BMC Pediatrics最新文献

{"title":"Pediatric Clostridium septicum infections: a systematic review and case-based perspective.","authors":"Frederike Bieling, Jasmin Özcan, Julius Sommer, Patrick Morhart, Steven Hébert, Manuel Besendörfer, Sonja Diez","doi":"10.1186/s12887-026-07544-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-026-07544-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Pediatric Clostridium septicum infections are extremely rare but often fulminant and rapidly progressive. They may manifest as clostridial myonecrosis, sepsis, or with gastrointestinal involvement. Systematic data on presentation, management, and outcomes remain scarce.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To systematically review published pediatric cases of C. septicum infection, focusing on clinical presentation, underlying conditions, management, and outcome as an update to the review by Smith-Slatas et al. (2006). In particular, to assess how frequently gastrointestinal involvement occurs in this disease and whether its presence is associated with poorer outcomes. Furthermore, to highlight the diagnostic challenges and therapeutic urgency of this condition through a fatal case.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched for reports from May 2006 to May 2025.</p><p><strong>Study selection: </strong>Studies describing patients under 18 years with confirmed C. septicum infection were included.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Variables included infection site, underlying disease, treatment, and outcome. A previously unpublished fatal case of pediatric clostridial myonecrosis with ileocolic intussusception was added. Fisher's exact test was used for statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Only 18 pediatric cases published since 2006 were found; 44% had clostridial myonecrosis and 50% gastrointestinal involvement. STEC-HUS occurred in 50%. Compared with a 2006 review, rates of STEC-HUS, surgical intervention, overall survival, and absence of gastrointestinal involvement have increased. Surgical debridement was strongly associated with survival (p < 0.01), whereas gastrointestinal involvement was associated with fatal outcome (p = 0.014). The reported child deteriorated rapidly after initial intussusception diagnosis and died despite maximal intensive care.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Very few cases are available because the disease is exceptionally rare; the analysis is retrospective.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Surgical source control is associated with improved survival. Gastrointestinal involvement is a major risk factor for poor outcome and may include intussusception.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13520299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148825266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying SHROOM4 as a novel X-linked susceptibility gene for cerebral palsy in Chinese males.","authors":"Yu Su, Yiran Xu, Ye Cheng, Zheng Qi, Jingzhou Li, Jin Zhang, Yunqian Li, Ting Wang, Junjie Zhang, Xiaoyang Wang, Changlian Zhu, Qinghe Xing","doi":"10.1186/s12887-026-07486-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-026-07486-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cerebral palsy (CP) is a leading cause of childhood motor disability with a notable male predominance, suggesting that X-linked genetic factors may contribute to CP susceptibility. Although SHROOM4 has been implicated in several neurodevelopmental disorders, its role in CP remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the contribution of SHROOM4 variants to male CP susceptibility.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Whole-exome sequencing was performed in 1,010 Chinese male patients with sporadic CP and 1,014 male controls. Association analysis focused on common variants and haplotypes within SHROOM4. Rare SHROOM4 variants identified in CP patients were further validated and characterized using qPCR, immunofluorescence, western blotting and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout cell lines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A common T-A-G haplotype comprising rs2873098, rs2295544 and rs2295543 in SHROOM4 was significantly associated with male CP susceptibility (OR = 6.091, Pc = 3.26E-07) and was enriched in CP patients with intrauterine growth restriction. Additionally, a rare nonsense variant, c.C2050T (p.Arg684*), was identified in a patient presenting with spastic CP and intellectual disability. Functional analyses showed that p.Arg684* and a population-derived frameshift variant (p.Glu1140fs*42) were associated with reduced SHROOM4 transcript abundance, consistent with NMD-mediated transcript reduction, while residual mutant transcripts produced detectable truncated proteins with variant-specific effects on protein stability, subcellular localization, and actin cytoskeletal organization.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings support SHROOM4 as an X-linked susceptibility gene associated with male CP, suggesting that both common haplotypes and rare SHROOM4 variants may contribute to the genetic susceptibility to CP. These results expand our current understanding of the genetic architecture of CP and highlight cytoskeletal regulation as a potentially relevant mechanism associated with SHROOM4 variants.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13499302/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148788140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative study of mental health and wellbeing in adopted children, children in foster and kinship care, and the general population.","authors":"Edward Janes, Amy L Paine, Rebecca Anthony, Bethan Carter, Katherine H Shelton","doi":"10.1186/s12887-026-07104-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-026-07104-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Children with care experience are at elevated risk of poor mental health and wellbeing, yet large-scale comparative studies of placement type, particularly including adoption following a period in care, remain limited. This study examined mental health and wellbeing outcomes across different care arrangements using population-level data from children attending secondary school (age 11 to 16) in Wales, UK.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were drawn from the School Health Research Network 2023 Student Health and Wellbeing Survey, completed by 129,761 children across 202 mainstream schools in Wales, UK. Analyses included 103,316 children in the general population and 2384 care-experienced children, comprising those in kinship care (n = 1,460), non-relative foster care (n = 589), and adoptive families (n = 335). Groups were compared on youth self-reported measures including the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ), and the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (SWEMWBS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children in the general population had better mental health and wellbeing outcomes than care-experienced peers. Adopted children reported the poorest mental health outcomes across all domains, exhibiting significantly higher total SDQ difficulties, internalising and externalising difficulties, depressive symptoms, and the lowest wellbeing scores. Children in foster care had better mental health and wellbeing relative to the other care experienced groups, followed by children in kinship care.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings highlight substantial disparities in mental health and wellbeing among care-experienced youth, with adopted children showing the most elevated difficulties. These results underscore the need for policies to include targeted mental health support for care-experienced children across all settings, including post-adoption contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13495433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148788161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of rTMS intervention on resting-state functional brain activityin children with autism spectrum disorders: a resting-state fMRI study.","authors":"Zhang Li, Jing Lv, Fen Lu, Yan Yang, Yikang He, Min Zhu","doi":"10.1186/s12887-026-07512-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-026-07512-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition with widespread neurobiological alterations. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a potential neuromodulation intervention, but its neural mechanisms remain unclear in preschool-aged children with ASD. This study aimed to use resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) metrics-ALFF and ReHo and behavioral assessments to investigate neural mechanisms underlying clinical response to low-frequency (1 Hz) rTMS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in this population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-four preschool-aged children with ASD (aged 2-6 years) were recruited and randomly assigned to rTMS group (n = 17) or control group (n = 17). After dropout exclusions, 32 children completed the study (16 per group). The rTMS group received 12 weeks of low-frequency (1 Hz) rTMS over the left DLPFC in addition to conventional rehabilitation, while the control group received sham stimulation. Behavioral assessments (ABC, CARS, RBS-R, ATEC) and rs-fMRI scans for ReHo/ALFF were conducted at baseline and post-treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The rTMS group showed significantly greater improvements in CARS (t = 2.111, P = 0.043), RBS-R (Z = - 2.175, P = 0.030), and ATEC (t = 2.093, P = 0.044) scores compared with the control group. Post-treatment rs-fMRI analysis revealed increased ReHo in the right caudate nucleus, right angular gyrus, and left anterior cingulate gyrus, and decreased ReHo in the left cerebellar Crus II, left inferior occipital gyrus, and left middle temporal gyrus. Increased ALFF was observed in the right inferior orbital frontal gyrus, right angular gyrus, and right dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus. After controlling for age, sex, and mean frame-wise displacement, the right angular gyrus ALFF remained significantly correlated with ATEC (rₚ = -0.710, P = 0.002), ABC (rₚ = -0.578, P = 0.019), and CARS (rₚ = -0.625, P = 0.009); the right caudate nucleus ReHo remained significantly correlated with ATEC (rₚ = -0.572, P = 0.020).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Low-frequency rTMS targeting the left DLPFC is safe and effective in improving core symptoms in preschool-aged children with ASD, possibly by enhancing spontaneous neuronal activity in cognitive/executive function-related regions. The right angular gyrus and right caudate nucleus may serve as potential neuroimaging biomarkers for treatment response.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13560306/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148929078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LACHT syndrome with branchial cyst in a female infant; case report and review of literature.","authors":"Amal Osman, Tarek Eldesoky, Safa Eksail, Hawra Salman, Zahra Salman","doi":"10.1186/s12887-026-07209-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-026-07209-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lung agenesis is a rare congenital malformation. The combination of lung agenesis, congenital heart defects, and thumb anomalies characterizes LACHT syndrome, an extremely rare condition with an unclear genetic basis. To date, only 15 cases have been reported in the literature.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report a new case of LACHT syndrome and review previously published cases of this rare association. Our patient was a three-month-old female infant who presented with the typical features of LACHT syndrome and an associated ipsilateral branchial cleft cyst, which has not been previously reported in patients with this syndrome.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This previously unreported association expands the clinical spectrum of LACHT syndrome and highlights the importance of careful evaluation for additional congenital anomalies in affected patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13483693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148788196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival analysis of maternal, household, environmental, and child-level determinants of under-five mortality in Nigeria.","authors":"Alone Isabirye, Poovendhree Reddy","doi":"10.1186/s12887-026-07522-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-026-07522-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Africa, Nigeria bears the highest burden of under-five mortality, with an estimated 850,000 under-five deaths from preventable causes reported in 2024. Existing evidence has not applied a time to event approach using recent nationwide data to examine factors associated with child mortality in this high-burden setting. The current study employed a time to event approach to examine factors affecting under-five mortality across a 59-month life course.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective data from the 2024 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey was used. We analyzed data for 27,604 under-fives. Descriptive statistics, Kaplan-Meier survival estimates and Cox proportional hazards model were performed to determine the time to death.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 27,604 under-five children included, 7.97% had died. Nearly half (47.8%) of deaths occurred within the first 28 days of life. Adjusted results showed that multiple births increased under-five mortality (AHR = 5.51, 95% CI: 4.70-6.46; p = 0.001), whereas longer birth intervals reduced risk (AHR = 0.11-0.73; p = 0.001). High birth order increased mortality (AHR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.10-3.36; p = 0.022). Maternal post-secondary education (AHR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.55-0.90; p = 0.005), delayed first birth (AHR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.79-0.97; p = 0.012), and residence in southern regions were protective, whereas rural residence (AHR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.09-1.38; p = 0.001) and lack of mosquito nets (AHR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.61-2.06; p = 0.001) increased mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Under-five mortality is highest in the neonatal period and is shaped by birth spacing, multiple births, and inequality. Improving early interventions, optimal spacing, and reducing regional disparities are key to improving child survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13629084/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149104256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Nephrolithiasis associated with sulfadiazine therapy in an infant with congenital toxoplasmosis: a case report.","authors":"Yu Nie, Yang Wen","doi":"10.1186/s12887-026-07541-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-026-07541-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13476938/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148757799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Preschool Eating, Lifestyle, and Sleeping Attitudes (PRELSA) scale.","authors":"Edanur Tar Bolacali, Memiş Bolacali","doi":"10.1186/s12887-026-07532-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-026-07532-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Childhood obesity in preschool years is strongly influenced by modifiable parental attitudes and behaviors. This study examined the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Preschool Eating, Lifestyle, and Sleeping Attitudes (PRELSA) Scale, which assesses parental attitudes related to childhood obesity during the preschool period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This methodological study was conducted with 460 parents of children aged 2-6 years from seven preschools in Central Anatolia, Türkiye. Data were collected using a family and child information form and the PRELSA Scale. The adaptation process included forward-backward translation, expert review, face validity assessment, and psychometric evaluation. Data were analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, Cronbach's alpha, test-retest reliability, and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Turkish version comprised 39 items across 13 subscales. The overall Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.887. Exploratory factor analysis explained 58.5% of the total variance, with factor loadings ranging from 0.353 to 0.890. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated acceptable model fit (χ²/df = 1.434, RMSEA = 0.031, SRMR = 0.046, CFI = 0.904, IFI = 0.907, GFI = 0.911, TLI = 0.888). Test-retest reliability was high (r = 0.911), and the ICC was 0.865 (95% CI: 0.738-0.933), indicating good temporal stability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Turkish PRELSA Scale is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing parental attitudes toward eating behaviors, physical activity, screen use, and sleep routines in early childhood.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13560222/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148918375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic value of piezogenic papules in childhood: A scoping review and analysis of existing data.","authors":"Elke Schubert-Hjalmarsson, Ann-Charlott Söderpalm","doi":"10.1186/s12887-026-07414-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-026-07414-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Piezogenic papules (PP) are soft, skin-colored or yellowish herniations of subcutaneous fat appearing under pressure, commonly on the heels. While usually benign, they may cause pain and have been associated with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. PP are included in the 2017 diagnostic criteria for hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (hEDS), and in the 2023 framework for pediatric joint hypermobility, but their prevalence in healthy children and their clinical threshold remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To map current knowledge on the prevalence of PP in healthy children and adolescents and to analyze previously collected clinical data from healthy adolescents and those with Hypermobility Spectrum Disorder (HSD) or hEDS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A scoping review was conducted. Peer-reviewed studies reporting PP prevalence or clinical characteristics in healthy children and adolescents (0-17 years) or including healthy controls were included. Additionally, clinical data from adolescents assessed for hEDS (2017 criteria) and healthy controls were analyzed descriptively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 707 identified articles, four observational studies and five case reports met the inclusion criteria. Across the reviewed studies, PP prevalence in children ranged from 16 to 72%, was generally asymptomatic. In the empirical cohort, PP were observed in 76% of individuals with HSD/hEDS and 60% in the control group, corresponding to a prevalence difference of 16% points (95% CI - 4 to 36; p = 0.163).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PP are common and largely asymptomatic in children and adolescents. Although presumably more pronounced in individuals with HSD/hEDS, no statistically significant differences between groups were identified. Current evidence does not clearly support a diagnostic value, highlighting the need for further studies.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Open Science Framework - OSF. 2025 May 12. osf.io/8zp25 .</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13465072/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148711518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of food allergy in children under 3 years old in Guangdong: a community cross-sectional study.","authors":"Shao-Wei Chen, Zi-Hui Chen, Ping Wang, Rui Huang, Jin-da Huang, Jie-Wen Peng","doi":"10.1186/s12887-026-07385-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-026-07385-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, major allergens, and associated risk factors of food allergy (FA) among children under three years old in Guangdong, China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023 across three cities (Guangzhou, Foshan, Huizhou) representing varying urbanization levels. Using multistage stratified cluster sampling, 745 children aged 0-35 months were included. Data were collected via caregiver questionnaires and with physician verification when available.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall prevalence of FA was 6.8%, with higher rates observed in urban Guangzhou (9.0%) compared to Foshan (6.5%) and Huizhou (5.0%). Milk (3.1%) and egg (2.1%) were the most common allergens, followed by aquatic products (1.9%). Cutaneous symptoms, particularly rash (60.6%) and pruritus (39.3%), predominated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FA is a significant health concern among infants in Guangdong, with distinct allergen profiles and urban-rural disparities. These findings underscore the need for region-specific dietary guidance and individualized infant feeding practices to mitigate allergy risk and address nutritional concerns in allergic children.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13602579/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149029753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}