BMC Pediatrics最新文献

{"title":"Barriers to the implementation of the Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program in neonatal intensive care units and the proposed solutions to improve its implementation: a scoping review.","authors":"Marziyeh Avazeh, Shahla Shahbazi, Leili Borimnejad, Nasib Babaei, Mahnaz Jabraeili","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05864-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-025-05864-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program (NIDCAP) is one of the frameworks for providing developmental care that is associated with improving the short- and long- term developmental outcomes of infants. It is important to implement this care program in the best way possible to benefit from its positive outcomes. The present study aimed to summarize and report the results of various studies conducted on the barriers to the implementation of the NIDCAP in the neonatal intensive care unit and the proposed solutions to improve its implementation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this scoping review, published texts in English from 2007 to 2023 were identified using CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, ProQuest, Science Direct, Springer, Web of Science and Google Scholar search engine (for gray literature). Studies were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and the findings were summarized in an inductive manner.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 15 studies in our review. The results of extracting the findings of the articles included the barriers to the implementation of NIDCAP care in neonatal intensive care units, e.g., organizational and managerial barriers, barriers related to professionals, barriers related to parents, barriers related to infants, and barriers related to the department and equipment. The development of a coherent training program for NIDCAP team members, promotion of parents' participation, development of research in the field of NIDCAP care, promotion of organizational support, optimization of NIDCAP implementation infrastructures and establishment of a developmental care team were identified as the most important proposed solutions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on the findings, the implementation of NIDCAP care in the neonatal intensive care units faces many barriers in different areas. Managers and planners of the NIDCAP program can plan for the development of this approach in the health care system and improve its implementation to eliminate the identified barriers and benefit from the evidence-based solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"498"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12220400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144538749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paxlovid for the treatment of severe or critical COVID-19 in children.","authors":"Linjuan Xiang, Qun Wang, Yanwen Xu, Yu Tong, Yuhang Wu, Xiaoshan Zhang, Xinxin Zeng, Sheng Ye, Chenmei Zhang, Linhua Tan, Lvchang Zhu, Jing Miao, Sun Chen, Xi Zhang, Xuben Yu, Lisu Huang","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05807-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-025-05807-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Paxlovid, known for its efficacy against SARS-CoV-2, is currently limited in its use for treating pediatric COVID-19, particularly in severe or critical cases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a study within a single-center, prospective cohort of 450 children diagnosed with COVID-19 between December 2022 and May 2023. This study included 30 pediatric patients who received Paxlovid and 60 matched controls who did not, based on factors such as age, disease severity, and underlying health conditions. Safety was assessed through the incidence of adverse events, and laboratory parameters. The time to clinical symptom improvement was the main efficacy outcome. Moreover, we calculated the AUC_{0 - 12 h} of Nirmatrelvir of the Paxlovid patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Adverse events occurred in 16.7% of both groups, with no serious events reported. The Paxlovid group showed a significantly shorter time to viral clearance, fever resolution, and symptom recovery compared to controls (4.9 vs. 11.0 days, P = 0.01; 11.2 vs. 16.4 days, P = 0.01; 4.6 vs. 17.6 days, P < 0.01). This effect was most noticeable in children with underlying conditions or those treated early. No significant differences were observed in ICU transfers or mortality (P > 0.05). The AUC₀-₁₂_h of Nirmatrelvir did not significantly alter treatment outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that Paxlovid may be a safe and effective option for treating severe or critical COVID-19 in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"493"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12220247/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144538765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of heart rates and respiratory rates with lifestyle and environmental factors in toddlers: a nationwide cohort study.","authors":"Keita Kanamori, Tomohisa Suzuki, Chiharu Ota","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05867-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-025-05867-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) are key vital signs, yet few large studies have reported their normal values in toddlers. We thus assessed HR and RR in two-year-old Japanese children. Given that body size may influence vital signs, we first assessed the correlations of height and weight with HR and RR. We also examined associations of HR and RR with physical activity levels and residential region, as these factors have been linked to vital signs in adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study included children from the Japan Environment and Children's Study. We measured their HR, RR, height, and weight at two years of age, and assessed their outdoor playtime from one to two years of age using a questionnaire. Participants without HR or RR data were excluded from the analysis. Descriptive statistics for HR and RR at two years of age were summarized. In addition, the correlation coefficient between the participants' height or weight and HR or RR were calculated. We investigated the association between the region or outdoor playtime and HR or RR using a one-way analysis of variance and multiple regression analyses. The covariates included medical history, mother's gestational hypertension, parents' height and weight, parents' smoking status, and parents' educational background.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 4,805 participants were included in the HR analysis, and 4,806 in the RR analysis. The mean HR and RR of were 109.2 ± 14.7 beats/min and 29.9 ± 6.1 breaths/min (mean ± standard deviation), respectively. No correlation was found between height or weight and HR or RR. The mean HR of participants who almost never spent time playing outdoors was 111.7 beats/min, whereas that of participants who spent ≥ 3 h/d playing outdoors was 108.2 beats/min (p = 0.038). The mean HR in Eastern Japan was 106.8 /min, whereas that in Western Japan was 112.7 beats/min (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We assessed the normal HR and RR in Japanese children aged two years, and these normal ranges did not correlate with height and weight. A longer duration of outdoor playtime was associated with a lower HR.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"510"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12217802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144552228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intervention effect of a single exercise session on executive function in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a three-level meta-analysis.","authors":"Lei Zhao, Hansheng Lu, Qihui Yang, Dongwei Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05846-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-025-05846-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to systematically evaluate the effects of a single exercise session on executive function in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using a three-level meta-analysis approach.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Relevant studies were retrieved from six databases including CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), Wanfang, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library with the searches conducted up to 6 March 2025. This study employed the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 (RoB 2.0) tool to assess the risk of bias and utilized GRADEpro to evaluate the evidence quality. The metafor package in R 4.3.0 was utilized for an effect size synthesis, heterogeneity testing, an influence analysis, and a publication bias assessment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 12 studies were included. Low-quality evidence suggests that a single exercise session can improve executive function in children and adolescents with ADHD (g = 0.17, 95% CI [0.05, 0.29], P = 0.007). Exercise type, duration, intensity, age, control group conditions, and study design were not considered moderating factors (all P > 0.05). No publication bias was detected (P > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A single exercise session may serve as a feasible and accessible intervention to support executive function in children and adolescents with ADHD. These findings offer preliminary support for incorporating physical activity into nonpharmacological treatment strategies. However, given the currently limited evidence quality, further high-quality, large-scale randomized controlled trials are necessary to confirm these effects and inform clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"519"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12220223/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144552247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autism spectrum disorders and childhood caries: a comprehensive Mendelian randomization study.","authors":"Qiufang Jin, Zexiu He, Dongfang Xu, Ruihua Lin, Tongtong Zhang, Bingjian Lv, Yuliang Zhao","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05839-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-025-05839-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the causal relationships between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) (excluding ASD and Asperger's syndrome [AS]) and childhood caries (primary teeth and permanent teeth).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis by utilizing summary-level data of ASD and PDD (excluding ASD and AS) as exposures, and childhood caries (primary teeth and permanent teeth) as outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that PDD (excluding ASD and AS) to be causally associated with caries in permanent teeth according to the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) (odds ratio [OR]: 1.151, 95%CI: 1.043-1.270, P = 0.005) and weighted median (OR: 1.159, 95%CI: 1.029-1.306, P = 0.015). However, according to the IVW (OR: 0.923, 95%CI: 0.873-1.003, P = 0.051), ASD might be causally associated with caries in permanent teeth. The results also showed no causal association between ASD or PDD (excluding ASD and AS) and caries in primary teeth.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study showed PDD (excluding ASD and AS) to have pathogenic effects on childhood caries of permanent teeth among a population of European ancestry. However, ASD was shown to have protective effects on childhood caries of permanent teeth.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"484"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12220140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144538738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical characteristics and risk factors for recurrence of Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease in children: a case-control study.","authors":"Bing Liu, Yi Sun, Wen-Yuan Shi, Bing Hu, Ling-Yun Guo, Tian-Ming Chen, Xiao-Ming Ge, Yun-Yan Wu, Gang Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05831-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-025-05831-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study was performed to summarize the clinical and laboratory features of children with Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD). The risk factors of KFD recurrence were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective case-control study was conducted on children who underwent lymph node biopsy in the department of infectious diseases of Beijing Children's Hospital from April 2018 to April 2022. The clinical manifestations and treatment of children with KFD were summarized, and the clinical characteristics of children with KFD and the control group were compared. The clinical characteristics of FANA (fluorescent antinuclear antibody) positive group and FANA negative group in children with KFD were compared. The children with KFD were divided into recurrence group and non-recurrence group, and the risk factors for recurrence of KFD were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 359 children with lymph node biopsy were included in the study, including 239 children with KFD. The ratio of male to female was 1.85:1 and the average age was (9.78 ± 2.91) years. Two hundred and thirty-five (98.3%) KFD children had fever and two hundred and thirty-six cases (98.7%) of KFD children had cervical lymph node enlargement. A total of 208 (87.0%) KFD children had a decrease in white blood cell count during the course of the disease. The proportions of lymph node enlargement with tenderness, oral ulcer and leucopenia in the KFD group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The proportion of multiple lymph node involvement in the KFD group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Among the 239 cases, 51 cases (21.3%) were treated with corticosteroid and 10 received intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. Among the 239 patients with KFD, 30 (12.6%) had recurrence and 12 of them had recurrence within 3 months after discharge. In univariate analysis, recurrence was associated with positive antinuclear antibody and corticosteroid therapy (P < 0.05).No risk factor for recurrence was identified in multivariable analysis (P > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>KFD in children is more common in males and mostly occurs at school age. KFD in children is characterized by tenderness in the lymph node and leukopenia with less multiple lymph node involvement. All patients should be monitored for recurrence.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"485"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12219236/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144538752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between vitamin A, D, E, and K levels in children with allergic rhinitis: a propensity-matched analysis.","authors":"Huanjun Luo, Xiaowei Wang, Haibo Kong, Jing Wang, Qin Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05855-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-025-05855-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The effect of vitamins on children with allergic rhinitis (AR) has been controversial. The correlation between the serum levels of vitamins A, D, E, and K and AR in children needs to be explored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two hundred and eight children with AR (experimental group) and 239 healthy children (control group) were randomly selected from the Pediatric Clinic of Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital between January 2021 and October 2023. Blood samples were drawn to measure the levels of vitamins A, D, E, and K. Five baseline parameters (gender, age, height, weight, and BMI) were measured in the two sets of data for the propensity score and were matched in a 1:1 ratio to obtain 180 groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The serum vitamin A [Md (IQR):359.50 (295.06,415.26)ng/mL] content of children in the AR group was generally lower than that in the control group, and the serum vitamin K [Md (IQR):0.75 (0.4,1.19)ng/mL] content was generally higher than that in the control group. The differences between the two groups with respect to the levels of vitamins A and K were statistically significant (P < 0.05). In contrast, the differences in the levels of vitamins D and E between the two groups were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The levels of vitamins A, D, E, and K in both groups were within normal ranges.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The vitamin A content in children with AR was lower than that in the control group, whereas the vitamin K content was higher. The correlation between the levels of vitamins D and E and AR in children needs further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"491"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12219973/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144538755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individualizing pediatric boarding care: child perspectives.","authors":"Emily D Irwin, Briana P Keller, Andrea Hughie, Patti Runyan, Jessika C Boles","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05748-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-025-05748-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hundreds of thousands of pediatric patients receive inpatient behavioral health care each year, and many of these experience boarding stays in general inpatient units while they await transfer to a psychiatric facility. Boarding stays are often characterized by low quality of care, including a lack of individualized care planning. The authors present an evaluation of an individualized care planning tool, the My Health Passport, reported by pediatric patients to understand the perceptions and feasibility of implementation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 100 pediatric patients ages 8-17 who were admitted for behavioral health concerns and experienced boarding participated. Following completion of the My Health Passport tool, participants completed a questionnaire regarding their helpfulness, satisfaction, and suggestions for improving the tool. A prospective cohort design was used. Quantitative data were analyzed via descriptive statistics utilizing SPSS, and an inductive coding process was used to evaluate short-answer responses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data suggest pediatric patients were largely satisfied with the tool, with a mean satisfaction rating of 7.72 out of 10. Patients find it improves their stay through increasing comfort with staff and emphasizing the use of coping skills with tailored questions. The possibility of creating multiple forms of the tool, with varying levels of complexity, was raised. Participants also envisioned My Health Passport to be a useful tool in settings such as their homes, schools, community organizations, and other facilities in which they may receive inpatient psychiatric care.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, this tool is received well and perceived as helpful by pediatric patients. Future research could evaluate the use of an individualized behavioral health planning tool in outpatient settings and with longitudinal cohorts.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"499"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12217199/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144538762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender differences in drug-induced precocious puberty: a real-world analysis of adverse event reports from the FDA FAERS database (2004-2024).","authors":"Bangguo Song, Peihao Zhang, Shupeng Chen, Yang Zhang, Jihong Hu","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05837-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-025-05837-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Precocious puberty (PP) is the early onset of secondary sexual characteristics before the typical age of puberty, which can be caused by hormonal imbalances or external factors, such as medications. Drug-induced precocious puberty (DIPP) has become a growing concern, particularly in pediatric populations. However, the impact of gender differences on DIPP risk and the challenges in drug safety assessments have not been fully explored.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate gender-specific differences in the occurrence of drug-induced precocious puberty (DIPP) and identify potential risk signals related to medication use, utilizing data from the U.S. FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the FAERS database (2004-2024) were used to identify adverse event reports related to drug-induced precocious puberty. Disproportionality analysis (DPA) was applied to detect potential signals of DIPP. The analysis considered demographic variables, including drug, age, gender, weight, indications, and reporting country. Only the most recent report for each unique \"caseid\" was retained.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 529 reports of DIPP were identified, with a significant increase in reports from 2004 to 2024. The number of reports rose from 9 in 2004 to 53 in 2024, with an average of 40 reports per year from 2018 to 2024. The most frequently implicated drugs were testosterone (N = 88), somatropin (N = 52), and methylphenidate (N = 49). Drugs with the highest Reporting Odds Ratios (RORs) included mitotane (ROR = 220.35), mecasermin (ROR = 145.42), and clomifene (ROR = 141.35). Gender differences were observed, with 56.9% of reports from females and 36.3% from males. The majority of reports came from developed countries, with the U.S. contributing 50.47% of cases. The median time to adverse event occurrence was 238 days, with males showing a median induction time of 192.5 days and females at 242 days, though no statistically significant difference in induction time between males and females was found (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Drug-induced precocious puberty presents a significant clinical concern, particularly in pediatric populations. Gender-specific differences in drugs associated with precocious puberty highlight the need for personalized drug safety assessments. Key drugs associated with DIPP, but not listed as risk factors in labeling, underscore the importance of long-term monitoring. Further research is necessary to explore the mechanisms behind gender differences and enhance drug safety strategies, particularly for children and adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"515"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12219957/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144552235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of long-term exercise on motor skills in children with ADHD: a three-level meta-analysis.","authors":"Chengguo Wang, Yang You, Jilan Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s12887-025-05857-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12887-025-05857-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to systematically evaluate the intervention effects of long-term exercise on motor skills in children with ADHD (Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder) using a three-level meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A computer-based search was conducted in four databases: Embase, The Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Web of Science, for randomized controlled trials related to the effects of long-term exercise on motor skills in children with ADHD, with search dates ranging from database inception to December 3, 2024. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using the Rob 2.0 tool. Effect sizes were synthesized, and influence analysis, moderator analysis, and publication bias assessment were conducted using the metafor package in R software. Evidence quality was evaluated using GRADEpro.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 9 studies were included. The intervention effect of long-term exercise on motor skills in children with ADHD was statistically significant (g = 0.72, 95% CI = (0.31, 1.14), P = 0.001), with a moderate level of evidence. Diagnosis method, exercise type, duration, frequency, and motor skill type were not found to be moderating factors (P > 0.05 for all).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Long-term exercise can enhance motor skills in children with ADHD; however, this finding should be interpreted with caution. Further validation through large-scale randomized controlled trial is required in future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":9144,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"497"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12219924/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144538784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}