BMC Pediatrics最新文献

{"title":"The effect of early childhood stature on later cognitive functions in Indonesian adolescents: comparation using the National growth reference and the WHO growth standard.","authors":"Annang Giri Moelyo, Aman B Pulungan, Mei Neni Sitaresmi, Madarina Julia","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05829-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-025-05829-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prevalence of short stature in children under 5 using the National Growth Reference vs. the WHO Growth Standard is known to vary in many countries. Previous research has suggested possible associations between short stature early in childhood, frequently regarded as stunting, and later cognitive function.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to identify the effect of early childhood stature, using the National Indonesian Growth Chart (NIGC) vs. the WHO Growth Standard (WHO), on cognitive function in adolescence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study used two cohort data from the Indonesia Family Life Surveys (IFLS) that had both anthropometric data at the age of 2-5 years and at adolescence, as well as information on cognitive function at adolescence. At the age of 2-5 years, the height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) of the subjects were classified using both NIGC and WHO as follows: Normal NIGC & Normal WHO; Normal NIGC & Short WHO; and Short NIGC & Short WHO. In adolescence, cognitive function were assessed. An analysis was performed to assess the associations between variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cohort-1 included 866 subjects with complete information, while Cohort-2 included 1,436 subjects. After adjustment, subjects aged 2 to 5 years classified as Short NIGC & Short WHO had a consistent significantly negative effect on their later adolescent cognitive function: coefficient regression (95%CI): -2.82 {(-5.58)-(-0.06), p = 0.046}for Cohort-1 and - 4.13 {(-7.22)-(-1.04), p = 0.009} for Cohort-2. On the other hand, those classified as Short for WHO but Normal for NIGC were not associated with later negative cognitive function: coefficient regression (95%CI): -1.88 {(-4.00)- 0.24, p = 0.082} for Cohort-1 and - 1.32 {(-3.50)-0.87, p = 0.237} for Cohort-2. Cognitive function of both cohorts was also significantly influenced by the subjects' education, parental education and resicence in urban and Java-Bali (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Childhood stature was associated with later negative cognitive function only when the children were classified as short using NIGC. Classified as short stature using WHO, but not short using NIGC, was not associated with later negative cognitive function.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"466"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12144703/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144246450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neonatal seizures in Uyo: the burden, etiological factors and outcome.","authors":"Eno Etim Nyong, Mkpouto Udeme Akpan, Kingsley Irelosen Akhimienho, Ifunanya Ularinma Ebiekpi, Utibe David David","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05742-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-025-05742-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The significant neurological diseases in the newborn can manifest as seizures. Our aim is to establish the burden of neonatal seizures in Uyo, its etiological factors and outcome. This was a retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study that was carried out between May 2013 and June 2018. The study was carried out in the neonatal unit of the University of Teaching Hospital, Uyo. Neonates with seizures, suspected seizures or with conditions associated with seizures were identified in the admission register. Information extracted included age at admission, age on onset, gestational ages of neonates, birth weight, mode of delivery, APGAR score, family history of seizures, social status of the parent, significant findings on physical examination. Prevalence rate was taken as the number of neonates with seizures over the total number of neonates admitted during the period. The prevalence of neonatal seizures in Uyo was 2.93%. Majority of the newborns with seizures were term babies. Birth asphyxia and infective causes either singly or in concert with other etiological factors were the important causes of neonatal seizures. Hypocalcaemia as a cause of neonatal seizures tended to show bimodal chronologic distribution. Bizarre movements and other types of subtle seizures were the most common seizure type in the general population. More complications were observed in babies whose periods of onset were within the first three days of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"460"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12142816/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144246447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of intraventricular hemorrhage and associated factors to in premature babies in selected teaching hospitals in Rwanda.","authors":"Jeanne Uwizeyimana, Marie Grace Sandra Musabwasoni, Christine Mbila Wabenya, Winifride Murekatete, Larissa Flave Ishimwe, Pacifique Umubyeyi, Alex Lola Mwana Ngoye, Glorieuse Uwingabiye, Thierry Claudien Uhawenimana","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05836-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-025-05836-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"461"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12142919/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144246449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sodium bicarbonate in treating lactic and non-lactic metabolic acidosis at different chloride levels: a retrospective study.","authors":"Jian Wu, Ling Lai, Xiaoyan Xue, Shuiyan Wu, Huaqing Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05815-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-025-05815-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sodium bicarbonate is commonly used to correct metabolic acidosis in pediatric patients, yet its efficacy remains controversial. This study aims to assess its effectiveness in treating non-lactic and lactic metabolic acidosis and its impact at various chloride levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was conducted by screening pediatric patients diagnosed with metabolic acidosis from a paediatric intensive care database. Patients were categorized into two groups: lactate patients (lactate > 2.0 mmol/L) and non-lactate patients (lactate ≤ 2.0 mmol/L). The risk of death in patients who received sodium bicarbonate was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sodium bicarbonate treatment did not significantly affect in-hospital mortality in either overall lactate patients or non-lactate patients, with adjusted OR of 1.044 (95% CI: 0.829-1.315, p = 0.714) and 0.838 (95% CI: 0.548-1.281, p = 0.414), respectively. In lactate patients, those receiving sodium bicarbonate had a higher risk of in-hospital death when chloride was < 107 mmol/L (adjusted OR = 2.195, 95% CI: 1.536-3.135, p < 0.001), whereas the risk of in-hospital death decreased when chloride was ≥ 113 mmol/L (adjusted OR = 0.365, 95% CI: 0.217-0.614, p < 0.001). Similar findings were observed in non-lactate patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sodium bicarbonate treatment does not improve the survival of pediatric patients with lactate or non-lactate metabolic acidosis. However, it can reduce the odds of mortality in pediatric patients with hyperchloremia, regardless of their lactate levels. Prospective studies are needed to further confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"458"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12139307/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144233198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Support for age related firearm policies among Black American firearm owners: examining the role of children in the home.","authors":"Vanya C Jones, Elizabeth D Wagner, Julie A Ward, Rebecca Valek, Cassandra Crifasi","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05781-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-025-05781-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In recent years, ownership of firearms has increased to approximately one-third of American households. Firearm access is a threat to child safety, with the most common location of fatal childhood firearm injury being at home. Exploring differences in opinions on gun violence prevention policies among Black firearm owners could inform community-supported interventions as one approach to reduce violent injuries among disproportionately affected youth. This study examined support for child-safety-related firearm policies among Black gun owners and whether support differed between those with and without children living in the home.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This observational cross-sectional study used data from the 2023 wave of the National Survey of Gun Policy, fielded using NORC's AmeriSpeak Panel. Black survey respondents (n = 177) self-reported firearm ownership and whether children lived in the home. Fourteen key policies potentially relevant to youth firearm violence, firearm exposure, and safety were evaluated in this study using a binary measure of support derived from a five-point Likert scale. Survey weights were applied to adjust for sampling deviations, and survey-weighted proportions (WPs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to examine differences between groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Black firearm owners with children in the home (n = 65) were younger, had lower income, and were more likely to live in metropolitan areas compared to those without children in the home (n = 112). There was over 60% support, with little variance, among Black firearm owners with and without children living in the home for 11 of the 14 policies. The only significant difference among these groups was in support for temporary firearm removal by law enforcement for individuals posing an immediate threat. Although still over 60%, support was lower among owners with children living in the home (65%, CI: 0.51-0.79) compared to those without children living in the home (85%, CI: 0.77-0.93).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study found that Black firearm owners are a demographically diverse group overall and when comparing those with and without children living in the home. These findings suggest that Black firearm owners may be receptive to policies and programs to reduce violence among pediatric populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"459"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12139284/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144233199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adolescent firearm injury trends at a Level I trauma center in Washington State, USA, 2011-2021.","authors":"Erika Marts, Frederick P Rivara, N Jeanie Santaularia, Ali Rowhani-Rahbar","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05816-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-025-05816-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Firearm-related harm is a pressing public health problem in the United States, particularly among adolescents. While informative, national level data may mask variations in firearm injury incidence across and within states.Publicly available firearm injury data may be limited or unavailable, highlighting the importance of analyzing more granular data to develop or refine tailored interventions shaped by the unique needs and contexts of individual communities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study used data from a Level I Trauma Center and death records to examine adolescent firearm injury trends in King County, Washington from 2011 to 2021. We calculated incidence rates per 100,000 population for each year of the study period and examined differences by fatality, intent, race, ethnicity, age, and sex.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Annual incidence rate of overall firearm injury significantly increased during the study period from 18.1 to 24.9 per 100,000 persons (p = 0.003); we observed the highest rate in 2020 (26.5 per 100,000 persons) and the lowest in 2013 (11.5 per 100,000 persons). Nonfatal firearm injuries comprised 71.4% of our sample and had the highest rate in 2020 (18.7 per 100,000 persons), while the rate of fatal firearm injuries was highest in 2021 (8.0 per 100,000 persons). Assault-related firearm injuries were most frequent (73.7%), were primarily nonfatal (81.7%), and significantly increased during the study period (p < 0.001). The rate of self-inflicted injuries surpassed that of unintentional injuries during the study period and the majority were fatal (92.5%). Overall firearm injury incidence rates were highest among adolescents aged 18-19, males, and individuals from racial or ethnic minority groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The rate of firearm injuries among King County adolescents significantly increased between 2011 and 2021. Our study identified a disproportionate burden of firearm-related harm among King County adolescents who are Black, American Indian or Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, Latine, male, and aged 18-19, highlighting disparities in firearm injury by demographic subgroups. These findings may assist the development of local evidence-informed prevention and intervention strategies and guide the implementation of existing interventions among adolescents disproportionately impacted by firearm-related harm.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"455"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12139352/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical treatment-seeking behaviour for childhood diarrhea among Haitian mothers: secondary data analysis from the 2016-2017 Haitian demographic and health survey.","authors":"David Jean Simon, Vénunyé Claude Kondo Tokpovi, Adama Ouedraogo, Ann Kiragu","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05758-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-025-05758-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In Haiti, childhood diarrhea is one of the leading causes of serious illness and death among children. Factors associated with medical treatment-seeking behaviours for diarrhea illnesses are poorly documented even though diarrhea treatment is key to reduce diarrhea-related child morbidity and mortality. To fill this gap, this study aimed to determine prevalence and identify factors associated with medical treatment-seeking behaviour for childhood diarrhea among Haitian mothers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was based on secondary data, collected from the fifth round of the Haitian Demographic and Health Survey (HDHS 2016-2017). Medical treatment-seeking behaviour for childhood diarrhea was the outcome variable. Various demographic and socio-economic variables were considered as explanatory variables. Descriptive statistics (univariate and bivariate percentage distribution, Pearson's Chi-square test) and multilevel logistic regression were employed to draw inferences from the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>1,245 children constituted our study population. The prevalence of children who suffered from diarrhea and received treatment (either oral rehydration solution (ORS) or recommended home fluids (RHF)) within two weeks period before the survey was 42.9% (95% CI 40.2-45.6). The results also revealed that children from the \"Aire Métropolitaine de Port-au-Prince\" region (Ref.), aged 12-23 months (aOR = 1.79; 95% CI: 1.26-2.55), whose mothers were aged 35 and above (aOR = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.15-2.67), whose mothers had secondary and higher levels (aOR = 1.63; 95% CI: 1.02-2.60), whose mothers were in a union (aOR = 2.18; 95% CI: 1.23-3.85), whose mothers did not consider the distance to the health facility a big problem (aOR = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.01-1.84), and children from communities with high access to improved toilet facilities (Ref.) were significantly more likely to receive diarrhea treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To increase the uptake of diarrhea treatment in Haiti, policymakers and stakeholders must give due consideration to those factors. They should educate the population on the causes of childhood diarrhea, its consequences, and the importance of ORS and RHF. The socio-economic vulnerability of some Haitian communities, especially those with low access to improved toilet facilities, could be a major barrier to the use of diarrhea treatments. Consequently, the Haitian government needs to subsidize these products so that they are freely available in public health facilities and pharmacies in these communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"456"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12139203/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144233196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relation between executive functioning, sensory processing, and motor performance in children with autism.","authors":"Rehab H Alsaedi","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05756-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-025-05756-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The neurological model of autism proposes that higher-order processing disturbances underpin the condition's behavioral features, although emerging evidence attributes these executive functioning issues to lower-order processing disturbances influenced by sensory and motor development. This raises an important question concerning the directionality and development trajectories of neurological disturbances in autism. Hence, this study sought to elucidate the overlapping relations among executive dysfunctions, sensory processing atypicalities, and motor performance disruptions in children with autism.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected from 119 children with autism and their parents/guardians, who were recruited from Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. The participants' executive functioning, sensory processing, and motor performance were assessed using standardized computerized neuropsychological tests and parent rating scales. Two models were developed to examine whether the downstream effects of sensory processing disturbances and motor performance delays predict/contribute to the cognitive disruptions observed in the children.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The structural equation modeling results revealed there to be significant structural pathways leading from the latent sensory-motor domains to the latent executive functions, which held true for both laboratory and real-world functioning, indicating that sensory-motor issues contribute to more severe disturbances in executive functions. Notably, the model including the motor variable (measured using the BOT-2) was the best predictor of altered executive functioning in everyday and laboratory settings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of this study indicate the potential of multifaceted and clinically integrated training programs that target both sensory and motor abilities in children with autism to improve their executive functioning. An in-depth understanding of the relations among these parameters may suggest new therapeutic approaches for these children.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"457"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12139061/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144233197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is performing the Kasai portoenterostomy in the neonatal period associated with a better prognosis? A single-center, retrospective cohort study from China.","authors":"Chuanping Xie, Peize Wang, Dingding Wang, Yuyan Jin, Shuangshuang Li, Yong Zhao, Junmin Liao, Yanan Zhang, Kaiyun Hua, Yichao Gu, Jingbin Du, Yongwei Chen, Dayan Sun, Guojun Zhang, Jinshi Huang","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05780-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-025-05780-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/purpose: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate discrepancies in prognosis after the Kasai portoenterostomy (KPE) procedure between neonatal and non-neonatal periods among patients undergoing the KPE procedure less than 60 days after birth (≤ 60 days).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All type III BA patients who performed KPE less than 60 days from June 2020 to May 2024 in the Department of Neonatal Surgery of Beijing Children's Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. They were divided into two groups according to the age at Kasai: the early KPE group (EK group, or neonatal group ≤ 30 days after birth) and the late KPE group (LK group, or non-neonatal group 31-60 days after birth), to evaluate the effect of surgical age on the postoperative efficacy following Kasai.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>61 BA patients were included in our study. The median age at KPE in the EK group was 14.0 [10.0, 20.0] days and 47.0 [36.8, 51.1] days in the LK group. Regarding postoperative complications, Patients in the EK group tended to have a higher incidence of postoperative intestinal obstruction (10.5% vs. 0.0%, p = 0.033) compared to those in the LK group. However, the postoperative long-term prognosis of KPE in the EK group seemed much better than in the LK group. Compared to the LK group, a significantly greater proportion of patients in the EK group achieved successful jaundice clearance (84.2% vs. 40.5%, p = 0.002) and successful bile acids clearance (63.2% vs. 19.0%, p = 0.001). Additionally, the one-year NLS in the EK group was also higher than the LK group despite without statistically significant difference (88.2% vs. 61.5%, p = 0.046). Kaplan-Meier curve also showed a significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.049, HR = 3.91, 95%Cl 1.46-10.46). Further, we evaluate the changes in biochemical indexes and liver hardness indicators over time in BA patients who had achieved one-year NLS. We found that compared to BA patients in the LK group, those in the EK group exhibited faster jaundice clearance and bile acids clearance, and more normalized biochemical indicators and liver hardness one year after Kasai.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Performing KPE procedure in the neonatal period was associated with a better long-term prognosis despite of potential increased risk of postoperative adhesive ileus.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"454"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12139268/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and associated factors of self-medication with antibiotics among pediatric population in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Tambe Daniel Atem, Ruby Singh, Dorothy Newbury-Birch, Biplab Pal, Vaibhav Chaudhary","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05676-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-025-05676-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antibiotic resistance presents a substantial threat to global public health. One of the primary contributors to antibiotic resistance is the irrational use of antibiotics. This study aimed to comprehensively assess the prevalence and associated factors of antibiotic self-medication (ASM) practices among the pediatric population in India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar to identify relevant articles published up to December 2024. Inclusion criteria included studies reporting the prevalence rate of ASM practices among the pediatric population in India. Quality assessment of the included studies was conducted using the JBI tool for prevalence studies. Data were extracted using a standardized form and analyzed using R software with a random-effects model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventeen studies involving 7847 children were analyzed. The pooled prevalence of pediatric ASM in India was 19.8% (95% CI: 13.5; 28.2; I² = 98.2%; p < 0.01). Regional disparities were observed (p < 0.01), with the northern region exhibiting the highest prevalence at 30.7%. No significant difference in prevalence was found between studies that recruited participants from hospital and community settings (p = 0.0552). Key factors associated with pediatric ASM included financial constraints, time constraints, perceptions of mild illness, and limited healthcare access. Common sources for procuring antibiotics were local pharmacies, leftover medications, and friends/family members. Information sources regarding the use of antibiotics included previous prescriptions, friends/family members, media, past experiences, and pharmacists. The mean duration of antibiotic consumption was 2.5 days.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Self-medication with antibiotics was prevalent among the pediatric population in India. Therefore, government and policymakers should take necessary measures to promote the responsible use of antibiotics.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"451"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12135438/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}