BMC Endocrine Disorders最新文献

{"title":"Relationship between level of serum VIT D and insulin resistance in patients with MAFLD.","authors":"Alshymaa A Hassnine, Amr M Elsayed, Samar K Abdelaziez, Mahmoud M Higazi, Nagwa I Okaily, Wael Soliman","doi":"10.1186/s12902-024-01820-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12902-024-01820-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has been recognized as the most common metabolic liver disease in Western countries, and its prevalence is increasing all over the world. Metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus (DM) are closely linked to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Because of the close relationship between fatty liver and metabolic illnesses, NAFLD has lately been renamed as Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease. HOMA-IR is thought to be the best indicator of the progression of fatty liver to advanced cirrhosis and fibrosis.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>to assess the relation between level of serum VIT D and insulin resistance in patients with MAFLD.</p><p><strong>Patients & methods: </strong>This cross sectional observational study included 120 subjects (60 control & 60 MAFLD patients), where clinical examination including anthropometric measurements, laboratory tests (CBC, liver and renal function, metabolic profile, serum VIT D, HOMA-IR), ultrasonography and shear wave elastography were performed on all the subjects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In MAFLD patients, serum vitamin D levels were statistically significant lower (55%) than in the non-MAFLD group (15%), and they also significantly decreased as steatosis and fibrosis grades increased (P < 0.001). In addition, there is an inverse correlation between serum vitamin D levels and IR in MAFLD patients, but it is not statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Vitamin D supplementation may be helpful in the treatment of MAFLD since people with the condition have lower serum vitamin D levels than those without it, and these levels drastically decreased with increasing grades of fatty liver.</p>","PeriodicalId":9152,"journal":{"name":"BMC Endocrine Disorders","volume":"25 1","pages":"176"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12257809/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144636121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Apparent diffusion coefficient: a predictor of the efficacy of glucocorticoid therapy in active moderate-severe thyroid eye disease: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Mingqiao Zhang, Xiaohui Zhang, Qian Huang, Liang Liang, Jian Long","doi":"10.1186/s12902-025-01981-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12902-025-01981-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess the association between the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of extraocular muscles (EOMs) and the efficacy of glucocorticoid (GC) therapy in patients with active and moderate-severe thyroid eye disease (TED).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Eighteen active and moderate-to-severe bilateral TED patients (responsive group, n = 8 patients (16 eyes); unresponsive group, n = 10 patients (20 eyes)) who underwent orbital long variable echo‑trains (Resolve)-diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) before GC therapy were retrospectively enrolled. The ADC values of each EOM were collected. The correlation between the ADC of EOMs and the efficacy of GC therapy was analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Age was significantly younger in the responsive group compared with the unresponsive group (52.13 ± 5.18 years vs. 58.80 ± 9.33 years, P value = 0.02).There were no statistical differences in sex, smoking, TED duration, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, exophthalmos, clinical activity score, the levels of free triiodothyronine, free tetraiodothyronine thyroid-stimulating hormone, and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody between the responsive group and the unresponsive group. Apparent diffusion coefficient in the responsive group were significantly lower than that in the unresponsive group in superior rectus muscle (1351.17 ± 232.12 vs. 1624.36 ± 193.70, P value = 0.001) and medial rectus muscle (1420.69 ± 192.05 vs. 1697.00 ± 199.89, P value = 0.001). After age, sex and CAS adjustment, ADC of the superior rectus muscle and medial rectus muscle were independent predictors of the response to GC treatment by binary logistic regression analysis. The cut-off value of ADC was 1582.00 × 10^- 3 mm²/s in superior rectus muscle with a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 65% respectively [ area under the curve (AUC) = 0.81]. The cut-off value of ADC was 1541.39 × 10^- 3 mm²/s in medial rectus muscle with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 80% (AUC = 0.84). There were no significant difference in the predictive efficacy between the two ADC cut-off values.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Apparent diffusion coefficient values of EOMs from resolve DTI can be used as an indicator to predict the efficacy of GC therapy. Moderate-to-severe active TED patients with low ADC values at baseline in superior rectus muscle or medial rectus muscle may respond well to GC therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9152,"journal":{"name":"BMC Endocrine Disorders","volume":"25 1","pages":"177"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12257831/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144636105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HMGB1 and TLR4 as biomarkers for osteoporosis risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Guang Zhu, Chunting Kan, Changchun Cao, Hong Zhu","doi":"10.1186/s12902-025-01998-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12902-025-01998-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study explored the application value of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) levels in the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with osteoporosis (OP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study of 126 patients. The patients with T2DM was stratified into the following three subgroups: normal bone mass, osteopenia, and OP. Comparative analyses of general data and biochemical indices were performed, and Pearson's correlation was used to assess the relationship among HMGB1, TLR4 levels, and bone mineral density (BMD). Multivariate logistic regression identified risk factors in patients with T2DM. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of HMGB1 and TLR4 levels for OP in patients with T2DM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HMGB1 and TLR4 levels were significantly higher in the OP group than in the normal bone mass and osteopenia groups (p < 0.05). Pearson's correlation analysis revealed a negative association among BMD, HMGB1, and TLR4 levels. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified Mg, HMGB1, and TLR4 as significant OP risk factors for T2DM. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that the areas under the curve for HMGB1 and TLR4 in predicting OP in patients with T2DM were 0.828 and 0.854, respectively, with respective sensitivities of 79.4% and 94.1% and respective specificities of 78.3% and 58.7%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Serum HMGB1 and TLR4 levels may be potential biomarkers for OP in patients with T2DM.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9152,"journal":{"name":"BMC Endocrine Disorders","volume":"25 1","pages":"175"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12257645/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144636108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LncRNA MALAT1 knockdown inhibits apoptosis of mouse hippocampus neuron cells with high glucose by Silencing autophagy.","authors":"Xiaomei Zhang, Yan Shi, Chao Wang, Kaina Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12902-025-01990-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12902-025-01990-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9152,"journal":{"name":"BMC Endocrine Disorders","volume":"25 1","pages":"173"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12257855/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144636109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction and evaluation of a height prediction model for children with growth disorders treated with recombinant human growth hormone.","authors":"Feng Zhu, Anle Wu, Lingling Chen, Ya Xia, Xiaoju Luo, Jieqian Zhu, Lina Huang, Yu Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12902-025-01991-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12902-025-01991-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Height gain in children with growth disorders undergoing recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy shows considerable variability. Predicting treatment outcomes is essential for optimizing individualized treatment strategies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop and evaluate a predictive model using clinical data to assess early height growth response in children with growth disorders undergoing rhGH therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 786 children were included, randomly split into a derivation cohort (N = 551) and a test cohort (N = 235). Multiple machine learning models were built in the derivation cohort, including logistic regression, decision tree, random forest, XGBoost, LightGBM, and multilayer perceptron (MLP). Model performance was evaluated in the test cohort using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC), and accuracy metrics. Input variables included chronological age, height standard deviation score (HSDS), body mass index standard deviation score (BSDS), IGF-1, and the difference between bone age and chronological age (BA-CA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The random forest and MLP models performed best. The random forest model achieved an AUROC of 0.9114 and an AUPRC of 0.8825. The MLP model showed accuracy, precision, specificity, and F1 scores of 0.8468, 0.8208, 0.8583, and 0.8246, respectively. Chronological age, BA-CA, HSDS, and BSDS were the most influential variables. The decision tree identified HSDS ≥ -0.72 as the primary split point.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Machine learning models, especially random forest and MLP, predict height gain effectively in children receiving rhGH therapy, aiding personalized treatment. Despite MLP's strong performance, its \"black-box\" nature may limit clinical adoption. Future work should focus on enhancing model interpretability.</p>","PeriodicalId":9152,"journal":{"name":"BMC Endocrine Disorders","volume":"25 1","pages":"170"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12239477/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144599434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal dynamics in early-stage COVID-19 observed in a case with arginine vasopressin deficiency.","authors":"Hinako Kirikae, Yuta Tezuka, Michiko Okamoto, Ginji Furuta, Kei Omata, Yoshikiyo Ono, Tetsuhiro Tanaka, Fumitoshi Satoh","doi":"10.1186/s12902-025-01992-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12902-025-01992-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on pituitary function remains unclear, particularly during the acute phase of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report the case of a 40-year-old man with arginine vasopressin deficiency (central diabetes insipidus) who was admitted for the evaluation of anterior pituitary function. The patient developed mild COVID-19 during the hospitalization, when we inadvertently observed rapid activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis prior to the onset of fever. At the estimated onset of COVID-19, the patient's body temperature and the serum level of C-reactive protein remained within normal limits, whereas plasma ACTH levels drastically elevated, and subsequently, serum cortisol levels remain consistently high throughout the day, resulting in increased urinary free cortisol. The serum levels of several cytokines, including IFN-γ, IL-1RA, IL-6, and TNF-α, were also significantly elevated compared to those in the non-infected state. Acute suppression of thyroid and gonadal functions was observed approximately one day after the HPA axis activation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings illustrate the rapid response of the HPA axis to inflammatory factors in the early-stage COVID-19, which may have important implications for understanding the initial host responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":9152,"journal":{"name":"BMC Endocrine Disorders","volume":"25 1","pages":"169"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12235935/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144590440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parameters of blood viscoelasticity testing as promising biomarkers for the prediction of the occurrence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.","authors":"Yong Zhuang, Xin Hu, Qingyan Cai, Huibin Huang","doi":"10.1186/s12902-025-01993-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12902-025-01993-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Research suggested that fibrinogen is associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Our previous study unveiled that fibrinogen function indices, namely the k value and angle α, have the potential to serve as early diagnostic indicators for DPN. However, it has yet to be reported whether these factors influence the development of DPN. Here, type 2 diabetes were followed up for two years to investigate whether k value and angle α impact the onset of DPN.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Type 2 diabetes without neuropathy were recruited for this prospective observational clinical study and were followed up for two years. Participants were categorized into three groups based on progression to DPN: diabetes without neuropathy, subclinical DPN, and confirmed DPN. Differences in baseline parameters were compared, and independent risk factors were analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants who progressed to DPN (both subclinical DPN and confirmed DPN) had higher baseline levels of HbA1c than in those who did not (P = 0.015; P = 0.040). The baseline angle α was also greater (P < 0.001; P < 0.001), while the k value was lower in participants who progressed to DPN than in those who did not (P < 0.001; P < 0.001). The associations of the angle α and k value with DPN were independent of HbA1c, duration, fibrinogen (Fib) and other potential confounders affecting the angle α and k value (e.g., vitamin B12, retinopathy, and renal status). ROC curve indicated that the predictive value of the angle α and k value were 0.759 and 0.804.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Fibrinogen function indices could potentially be utilized as predictive indicators for evaluating the likelihood of DPN in diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9152,"journal":{"name":"BMC Endocrine Disorders","volume":"25 1","pages":"167"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12232732/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144583018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between remnant cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol discordance and type 2 diabetes or prediabetes: results from NHANES.","authors":"Yijing Xin, Yimeng Wang, Yuyuan Shu, Hanyang Liang, Yanmin Yang","doi":"10.1186/s12902-025-01995-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12902-025-01995-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>There is limited evidence on the relationship between remnant cholesterol (RC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) discordance and type 2 diabetes or prediabetes. This study aimed to investigate the association between RC and LDL-C discordance and type 2 diabetes or prediabetes in the general US adult population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from 19,604 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) (2005-2018) were analyzed. The percentile difference between RC and LDL-C was used to define discordance. Logistic regression models were performed to assess the relationships between RC, LDL-C, RC and LDL-C percentile difference, LDL-C and RC discordant. Nonlinear relationships were explored using restricted cubic splines. Mediation analysis was conducted to evaluate the direct and indirect relationships between abdominal obesity and type 2 diabetes through RC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RC was non-linearly and J-shaped correlated with type 2 diabetes and prediabetes, whereas LDL-C was non-linearly and U-shaped correlated with type 2 diabetes and was S-shaped correlated with prediabetes. Compared to concordant participants, those with discordantly low RC population had lower type 2 diabetes odds, while those with the discordantly high RC population had higher type 2 diabetes and prediabetes odds. When a clinical LDL-C cut-off of 2.60 mmol/L was applied, participants in the high LDL-C and low RC group had the lowest odds of type 2 diabetes, while those in the low LDL-C and high RC group had the highest odds. Significant interactions between LDL-C and RC discordance and factors such as age, MetS, and lipid-lowering medications were observed in relation to type 2 diabetes odds. RC was found to mediate 15.86% of the association between abdominal obesity and type 2 diabetes, and 16.22% of the association between abdominal obesity and prediabetes in the non-diabetes population.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Discordantly high RC was associated with higher odds of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes, while discordantly low RC was associated with lower odds of type 2 diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9152,"journal":{"name":"BMC Endocrine Disorders","volume":"25 1","pages":"168"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12232856/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144583017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triglyceride glucose-weight-adjusted waist index (TyG-WWI): the best predictor of diabetes mellitus and mortality risks among TyG and TyG-derived indices.","authors":"Jiabin Tu, Bo Wu, Hongkui Chen, Yansong Guo","doi":"10.1186/s12902-025-01989-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12902-025-01989-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9152,"journal":{"name":"BMC Endocrine Disorders","volume":"25 1","pages":"166"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12231725/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144564435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of canagliflozin on cardiovascular disease risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Hossein Aftabi, Reyhaneh Aftabi","doi":"10.1186/s12902-025-01984-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12902-025-01984-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Canagliflozin or sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) is considered as an authorized therapeutic drug for treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study reviews and evaluates the effects of Canagliflozin on Hemoglobin (HbA1c), Body Mass Index (BMI) and Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This fixed-effects systematic review and meta-analysis are based on 38 comprehensive literature survey and statistical analysis of selected references that explore the effect of canagliflozin in patients having cardiovascular disease (CVD) and T2DM. The data were analyzed and interpreted at 95% Confidence Interval with reference to placebo-controlled randomized controlled trails (RCTs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The effects of canagliflozin at 100 and 300 doses slightly reduced Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and Body Mass Index (BMI) without significant differences with placebo [HbA1c at 100 mg, effect size: -0.005, Confidence Interval of 95% = -0.04 to 0.03, (P = 0.79), at 300 mg, effect size: -0.03 (-0.11 to 0.05), (P = 0.43), BMI at 100 mg, effect size: -0.01 (-0.04 to 0.02), (P = 0.57) and at 300 mg, effect size was 0.02 (-0.05 to 0.10), (P = 0.55)]. At 100 mg dose, canagliflozin lowers systolic blood pressure compared to that of placebo (effect size: -0.03 (-0.07, 0.00), (P = 0.06)]. These data up to date reveal that the most significant effective role of canagliflozin in patients having T2DM is to reduce the systolic blood pressure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis highlight that although canagliflozin does not project significant decrease on BMI and HbA1c, yet in 100 mg doses significantly reduces SBP in patients with T2DM. Further future research in the coming years may provide more data and information on the protective role of canagliflozin in patients with T2DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":9152,"journal":{"name":"BMC Endocrine Disorders","volume":"25 1","pages":"164"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12220448/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144552236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}