BMC Pediatrics最新文献

{"title":"Factors influencing on functional independence outcomes after hospitalization and rehabilitation in children with spinal cord injury.","authors":"Hong-Bo Zhao, Xiang-Jiang Rong, Qi Zhang, Ting-Ting Ma, He Yan, Tian-Tian Zhou, Yan-Qing Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05602-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05602-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study is to investigate the factors that influence functional autonomy outcomes in children who have undergone rehabilitation for spinal cord injury. The aim is to enhance the clinical guidance provided to inpatients at the China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Bo-ai Hospital. Furthermore, the objective is to optimize rehabilitation interventions and establish a scientific basis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study employed a retrospective survey method for data collection and analysis. Descriptive analysis, one-way ANOVA analysis, and Multiple logistic regression analysis were utilized to examine the influencing factors associated with the prognosis of functional independence outcomes in children with SCI. The degree of influence of each independent variable on functional independence outcomes was ultimately determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The total score of SCIM-III at admission was 41.48 ± 4.089, and the total score of SCIM-III at discharge was 50.05 ± 25.028, resulting in a significant difference in the total score of SCIM-III was (8.57 ± 7.000, p < 0.001).In one-way ANOVA analysis, Self-care: injury segments, damage plane, ASIA, assistive devices, complications, rehabilitation duration treatment, WISCI-II, UEMS and LEMS, BI, and 6WMD groups were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Respiratory and sphincter management: injury segments, ASIA, complications, injury to recovery time interval, rehabilitation duration treatment, WISCI-II, UEMS and LEMS, BI, and 6WMD groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Move: age, injury segments, damage plane, rehabilitation duration treatment, WISCI-II, UEMS and LEMS groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05). SCIM-III total score: age, AISA, assistive devices, injury to recovery time interval, rehabilitation duration treatment were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis, revealed that the injury to recovery time interval had a negative correlation with the total difference in SCIM-III scale (t = -9.893, p < 0.001; 95%CI-12.006~-7.780), while the duration of rehabilitation treatment (t = 4.245, p < 0.001, 95%CI 2.636 ~ 5.854) had a positive correlation with different age groups (t = 4.002, p < 0.001, 95%CI 2.421 ~ 5.583).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The shorter the interval between the time of spinal cord injury and the time of intervention for rehabilitation, the more favorable the functional recovery of the children. Children with SCI who were hospitalized for rehabilitation and achieved 3-month daily functional independence scores were more successful. It is recommended that rehabilitation interventions for children with SCI in this institution should be initiated as early as possible and maintained over time. Among the subjects, the prognosis of functional independence was more favorable in the school-age group (6-18y) than in the preschool group (3-6 y).</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"261"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Test agreement between GeneXpert and urine lipoarabinomannan test for tuberculosis diagnosis among children in Ethiopia.","authors":"Daniel Derese, Takele Teklu, Abera Kumalo, Tariku Chinasho, Temesgen Anjulo","doi":"10.1186/s12887-024-05344-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-024-05344-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading public health problems in children mainly due to difficulties in the diagnosis of disease in children. It has been reported that the commercial urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) assays used in patients with confirmed pulmonary TB have low sensitivity. This raises the need for alternative tests to screen for M. tuberculosis infection using easily collectable samples, such as urine, in host samples. This study aimed to detect the diagnostic agreement between GeneXpert MTB/RIF and WHO-recommended LAM antigen test for the detection of TB in children using urine samples.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 337 children in Wolaita Sodo University comprehensive Hospital. LAM antigen and GeneXpert methods were used to detect TB from urine samples. The agreement between the two tests was assessed using Kappa statistics with the standard error (SE), concordance, and disagreements statistics. Logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with TB and P-values less than 0.05 were considered as having a statistically significant association.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>M. tuberculosis was detected in 26 using TB LAM giving an overall prevalence of 7.7% (5.0-10.7%) and 8.6%; CI 5.6-11.6) using GeneXpert. The two tests had an almost perfect agreement (Concordance of 99.1% and kappa value of 0.94 with a standard error of 0.034) for the detection of TB in urine samples. Co-infections with other diseases [AOR = 4.00: 95% CI, 1.428, 11.203], cough for the previous two weeks [AOR = 3.700: 95% CI, 1.039, 13.183], night sweat [AOR = 4.255: 95% CI, 1.453, 12.463] and loss of appetite [AOR = 3.994: 95% CI, 1.444, 11.045] had significant associations with pulmonary TB among children in the study area.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Tuberculosis was still a public health concern among children under five years old in the study area. The GeneXpert had almost perfect test agreement with WHO recommended TB LAM antigen test for the diagnosis of TB among under-five children, however, it needs further confirmation study with a large sample size to use as a diagnostic test.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"254"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating tidal volume stability in extremely preterm infants on high-frequency oscillatory ventilation with volume guarantee.","authors":"Saleh S Algarni, Omar M Almutairi, Mohammed Sufyani, Saad Alshreedah, Naif Alotaibi, Sami S Alanazi, Abeer H Alharthi, Ibrahim Alanazi, Abadi Ghazwani, Ibrahim Ali, Abdulaziz Homedi, Saif Alsaif, Kamal Ali","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05612-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05612-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>High Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation (HFOV) combined with volume guarantee (HFOV-VG) represents an innovative ventilation mode designed for managing respiratory failure in neonates. This study aimed to assess the stability of High Frequency tidal volume (VThf) in extremely preterm infants ventilated on HFOV with VG during the first 48 h of life. Additional objectives included examining the correlations between VThf, Diffusion Coefficient of Carbon Dioxide (DCO₂) and key respiratory markers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective, single-center study included 22 extremely preterm infants treated with HFOV-VG as the primary mode of ventilation at King Abdulaziz Medical City. Data were collected directly from the ventilator every minute for the first 48 h of life. Blood gases were analyzed every 4-6 h to maintain normocapnia (PCO₂ 40-55 mmHg). The distribution of continuous variables was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality. As most data were found to be non-normally distributed, results are presented as medians with interquartile ranges (IQR). The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare non-normally distributed continuous variables across groups. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (Spearman's rho) was used to evaluate correlations between key clinical and ventilatory variables. All statistical analyses were conducted using Stata software (version 17; StataCorp LLC, College Station, TX), with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-two infants had a median gestational age of 26.5 weeks (IQR 24-28) and a median birth weight of 830 g (IQR 600-1300). The median set VThf per kilogram was 2.2 mL/kg [IQR 2,2.6], which was consistent with the measured VThf. Significant correlations were observed between weight-corrected DCO₂ and VThf (spearman rho = 0.8089, p < 0.0001), and between measured amplitude and weight corrected DCO₂ (spearman rho = 0.6497p < 0.0001). Raw DCO₂ correlated with measured amplitude (spearman rho = 0.1364, p < 0.0001). PCO₂ showed no significant correlation with raw DCO₂ (p = 0.4813) and weight-corrected DCO₂ (p = 0.4845). Notable variations in FiO₂, frequency, and MAP were identified between different PCO₂ levels (p < 0.01) as well as the weight corrected DCO₂ (p = 0.04).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HFOV-VG effectively stabilized VThf in extremely preterm infants with fluctuations in amplitude, providing consistent ventilation support during the early critical period. The weight-corrected DCO₂ correlated strongly with VThf and measured amplitude, underscoring its potential as a reliable marker for CO₂ clearance. These findings highlight the utility of HFOV-VG in managing respiratory needs in extreme preterm infant.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"260"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, associated factors, and clinical outcomes of Helicobacter pylori infection in pediatric populations in a war-torn urban environment in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo: a mixed methods study.","authors":"Emmanuel Busha Tibasima, Patrick Kumbowi Kumbakulu, Lundula Penge Chirac, Omari Ramazani, Tsumbu Byaruhanga Patrick, Kazembe Kamalo Olga, Gabriel Kakuru Shamavu, Mitangala Ndeba Prudence, Banga Mseza","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05588-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05588-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection remains a significant public health concern in developing countries, especially among pediatric populations where data are limited. In war-torn regions like the Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, the impact of H. pylori infection on children's health may be exacerbated due to disrupted healthcare systems and limited resources.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This mixed-methods study, incorporating both cross-sectional and prospective cohort designs, was conducted at Samaritan Doctor's Pediatric Centre between January 2020 and December 2022. The study enrolled 323 children aged 0 to 15 years presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were assessed via questionnaire, and H. pylori stool antigen rapid tests were performed. Multivariate regression analyses were conducted. Participants were followed up and outcomes recorded after 30 days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 323 participants, 119 (36.80%) tested positive for H. pylori infection. Independent factors associated with H. pylori infection included age between 37 and 59 months (aOR: 9.76, 95% CI: 2.62-36.40, p = 0.001), caretaker's occupation (aOR: 2.58, 95% CI: 1.19-5.54, p = 0.016), presence of pets at home (aOR: 0.371, 95% CI: 0.18-0.74, p = 0.005), drinking unsafe water (aOR: 0.13, 95% CI: 0.04-0.42, p = 0.001), anemia (aOR: 4.80, 95% CI: 1.12-20.53, p = 0.034), and presence of red blood cells in stool (aOR: 30.84, 95% CI: 13.97-68.10, p < 0.0001). Thirty days post-initial treatment with first-line medications (omeprazole, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin), 19.30% of patients remained positive for H. pylori.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Children with occult blood in stool and microcytic anemia should be tested for H. pylori using stool antigen tests. Treatment with clarithromycin should be guided by local antibiotic resistance data. Hygiene education, including safe water practices and managing pet contact, is crucial due to their association with H. pylori infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"257"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retained crystal ball in pediatric gastrointestinal tract: a cautionary case report.","authors":"Fredy Makele, Yi Yang, Wenqiang Zhang, Libin Zhu","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05581-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05581-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Decorative crystal balls, also known as superabsorbent polymer gel beads, pose a significant hazard when ingested due to their ability to expand upon exposure to water. Diagnosing crystal ball ingestion remains challenging because of their transparency to radiation, making them difficult to visualize using X-ray imaging. Small crystal balls may not be detected in their early stages, only becoming visible once they fully swell and cause intestinal obstruction. This often results in some crystal balls remaining in the distal intestine after primary surgery aimed at removing the proximal crystals.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 2-year-old girl was referred to our hospital with persistent vomiting and fever. She was diagnosed with acute intestinal obstruction, and imaging revealed features of dynamic obstruction. Emergency laparotomy identified an obstruction in the mid-terminal ileum caused by a superabsorbent polymer gel bead (crystal ball). A jelly-like mass measuring 4x4.5 cm was removed and sent for histopathological examination. Intestinal anastomosis was performed during the initial surgery to restore bowel continuity. Postoperatively, complications arose, including infection in the abdominal cavity and breakdown of the anastomosed area. A previously missed gel bead, referred to as \"crystal baby,\" which had not been identified during the initial surgery, caused severe leakage and infection. Given the high risk of further anastomotic complications, a double-lumen ileostomy was performed. The child's condition improved, and follow-up imaging one month after surgery revealed no further obstruction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights the diagnostic and surgical challenges associated with crystal balls (superabsorbent polymer gel beads) and emphasizes the need for careful management to prevent severe complications. It also underscores the risks of intestinal anastomosis in such cases and the necessity of alternative approaches, such as ileostomy, to ensure better outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"245"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11951638/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The attitude of the unvaccinated children's parents toward pediatric COVID-19 vaccination in Tabriz, Iran.","authors":"Nasrin Jafari, Hossein Akbari, Anahita Maghsoodi, Parvin Sarbakhsh","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05615-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05615-7","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The COVID-19 vaccination has played a crucial role in combating the pandemic, yet vaccine hesitancy remains a significant barrier to achieving herd immunity. This challenge is particularly pronounced in specific cultural and geographic contexts. Understanding the reasons for parental reluctance to vaccinate their children is essential for developing effective public health strategies. This study aimed to assess the attitudes of parents with unvaccinated children aged 5-12 years toward COVID-19 vaccination and to explore their reasons for not vaccinating their children, despite having access to vaccination programs, in Tabriz, Iran.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Method: &lt;/strong&gt;This cross-sectional study, conducted between March and August 2022 in Tabriz. A random sample of 400 parents was selected from five healthcare centers using a cluster sampling method in conjunction with the Iranian SIB system. To gather data, a questionnaire was developed based on a comprehensive literature review and interviews with local parents. The questionnaire's content validity was established through expert review, and its internal consistency reliability was assessed, yielding a Cronbach's alpha of 0.85, indicating good reliability. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA, chi-square, and Fisher's exact tests to explore associations between demographic factors and vaccine hesitancy. Multiple logistic regression was employed to identify significant predictors of parents' reluctance to vaccinate their children. Additionally, the reasons for unwillingness were reported for hesitant and unwilling parents and compared using the chi-square test.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Result: &lt;/strong&gt;Out of 400 parents of unvaccinated children, 263 parents (65.8%) were definitely unwilling, 21 (5.3%) were hesitant, and 116 (29.0%) were accepting to vaccinate their children against COVID-19. The analysis revealed that parents of children with underlying diseases were more hesitant or unwilling to vaccinate (OR = 1.77, (95% CI: (0.93, 3.42), P-value = 0.07). Additionally, mothers were more hesitant or unwilling than fathers (OR = 2.24, 95% CI: (1.42, 3.53), P-value = 0.001). The top three concerns among the unwilling and hesitant parents were the side effects of COVID-19 vaccination for children (reported by over 81.0%), the perception that vaccination could decrease the disease process (over 46.0%), and the lack of valid information about the side effects (above 42.9%). Furthermore, an important reason for unwillingness among unwilling parents was a lack of trust in the available vaccines (40.5%).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Parents' willingness to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 in Tabriz was low, primarily due to concerns about the potential side effects of the vaccine. To address this issue, culturally sensitive public health campaigns should be designed that specifically target these concerns and involve trusted community figures. These initia","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"248"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11951589/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of SLCO1B1 genetic variants with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia: a consolidated analysis of 36 studies.","authors":"Hanieh Talebi, Seyed Alireza Dastgheib, Maryam Vafapour, Reza Bahrami, Amirhossein Shahbazi, Seyedeh Elham Shams, Mahsa Danaei, Heewa Rashnavadi, Maryam Yeganegi, Melina Pourkazemi, Amirmasoud Shiri, Maryam Aghasipour, Hossein Neamatzadeh","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05493-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05493-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to assess the link between polymorphisms in the SLCO1B1 gene, responsible for the organic anion transporter polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1), and the risk of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature review was performed utilizing PubMed, Web of Knowledge, and CNKI, culminating on December 1, 2023, focusing on studies published before this date. The search employed relevant keywords and MeSH terms related to hyperbilirubinemia and genetic factors. The inclusion criteria focused on original case-control, longitudinal, or cohort studies, with no restrictions on language or publication year. Correlations were quantified as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-six case-control studies drawn from 22 publications encompassed a total of 5,186 cases and 5,561 controls. Among these, 20 studies involved the rs2306283 polymorphism, with 2,602 cases and 2,832 controls, while 16 studies focused on rs4149056, including 2,584 cases and 2,729 controls. Sample sizes varied significantly, ranging from 41 to 447 cases and 47 to 544 controls. Pooled analysis indicated no significant associations for rs2306283 overall or within Asian and Caucasian subgroups; however, significant associations emerged within the Chinese subgroup under both the allele model (OR = 1.297, 95% CI 1.012-1.662, p = 0.040) and the dominant model (OR = 1.344, 95% CI 1.013-1.784, p = 0.041), suggesting a potential risk tied to the G allele. Conversely, the examination of rs4149056 revealed no significant associations across all comparisons, including ethnic subgroup analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results imply that polymorphisms rs2306283 and rs4149056 in the SLCO1B1 gene are generally not associated with the risk of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in overall population. Nevertheless, rs2306283 may pose an increased risk within the Chinese population, while rs4149056 shows no significant correlations across various groups. Further research is needed to clarify these implications and investigate other genetic factors related to neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"251"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11951654/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the effectiveness of the complementary therapy web application based on Kiddo game therapy on children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a before and after study.","authors":"Atefeh Arkani, Narges Norouzkhani, Azam Kheirdoust, Kosar Ghaddaripouri, Mohammad Reza Mazaheri Habibi","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05607-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05607-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurological disorders, especially in childhood. Children with ADHD may have symptoms such as an inability to maintain concentration and attention, inappropriate developmental performance, and impulsivity. Play therapy helps to improve such symptoms by making the treatment process attractive. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the Kiddo game-based complementary therapy web application in this disorder. This study was conducted in 2022 on 40 children aged 4 to 12 years in 2 psychotherapy clinics located in two cities. The available sampling method was used to select participants. At first, the Conners questionnaire was completed by the children's parents, and then the Kiddo web application was made available for two months. At the end, the Conners questionnaire was again completed by the parents. Nearly 31 children with ADHD were evaluated. The average age was 6.48 ± 1.89. The highest percentage of children was in preschool. A significant difference was observed between the average Conners scores before and after the intervention (P < 0.001). The results showed that complementary treatment based on play therapy improves the quality of life in ADHD children and reduce the amount and severity of the disorder. Intervention based on remote play therapy can be used as an effective, accessible, and low-cost intervention for children with ADHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"247"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11951661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serotypes distribution and antibiotic susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains: five-year surveillance results of post-PCV-13.","authors":"Serkan Atıcı, Deniz Güneşer, Eda Kepenekli, Güner Söyletir, Ahmet Soysal","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05593-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05593-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Approximately 100 capsular serotypes of S. pneumonia have been identified according to the composition of their capsular polysaccharides, currently available vaccines do not cover many of these. Pneumococcal vaccination serotype coverage is essential for preventing noninvasive and invasive illnesses as well as asymptomatic carriage. We aimed to determine the serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of pneumococcal clinical isolates in this study. We also analyzed the serotype coverage rates of PCV13, which is applied in the NIP, and PCV-15 and PCV20, which have been introduced recently.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study is a retrospective surveillance of pneumococcal infections including invasive pneumococcal isolates (IPIs) and non-invasive pneumococcal isolates (non-IPIs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 420 isolates from 356 different patients aged 0-89 years were enrolled in the study. A total of 420 pneumococcal isolates were serotyped and 26 different serotypes were detected. Serotype 19 F was the most prevalent serotype (n = 96, 22.8%), followed by 6 A/B (n = 55, 13.1%), 23 F (n = 49, 11.6%), 3 (n = 22, 5.2%) and 19 A (n = 16, 3.8%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Surveillance studies of pneumococcal diseases are critical to investigating current serotype distributions, antibiotic resistance status, and frequency of IPD cases. Considering the increasing antibiotic resistance rates of S. pneumoniae, it is necessary to provide protective immunization by switching to more comprehensive PCV vaccines rather than treatment.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"244"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11951652/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of different physical exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"João Victor Affornali Tozo, Maiara Cristina Tadiotto, Tatiana A Affornali Tozo, Francisco Jose de Menezes-Junior, Jorge Mota, Beatriz Oliveira de Pereira, Rafaela Rosário, Neiva Leite","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05575-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The purpose of this meta-analysis was to systematically review studies in the literature that evaluated the effect of different exercise programs on blood pressure in overweight children and adolescents.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>In September 2024, studies were searched in six electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Sportdiscus, Lilacs, and Scielo) and in reference lists.</p><p><strong>Study eligibility criteria, participants, and interventions: </strong>Randomized and non-randomized controlled trials with interventions involving physical exercise programs and assessment of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in children and adolescents with overweight and/or obesity were considered for synthesis.</p><p><strong>Study appraisal and synthesis methods: </strong>The quality of studies was assessed using the PEDro scale for studies with randomized clinical trials. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random model in the Review Manager Software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventeen studies were selected that involved 1,125 children and adolescents. The risk of bias score was considered moderate (five to eight points out of 11). The high-intensity interval training (HIIT) showed the largest effect, indicating a greater impact on BP reduction, while moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) also had a significant effect, although with greater heterogeneity. No significant effects were found for the other types of exercise. For SBP, a summary effect of -0.44 (95% CI=-0.68; -0.20; I² = 73%) was observed. For DBP, the metanalysis indicated - 0.52 (95% CI=-0.73; -0.31; I² = 63%).</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>There was a publication time limitation of ten years, and the search was restricted to articles published in journals indexed in databases, and there was also significant heterogeneity for the intervention subgroups, which can be explained by the moderate methodological quality of the studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and implications of key findings: </strong>Considering the significant effects of exercise interventions on blood pressure, we suggest the development of more interventions based on physical exercise practice for overweight and obese children and adolescents, which may also add environmental elements, lasting at least 12 weeks, with three 60-minute sessions per week, better control of exercise intensity, as HIIT and MICT were more effective in promoting a reduction in blood pressure when compared to other types of exercise. The implementation of these programs must be carried out in a multicomponent and multiprofessional approach to guarantee the adherence of participants and promote significant and sustainable changes in the cardiovascular health of children and adolescents.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration number: </strong>PROSPERO no CRD42023469222.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"252"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11951679/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}