Brain Stimulation最新文献

{"title":"The scent of stimulation: Anterior commissure mediates olfactory phenomena induced by DBS of the ventral capsule/ventral striatum","authors":"Zain U. Naqvi , Jonathan H. Bentley , Sarah R. Heilbronner , Kalman A. Katlowitz , Danika L. Paulo , Sofia E. Sehgal , Nisha Giridharan , Raja Jani , Katherine E. Kabotyanski , Tommy Liu , Kasra Mansourian , Ajay Gandhi , Corey St Romain , Shragvi Balaji , Mohammed Hasen , Garrett P. Banks , Wayne K. Goodman , Nicole R. Provenza , Sameer A. Sheth","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.09.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.09.017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"18 6","pages":"Pages 1807-1809"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of intracranial stimulation on local neurovascular responses in humans","authors":"Artur Vetkas ,&nbsp;Srdjan Sumarac ,&nbsp;Samantha Chau ,&nbsp;Reese Clinton ,&nbsp;Emily Haniff ,&nbsp;Alexandre Boutet ,&nbsp;Can Sarica ,&nbsp;Xilin Liu ,&nbsp;Mojgan Hodaie ,&nbsp;Taufik A. Valiante ,&nbsp;Suneil K. Kalia ,&nbsp;Andres M. Lozano ,&nbsp;William D. Hutchison ,&nbsp;Luka Milosevic","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.09.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.09.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is used to treat neurological and psychiatric disorders by modulating neuronal circuits. However, the effects of electrical stimulation on the neurovascular unit remain poorly understood due to limitations of capturing microvascular changes near implanted leads. This motivated us to investigate the cardioballistic waveform (CBW) as an electrophysiological surrogate of vascular dynamics in response to microstimulation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Microelectrode recordings (n = 193; 108 patients) were obtained during DBS implantation surgery from two electrodes (∼600 μm apart) before and after microstimulation through one electrode. Generalized linear mixed models assessed CBW amplitude changes following 1 Hz or 100 Hz stimulation across basal ganglia regions and white matter. Neuronal activity was also analyzed, including phase-locking to the cardiac cycle, firing rates and patterns, and micro-LFP features. An analytical model interpreted CBW amplitudes as pressure-driven vessel wall expansion, enabling estimation of stimulation-evoked vasodilation and cerebral blood flow.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>CBW amplitudes increased significantly after 100 Hz stimulation at the stimulating electrode, but not at the non-stimulating electrode or after 1 Hz stimulation. Significant region-specific effects were observed in the ventral intermediate nucleus (Vim; 107 ± 13 %), subthalamic nucleus (STN; 79 ± 7 %), and globus pallidus internus (GPi; 78 ± 8 %), but not in white matter (WM; 50 ± 14 %) or substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr; 45 ± 8 %). Across 50 recorded single units, 18 (36 %) were phase-locked to the cardiac cycle, but stimulation did not alter phase-locking value, and changes in spiking or micro-LFP features before versus after stimulation did not scale with CBW changes. Modelling showed that the mean 88 % CBW increase across Vim, STN, and GPi corresponds to an acute increase in cerebral blood flow.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>CBW recordings reveal that high-frequency DBS evokes region-specific vascular responses which can be modeled as substantial increases in local blood flow, establishing CBW amplitude as a potential biomarker of subcortical hemodynamics, and a potential therapeutic modality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"18 6","pages":"Pages 1810-1820"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145181795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracking non-motor regions of the motor cortex with navigated TMS for the treatment of chronic pain","authors":"Jean-Pascal Lefaucheur ,&nbsp;Thibaut Mussigmann ,&nbsp;Blanche Bapst ,&nbsp;Benjamin Bardel","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.09.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.09.015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"18 6","pages":"Pages 1777-1778"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145136507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TMS-induced heart-brain coupling associated with early clinical response in depression","authors":"Eva S.A. Dijkstra ,&nbsp;Renee Rouwhorst ,&nbsp;Lauren Zwienenberg ,&nbsp;Iris van Oostrom ,&nbsp;Hanneke van Dijk ,&nbsp;Alexander T. Sack ,&nbsp;Martijn Arns","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.09.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.09.013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"18 6","pages":"Pages 1744-1746"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145111908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hierarchical Bayesian estimation of motor-evoked potential recruitment curves yields accurate and robust estimates.","authors":"Vishweshwar Tyagi, Lynda M Murray, Ahmet S Asan, Christopher Mandigo, Michael S Virk, Noam Y Harel, Jason B Carmel, James R McIntosh","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.09.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.09.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We aim to develop a robust method to improve the estimation accuracy of motor-evoked potential (MEP) recruitment curves (RCs), including motor threshold, in small-sample settings which typically involve fewer than 40 stimuli.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We present a hierarchical Bayesian (HB) method to model MEP size as a rectified-logistic function of stimulation intensity. This method is designed to account for small samples, handle outliers without discarding data, quantify estimation uncertainty, and simulate synthetic data that closely matches real observations, useful for optimizing experimental design. We validate its performance on transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), epidural spinal cord stimulation (SCS), and synthetic TMS datasets, and provide an open-source library for Python, called hbMEP, for diverse applications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The rectified-logistic outperformed sigmoidal functions in predictive accuracy on TMS and SCS datasets, as demonstrated through cross-validation. A mixture extension of the HB model improved robustness to outliers by further increasing its predictive accuracy. The HB model reduced threshold estimation error by up to 70% on sparse synthetic TMS data compared to non-hierarchical models. Bayesian estimation with the HB model reduced the required number of participants by at least 23% to detect a shift in threshold with 80% power, compared to frequentist testing. Empirical results on human SCS data further validated its applicability to real data.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>By improving accuracy on sparse data, our method minimizes the number of stimuli needed to probe each individual's neuromuscular parameters across multiple muscles simultaneously, thereby reducing session duration and the risk of inadvertent neuromodulation. Our approach provides a more statistically powerful and conclusive framework for inferring changes in threshold, and therefore corticospinal excitability. The hbMEP library streamlines and unifies the analysis of RCs across stimulation modalities and experimental paradigms.</p>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":" ","pages":"1855-1870"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145102673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptual motion effects of frontal transcranial alternating current stimulation","authors":"F.M. Smits ,&nbsp;B.T. Douze ,&nbsp;S.W.M. Bots ,&nbsp;D.J.L.G. Schutter","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.09.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.09.012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"18 6","pages":"Pages 1747-1749"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145091284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing neuronal and population responses to electrical stimulation in the human hippocampo-cortical network","authors":"Mircea van der Plas ,&nbsp;Frederic Roux ,&nbsp;Ramesh Chelvarajah ,&nbsp;Vijay Sawlani ,&nbsp;Bernhard Staresina ,&nbsp;Maria Wimber ,&nbsp;David T. Rollings ,&nbsp;Simon Hanslmayr","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.09.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.09.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The hippocampus is a common target for direct electrical stimulation (DES). While considerable research has focused on clinical outcomes of various stimulation protocols, the precise neural dynamics of DES in the human hippocampus remain poorly understood, limiting our ability to model and predict hippocampal neural activity. Conventional stereotactic electrodes provide limited insight as the recorded signal becomes saturated during DES, allowing to only record LFP activity from stimulation in sufficiently distant areas. Behnke-Fried electrodes circumvent this limitation, enabling simultaneous recording of local hippocampal single-unit and LFP activity during stimulation.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We aimed to characterize the neural responses to single pulse DES in the hippocampus and surrounding cortical areas at both single-neuron and population levels.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We collected data from 34 hippocampally implanted Behnke-Fried electrodes across seven epilepsy patients. This unique approach allowed us to monitor both local field potentials and single neuron activity (N = 136) in response to 1 ms bipolar single pulse DES in the hippocampus and surrounding neocortex. Single pulses were administered systematically across electrode leads terminating in the neocortex, allowing us to assess both local responses and network propagation effects.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Despite high stimulation intensity, only 29 % of single units exhibited measurable responses to hippocampal stimulation. Responsive neurons displayed a stereotypical pattern: an initial excitatory response (cluster size: 110 ms, p = 0.0017) followed by an inhibitory 'silent period' of reduced firing (cluster size: 141 ms, p &lt; 0.0005). Both the intensity of the initial excitation and the duration of the silent period were inversely correlated with distance from the stimulation site (peak height: r = −0.94, p &lt; 0.0001; silent duration: r = −0.93, p &lt; 0.0001). LFP responses corroborated these findings in both time and frequency domains. Notably, hippocampal responses to neocortical stimulation revealed a consistent lag of approximately 100 ms. Finally, we found evidence that cortical responses to hippocampal stimulation were modulated by hippocampal theta phase at the time of stimulation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We provide the first comprehensive characterization of hippocampal responses to DES at both neuronal and population levels in the human hippocampo-cortical network. Our findings of stereotypical response patterns and quantifiable phase-dependent network effects provide crucial parameters to inform future stimulation paradigms targeting the human memory system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"18 6","pages":"Pages 1764-1776"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145091238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing tDCS efficacy in reducing negative symptoms in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Raquel Guiomar ,&nbsp;Monica Sobral ,&nbsp;Lieze Vanden Berghe ,&nbsp;Jerome Brunelin ,&nbsp;Paula Castilho ,&nbsp;Ana Ganho-Ávila ,&nbsp;Chris Baeken ,&nbsp;Paula Horczak","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.09.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.09.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Negative symptoms in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) are associated with low functioning and reduced quality of life. Given the limited efficacy of current treatments, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been studied as a potential add-on intervention, though findings to date have been mixed. Objective: This meta-analysis aims to assess the efficacy of tDCS for the reduction of negative symptoms in SSDs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted on randomized controlled trials comparing active to sham tDCS treatments applied to people diagnosed with SSDs (PROSPERO registration: CRD42024530612). Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated, and subgroup and moderation analyses were performed to explore possible sources of heterogeneity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Across studies (k = 18; total n = 709; 361 participants in the active and 348 in the sham group), tDCS significantly reduced negative symptoms of SSDs, compared to sham stimulation, with moderate heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis showed greater efficacy when studies included only the diagnosis of schizophrenia (SMD = −0.51), and when negative symptoms were the primary outcome and the specific target of the intervention (SMD = −0.80). Stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (lDLPFC) was significantly associated with symptom reduction (SMD = −0.30). No significant effects were found at follow-up, indicating limited persistence of treatment effects without maintenance sessions. tDCS was well tolerated and safe.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>tDCS shows significant modest effect for the reduction of negative symptoms of SSDs as an add-on treatment to medication, particularly when protocols target these symptoms and the anode is placed over the lDLPFC. Future studies should study the long-term effects of tDCS and how to boost long-term efficacy, as well as explore individual characteristics to tailor personalized interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"18 6","pages":"Pages 1794-1806"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145085105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of cervical and auricular vagus nerve stimulation on electrocardiogram and electroencephalogram in rats","authors":"Suh-Yeon Moon ,&nbsp;Yena Lee ,&nbsp;Jee Eun Sung ,&nbsp;Sang Beom Jun","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"18 6","pages":"Pages 1723-1725"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145063394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcranial ultrasound stimulation modulates neuronal membrane potentials across broad timescales in the awake mammalian brain","authors":"Emma Bortz ,&nbsp;Erynne San Antonio ,&nbsp;Jack Sherman ,&nbsp;Hua-an Tseng ,&nbsp;Laura Raiff ,&nbsp;Xue Han","doi":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brs.2025.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) offers noninvasive neuromodulation with high spatiotemporal precision, but its cellular-level effects in the awake brain remain poorly understood.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We investigated how low-intensity TUS modulates membrane voltage dynamics in individual cortical neurons in awake mice.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using the genetically encoded voltage indicator SomArchon, we performed high-speed kilohertz voltage imaging in awake head-fixed mice. TUS was delivered with a 0.35 MHz transducer at 10 or 40 Hz pulse repetition frequency, at intensities below the estimated threshold for auditory brainstem activation. We analyzed changes in membrane potentials (Vm), spiking, and coordination across simultaneously recorded neurons.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>TUS evoked rapid (&lt;10 ms) Vm depolarizations in 42.8 % of neurons, while only increasing spiking in 20.5 % of neurons, highlighting a direct effect of TUS on modulating synaptic inputs. Many neurons were entrained at both PRFs (20.8 % at 10 Hz; 12.7 % at 40 Hz) with Vm exhibiting significant phase-locking to individual TUS pulses. Vm entrainment was accompanied by increased temporal coordination across neurons and reset network synchrony. Furthermore, TUS-evoked cellular responses adapted over time, often transitioning from membrane depolarization to hyperpolarization upon repeated exposures, demonstrating prominent response depression.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>By resolving single-neuron responses in the awake mammalian brain, our results demonstrate that TUS directly activates individual cortical neurons with latencies often shorter than 10 ms. TUS pulsed at physiologically relevant frequencies of 10 and 40 Hz robustly entrains neural dynamics, alters network coordination and evokes neuronal plasticity. These results highlight the therapeutic potential of designing TUS pulsing patterns to target desired neural dynamics and plasticity features.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9206,"journal":{"name":"Brain Stimulation","volume":"18 6","pages":"Pages 1726-1740"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145058385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}