3 months, 68.4% at 6 months, and 65.5% at 12 months. At end-of-treatment, approximately three in ten RUL patients and one in two BT patients showed reliable decline. At 12 months, corresponding proportions were one in ten after RUL and three in ten after BT ECT. On average, lower proportions at later follow-ups did not indicate recovery of memories not recalled at end-of-treatment; mean scores in ECT groups remained broadly unchanged during long-term follow-up while controls declined further.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Autobiographical memory decline exceeding that expected in depressed controls was common acutely after ECT and remained substantially more frequent after BT than RUL ECT at one year follow-up. After RUL ECT, nine in ten patients did not meet reliable decline criteria at one-year follow-up. These psychometric thresholds describe statistically unusual change, not necessarily clinically meaningful retrograde amnesia.</p>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":" ","pages":"103236"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149191116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Hair and Coupling Conditions on Acoustic Transmission in Transcranial Ultrasound Stimulation: A Hair-Phantom Study.","authors":"Liyuan Ren, Yu Hu, Shanbao Tong, Junfeng Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2026.103235","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":" ","pages":"103235"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149191104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Capacity transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (HC-tDCS).","authors":"Kyle Donnery, Mohamad FallahRad, Santiago Osorio, Mojtaba Belali Koochesfahani, Niranjan Khadka, Matthew Saw, Jinglin Mo, Benjamin Babaev, Rayyan Bhuiyan, Jana M Elwassif, Marom Bikson","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2026.103233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Enhancing tDCS technology can support the delivery of higher current intensities, enabling broader dose-response studies in human clinical trials.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>High-Capacity tDCS (HC-tDCS) integrates novel electrodes and adaptive current/voltage controlled electronics. Multi-layer HC electrodes include polarity-specific redox layers and engineered hydrogel interfaces, configured for a bifrontotemporal montage. The stimulator design includes adaptive ramps with hybrid voltage-current control and low compliance voltage. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) characterized electrode properties. Tolerability of HC-tDCS was tested at target currents of 1-6 mA (in 1 mA increments) for 30 min on 10 healthy subjects, and compared with conventional tDCS using 2 mA F3-F4 sponge-electrodes. Tolerability was assessed according to the 100 mm visual analogue scale for pain (VAS-P100), skin erythema assessment, thermal imaging, and adverse event questionnaires. MRI-derived computational models predicted brain electric fields.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The electrode design incorporating roughened redox layers with polarity-specific electrochemical capacity supports high-charge direct current stimulation. In all subjects, HC-tDCS was well tolerated at all tested doses (1-6 mA) with minor transient adverse events. Mean VAS-P100 (± SD) was 17.17 ± 11.12 for 6 mA HC-tDCS and 18.30 ± 9.49 for 2 mA sponge-electrode tDCS. HC-tDCS operated at lower voltage than sponge-tDCS. Across MRI-derived head models, 6 mA HC-tDCS produced 2.25-3.26 V/m electric fields, ∼4x higher than conventional 2 mA tDCS electric fields of 0.49-0.85 V/m. 6 mA HC-tDCS produced >1 V/m across all evaluated regions, including dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, insula, and amygdala, whereas no evaluated region reached 0.5 V/m with conventional 2 mA tDCS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HC-tDCS was well tolerated by participants and expands the accessible tDCS dose range, enabling stimulation up to at least 6 mA and substantially higher electric fields throughout cortical and deeper brain regions than conventional 2 mA tDCS.</p>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":" ","pages":"103233"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149165001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A modular system for multichannel transcranial magnetic stimulation: physical and physiological characterization of electric field profiles","authors":"Mohammad Daneshzand,&nbsp;Evgenii Kim,&nbsp;Danyal Bhutto,&nbsp;Netri Pajankar,&nbsp;Yixin Ma,&nbsp;Dexuan Tang,&nbsp;Parker Kotlarz,&nbsp;Lucia I. Navarro de Lara,&nbsp;Mark Eldaief,&nbsp;Sergey N. Makaroff,&nbsp;Aapo Nummenmaa","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is an established non-invasive neuromodulation technique, with growing evidence suggesting that targeting multiple interconnected nodes may enable more selective network-level control. However, multisite stimulation remains constrained by the fixed field geometry and limited focality of conventional coils.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To introduce and characterize a modular multichannel transcranial magnetic stimulation (mTMS) array capable of electronically steering the induced electric field (E-field) without mechanical coil movement.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The array consists of two custom-made 3-axis TMS coils arranged with a slight tilt to approximate head curvature and enhance stimulation depth and efficiency. This modular architecture allows flexible adjustment of coils spacing and orientation. Computational simulations and <em>in vivo</em> experiments demonstrate that independently driven coil elements can be combined to form distinct “virtual coils”, enabling controlled electronic shifts of the E-field hotspot.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Using a physical-versus-electronic hotspot displacement paradigm with repeated resting motor threshold (rMT) estimation, we show that electronic E-field shifts of ±1 cm produce effects comparable to physically moving the coil. Computational modeling analysis confirms that the electronically synthesized virtual coil configurations elicit systematic E-field shifts in precentral gyrus that are spatially consistent with the measured rMT at each physical coil array location. The system achieved functional resolution consistent with the known spatial accuracy of TMS, with variability within expected limits of neuronavigation and calibration errors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings establish the feasibility and physiological relevance of electronically controlled E-field steering using a modular coil array. This platform provides a scalable foundation for next generation mTMS systems supporting multifocal stimulation of distributed brain networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"19 5","pages":"Article 103193"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148788438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct substantia nigra deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease: Efficacy, safety, and the frequency-response relationship","authors":"Yuye Liu,&nbsp;Chenguan Jiang,&nbsp;Bingxin Li,&nbsp;Yan Liu,&nbsp;Zhou Yang,&nbsp;Yichen Xu,&nbsp;Anbang Yao,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Zhang,&nbsp;Anchao Yang,&nbsp;Fangang Meng,&nbsp;Jianguo Zhang,&nbsp;Lin Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The substantia nigra (SN) is an emerging deep brain stimulation (DBS) target for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, its independent therapeutic profile remains obscured by concurrent subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation in clinical practice. We systematically evaluated the frequency-dependent efficacy, longitudinal feasibility, and clinical boundaries of direct SN DBS to optimize both targeted nigral modulation and STN-SN combined stimulation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Phase 1 comprised an acute randomized crossover assessment in which 30 participants underwent both SN stimulation at 10, 30, and 130 Hz and standard STN stimulation at 130 Hz. Outcomes included the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III (MDS-UPDRS III), objective gait kinematics, and episodic memory. Phase 2 was an exploratory, non-randomized 3-month feasibility cohort. Seven participants initiated chronic SN stimulation; two discontinued because of treatment-limiting adverse events, and longitudinal outcomes were available for five treatment-tolerant completers, with descriptive comparison to five STN-DBS comparator participants.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>SN-DBS produced clear, frequency-dependent acute motor improvements. High-frequency (130 Hz) stimulation yielded the most pronounced clinical benefits, including a 43.6% reduction in MDS-UPDRS III and a 13.5% increase in stride length. The motor and spatial gait effects at 130 Hz were of similar magnitude to those observed with standard STN-DBS, while episodic memory performance remained stable across stimulation conditions. Patient-specific VTA mapping identified an outcome-associated region predominantly within the dorsal SN, and greater spatial overlap was associated with greater motor improvement. In Phase 2, chronic SN stimulation was maintained for 3 months in five of seven participants; two discontinued because of treatment-limiting adverse events. Among the five completers, 3-month follow-up showed sustained motor improvement together with favorable changes across several non-motor clinical domains.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Direct SN stimulation produced a clear frequency-dependent acute response in PD, with 130 Hz yielding the strongest motor and spatial gait benefits among the tested frequencies and effects of similar magnitude to standard STN stimulation. VTA mapping localized the strongest response-associated region predominantly within the dorsal SN, and the 3-month observations provided a basis for further development of anatomically precise and individualized SN neuromodulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"19 5","pages":"Article 103186"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148719823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preoperative navigated TMS workflow for intracortical BCI implantation in post-stroke aphasia: a case report","authors":"Arthur Wagner,&nbsp;Maria Goldberg,&nbsp;Viktor M. Eisenkolb,&nbsp;Ghaith Altawalbeh,&nbsp;Carolin Albrecht,&nbsp;Leonie Kram,&nbsp;Ann-Katrin Ohlerth,&nbsp;Haosu Zhang,&nbsp;Jens Gempt,&nbsp;Sandro M. Krieg,&nbsp;Bernhard Meyer,&nbsp;Chiara Negwer","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103204","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"19 5","pages":"Article 103204"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148905102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noninvasive tFUS stimulation of the parabrachial nucleus suppresses lever pressing during extinction of cocaine self-administration through aversive circuit engagement","authors":"Gyeong Hee Pyeon,&nbsp;Jihong Lim,&nbsp;Jaeyong Lee,&nbsp;Jihyun Lee,&nbsp;Hyunjoo Jenny Lee,&nbsp;Yong Sang Jo","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Drug addiction is a significant public health concern, and persistent drug-seeking behavior remains difficult to control in severe cases. While invasive interventions have been explored to suppress these behaviors, their use is limited by procedural complexity, highlighting the need for effective noninvasive neuromodulatory approaches. Transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) provides a noninvasive approach for deep-brain neuromodulation, but its ability to produce persistent behavioral effects by targeting the extralateral parabrachial nucleus (elPBN) remains unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Mice were trained to self-administer cocaine using an operant lever-press paradigm. Following stable cocaine self-administration, active lever presses triggered response-contingent tFUS stimulation instead of cocaine delivery. Stimulation was delivered through the intact skull and targeted to the elPBN for four consecutive days.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>tFUS delivered to the elPBN elicited aversive-related behavioral responses consistent with those previously reported using optogenetic stimulation of this region. In the operant task, tFUS stimulation significantly reduced active lever responding compared with controls. Together, these results indicate that response-contingent engagement of aversive signaling within the elPBN suppressed operant responding previously reinforced by cocaine. This behavioral suppression persisted after a two-week abstinence period, indicating that the effect extended beyond the stimulation phase.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Noninvasive tFUS targeting the elPBN produced persistent suppression of operant responding previously reinforced by cocaine. Replacing cocaine delivery with response-contingent stimulation of an aversion-related brainstem region produced a lasting change in reward-associated behavior. These findings support further investigation of deep-brain tFUS as a noninvasive neuromodulation approach for modifying maladaptive drug-related behaviors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"19 5","pages":"Article 103197"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148839286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-target focused ultrasound neuromodulation of a subcallosal cingulate mediated depression network: A case study using personalized functional mapping","authors":"Benjamin Davidson,&nbsp;Ryan M. Jones,&nbsp;Dallan McMahon,&nbsp;Kristiana Xhima,&nbsp;Leonardo Favi Bocca,&nbsp;Yuexi Huang,&nbsp;Soraly Blanco,&nbsp;Christopher B. Pople,&nbsp;Peter Giacobbe,&nbsp;Sean M. Nestor,&nbsp;Jennifer S. Rabin,&nbsp;Clement Hamani,&nbsp;Kamil Uludag,&nbsp;Maged Goubran,&nbsp;Kullervo Hynynen,&nbsp;Nir Lipsman","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2026.103198","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"19 5","pages":"Article 103198"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148886337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}