BMC Pediatrics最新文献

{"title":"The attitude of the unvaccinated children's parents toward pediatric COVID-19 vaccination in Tabriz, Iran.","authors":"Nasrin Jafari, Hossein Akbari, Anahita Maghsoodi, Parvin Sarbakhsh","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05615-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05615-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 vaccination has played a crucial role in combating the pandemic, yet vaccine hesitancy remains a significant barrier to achieving herd immunity. This challenge is particularly pronounced in specific cultural and geographic contexts. Understanding the reasons for parental reluctance to vaccinate their children is essential for developing effective public health strategies. This study aimed to assess the attitudes of parents with unvaccinated children aged 5-12 years toward COVID-19 vaccination and to explore their reasons for not vaccinating their children, despite having access to vaccination programs, in Tabriz, Iran.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This cross-sectional study, conducted between March and August 2022 in Tabriz. A random sample of 400 parents was selected from five healthcare centers using a cluster sampling method in conjunction with the Iranian SIB system. To gather data, a questionnaire was developed based on a comprehensive literature review and interviews with local parents. The questionnaire's content validity was established through expert review, and its internal consistency reliability was assessed, yielding a Cronbach's alpha of 0.85, indicating good reliability. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA, chi-square, and Fisher's exact tests to explore associations between demographic factors and vaccine hesitancy. Multiple logistic regression was employed to identify significant predictors of parents' reluctance to vaccinate their children. Additionally, the reasons for unwillingness were reported for hesitant and unwilling parents and compared using the chi-square test.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Out of 400 parents of unvaccinated children, 263 parents (65.8%) were definitely unwilling, 21 (5.3%) were hesitant, and 116 (29.0%) were accepting to vaccinate their children against COVID-19. The analysis revealed that parents of children with underlying diseases were more hesitant or unwilling to vaccinate (OR = 1.77, (95% CI: (0.93, 3.42), P-value = 0.07). Additionally, mothers were more hesitant or unwilling than fathers (OR = 2.24, 95% CI: (1.42, 3.53), P-value = 0.001). The top three concerns among the unwilling and hesitant parents were the side effects of COVID-19 vaccination for children (reported by over 81.0%), the perception that vaccination could decrease the disease process (over 46.0%), and the lack of valid information about the side effects (above 42.9%). Furthermore, an important reason for unwillingness among unwilling parents was a lack of trust in the available vaccines (40.5%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Parents' willingness to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 in Tabriz was low, primarily due to concerns about the potential side effects of the vaccine. To address this issue, culturally sensitive public health campaigns should be designed that specifically target these concerns and involve trusted community figures. These initia","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"248"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11951589/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of SLCO1B1 genetic variants with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia: a consolidated analysis of 36 studies.","authors":"Hanieh Talebi, Seyed Alireza Dastgheib, Maryam Vafapour, Reza Bahrami, Amirhossein Shahbazi, Seyedeh Elham Shams, Mahsa Danaei, Heewa Rashnavadi, Maryam Yeganegi, Melina Pourkazemi, Amirmasoud Shiri, Maryam Aghasipour, Hossein Neamatzadeh","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05493-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05493-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to assess the link between polymorphisms in the SLCO1B1 gene, responsible for the organic anion transporter polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1), and the risk of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature review was performed utilizing PubMed, Web of Knowledge, and CNKI, culminating on December 1, 2023, focusing on studies published before this date. The search employed relevant keywords and MeSH terms related to hyperbilirubinemia and genetic factors. The inclusion criteria focused on original case-control, longitudinal, or cohort studies, with no restrictions on language or publication year. Correlations were quantified as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-six case-control studies drawn from 22 publications encompassed a total of 5,186 cases and 5,561 controls. Among these, 20 studies involved the rs2306283 polymorphism, with 2,602 cases and 2,832 controls, while 16 studies focused on rs4149056, including 2,584 cases and 2,729 controls. Sample sizes varied significantly, ranging from 41 to 447 cases and 47 to 544 controls. Pooled analysis indicated no significant associations for rs2306283 overall or within Asian and Caucasian subgroups; however, significant associations emerged within the Chinese subgroup under both the allele model (OR = 1.297, 95% CI 1.012-1.662, p = 0.040) and the dominant model (OR = 1.344, 95% CI 1.013-1.784, p = 0.041), suggesting a potential risk tied to the G allele. Conversely, the examination of rs4149056 revealed no significant associations across all comparisons, including ethnic subgroup analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results imply that polymorphisms rs2306283 and rs4149056 in the SLCO1B1 gene are generally not associated with the risk of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in overall population. Nevertheless, rs2306283 may pose an increased risk within the Chinese population, while rs4149056 shows no significant correlations across various groups. Further research is needed to clarify these implications and investigate other genetic factors related to neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"251"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11951654/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the effectiveness of the complementary therapy web application based on Kiddo game therapy on children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a before and after study.","authors":"Atefeh Arkani, Narges Norouzkhani, Azam Kheirdoust, Kosar Ghaddaripouri, Mohammad Reza Mazaheri Habibi","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05607-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05607-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurological disorders, especially in childhood. Children with ADHD may have symptoms such as an inability to maintain concentration and attention, inappropriate developmental performance, and impulsivity. Play therapy helps to improve such symptoms by making the treatment process attractive. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the Kiddo game-based complementary therapy web application in this disorder. This study was conducted in 2022 on 40 children aged 4 to 12 years in 2 psychotherapy clinics located in two cities. The available sampling method was used to select participants. At first, the Conners questionnaire was completed by the children's parents, and then the Kiddo web application was made available for two months. At the end, the Conners questionnaire was again completed by the parents. Nearly 31 children with ADHD were evaluated. The average age was 6.48 ± 1.89. The highest percentage of children was in preschool. A significant difference was observed between the average Conners scores before and after the intervention (P < 0.001). The results showed that complementary treatment based on play therapy improves the quality of life in ADHD children and reduce the amount and severity of the disorder. Intervention based on remote play therapy can be used as an effective, accessible, and low-cost intervention for children with ADHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"247"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11951661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serotypes distribution and antibiotic susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains: five-year surveillance results of post-PCV-13.","authors":"Serkan Atıcı, Deniz Güneşer, Eda Kepenekli, Güner Söyletir, Ahmet Soysal","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05593-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05593-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Approximately 100 capsular serotypes of S. pneumonia have been identified according to the composition of their capsular polysaccharides, currently available vaccines do not cover many of these. Pneumococcal vaccination serotype coverage is essential for preventing noninvasive and invasive illnesses as well as asymptomatic carriage. We aimed to determine the serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of pneumococcal clinical isolates in this study. We also analyzed the serotype coverage rates of PCV13, which is applied in the NIP, and PCV-15 and PCV20, which have been introduced recently.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study is a retrospective surveillance of pneumococcal infections including invasive pneumococcal isolates (IPIs) and non-invasive pneumococcal isolates (non-IPIs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 420 isolates from 356 different patients aged 0-89 years were enrolled in the study. A total of 420 pneumococcal isolates were serotyped and 26 different serotypes were detected. Serotype 19 F was the most prevalent serotype (n = 96, 22.8%), followed by 6 A/B (n = 55, 13.1%), 23 F (n = 49, 11.6%), 3 (n = 22, 5.2%) and 19 A (n = 16, 3.8%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Surveillance studies of pneumococcal diseases are critical to investigating current serotype distributions, antibiotic resistance status, and frequency of IPD cases. Considering the increasing antibiotic resistance rates of S. pneumoniae, it is necessary to provide protective immunization by switching to more comprehensive PCV vaccines rather than treatment.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"244"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11951652/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of different physical exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"João Victor Affornali Tozo, Maiara Cristina Tadiotto, Tatiana A Affornali Tozo, Francisco Jose de Menezes-Junior, Jorge Mota, Beatriz Oliveira de Pereira, Rafaela Rosário, Neiva Leite","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The purpose of this meta-analysis was to systematically review studies in the literature that evaluated the effect of different exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>In September 2024, studies were searched in six electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Sportdiscus, Lilacs, and Scielo) and in reference lists.</p><p><strong>Study eligibility criteria, participants, and interventions: </strong>Randomized and non-randomized controlled trials with interventions involving physical exercise programs and assessment of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in children and adolescents with overweight and/or obesity were considered for synthesis.</p><p><strong>Study appraisal and synthesis methods: </strong>The quality of studies was assessed using the PEDro scale for studies with randomized clinical trials. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random model in the Review Manager Software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventeen studies were selected that involved 1,125 children and adolescents. The risk of bias score was considered moderate (five to eight points out of 11). The high-intensity interval training (HIIT) showed the largest effect, indicating a greater impact on BP reduction, while moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) also had a significant effect, although with greater heterogeneity. No significant effects were found for the other types of exercise. For SBP, a summary effect of -0.44 (95% CI=-0.68; -0.20; I² = 73%) was observed. For DBP, the metanalysis indicated - 0.52 (95% CI=-0.73; -0.31; I² = 63%).</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>There was a publication time limitation of ten years, and the search was restricted to articles published in journals indexed in databases, and there was also significant heterogeneity for the intervention subgroups, which can be explained by the moderate methodological quality of the studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and implications of key findings: </strong>Considering the significant effects of exercise interventions on blood pressure, we suggest the development of more interventions based on physical exercise practice for overweight and obese children and adolescents, which may also add environmental elements, lasting at least 12 weeks, with three 60-minute sessions per week, better control of exercise intensity, as HIIT and MICT were more effective in promoting a reduction in blood pressure when compared to other types of exercise. The implementation of these programs must be carried out in a multicomponent and multiprofessional approach to guarantee the adherence of participants and promote significant and sustainable changes in the cardiovascular health of children and adolescents.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration number: </strong>PROSPERO no CRD42023469222.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"252"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11951679/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of cortisol as a neonatal pain biomarker in the application of non-pharmacological analgesia therapies: systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Inmaculada García-Valdivieso, Jorge Sánchez-Infante, Pablo Pando Cerra, Benito Yáñez-Araque, Sonsoles Hernández-Iglesias, Fernando Peña Cambón, Celia Álvarez-Bueno, Abel Checa Peñalver, Juan Manuel Pérez-Pozuelo, Sagrario Gómez-Cantarino","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05577-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-025-05577-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the history of Neonatology, decades ago pain has been little studied because it was believed that newborns didn't have the capacity to experience pain. Nowadays, there is enough evidence for the existence of neonatal pain but its adequate treatment is an aspect that is continuously evolving. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of non-pharmacological analgesia therapies used to alleviate pain in newborns by analysing neonatal cortisol levels as biological markers of pain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), and the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook. Searches were performed in databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and Science Direct until the end of May 2024. The search identified 1075 articles, of which 10 studies met the inclusion criteria and had the necessary data to develop the meta-analysis. Furthermore, in each meta-analysis, subgroups were performed: non-pharmacological analgesia vs. placebo, and pre-post intervention by gestational age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The meta-analysis found that breastfeeding exhibited a moderate effect size (SMD = -0.63; 95% CI = -1.07 to -0.19), sucrose showed a small effect (SMD = -0.15; 95% CI = -0.55 to 0.26), and skin to skin contact exhibited a large effect (SMD = -1.34; 95% CI = -2.21 to -0.46). Patients under 28 weeks have less post-intervention pain and showed a large effect (SMD = 1.44; 95% CI = 0.47 to 2.40), between 28 and 32 weeks they have more post-intervention pain and presented a small effect (SMD = -0.43; 95% CI = -0.86 to -0.0), and over 32 weeks they have an increased post-intervention pain and exhibited a large effect (SMD = -1.08; 95% CI = -1.65 to -0.51).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Non-pharmacological therapies showed efficacy in pain reduction based on neonatal cortisol levels. Skin to skin contact is the most effective method to reduce pain from invasive procedures, such as heel pricks in preterm infants under 28 weeks. Breastfeeding also demonstrated to be an effective and safe alternative to use for pain relief and to reduce cortisol levels. However, the cortisol results indicate that sucrose was not effective in reducing neonatal pain.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>PROSPERO: CRD42023463831.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"243"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11951685/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143728657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning in lymphocyte and immune biomarker analysis for childhood thyroid diseases in China.","authors":"Ruizhe Yang, Wei Li, Qing Niu, WenTao Yang, Wei Gu, Xu Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12887-024-05368-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-024-05368-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to characterize and analyze the expression of representative biomarkers like lymphocytes and immune subsets in children with thyroid disorders. It also intends to develop and evaluate a machine learning model to predict if patients have thyroid disorders based on their clinical characteristics, ultimately providing insights to enhance the clinical guidelines for the pathogenesis of childhood thyroid disorders.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This cross-sectional study conducted in China examined diagnosed cases to describe the characteristics and expression of lymphocyte and immune subsets as predicted by the model. The study included two groups of children: 139 who were hospitalized in the Department of Endocrinology and a control group consisting of 283 children who underwent routine health checks at the Department of Children Healthcare. Cases were classified into three groups based on diagnoses: Graves' disease (GD), Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), and hypothyroidism. By employing 11 readily obtainable serum biochemical indicators within three days of admission, the median concentrations and percentages of subset measurements were analyzed. Additionally, nine machine learning (ML) algorithms were utilized to construct prediction models. Various evaluation metrics, including the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), were employed to compare predictive performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GD cases had increased levels of CD3-CD19 + and CD3 + CD4 + T lymphocytes, and a higher CD4+/CD8 + ratio. In both GD and HT, the levels of complement C3c, IgA, and IgG were higher than those in the control group. HT cases also had an increasing percentage of CD3-CD16 + 56 + T lymphocytes. Most immune markers increased in hypothyroidism, except for some T lymphocyte percentages and the CD4+/CD8 + ratio. To reduce age-related bias, propensity score matching was used, yielding consistent results. Among the nine machine learning models evaluated, logistic regression showed the best performance, being useful in clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Specific lymphocytes with different biomarkers are positively correlated with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) in children. Complement proteins C3c and C4, along with IgG, IgA, IgM, and T/B cells, are significant in childhood thyroid diseases. Our best model can effectively distinguish these conditions, but to enhance accuracy, more detailed information such as clinical images might be needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"249"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11951590/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulmonary function testing in pediatric allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients to monitor for Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome: a systematic review.","authors":"William A Gower, Maximiliano Tamae-Kakazu, Shivanthan Shanthikumar, Saumini Srinivasan, Erin E Reardon, Amisha V Barochia, Edward Charbek, Charlotte Calvo, Pi Chun Cheng, Shailendra Das, Stella M Davies, Jessica Gross, Ajay Sheshadri, Christoper T Towe, Samuel B Goldfarb, Narayan P Iyer","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05501-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05501-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) represents a significant source of morbidity and non-relapse mortality among children and young adults treated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT). Pulmonary function testing (PFT) pre- and post-aHSCT may allow for pre-symptomatic detection of BOS, and thus early intervention. Current guidelines and practices vary regarding which tests to perform and timing relative to transplant. A systematic review evaluating PFT before and after pediatric aHSCT was conducted to inform American Thoracic Society clinical practice guidelines on detection of BOS.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the optimal approach to conducting PFT prior to and after pediatric aHSCT.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>We performed a systematic review of the literature to identify studies of PFT in human aHSCT recipients < 25 years of age to address two questions: (1) Should pre-transplant screening PFT be performed in pediatric patients who will undergo aHSCT? (2) At what frequency should pediatric patients who have had aHSCT undergo PFT? We searched in Medline through August 2022 for studies that enrolled patients < 25 years of age being treated with aHSCT for whom PFT data were reported before or after transplant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 30 studies with pre-transplant PFT data showed a wide range of findings, with the majority demonstrating abnormalities. In studies reporting respiratory symptoms, 85-100% of patients were asymptomatic. In the 21 studies reporting post-transplant PFT, 11 used a surveillance strategy where at least one test was performed in the first year post-transplant. Median time to BOS diagnosis was 6-12 months in the regular surveillance studies, and 6-24 months in the others. Forced expiratory volume in one second at the time of BOS diagnosis was 38-84% predicted in studies with regular surveillance versus 44-57% predicted in studies with no surveillance. In the surveillance group, BOS was identified in some patients who were asymptomatic. Data quality in studies reviewed was moderate to very low.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Abnormalities in PFT are common in children prior to aHSCT. Regular monitoring in the first 1-2 years post-aHSCT may improve early and/or pre-symptomatic identification of BOS, but significant limitations may still be seen at the time of diagnosis. Higher quality data are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"250"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11951628/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemodynamic profile of cerebral arteries using transcranial Doppler in children with sickle cell disease compared to children without sickle cell disease: Prospective analytical study.","authors":"Patrick Landu Kinkunda, Aliocha Natuhoyila Nkodila, Joël Kashale Mutamba, Orlin Mamona Yindula, Roger Izeidi Gangale, Lilly Mokulayanga, Émeraude Manzombi, Djo Mbo-M Iyoto, Lys Makwanza, Cynthia Bukumba Minouche, Stéphane Tongo Yanda, Antoine Aundu Molua, Jean Tshibola Mukaya","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05610-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05610-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cerebral vasculopathy is a frequent and serious complication of major sickle cell disease syndromes. Transcerebral Doppler (TCD) can detect stenosis of the main arteries at the base of the skull before stroke occurs, and initiate therapy to avoid complications. The objective of the study is to evaluate and compare the hemodynamic profile of the middle cerebral artery using TCD in children with sickle cell disease compared to children without sickle cell disease.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Prospective analytical study extended over a 6-month period from July 04, 2023 to December 28, 2023. The study population consisted of subjects followed for homozygous sickle cell disease SS and non-sickle cell subjects received at the above-mentioned centers, of all sexes, aged 2 to 16 years at most.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We recruited 182 children (52.2% male and 47.8% female) divided into 70 children with sickle cell disease and 112 children without sickle cell disease. The mean of Maximum systolic velocity (MSV) on the left was 85.0 ± 49.5 cm/s in sickle cell patients and 84.5 ± 17.8 cm/s in non-sickle cell patients. The mean of telediastolic velocity (TDV) was 40.9 ± 31.2 cm/s in sickle cell patients and 44.0 ± 15.8 cm/s in non-sickle cell patients. The mean maximum velocity (MMV) was 53.22 ± 39.0 cm/s in sickle cell patients and 57.5 ± 16.3 cm/s in non-sickle cell patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The mean velocity of children with sickle cell disease was lower than that of non-sickle cell patients, and the peak systolic velocity of children with sickle cell disease was slightly higher than those of children without sickle cell disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"246"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11951702/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Did smoking behavior change in adolescents and young adults with and without diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic? A cohort study from the DPV registry.","authors":"Katharina Warncke, Sabine E Hofer, Simone von Sengbusch, Uwe Ermer, Mareike Niemeyer, Andreas Lemmer, Dörte Hilgard, Alena Welters, Reinhard W Holl, Alexander J Eckert","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05434-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-025-05434-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Smoking is a risk factor for cardiovascular complications and can promote a severe course of COVID-19 infection. The aim of this study was to compare smoking habits of young people with diabetes with the general population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed smoking behavior in the Diabetes Prospective Follow-up Registry (DPV) cohort (type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) from Germany and T1D from Austria aged 14-24 years) and compared it to data from the German survey on smoking behavior (DEBRA study) of the general population. Data were aggregated per year and patient for 2016-2023. Logistic regression models adjusted for gender and migration background were calculated stratified by age groups (14-17; 18-24 years), taking repeated measurements into account. Smoking behavior between T1D and T2D or between Germany and Austria was compared with similar regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-four thousand two hundred seventy-five patients from the DPV cohort were included in data analysis. The overall proportion of people who smoked was lower in DPV than in the general population (13.4% vs. 24.0%), with the exception of young adults with T2D at the beginning of the pandemic (36.7% vs. 33.4%). For T1D, there was a significant upward trend in the number of patients who smoked in the group of 14-17 years (2.86%, CI 1.21-4.55 per year, p < 0.001) and also in the group of 18-24 years (4.94 per year, CI 1.37-8.63; p < 0.01) between 2016 and 2023. The proportion of smokers and the number of smoked cigarettes was higher in Austria than in Germany (10.7% vs. 8.0%; OR with 95%-CI 1.38 [1.22-1.56], p < 0.001; and 7.5 [6.8-8.1] vs. 5.9 [5.7-6.0] cigarettes/day, p < 0.001) and in T2D than T1D (11.0% vs. 7.9%; OR 1.44 [1.23-1.68], p < 0.001 and 8.0 [7.2-8.8] vs. 5.9 [5.7-6.1] cigarettes/day, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The reported proportion of smokers among young people with diabetes was lower than in the general population. Only young adults with T2D temporarily smoked more than the general population at the beginning of the pandemic. This could be explained by stress, but also by a changed daily structure during the lockdown.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"236"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11948826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143717973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}