Brain Stimulation最新文献

{"title":"Reply to Simani et al.Home-Based tDCS: Safety Considerations and Technical Monitoring.","authors":"Ulrike Vogelmann, Meltem Baskonus","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.09.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2025.09.023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145257351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of temperature elevation associated with low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) stimulation with or without a deep brain electrode.","authors":"Vishal Rao, John Coetzee, Lubaina Perez, Alejandra Penalba, Maheen Adamson, Byung C Yoon","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.10.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2025.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145257342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal asymmetric electric field pulses for selective transcranial magnetic stimulation with minimised power and coil heating.","authors":"Ke Ma, Andrey Vlasov, Zeynep B Simsek, Jinshui Zhang, Yiru Li, Boshuo Wang, David L K Murphy, Jessica Y Choi, Maya E Clinton, Noreen Bukhari-Parlakturk, Angel V Peterchev, Stephan M Goetz","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.09.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2025.09.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with asymmetric electric field pulses, such as monophasic, offers directional selectivity for neural activation but requires excessive energy. Previous pulse shape optimisation has been limited to symmetric pulses or heavily constrained variations of conventional waveforms without achieving general optimality in energy efficiency or neural selectivity.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We sought to develop a minimally constrained optimisation framework for identifying energy-efficient asymmetric TMS pulses with directional selectivity of neural stimulation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We implemented a novel optimisation framework that incorporates neuron model activation constraints and flexible control of pulse asymmetry. The optimised waveforms were experimentally validated against conventional and previously optimised pulses. We measured motor thresholds for conventional pulses as well as one of the optimised unidirectional rectangular (OUR) pulses and compared its MEP latency for anterior-posterior (AP) and posterior-anterior (PA) electric field directions in six healthy human subjects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimised electric field waveforms had leading phases with a time constant of 280±15μs (mean±SD) and near-rectangular main stimulation phases. They achieved up to 92% and 88% reduction in energy loss and thus heating compared to conventional monophasic pulses and previously improved monophasic-equivalent pulses, respectively. In the human experiments, OUR pulses showed similar motor thresholds to monophasic pulses in both AP and PA directions whilst achieving significantly lower energy loss, particularly in the AP direction. Moreover, there was a significant MEP latency difference of 1.79±0.41ms (mean±SE) between AP and PA direction with OUR pulses, suggesting directional selectivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our framework successfully identified highly energy-efficient asymmetric pulses for directionally-selective neural engagement. These pulses can enable selective rapid-rate repetitive TMS protocols with reduced power consumption and coil heating, with potential benefits for precision and potency of neuromodulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145238054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"POST-INHIBITORY REBOUND EXCITATION DRIVES EXTENSOR ACTIVITY FOLLOWING SPINAL CORD STIMULATION.","authors":"Amr A Mahrous, Matthieu Chardon, Michael Johnson, Jack Miller, C J Heckman","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.10.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2025.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neural circuits throughout the CNS can exhibit rebound excitation following prolonged periods of inhibition. However, the potential to control this phenomenon and harness it for clinical applications remains largely unexplored.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We investigate rebound excitatory responses evoked by spinal cord stimulation (SCS) that can generate functional motor output, providing a testable model of circuit-level rebound excitation relevant to neuromodulation across the CNS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Brief (5 sec) electrical stimulation trains were delivered to the lumbar spinal cord in adult cats. We recorded intracellular neuronal activity in the cord and EMG and force output from hindlimb muscles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SCS elicited a robust and long-lasting rebound excitation selectively targeting the ipsilateral ankle extensors-a response we term Long Extension Activated Post-stimulation (LEAP). The force output during LEAP can support weight-bearing in cats, underscoring its clinical potential. Intracellular recordings revealed that extensor motoneurons received strong inhibitory inputs during stimulation, driven by reciprocal inhibition via proprioceptive afferents. Upon cessation of stimulation, a shift to a rebound excitatory synaptic input occurred, resulting in sustained firing in extensor motoneurons during LEAP. We also observed concurrent dynamic changes in interneuron firing across spinal laminae, suggesting broad circuit engagement. We systematically mapped the parameter space required to reliably evoke LEAP, including stimulation location, amplitude, and frequency, providing a framework for controlled rebound activation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>LEAP represents a novel rebound response that can generate weight-supporting postural output. This mechanism not only expands the therapeutic potential of SCS in motor disorders but also serves as a model for modulating rebound excitation throughout the CNS.</p>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145238036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cortical stimulation to treat chronic pain: no longer call it \"motor cortex stimulation\" but \"precentral cortex stimulation\".","authors":"Jean-Pascal Lefaucheur, Jean-Paul Nguyen, Hasan Hodaj, Marc Sindou, Benjamin Bardel","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.10.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2025.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microscopic electric fields form mesoscale electric fields and influence TMS activation thresholds.","authors":"K Weise, S N Makaroff, Z Qi, B Danskin, O Numssen, M Bikson, T R Knösche","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.09.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.09.016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":" ","pages":"1852-1854"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MRI-free targeting of deep brain regions using the 10-20 system.","authors":"Tyler Nafziger, Cecilia Phillips, Joshua Palter, Jan Kubanek","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.09.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.09.014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":" ","pages":"1871-1873"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluctuations in the optimal sensorimotor mu-rhythm phase associated with high corticospinal excitability during TMS-EEG.","authors":"Juliana R Hougland, Miriam Kirchhoff, David E Vetter, Oskari Ahola, Andreas Jooß, Dania Humaidan, Ulf Ziemann","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.09.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.09.019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) applied to the primary motor cortex (M1) targeting the sensorimotor mu-rhythm trough phase has been associated with higher corticospinal excitability than during the peak phase, as measured by the amplitude of motor evoked potentials (MEP). However, this phase-dependent effect varies across studies and individuals.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To explore the stability of the mu-phase effect. We investigated potential inter- and intrasession fluctuations in the optimal mu-phase associated with high corticospinal excitability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We applied brain state-independently 800 single TMS pulses to left M1 in 60 participants. For the analysis, participants were classified into two groups based on the significance/insignificance of the phase effect. We assessed the stability of the optimal phase using entropy and a novel phase-MEP stability metric. We evaluated how well the MEP amplitude can be predicted from mu-phase, mu-power, and their interaction using a linear mixed effects model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results showed that, for the significant phase effect group only, phases around trough elicited significantly larger MEPs than at peak. The optimal phase varied in both groups, but remained primarily around the trough in participants with a significant phase effect. Mu-power positively correlated with MEP amplitudes in both groups. In a second experiment, 10 participants completed two sessions and showed low test-retest reliability of the mu-phase effect.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings confirm that mu-phase and mu-power modulate corticospinal excitability. Individual inter-session variability and within-session fluctuations limit the generalizability of fixed-phase targeting. Future closed-loop TMS protocols may benefit from real-time adaptive algorithms to optimize stimulation efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":" ","pages":"1843-1851"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebello-cortical inhibition underlies the effects of cerebellar magnetic stimulation on spinocerebellar ataxia type 3: A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Yuchao Chen ,&nbsp;Jie Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhouyao Hu ,&nbsp;Yi Jin ,&nbsp;Bolin Tan ,&nbsp;Ying Wang ,&nbsp;Yi Sha ,&nbsp;Qiusi Cai ,&nbsp;Yijun Chen ,&nbsp;Yuchen Wang ,&nbsp;Mingyue Qu ,&nbsp;Zhiyuan You ,&nbsp;Yimeng Shao ,&nbsp;Yingying Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhongming Gao ,&nbsp;Yang Bai ,&nbsp;Guilin Meng ,&nbsp;Pengfei Xu ,&nbsp;Dongsheng Xu ,&nbsp;Paul B. Fitzgerald ,&nbsp;Xianwei Che","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.09.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.09.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the cerebellum has shown therapeutic potential for spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3). However, the underlying electrophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we aimed to utilize single-pulse TMS combined with electroencephalography co-registration (TMS-EEG) to probe cerebellar projections underlying the effects of rTMS in SCA3 patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A group of 38 SCA3 patients and 35 healthy controls underwent baseline TMS-EEG to assess cerebellar projections. Patients were evaluated using the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS) and then randomized to receive either a 3-week course of active intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) or sham iTBS applied to the cerebellum. ICARS assessments were then performed at post-treatment and 3-month follow-up, with additional TMS-EEG performed post-treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>ICARS scores were improved by iTBS treatment than the Sham stimulation at post-treatment (2.67 [95 %CI, 0.53–4.81]; p = 0.016) and 3-month follow-up (4.11 [95 %CI, 1.02–7.20]; p = 0.011). iTBS restored cerebello-cortical inhibition over the contralateral motor cortex as reflected by enhanced N45 amplitude (1.31 [95 %CI, 0.08–2.53]; p = 0.038), which covaried with better clinical improvement (p = 0.005). iTBS also reorganized beta band oscillation, that potentially underlies the cerebello-cortical inhibition in SCA3 individuals. At the source level, cerebellar rTMS normalized the impaired cerebello-cortical inhibition characterized by the evoked current density over the motor cortex.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings indicate that cerebellar iTBS alleviates clinical ataxia severity in SCA3 potentially by restoring cerebello-cortical inhibition and reorganizing beta-band activity. N45 amplitude may serve as a potential biomarker for treatment response in SCA3.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"18 6","pages":"Pages 1821-1833"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcranial pulse stimulation modulates neuronal activity and functional network dynamics","authors":"Maria Eleni Karakatsani ,&nbsp;Irmak Gezginer ,&nbsp;Daniil Nozdriukhin ,&nbsp;Savannah Tiemann ,&nbsp;Hikari A.I. Yoshihara ,&nbsp;Rafael Storz ,&nbsp;Markus Belau ,&nbsp;Ruiqing Ni ,&nbsp;Xosé Luís Deán-Ben ,&nbsp;Daniel Razansky","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.09.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.09.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Transcranial pulse stimulation (TPS) has recently been proposed as a promising non-invasive technique for treating neurological disorders. While neuropsychological improvements in treated Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients support its safety and preliminary clinical effectiveness, the fundamental mechanisms of <span>TPS</span> action on the brain remain unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>In this study, we explore the effects of TPS on neuronal activity and brain circuitry in healthy and AD mouse models.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We utilized fluorescence calcium imaging combined with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and c-Fos immunohistochemistry for validation.</div><div>We imaged TPS-treated mouse brains expressing genetically encoded calcium indicator and compared the imaging data from <span>AD</span> mouse strains to wild-type controls, followed by immunohistochemical analysis of neuronal activation to support the <em>in vivo</em> imaging findings.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>TPS induced robust calcium influxes in GCaMP + mice, increased c-Fos expression in the dentate gyrus, and rapidly but transiently reorganized functional connectivity across brain networks, particularly within the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and other limbic regions. At higher stimulation intensities, TPS is shown to trigger spreading depolarization waves.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings support the hypothesis that TPS-induced mechanical effects can effectively modulate brain activity while averting tissue heating and cavitation, thus shedding light on observed beneficial effects in patients and paving the way for further optimization of <span>TPS</span> as a therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"18 6","pages":"Pages 1834-1842"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}