Brazilian Journal of Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"The COVID-19 pandemic influenced the temporal dynamics of antimicrobial resistance markers and bacterial community across urban wastewater treatment plants.","authors":"Celso G B Filho, Francisca A S Oliveira, Victor L M Rodrigues, Denise C Hissa, Maisa V H Barros, Allysson A de Farias, Gabriel T Dantas, André B Dos Santos, Julio C M Ximenes, Vânia M M Melo","doi":"10.1007/s42770-026-02069-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42770-026-02069-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urban wastewater systems represent important interfaces between human activity and the environmental occurrence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) markers. We assessed the temporal dynamics of intI1, ermB, and the 16 S rRNA gene by quantitative PCR across three wastewater systems (EPC, CJC, and JW) in Fortaleza, Brazil, from November 2021 to November 2023. Bacterial communities were additionally characterized by 16 S rRNA gene metabarcoding in 18 samples collected in December 2021 and January 2022. A synchronized decline in 16 S rRNA gene and intI1 concentrations beginning in late 2022 was observed across all three wastewater systems, suggesting a shift toward lower microbial abundance. The ermB gene showed higher and more variable concentrations during part of the pandemic period, followed by convergence toward lower levels; however, the absence of antimicrobial-consumption data precluded attribution of this pattern to changes in macrolide selective pressure. Normalized antimicrobial resistance marker abundances were comparatively stable at EPC and JW but more variable at CJC. EPC exhibited the highest ASV richness, whereas CJC and JW showed greater diversity according to Shannon and inverse Simpson indices. Beta-diversity analyses identified wastewater system as the principal factor associated with bacterial community structure, while the effect of sampling period was smaller and metric-dependent. Neither ermB nor intI1 was individually associated with community composition, although intI1 showed a limited effect after adjustment for wastewater system in one model. Physicochemical parameters were not significantly associated with normalized marker abundances in the exploratory paired analysis. Arcobacter, Acinetobacter, and other potentially relevant genera were detected, but no direct associations between these taxa and the monitored AMR markers could be established. These findings highlight the value of integrating longitudinal qPCR, microbiome profiling, and environmental characterization to improve the interpretation of targeted AMR markers in One Health wastewater surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":9090,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13530101/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148863439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant properties of bioactive metabolites produced by lactic acid bacteria isolated from tropical fruits.","authors":"Giselle Santos Silva, Kayque Ordonho Carneiro, Emília Maria França Lima, Svetoslav Dimitrov Todorov","doi":"10.1007/s42770-026-02063-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42770-026-02063-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been widely used in the production of fermented foods since the early stages of civilization, playing a key role in the development of sensory characteristics and in food preservation. In recent years, scientific interest in these microorganisms has increased due to their potential health benefits, including their contribution to the balance of intestinal microbiota and the strengthening of the immune system. Moreover, the exploration of the potential of these microorganisms and their metabolites as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents in the food industry remains limited, particularly when they are isolated from tropical fruits. The present study aimed to identify and characterize LAB isolated from Brazilian fruits. The isolated strains were evaluated for safety through analyses of hemolytic activity, production of biogenic amines, mucin degradation, antibiotic susceptibility or resistance, and enzyme production. Genetic analyses were also performed to investigate the presence of virulence genes. Strains considered safe were further subjected to stability and survival assays under simulated conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and oral cavity, as well as to evaluations of cell surface hydrophobicity and extraction of exopolysaccharides (EPS), in order to identify compounds associated with antioxidant activity. A total of thirteen LAB isolates were obtained from tropical fruits, all of which demonstrated potential for application as natural antioxidants. These findings contribute to the selection of putative probiotic strains isolated from fruits of the Brazilian biome, such as blackberry, cashew, cherry of Rio Grande (cereja-do-Rio-Grande), guava, red lemon, and pitanga, with promising prospects for safe use related to their antioxidant properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":9090,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13507007/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148817514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and characterization of Shouchella clausii MJ1G0B, a novel halotolerant bacterium from Madura salt ponds: a putative Valenciaxanthin-like xanthophyll with antioxidant and antibacterial activities.","authors":"Mukhammad Asy'ari, Safiatur Rohmah, Debby Pingkan Sari, Ita Redyaningsih, Sysca Amelia Fajrin, Nies Suci Mulyani, Purbowatiningrum Ria Sarjono, Bambang Cahyono","doi":"10.1007/s42770-026-02050-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42770-026-02050-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Shouchella clausii MJ1G0B (GenBank: MW308498.1), a halotolerant bacterium isolated from Madura salt ponds, East Java, Indonesia, was characterized through integrated phenotypic, molecular, pigment, spectroscopic, and bioactivity analyses. The Gram-positive isolate grew at 0-15% NaCl (optimum 0% NaCl), with distinct temporal windows for carotenoid accumulation (84 h) and antibacterial secondary metabolite production (120 h). 16S rRNA sequencing (1,418 bp) confirmed 99.42% identity with S. clausii and 99.27% with S. rhizosphaerae. The dominant yellow-orange xanthophyll (Spot 3; Rf 0.98), purified by preparative two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography (TLC), showed UV-Vis absorption in the UV region (λmax 210, 245, and 325 nm) deviating from the expected visible-range absorption (400-550 nm) of xanthophyll carotenoids, possibly due to a cis-configured or structurally disrupted polyene system. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed O-H, aliphatic C-H, and C = C groups; liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) detected [M + H]⁺ at m/z 413 (C₂₈H₄₄O₂, MW 412 g/mol), supporting identification as a Valenciaxanthin-like xanthophyll. Antioxidant activity improved after purification (IC₅₀ 999 ppm) relative to crude extracts (1,101-1,557 ppm). The secondary metabolite extract exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (IC₅₀ 0.689 mg/mL) and Escherichia coli (IC₅₀ 0.789 mg/mL). To our knowledge, this is the first report of a Valenciaxanthin-like pigment from a bacterial source in an Indonesian hypersaline ecosystem.</p>","PeriodicalId":9090,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13507016/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148817583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing probiotic properties of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ABO1 strain isolated from toddy palm nectar.","authors":"Archana Anthappagudem, Saddam Hussain Mohammad, Priyadarshini Boda, Anjana Devi Tangutur, Bhima Bhukya","doi":"10.1007/s42770-026-02060-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42770-026-02060-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular diseases are strongly associated with high cholesterol levels, which also cause hypertension and diabetes. It is important to have optimal cholesterol levels for general well-being. This research is intended to screen, isolate, and identify probiotic yeast strains with cholesterol-reducing ability from toddy palm nectar. Out of 63 isolates, five strains ABO1, ABO11, ABO13, ABO20, and ABO21 had probiotic characteristics. Among the five isolates, ABO1 showed the highest probiotic traits and was characterized as Saccharomyces cerevisiae ABO1 by molecular-level characterization. Cholesterol reduction ability was determined using spectrophotometry and HPLC, and it was found that ABO1 recorded an 86.90% reduction, which is similar to the 86.74% reduction of the reference Saccharomyces boulardii strain. The other isolates had reduction levels of 65.23% (ABO11), 58.46% (ABO13), 14.09% (ABO20), and 12.79% (ABO21). The GC-MS analysis of 48-h cell-free culture medium revealed the presence of organic acids and bioactive metabolites with therapeutic values. Overall, the present work emphasizes the probiotic value of toddy palm nectar yeast strains with cholesterol-reducing activity, which opens the doors for possible human probiotic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":9090,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13507004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148817526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A wide array of extreme halophilic enzymes derived from solar salterns of Bejaia in the north of Algeria: a focus on amylases from Haloarcula sp. strain ICHS1, Natrinema altunense strain MS1 and Haloferax gibbonsii strain MS2.","authors":"Aya Boudjelal, Hamid Nouri, Mohammed Benhoula, Naima Fadloun Oukil","doi":"10.1007/s42770-026-02053-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42770-026-02053-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The biodiversity of extreme halophilic enzymes produced in three different solar salterns in the Bejaia region of northern Algeria was investigated, with a focus on the characterization of amylases. Generally, 10¹-10³ CFU/g (ml) of extreme halophiles have been detected. 126 extreme halophilic microorganisms have been isolated. The isolates were found to produce several enzymes: amylase, esterase, gelatinase, laccase, lipase, caseinase, and cellulase. Four amylase-producing strains were identified as Haloarcula sp. strain ICHS1, Natrinema altunense strain MS1, Haloferax gibbonsii strain MS2, and Haloferax sp. strain MS3. Three different extracellular amylases were produced and characterized. Notably, amylase production was induced by the presence of starch. The MS2 enzyme requires 10% of NaCl for optimal activity, MS1 and ICHS1 amylases require 15% and 25% of NaCl, respectively. All three enzymes were characterized as thermophilic amylases that exhibited optimal activity at elevated temperatures (50-55 °C), and as acidophilic enzymes (optimal pH between 4 and 5). MS2 amylase was stimulated by the presence of Ca²⁺, Cu²⁺, Mn²⁺, and Zn²⁺; while, Fe²⁺ and Mg²⁺ had a negative impact. ICHS1 amylase was stimulated by Ca²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Fe²⁺, however Zn²⁺, Mg²⁺, and Mn²⁺ had inhibitory effects. In contrast, all tested ions decreased the activity of MS1 amylase. All amylases showed excellent resistance to organic solvents. This combination of properties suggests potential applications for these enzymes in biotechnology, particularly in extreme environments, as well as in fundamental research into the adaptations of halophilic enzymes and to elucidate differences between salt-dependent and salt-independent halophilic enzymes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9090,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13507026/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148817541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic insights from a long-read assembly of a deep-sea Chromohalobacter israelensis strain from Santos Basin pockmarks field.","authors":"Ian Ariel Barbosa Nunes, Adan Rodrigues de Oliveira, Adonney Allan de Oliveira Veras, Artur Silva, Elielson Cabral Costa, Flúvio Modolon, Francielli Vilela Peres, Michel Michaelovitch de Mahiques, Rafael Azevedo Baraúna, Sávio de Souza Costa, Diego Assis das Graças, Vivian Helena Pellizari","doi":"10.1007/s42770-026-02057-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-026-02057-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Continental slopes, particularly the pockmark and salt diapir regions of the Santos Basin, represent extreme environments characterized by high hydrostatic pressure, low temperatures, elevated salinity, and limited organic matter, fostering unique bacterial communities. This study aimed to elucidate the metabolic strategies enabling survival in these conditions by exploring the genome of a Chromohalobacter israelensis strain isolated from such sediments, utilizing long-read sequencing. The genome, assembled into a single 3.8 Mb contig with 98.9% completeness, confirmed the strain's taxonomic identity. Analysis revealed genes for metabolizing diverse carbohydrate sources, a complete ectoine synthesis cluster essential for halophily, and genes conferring tolerance to osmotic stress, low temperatures, and pH, underscoring its polyextremophilic capacity. Pangenome analysis identified a substantial core genome with essential metabolic functions, including a species-exclusive sulfur metabolism reaction. These findings highlight the strain's biotechnological potential and contribute to understanding the genus's adaptation to diverse hypersaline habitats and the strain's potential role in the sampled environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9090,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13490336/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148787977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated multi-omics strategy for screening novel protective antigens against Brucella melitensis and analysis of their immunogenicity.","authors":"Zhiheng Dong, Sha Li, Jiarong Guo, Lidao Bao","doi":"10.1007/s42770-026-02049-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42770-026-02049-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Brucellosis is one of the most severe Class B infectious diseases prevalent in the agricultural and pastoral areas of northern China. Current attenuated live vaccines (e.g., M5, S19) have defects such as residual virulence, causing abortion in pregnant animals, and the inability to differentiate between natural infection and vaccination (DIVA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Relying on the ABSL-3 laboratory of the Inner Mongolia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, this study established a chronic infection model in C57BL/6J mice using the virulent strain Brucella melitensis M16. Single-cell transcriptome sequencing (10x Genomics) was employed to map the heterogeneity of splenic immune cells. Whole-genome scanning and pangenomic analysis were performed on four strains with different virulence levels (M16, 544 A, M5, 104 M) using second-generation sequencing. Membrane/secreted proteins unique and conserved in virulent strains were screened as candidate antigens, prepared via prokaryotic expression systems, and their humoral and cellular immune levels were detected by indirect ELISA and flow cytometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A stable chronic infection model was successfully constructed (bacterial load Log10 CFU > 4.5). Single-cell sequencing yielded 45,231 cells, annotated into 12 immune cell subpopulations, revealing significant expansion of Effector CD4 + T cells (P < 0.01) and high expression of the Ifng gene. Pangenomic analysis identified three candidate antigens (BMEI0021, BMEI1943, BMEI0367) that are 100% conserved in virulent strains but absent in the vaccine strain M5. Immunogenicity assays showed that BMEI1943 induced high levels of IgG2a subtype antibodies (titer Log2 13.45 ± 0.52) and IFN-γ + CD4 + T cell responses (frequency 15.80% ± 2.10%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Through multi-omics integration analysis, this study successfully identified a novel candidate antigen, BMEI1943, with strong Th1-type immunogenicity, providing an experimental basis for the development of safe and efficient subunit vaccines against brucellosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9090,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13490020/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148787941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial oil production by Yarrowia lipolytica strains using glycerol as carbon source.","authors":"Elisa Duarte Guerra Coelho, Fernanda Palladino, Elisa A A Teixeira, Fernanda L C Oliveira, Vânya M D Pasa, Luiz H Rosa, Carlos A Rosa","doi":"10.1007/s42770-026-02054-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-026-02054-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Yeasts can produce microbial oil from hydrophobic substrates such as glycerol, a byproduct of the biodiesel industry that is often undervalued in the market. Yarrowia lipolytica is capable of degrading glycerol and is considered a model organism for studying lipid accumulation. Different yeast strains and culture conditions can result in varying lipid yields with distinct fatty acid profiles. Thus, in this study, five strains of Y. lipolytica were tested for microbial oil production using pure glycerol at temperatures of 15 °C and 25 °C. None of the isolates were considered oleaginous at 15 °C. However, at 25 °C, the isolates UFMG-CM-Y6114 (from cheese), UFMG-CM-Y4187 (from beach sand), and UFMG-CM-Y6189 (from Antarctica) produced more than 20% lipid content (29.30%, 26.95%, and 34.38%, respectively). No significant differences in lipid content were observed between the UFMG-CM-Y6114 and UFMG-CM-Y4187 strains. The cheese- and Antarctica-derived strains were further tested for their ability to accumulate oil when grown on crude glycerol. Among them, UFMG-CM-Y6189 showed the best performance, producing 9.40 g·L⁻¹ of biomass, 1.90 g·L⁻¹ of lipid yield, and 21.56% lipid content, while consuming 61.3 g·L⁻¹ of glycerol. The fatty acid profile of these lipids was predominantly monounsaturated (59.5%), with oleic acid (49.4%) as the main component. This, combined with a low polyunsaturated fatty acid content (5.2%), makes these lipids particularly suitable for biodiesel production. Therefore, the lipids from the Y. lipolytica strain UFMG-CM-Y6189 represent a promising raw material for biodiesel production from glycerol.</p>","PeriodicalId":9090,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13486411/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148787989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and phylogenetic analyses of Gonatobotryum (Dothideaceae, Dothideales), and the description of a new species from a mangrove sediment in Brazil.","authors":"Karen B E Carmo, Thiago G Carvalho, Camila S Oliveira, Esmael A Vital, Gabriel G Barreto, Luis F P Gusmão, Melissa F Landell, Pedro H Félix-Oliveira, Cristina M Souza-Motta, Layanne O Ferro, Jadson D P Bezerra","doi":"10.1007/s42770-026-02052-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-026-02052-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gonatobotryum is an anamorphic fungus reported mainly as a saprophyte, parasite, or endophyte. The genus has traditionally been identified based on morphological features, with its phylogenetic placement remaining uncertain due to the lack of molecular data. During the analysis of fungi obtained from mangrove sediments in Brazil, nine isolates were morphologically identified as Gonatobotryum and subsequently analysed using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, including the intervening 5.8S nRNA gene and the nuclear ribosomal RNA large subunit (LSU) gene, leading to the description of a new species, Gonatobotryum mangrovei. Additionally, the type material of Gonatobotryum bahiense was re-evaluated regarding its phylogenetic placement. Here, we propose a new combination, Ophiostoma bahiense, to place this species within the genus. Our results clarify the phylogenetic position of Gonatobotryum and expand the current understanding of fungi in mangrove environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":9090,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13486461/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148788041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"development and in vitro characterization of a Trichoderma-based biopesticide for the management of Fusarium solani in tomato.","authors":"Thulfiqear A Jabbar, Aqeel N Al-Abedy, AbdulZahra J Ali","doi":"10.1007/s42770-026-02062-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-026-02062-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>| The aim of this research was to create a sustainable biopesticide based on Trichoderma intended for use against the pathogen Fusarium solani in tomato. Individual and collective antagonistic potential of six Trichoderma spp. isolates was assessed through in vitro dual culture assays. Individual isolates showed inhibitory rates of 68.2% to 87.4%, while the highest increase in suppressive efficacy to 94.5% was obtained with a synergistic consortium of all six isolates. Based on simple effects analysis, the ideal range for maximum physiological vigor was a 32-45% increase in growth at temperatures of 25-30°C, pH 6, and salinity of 5 dS m⁻¹. Additionally, the presence of 0.75 g L⁻¹ of chelated Fe, Mn, and Zn supplemented to the growth medium increased radial growth and biomass by 28% and 36%, respectively. For the purpose of large-scale production, Ziziphus spina-christi leaf powder was the best substrate, producing the highest propagule density of [Formula: see text] CFU mL⁻¹, which exceeded the productivity of conventional media by 22-40%. A composite formulation of a carrier blend (vermiculite, ground palm fronds, sand, and clay) showed satisfactory biological stability and [Formula: see text] CFU mL⁻¹ biological activity for 360 days of storage at refrigeration temperatures, with more than 75% of its viability maintained. Furthermore, time-series regression analysis confirmed that the temporal loss of fungal viability followed a highly predictable model ([Formula: see text]), while carrier-specific regression modeling demonstrated that the optimized 'mixture' carrier significantly decelerated the decline kinetics compared to the non-formulated control. The results show that the formulated consortium offers an innovative, stable, high quality, and environmentally friendly substitute to chemical fungicides for use in Integrated Disease Management (IDM) programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9090,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13486428/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148787765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}