BMC Pediatrics最新文献

{"title":"Correction: Prevention of nasal injury in preterm infants during positive pressure ventilation: a systematic review of interface and dressing selection.","authors":"Tian Gong, Jiali Yu, Hua Yang, Yu Fan Tang, Ao Huang, Yuan Xia Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05875-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05875-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"471"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144339833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Neonatal Lupus presenting with neonatal hemochromatosis-like liver disease that responded to steroids: a case report.","authors":"Ammar Abdulaziz Khayat, Amani Jaboor Alkhaldi","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05874-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05874-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"472"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144339832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Birth prevalence and associated factors of congenital anomalies among neonates born at a public hospital in Awi Zone, Northwestern Ethiopia: institutional based cross-sectional study.","authors":"Tsegaye Mehare, Yewbmirt Sharew","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05808-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-025-05808-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Congenital Anomalies, also known as birth defects, are structural, functional, or metabolic abnormalities present at birth or later in life that can result in physical or developmental impairments. In our study area, a notable proportion of newborns are affected by these conditions, posing significant challenges for healthcare providers and families in terms of diagnosis, management, and long-term care. Identifying the risk factors associated with congenital anomalies is crucial for developing targeted health interventions and improving neonatal outcomes. This study aimed to assess the birth prevalence and associated factors of congenital anomalies among neonates delivered at a public hospital in the Awi Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia, in 2023.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Institutional based cross-sectional study design was performed on 540 neonates. The study setting includes three primary hospitals (Gimjja Bete, Dangla, & Chagni) and Injibara general hospital from May 2022 to July 2023. The study subjects were mothers with their neonates delivered in the aforesaid facilities and those delivered at home and received care within the first 24 h following birth in the above health care settings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found that 8.3% of neonates (45 out of 540) had congenital anomalies. Several factors were significantly associated with these birth defects: mothers who did not take folic acid supplementation before and during early pregnancy had 8 times higher odds of having a baby with congenital anomalies (AOR: 8.04; 95% CI: 2.43-26.59). Unwanted and unintended pregnancies were associated with 3.27 times greater risk (95% CI: 1.25-8.56), while women with a history of neonatal death after 28 weeks gestation in previous pregnancies faced 2.44 times higher odds (95% CI: 1.10-5.42). Additionally, mothers who did not receive dietary counseling during pregnancy showed 2.09 times increased likelihood of having babies with congenital anomalies (95% CI: 1.08-4.06).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study found an 8.3% prevalence of congenital anomalies among neonates in Awi Zone, with central nervous system defects being most common. To mitigate this public health issue, we recommend: enhanced preconception and antenatal care with mandatory folic acid supplementation and nutritional guidance, comprehensive psychosocial and economic support programs for expectant mothers, and expanded access to family planning services to prevent unintended pregnancies.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"470"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12147373/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144257331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breaking barriers: challenging the notion of a strong link between physical fitness and executive functions in 10-year-olds.","authors":"Filip Kojić, Anđela Šoškić, Ivana Radin, Danimir Mandić, Gabrijela Grujić, Saša Đurić","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05799-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-025-05799-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study utilized a replicated measurement approach to comprehensively explore the connections between various aspects of physical fitness and executive functions in prepubescent children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The sample consisted of 62 students (32 boys, 30 girls, aged 10.44 ± 0.33 years) with assessments of physical fitness and executive functions conducted at two time points 4 months apart. Physical fitness assessment involved evaluating body composition (body-mass index, fat mass, fat-free mass) and measures of motor coordination (Obstacle Course Backward test), strength (Long Standing Jump test), speed of movement (Plate Tapping test), and aerobic fitness (20 m Shuttle Run test). Executive functions, specifically inhibition and cognitive flexibility, were evaluated using the Modified Stroop task and Trail Making task, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Initial measurements showed only low correlations (r = 0.12-0.20) between the Plate Tapping and Shuttle Run with executive function tasks, which did not reach statistical significance, while other connections were consistently trivial. In the follow-up measurement, the Plate Tapping test showed a moderate correlation (r = 0.39) with the Stroop task, while remaining correlations were either negligible or low and not significant. The findings suggest two important conclusions: (i) body composition shows limited association with executive functions in children; (ii) among motor variables, only the speed of limb movement may have some relevance for inhibition, but this association is relatively modest and inconsistent.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, the morphological status and motor competence of prepubertal children seem to have minimal effects on cognitive tasks involving inhibition and cognitive flexibility, and vice versa.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"469"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12147308/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144257332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological trends and disparities in the global burden of bacterial skin diseases among children and adolescents from 1990 to 2021: an analysis based on GBD 2021.","authors":"Hongen Guo, Peixin Zheng","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05825-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-025-05825-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bacterial skin diseases (BSDs) represent a substantial public health concern for children and adolescents worldwide. The emergence of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has further complicated treatment, efforts, highlighting the urgent need for targeted policies aimed at prevention and management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study utilized data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database, to analyze the global burden of BSDs among individuals aged 0-19 years from 1990 to 2021. Incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were the primary indicators assessed. stratified analysis conducted by gender, age, region, and socio-demographic index (SDI). Temporal trends were evaluated using the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC). Date analysis and visualization were performed using the R programming language.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2021, the global incidence of BSDs among children and adolescents reached 338 million cases, an increase of 49.32% compared to 1990 (EAPC = 0.86); Prevalence reached 14.23 million cases, an increase of 48.27% (EAPC = 0.85). During the same period, the DALYs rate decreased by 39.01% (EAPC = -1.9). Regionally, the burden was highest in sub-Saharan Africa, while the highest increase in incidence was observed in high-income North America. SDI-based stratification showed that DALYs were highest among infants in low SDI regions, while high SDI regions experienced a marked increase in incidence among adolescents aged 15-19 years. Gender analysis found that the incidence was higher among girls under five years of age, while the overall burden was higher among boys aged 15-19 years compared to girls. Neonates (0-6 days) were identified as the highest-risk group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although a moderate decline in DALYs rate was observed, the incidence and prevalence of BSDs continued to rise globally, with geographic, age-related, and genders disparities. These findings underscore the necessity of developing stratified and targeted intervention strategies to mitigate the increasing burden of BSDs among children and adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"467"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12147331/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144257356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two brothers presented with rare clinical characteristics with a novel LAGE3 variant: a case report and literature review.","authors":"Jieru Wei, Gongping Zhao, Lijie Li, Cuihua Liu, Jitong Li","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05810-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-025-05810-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Variants in the LAGE3 gene can lead to Galloway-Mowat syndrome (GAMOS), a rare genetic disease. Currently, there have been a total of 6 reported cases worldwide, all occurring in children under the age of 3 years old. The main features of LAGE3 variants include early-onset nephrotic syndrome, microcephaly, developmental delay, and neurological abnormalities, with a poor prognosis. However, there are few reports on mild clinical manifestations and prognosis associated with LAGE3 variants.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>Here, we report two brothers, aged 9 and 5 years old respectively, from a family, both presenting with nephrotic syndrome with different types of renal pathology. They both had a high-arched palate and were treated with steroids and tacrolimus, resulting in negative urine protein. Genetic sequencing revealed that both siblings carried a hemizygous variant in the LAGE3 gene: c.389T > G (p.V130G). However, neither of them exhibited the typical features of microcephaly, developmental delay, or neurological abnormalities associated with LAGE3 gene variants. Currently, both siblings have normal renal function and are being regularly followed up with a good prognosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This report is the first to document patients with LAGE3 variants who do not exhibit microcephaly, developmental delay, or neurological abnormalities. Additionally, it is the first case where proteinuria manifested at an older age and had a positive prognosis. The two siblings represent the 7th and 8th cases of children with LAGE3 variants, expanding the genotype and phenotype spectrum of LAGE3 variants, providing new insights for clinical diagnosis and risk assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"468"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12147265/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144257357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting obesity at adolescence from an early age in a Dutch observational cohort study: the development and internal validation of a multivariable prediction model.","authors":"Arjan Henryk Jonathan Huizing, Marieke Welten, Sylvia van der Pal, Yvonne Schönbeck, Pepijn van Empelen, Romy Gaillard, Vincent W V Jaddoe, Stef van Buuren","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05661-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-025-05661-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>- Identifying children with a high risk of developing future obesity could enable timely targeted prevention strategies. The study's objective was to develop prediction models that could detect if young children at very early age, from birth to age six, have an increased risk of being obese in early adolescence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>- We analyzed a subset of data (N = 4,309) from the Generation R study, a population-based prospective cohort study of pregnant women and their children from fetal life to young adulthood in the Netherlands. Parental, household, and birth/child characteristics were considered as predictors. We developed separate models for children at age zero (three months), two, four, and six years that predict obesity at age 10 to 14 years. Per age we fitted an optimal prediction model (full model) and a more practical model with less predictors (restricted model). For the development of the prediction models we used regularized regression models with a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) penalty to avoid overfitting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>- Parental body mass index (BMI), parental education level, latest child BMI measurements, ethnicity of the child, breakfast consumption, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) of the child were included as predictors in all models when considered as candidate predictor. The models for all age groups performed well (lowest area under the curve (AUC) 0.872 for the age 0 restricted model), with the highest performance for the 6-year model (AUC 0.954 and 0.949, full and restricted model). Sensitivity and specificity of models varied between ages with ranges 0.80-0.90 (full model); 0.79-0.89 (restricted model) and 0.80-0.88 (full model); 0.79-0.87 (restricted model).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>- These obesity prediction models seem promising and could be used as valuable tools for early detection of children at increased risk of being obese at adolescence, even at an early age.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"465"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12144741/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144246448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristic parameter analysis of magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging in children with autism spectrum disorder: a retrospective study.","authors":"Qianfang Jia, Xiaofang Wang, Xiwan Li, Shasha Li, Ming Wang, Luping Wang, Bingxiang Ma, Meng Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05771-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-025-05771-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"464"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12144793/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144246445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of nutritional screening in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia undergoing the maintenance chemotherapy.","authors":"Xuefen Zhao, Juan Wang, Li Chen, Xin Xu, Caihong Fu","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05788-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-025-05788-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To investigate the effectiveness of the routine nutritional screening for malnutrition risk in hospitalized children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) on maintenance chemotherapy from the viewpoint of clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The reviews of 1038 pediatric patients were retrieved for the retrospective, propensity score-matched, superiority study. A 1:1 propensity score matching was utilized to match patients who received nutritional screening (screening cohort) to those who remained usual care without screening (control cohort). The primary endpoint was the long-term event-free-survival (EFS) after the last cycle of maintenance. Secondary outcomes included immune function, complications and long-term quality-adjusted life years (QALYs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proportion of cases with risk of malnutrition in screening was 25.8%. At the end of 4 weeks following the last cycle, the level of serum albumin was higher in screening cohort than control cohort (p < 0.001), while the cellular immune function significantly improved in screening cohort (all p < 0.05). During a mean of 11.09 ± 6.45 months follow-up, 28.6% of patients in screening cohort had an event including ALL-related emergency visits, readmitted hospitalizations and severe infections compared to 46.5% of cases in control cohort yielding a hazard ratio of 0.397 (95%CI: 0.306, 0.493 and a significant difference in long-term EFS (24.07 (95%CI: 23.09, 25.04) vs. 18.02 (95%CI: 16.62, 19.42), log-rank p < 0.001). The means of QALYs calculated by area under the curve up to 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after discharge were significantly lower in screening cohort as opposed to control cohort (all p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pediatric ALL receiving the specific-for-children nutritional screening during hospitalization exhibited a better EFS over the 24-month follow-up than cases without screening. The benefit accounted for a significant improvement in immune function and QALYs scores over long-term follow-up.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"462"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12144713/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144246446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterisation of diabetic ketoacidosis in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a regional hospital study.","authors":"Sophy Korula, Sheikh Arif Maqbool Kozgar, Lloyd Bwanaisa","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05824-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-025-05824-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To characterise the clinical and biochemical parameters of children (0-16 years) who presented with Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) at a regional hospital in Australia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective observational study was conducted following the approval of the Ethics Committee. Data from 2018 to 2022 were collected from medical records, with a focus on patient treatment and follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 72 type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients with 30 DKA presentations were identified. The mean age at DKA presentation was 11.9 +/- 3.2 years, with 42.1% having new-onset T1D. An equal number of patients presented with mild (50%) and moderate to severe DKA. Of these, 24 presentations were managed with insulin infusion, and 6 (20%) were managed with subcutaneous insulin. Following a mean ED stay of 7.93 +/- 4.8 h, 14 patients (93.3%) were transferred to the CCU or ward, and 2 were transferred to a tertiary centre. The mean HbA1c was 12.55 +/- 2.1%, with a mean recovery time of 10.4 h for pH and 6.4 h for bicarbonate. Minor complications occurred in 10% of patients (all on insulin infusion). All patients were discharged in stable condition after 2.15 +/- 1.3 days. The follow-up rate was 72.2% (13/18), with a mean HbA1c of 8.32 +/- 1.8%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Regional hospitals witness a high frequency of children with T1D presenting with DKA as their first presentation. Targeting bicarbonate levels for acidosis correction could help facilitate an earlier transition to subcutaneous insulin and needs due consideration. This study substantiates the use of upfront subcutaneous insulin for mild to moderate DKA with good outcomes. Follow-up care remains a crucial gap that necessitates strengthening regional diabetes management teams.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"463"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12144721/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144246444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}