Brazilian Journal of Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Immobilization of crude cellulase from Aspergillus foetidus on agar xerogel and its application for carrot juice extraction.","authors":"Bhaskar Jyoti Kalita, Nandan Sit","doi":"10.1007/s42770-025-01770-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-025-01770-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the immobilization of crude cellulase from Aspergillus foetidus, produced through solid-state fermentation by different methods, including entrapment in agar cube, adsorption on agar xerogel, and adsorption on agar xerogel pretreated with glutaraldehyde. The immobilization efficiency achieved was 90.80%, 84.08%, and 84.23%, while enzyme activity obtained was 1.12 IU/g, 1.52 IU/g, and 1.48 IU/g for crude cellulase immobilized by entrapment in agar cube, adsorption on agar xerogel, and adsorption on agar xerogel pretreated with glutaraldehyde respectively. The immobilized crude cellulase was characterized, revealing an optimal temperature shift from 50 °C to 60 °C for agar xerogel-adsorbed crude cellulase, which improved its thermal stability. The pH optimum for free and all immobilized crude cellulase was observed at pH 4. Also, all immobilized crude cellulases retained significant activity even after multiple cycles, depicting their reusability. The enzyme kinetics observed were K_m of 11.71 mg/mL, 57.0 mg/mL, 14.86 mg/mL, 62.32 mg/mL, while V_max was 4.20 µmol/mL/min, 6.58 µmol/mL/min, 3.25 µmol/mL/min, and 5.78 µmol/mL/min for free crude cellulase, crude cellulase immobilized by entrapment in agar cube, crude cellulase adsorbed on agar xerogel, and crude cellulase adsorbed on agar xerogel pretreated with glutaraldehyde respectively. The free and immobilized crude cellulases were applied for carrot juice extraction which showed increased juice yield, clarity, and reducing sugar content while reduced viscosity compared to untreated samples. These findings highlight agar xerogel as an encouraging support for cellulase immobilization, presenting a sustainable and economical method for enzyme reuse in food processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":9090,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144942393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced production of sabinene by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae from corn hydrolysates.","authors":"Lijuan Liu, Laibo Song, Chang Qi, Xiaohe Cao, Shiyong Huang, Ge Zhang, Guoqiang Chen, Xiao Men, Haibo Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s42770-025-01727-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-025-01727-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sabinene is a type of monoterpene that is widely used in flavors, fragrances and pharmaceuticals. Though sabinene biosynthesis has been investigated in a variety of microorganisms, application of sabinene is still limited due to its high production cost and lesser yielding strains. The baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is generally recognized as safe (GRAS), is a suitable cell factory for the food and beverage industries. In this study, we aimed to enhance the production of sabinene from corn hydrolysates by employing genetic engineering techniques on S. cerevisiae. Here, we engineered S. cerevisiae for the production of sabinene by overexpressing sabinene synthase (SabS) and geranyl diphosphate synthase (GPPS) via CRISPR-Cas9, which is a simple and efficient tool for targeted and marker-free genome engineering. Subsequently, the culture medium and process conditions were optimized to enhance sabinene production and achieve ~ 23.6 mg/L under flask fermentation conditions. Based on the optimized culture conditions, we further investigated the production of sabinene from corn hydrolysates, which is a major source of dietary nutrients worldwide and an inexpensive source of sugars, and a high-level production of 60.0 mg/L was achieved in shake-flask fermentation. Our results implied that corn hydrolysates was a suitable medium for sabinene production and that CRISPR-Cas9 could boost the marker-free engineered yeast strain, which was more suitable for the food and beverage industry. Altogether, our work represents the progress in the bioproduction of food-grade sabinene from an inexpensive raw material.</p>","PeriodicalId":9090,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144942414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Encapsulation of Flucytosine into nanoliposomes for enhanced antifungal activity against Candida glabrata and Candida albicans.","authors":"Haniyeh Dianati, Payam Esmailpour, Azita Dilmaghani, Ali Shayanfar, Nastaran Hashemzadeh, Behzad Baradaran, Somayeh Hallaj-Nezhadi","doi":"10.1007/s42770-025-01720-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-025-01720-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Flucytosine (FC) is currently used as an antifungal drug for the treatment of infectious diseases. However, due to the development of drug resistance, the monotherapy of FC is limited. Recently, nanoliposomes have been studied as promising approaches to overcome microbial resistance. In this study, we encapsulate FC in the nanoliposomes and investigate their physicochemical properties as well as antifungal activities against Candida glabrata and Candida albicans in-vitro. Various liposomal formulations of FC were prepared based on the modified freeze-drying of a monophase solution method. The nanoliposomes were characterized in terms of size, zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy image, encapsulation efficiency, stability, release, crystallography, and cytotoxicity. Also, the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration were determined against C. glabrata and C. albicans. The size and zeta potential of the selected nanoliposomes were 147.33 ± 23.25 nm and - 31.20 ± 9.05 mV, respectively. Encapsulation efficiency was 46.7 ± 7.5% in the selected formulation. TEM results revealed that the nanoliposomes were nano-sized and spherical. Release results indicated that the nanoliposomes had a slow-release rate of FC. The fungal eradication of nanoliposomal FC was at least two times higher than that of the free drug for C. glabrata and C. albicans. Cytotoxicity studies demonstrated no significant toxicity at effective concentrations of nanoliposomal FC. The stability of the nano-formulation was temperature-dependent, and the refrigerator showed the best condition for long-term storage. Nanoliposomal FC prepared using the modified freeze-drying of a monophase solution method seems promising and may be used to overcome the fungal resistance relative to FC.</p>","PeriodicalId":9090,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144942406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bovine and ovine deltapapillomavirus coinfection associated with equine sarcoid.","authors":"E L Pereira, G R Pereira, M L de Osório, J L A Terra, J B Gayger, J S Gularte, M Demoliner, V M A G Pereira, M Filippi, Q S de Matos, A Tessman, C W Canal, C Daudt, F C Silva, A Sita, J S Fleck, M N Weber, P R Almeida, F R Spilki, M S da Silva","doi":"10.1007/s42770-025-01759-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-025-01759-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Papillomaviruses (PV) are significant agents capable of inducing simple, multiple, and/or proliferative lesions in the dermis and epidermis of animals, known as cutaneous papillomatosis. These lesions can be benign or malignant and have been identified in various hosts, including mammals, birds, reptiles, and fish. PVs are strictly species- and tissue-specific, although some established and unusual cases of cross-infection, such as BPV in equine sarcoids, have been reported. Sarcoids are horses' most common skin tumors, which can be locally aggressive and cause significant clinical signs. It is recurrently associated with Bos taurus papillomavirus (BPV) and, more recently, Ovis aries papillomavirus (OaPV). Interestingly, OaPV2s, initially identified in sheep, have been detected in other species, such as horses, cattle, and pigs. Therefore, the present study aimed to detect and sequence PVs in an equine sarcoid through rolling circle amplification followed by high-throughput sequencing (RCA-HTS) on the Illumina MiSeq platform. Sequencing yielded 387,923 reads and 17 contigs classified as Deltapapillomavirus genus. A complete BPV1 genome, with 99% coverage, was sequenced, and partial E1 and L1 genes of OaPV2 were detected. Histopathological analysis revealed fibroblastic sarcoid, which has been associated with BPV1 and OaPVs. Our results agree with recent BPV and OaPV2 association observations in sarcoid lesions in equine and swine. This broad host range of OaPVs deserves attention, as it may indicate potential interspecies transmission that is not yet fully understood, especially in coinfections, which could influence viral dynamics, transmission patterns, and disease outcomes. Until now, only OaPV1, 3, and 4 had been detected in equine sarcoids; thus, this is the first detection of OaPV2 in an equine sarcoid. In conclusion, OaPV2 should be considered a potential etiological agent of sarcoids, particularly in association with BPV1.</p>","PeriodicalId":9090,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144942004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized conditions for broth microdilution susceptibility testing of Trichosporon spp. to clinical antifungals.","authors":"Isabela Lima Miranda, Nalu Teixeira Aguiar Peres, Rafael Wesley Bastos, Luana Rossato, Gabriela Silva Cruz, Maria Isabel Azevedo, Kássia Jéssica Galdino Silva, Débora S C M Castelo-Branco, Fabíola Lucini, Daniel Assis Santos","doi":"10.1007/s42770-025-01766-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-025-01766-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The resistance in Trichosporon species poses a significant challenge in clinical treatment, limiting the efficacy of commonly used antifungal drugs. In this context, T. asahii poses substantial risks as an opportunistic pathogen, especially in immunocompromised patients, where the effective antifungal treatment is also challenged by the absence of standardized testing methods. In this scenario, the present study evaluated and discussed the broth microdilution susceptibility testing of Trichosporon species to fluconazole and amphotericin B. A total of 33 Trichosporon spp. strains, isolated from different sources, along with reference strains, were tested. Different adaptations of the CLSI guidelines were applied to investigate optimal conditions for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination in this genus. The results revealed that fluconazole showed less variation between the tested incubation periods, with reading at 50% inhibition, while amphotericin B demonstrated more accurate results with extended incubation (48 h) and reading at 100% inhibition. Additionally, fluconazole exhibited higher MICs when isolates were incubated at 30 °C, with a range of 1-32 µg/mL, where amphotericin B showed higher MICs at 37 °C, with a range of 0.5-4 µg/mL. This work also reveals significant variability in susceptibility results, underscoring the necessity for standardized testing protocols. Based on the results, the study recommends for the optimal susceptibility testing a 48 h incubation period at 37 °C, with reading breakpoints of 50% inhibition for fluconazole and 100% inhibition for amphotericin B. Yet, this study highlights the urgent need for standardized testing methods and better understanding of antifungal resistance in Trichosporon infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":9090,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144942412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG in the treatment of canine atopic dermatitis: A randomized controlled study.","authors":"Mônica Cabral Cardoso, Tamiris Silva Lopes, Marina Cabral Lemos, Cristiane Deon Figueiredo, André Felipe Streck","doi":"10.1007/s42770-025-01767-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-025-01767-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9090,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144942395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Campylobacter fetus subspecies concentrations in commercial bovine reproductive vaccines.","authors":"Maria Eduarda Dias, Gabriela Merker Breyer, Silvia De Carli, Franciele Maboni Siqueira","doi":"10.1007/s42770-025-01768-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-025-01768-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Campylobacter fetus is an important etiological agent of reproductive infections in cattle, which can be managed through vaccination. Nevertheless, the efficacy of bovine reproductive vaccines against C. fetus remains uncertain due to the absence of standardized guidelines and variable vaccine formulations. Thus, this study aimed to quantify and compare C. fetus subsp. fetus (Cff) and C. fetus subsp. venerealis (Cfv) in six commercial reproductive vaccines current available in Brazil in 2022. We observed significant differences in the estimated number of genome copies of Cff and Cfv among the tested vaccines. Analysis of vaccine cost and antigen concentration revealed no direct correlation between price and C. fetus antigen concentration. These findings underscore the discrepancies in antigen titration among bovine reproductive vaccines and highlight the lack of informative labeling in current commercial products. Altogether, there is a pressing need for standardized guidelines for C. fetus vaccinal doses to ensure consistent bacterial loads and efficient immunization of the herds. Nevertheless, more studies regarding vaccine efficiency are required to ensure an appropriate immune response in cattle herds.</p>","PeriodicalId":9090,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144942420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of biofilm and exopolysaccharide production in Bacillus strains isolated from the bovine uterus.","authors":"Ugur Comlekcioglu, Mehmet Yigit Aydogan, Ashabil Aygan, Nazan Comlekcioglu","doi":"10.1007/s42770-025-01758-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-025-01758-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The bovine uterus hosts a diverse microbiome whose role in reproductive physiology and pathology is increasingly recognized. While Bacillus species have been occasionally isolated from the uterus, their biofilm and exopolysaccharide (EPS) forming capabilities have not been systematically characterized. In this study, four Bacillus strains (BU13, BU14, BU15, and BU16) were isolated from the bovine uteri and examined for their taxonomic affiliation, phenotypic characteristics, EPS production, biofilm formation, and antibiotic susceptibility. Phylogenetic analyses based on nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that all isolates belonged to the B. subtilis group, with BU13, BU14, and BU16 closely related to B. licheniformis, and BU15 related to B. amyloliquefaciens and B. siamensis. BU13 and BU16 demonstrated high levels of EPS and biofilm production, especially in sucrose-supplemented media and under nutrient-rich conditions. Notably, these strains also exhibited relatively smaller inhibition zones against β-lactam antibiotics, which may be associated with their robust EPS-biofilm phenotypes. In contrast, larger inhibition zones were observed with gentamicin, enrofloxacin, and trimethoprim. These findings underscore the importance of characterizing commensal Bacillus spp. in the uterus and highlight that certain strains may possess traits that facilitate persistence and reduce antimicrobial responsiveness. This is the first study to comprehensively evaluate the biofilm-forming potential of uterine Bacillus isolates and provides a foundation for future investigations into their role in reproductive health and disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":9090,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144871421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secretion of serine proteases by planktonic- and biofilm-growing cells of Candida parapsilosis.","authors":"Rafael M Gandra, Lucas Giovanini, Marta H Branquinha, André L S Santos","doi":"10.1007/s42770-025-01765-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42770-025-01765-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Candida parapsilosis is a common cause of candidiasis worldwide, with biofilm formation and secretion of aspartic proteases (Saps) as key virulence factors. Conversely, serine protease secretion by this fungus is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the secretion of serine-type proteases by planktonic- and biofilm-forming cells of C. parapsilosis cultured in brain heart infusion (BHI) medium. Cell-free supernatant from the reference strain (ATCC 22019) was screened against various serine protease substrates, revealing pronounced activity toward N-benzoyl-Phe-Val-Arg-pNa (0.74 nmol pNA.mg^- 1.min^- 1), with optimal activity at pH 9.0 and temperatures between 32 °C and 40 °C. Proteolytic activity was significantly reduced by serine protease inhibitors PMSF (32.8%), TLCK (40.2%) and benzamidine (50.7%), while inhibitors of other protease classes had no effect, confirming its serine-type specificity. Notably, serine protease activity was detected in supernatants from cells grown in BHI but absent in those cultured in albumin-supplemented yeast carbon base medium, a known inducer of Saps, suggesting culture-dependent regulation of protease expression. Serine protease activity also increased over time, rising from 0.36 pNA.mg^- 1.min^- 1 at 24-hour to 1.14 pNA.mg^- 1.min^- 1 at 72-hour. Clinical isolates of C. parapsilosis exhibited significantly higher serine protease activity than the reference strain under optimal conditions. Serine-type protease activity was also detected in the supernatant of mature biofilms, showing a correlation with metabolic activity and biomass. Infection of Galleria mellonella larvae with C. parapsilosis isolates revealed no correlation between larval mortality and serine protease production. These findings suggest that C. parapsilosis serine proteases contribute to fungal growth and biofilm development, representing potential targets for antifungal intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":9090,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144871475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial efficacy of cinnamaldehyde combined with polymyxin B against carbapenem- polymyxin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae.","authors":"Marcia Soares Mattos Vaz, Gleyce Hellen de Almeida de Souza, Joyce Alencar Dos Santos Radai, Thiago Leite Fraga, Simone Simionatto","doi":"10.1007/s42770-025-01677-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-025-01677-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global spread of multi-drug-resistant bacteria, including strains resistant to both polymyxin and carbapenems, poses a significant threat to public health, highlighting the need to develop new antimicrobial agents. This study assessed the antimicrobial potential of cinnamaldehyde, alone and in combination with antibiotics, against carbapenem-polymyxin-resistant K. pneumoniae strains (CPR-Kp). The antimicrobial activity was assessed through minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), checkerboard assay, and survival curve analysis. Cinnamaldehyde showed inhibitory effects (MIC 281 µg/mL), and when combined with polymyxin B, resulted in synergistic effects, effectively overcoming resistance to both polymyxin and carbapenem. Notably, cinnamaldehyde (70 µg/mL) combined with polymyxin B (1 µg/mL) led to a significant reduction in the MIC of polymyxin B, from 64 µg/mL to 1 µg/mL, with a fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of 0.26, indicating synergy. The ZIP synergy score analysis further corroborated these findings, revealing a global synergy score of 32.728, with the highest values observed at cinnamaldehyde concentrations of 70-140 µg/mL in combination with polymyxin B. Similarly, in vivo the combination of cinnamaldehyde (30 or 100 mg/kg) with polymyxin B (2 mg/kg) significantly reduced bacterial loads in blood and peritoneal lavage (p < 0.0001) and improved survival rates. These findings underscore the efficacy of cinnamaldehyde as an adjuvant to polymyxin B in treating infections caused by CPR-Kp. The observed synergistic effect suggests that cinnamaldehyde as a pivotal component in future therapeutic formulations, providing a promising avenue for further research in combating antimicrobial resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":9090,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144871420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}