Brazilian Journal of Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Effects of cottonseed powder and perilla oil on cordycepin production from Cordyceps militaris in liquid culture.","authors":"Chong-Bok Kim, Ji-Su Kim, Hyon-Song Jang, Kyong-Ae Han, Yong-Hui Rim, Jin-Hyok Kim","doi":"10.1007/s42770-025-01713-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42770-025-01713-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cordycepin is an important quality control component in Cordyceps militaris. As a result of its known biological activities, cordycepin from Cordyceps militaris has been extensively characterized in regards to potential medicinal applications. Therefore, optimized liquid culture conditions for enhanced cordycepin productivity have been developed, which are necessary steps for industrial applications. In this study, the effects of cottonseed powder and perilla oil as secondary nitrogen and carbon sources on promoting cordycepin production from Cordyceps militaris were evaluated. The proper amount of cottonseed power and perilla oil was optimized using response surface methodology. The results showed that the optimal medium (initial pH 5.7) contained 20.61 g L^- 1 cottonseed powder and 8.28 g L^- 1 perilla oil. Under these conditions, the cordycepin production yield of Cordyceps militaris reached 1.49 ± 0.04 g L^- 1, which was about 1.602-fold that of the control group without cottonseed powder and perilla oil (0.93 ± 0.03 g L^- 1). The results showed that cottonseed powder instead of expensive yeast extract could be used as nitrogen source and perilla oil could effectively improve the yield of cordycepin from C. militaris.</p>","PeriodicalId":9090,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"1495-1504"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12351000/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144474016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First case report of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis biovar equi in semiarid region of Brazil.","authors":"Ewerton de Souza Lima, Ruy Brayner de Oliveira Filho, Karla Campos Malta, Isabelle Caroline Pires, Danillo Sales Rosa, Roberta Torres Chideroli, Flavia Figueira Aburjaile, Thiago de Jesus Sousa, Rommel Thiago Jucá Ramos, Aristóteles Góes-Neto, Siomar de Castro Soares, Bertram Brenig, Vasco Ariston de Carvalho Azevedo, Mateus Matiuzzi da Costa, Artur Cezar de Carvalho Fernandes","doi":"10.1007/s42770-025-01723-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42770-025-01723-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is a bacterium that causes significant economic damage to farmers, mainly in the semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil. In this context, only biovar ovis has been reported, and it is widespread in small ruminants. However, this report describes the first equine case in Brazil attributable to a biovar equi. Clinically, it is the causative agent of ulcerative lymphangitis, mastitis, necrotic and ulcerative dermatitis. A Quarter Horse from the semiarid Northeast presented ulcerative lymphangitis. Culture, nitrate reduction test, MALDI-TOF, and whole-genome sequencing identified the Cp_Eq_BR01 strain as biovar equi. The 2.37 Mb genome shared > 98% nucleotide identity with other equi strains and clustered most closely with the Chilean isolate E19. Although no unique determinants of virulence or resistance were found, the observed genomic clonality suggests potential for rapid transboundary spread. This first Brazilian detection broadens the recognized host range, alerts the farmer's national equine to a new threat, and highlights the need for routine nitrate testing, and updated movement control policies for equines.</p>","PeriodicalId":9090,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"2251-2256"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12350979/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144538516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lactococcus lactis GV103, potentially probiotic, applied in the development of lactose-free fermented milk.","authors":"Taynan Jonatha Neves Costa, Isabella Maciel Costa, Wendy Carla Dantas Rocha, Maria Eduarda Costa Campos, Brenda Costa Oliveira, Thais Emanuelle Silva Santos, Diego Sartori, Andrezza Angélica Ferreira, Camila Argenta Fante, Érika Ramos de Alvarenga, Marcelo Resende de Souza, Gabriel Augusto Marques Rossi, Bruna Maria Salotti-Souza","doi":"10.1007/s42770-025-01709-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42770-025-01709-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the effect of lactose and glucose on the viability of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and assess the microbiological and technological characteristics of lactose-free milk fermented with the potentially probiotic strain Lactococcus lactis GV103. The viability of GV103, either alone or co-cultured with Streptococcus thermophilus STI-12, was evaluated in glucose (Glu), lactose (Lac), and glucose:lactose (Glu:Lac) media. After fermentation, pH, titratable acidity, syneresis, water-holding capacity (WHC), and LAB counts were monitored throughout 28 days of re-frigerated storage. Simulated gastrointestinal tract (GIT) conditions were also assessed for both LAB. When co-cultured, the Lac and Glu:Lac media reached pH 4.6 in approximately 480 min, while Glu required 703.5 min. As a monoculture, GV103 showed the highest counts in Glu:Lac, exceeding 10.50 log CFU/mL. After 28 days, the lactose-free fermented milk had a pH of 3.84 and a titratable acidity of 1.10 g lactic acid/100 mL. Syneresis and WHC were 42.32% and 34.62%, respectively. LAB viability remained above 10.50 log CFU/mL after storage, and both strains survived simulated GIT conditions with counts exceeding 9.00 log CFU/mL. The GV103 and STI-12 proved to be effective, supporting its potential for future probiotic applications in lactose-free dairy products, with attention to fermentation time. The results of this study are promising regarding the use of this microorganism to produce lactose-free fermented milk. However, further studies involving sensory analysis are recommended to assess consumer acceptance, as well as large-scale production to evaluate industrial feasibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":9090,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"1669-1679"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12350894/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144282366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable and cost-effective production of bacterial cellulose by using rice straw hydrolysate: a response surface approach.","authors":"Poonam Sharma, Ritu Sharma, Anita Yadav, Neeraj K Aggarwal","doi":"10.1007/s42770-025-01692-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42770-025-01692-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite having many exceptional qualities, bacterial cellulose's (BC) commercialization and applications are restricted by high production cost and low productivity. Therefore, the enzymatic hydrolysate of rice (RSH- rice straw hydrolysate) was employed in this study as an alternative low-cost carbon source. Rice straw has been pretreated with 2% NaOH prior to enzymatic hydrolysis and 29.35 ± 0.4 g/l of reducing sugar was detected in the RSH. Further, the production of BC by using RSH medium was optimised by using Box- Behnken design (BBD). After two weeks of cultivation on the optimized RSH medium (RSH dilution 1 and pH 6) at 32.5 °C, the BC yield was 7.17 ± 0.05 g/L, which is fairly higher than many other previously reported BC yield, by utilizing various lignocellulosic waste. The physico-chemical analysis of BC films so obtained was done by SEM, XRD, and FT-IR and compared with the BC produced in standard HS (Hestrin-schramm) medium. The typical nanocellulose fibrillar network morphology has been confirmed by SEM; the peaks associated with cellulose I, has been shown by XRD; and the FTIR spectra displayed the absorption bands associated with BC specific functional groups. Overall, RSH medium didn't alter the basic properties of BC, except slight variations. Therefore, rice straw hydrolysate could be a potential low-cost carbon source for large scale production of BC.</p>","PeriodicalId":9090,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"1543-1553"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12350896/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144101381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of persistent clusters and temporal trends of glanders in horses throughout Brazil.","authors":"Valdir Vieira da Silva, Denny Parente de Sá Barreto Maia Leite, Lucilene Martins Trindade Gonçalves, Pollyanne Raysa Fernandes de Oliveira, José Wilton Pinheiro Junior, Rinaldo Aparecido Mota","doi":"10.1007/s42770-025-01730-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42770-025-01730-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glanders, caused by Burkholderia mallei, is a zoonotic disease with profound socioeconomic and public health implications, affecting equines and humans. This study investigated glanders cases in Brazil from 2006 to 2023 to identify persistent clusters and analyze temporal trends, providing a foundation for the formulation of effective control policies. Official data were obtained from the National Animal Health Information System (SIZ) and Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), encompassing case notifications and equine population statistics by state and year. The incidence risk (IR) was calculated, and prospective spatiotemporal analyses were performed using the discrete Poisson model in SatScan software. Temporal trends were assessed through segmented regression in Joinpoint software. A total of 2,654 glanders cases were reported, with the Northeast region accounting for 52.19% of cases and Pernambuco presenting the highest IR (342.58/100,000). Primary clusters were detected in the Northeast (RR = 5.16), while secondary clusters were identified in the North, South, Central-West, and Southeast regions, with the most notable cluster in Amazonas (RR = 60.32). Temporal trend analysis revealed overall stability in Brazil but demonstrated increasing trends in the North, South, and Central-West regions. These results underscore the critical need for integrated epidemiological surveillance, stricter health regulations, and improved control of equine movement, particularly in regions at higher risk. Strengthening early diagnostic capabilities and implementing targeted educational initiatives are essential to curbing the spread of B. mallei and mitigating the socioeconomic and public health impacts of glanders in Brazil.</p>","PeriodicalId":9090,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"2193-2203"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12350885/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144717486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of an enriched acidophilic sulfate-reducing bacteria community from the sediment of a uranium mine (Minas Gerais-Brazil).","authors":"Frecia Mamani Licona, Bruna D B Zampieri, Elis W Nogueira, Rafael Brito de Moura, Gunther Brucha","doi":"10.1007/s42770-025-01775-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-025-01775-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acidophilic sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are anaerobic microorganisms capable of precipitating metals and raising pH levels in acidic drainage waters. Limited genera have been isolated from acidic sediments. This study aimed to characterize enrichment cultures of acidophilic SRB communities found in uranium mine sediments in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Enrichment tests evaluated lactate and acetate as electron donors across various pH levels. Results revealed SRB growth in both carbon sources at pH 3, 4, and 5, with sulfate removal rates of approximately 98% for lactate and 97% for acetate. Notably, Desulfosporosinus was abundant (27%) in both carbon source assays. In the acetate experiment, Acidocella, an acidophilic acetoclastic microorganism, dominated (39%), alongside Desulfosporosinus (27%). The latter, typically exhibiting incomplete metabolism, might use hydrogen or other forms of extracellular electron transfer (EET), potentially including direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET), in syntrophy with Acidocella spp. The predominance of Desulfosporosinus spp. and Clostridium spp. in the enrichment cultures also suggests a cooperative metabolic network in which fermentative bacteria play a critical role in initiating sulfate reduction under acidic conditions. These findings underscore the efficacy of the native acidophilic SRB enrichment strategy, both in recovering indigenous strains and in generating a functionally effective inoculum for sulfidogenic bioreactor systems, operating at low pH. This approach holds promise for treating Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) and merits further scalable research.</p>","PeriodicalId":9090,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144942266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular detection of paramyxovirus and coronavirus in fecal samples of shorebirds from Southern Brazil.","authors":"Raíssa Gasparetto, Nicole Vieira Stone, Bruna Simone Paredes-Galarza, Alanis Silva Melgarejo, Francine Cezar Bandeira Timm, Bruno Aschidamini Prandi, Lina Marcela Violet-Lozano, Luisa Setovski Silveira, Fernanda Muckler Pereira, Miguel Leonetti Corrêa, Carolina Pezzi Lucca, Luis Gustavo Dos Santos da Silva, Paulo Guilherme Carniel Wagner, Sara Hartke, Paulo Michel Roehe, Martha Trindade Oliveira, Ana Cláudia Franco","doi":"10.1007/s42770-025-01773-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-025-01773-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wild birds are an important source of viral infection since it is considered a reservoir for a number of viruses, such as Paramyxovirus and a range of Gammacoronavirus and Deltacoronavirus. Avian paramyxovirus 1 (APMV-1), the causative agent of Newcastle Disease (ND), poses significant threats to both wild and domestic avian populations. Gammacoronaviruses, such as the Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV), primarily affect poultry, leading to respiratory, enteric, reproductive, and neurological disorders. The aim of this study was to monitor the presence of paramyxovirus and coronaviruses in shorebirds in the middle coast of southern Brazil, between May and December of 2023, by analyzing fecal samples for the presence of viral genome. Two hundred and eighty-nine fresh fecal samples were collected monthly between May and December of 2023 in the middle coast of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. RNA was extracted from the samples following the protocol of PREVIR and cDNA was synthesized. All samples were screened for APMV-1 M gene by qRT-PCR and for the RdRp gene of coronavirus by nPCR. Positive samples were confirmed by Sanger Sequencing. Five samples out of 289 (1.73%/100%) contained APMV-1 RNA, while all samples were negative for coronavirus RNA. APMV-1 RNA was detected in feces of the American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) (1/5) and Kelp Gulls (Larus dominicanus) (2/5). To our knowledge, this is the first report of APMV-1 infection in American Oystercatcher and Kelp Gulls. Although at a low frequency, we demonstrate the presence of APMV-1 in the coast of Brazil, posing a risk of infections in an area in South Brazil which is visited by thousands of wild birds each year during migration. These studies should continue in order to keep surveillance and anticipate outbreaks which could impact both wild and domestic birds health.</p>","PeriodicalId":9090,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144942459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a multiplex-PCR assay for differentiation of Cryptococcus species using the PRP8 gene region.","authors":"Artur Bibiano de Vasconcelos, Danilo Alves de França, Ana Carolina do Prado, Danielle Hamae Yamauchi, Hans Garcia Garces, Alana Lucena Oliveira, Rayane Thayse Moreira Dos Santos Carnaúba, Cauê Bastos Tertuliano Dos Santos, Simone Baldini Lucheis, Sandra de Moraes Gimenes Bosco","doi":"10.1007/s42770-025-01772-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-025-01772-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cryptococcus is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for cryptococcosis, a fungal infection with high mortality, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Accurate and rapid species identification is critical for effective diagnosis and treatment. This study developed and standardized a multiplex PCR protocol targeting the polymorphic PRP8 gene, a novel molecular marker proposed for differentiation of C. neoformans var. grubii, C. neoformans var. neoformans, and C. gattii. DNA was extracted from reference strains and primers were manually designed. The protocol demonstrated high specificity, with no amplification observed in negative controls, and reproducibility under optimized conditions, including an annealing temperature of 52 °C and 3% DMSO. This method is cost-effective, time-efficient, and robust, making it suitable for laboratories with limited resources. Compared to traditional targets such as coat genes and ribosomal RNA, the PRP8 gene offers enhanced resolution due to its intronic polymorphisms, allowing precise differentiation of molecular types. This innovation provides a valuable tool for clinical diagnostics and epidemiological studies, facilitating the understanding of geographic distribution, infection patterns and antifungal resistance profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":9090,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144942244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highlighting the marine fungi Cunninghamella echinulata-9A5 as bioemulsifier for treating tannery leather residue.","authors":"Mariana Bueno do Nascimento, Wanderson Zuza Cosme, Heber Eduardo Andrada, Kátia Roberta Prieto de Oliveira, Maria Isabela da Silva Figueiredo, Vanessa Mendes Rego, Marcos Antonio Soares, Rodrigo Sorrechia, Sarah Santana Sanchez, Rosemeire Cristina Linhari Rodrigues Pietro, Gustavo Muniz Dias, Marcio Luís Andrade E Silva, Wilson Roberto Cunha, Patrícia Mendonça Pauletti, Eduardo Ferreira Molina, Ana Helena Januário","doi":"10.1007/s42770-025-01752-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-025-01752-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study has investigated the biosurfactant and bioemulsifier potential of the fungal malt broth 9A5M, obtained from the marine fungus Cunninghamella echinulata-9A5. The E24 emulsification index of 9A5M were evaluated by using vegetable oils, burnt motor engine oil and residues from leather treatment. The chemical profile 9A5M was delineated by GC-MS, and its stability was determined by zeta potential and hydrodynamic diameter (D_h), obtained by Dynamic Light Scattering analysis. Lipase dosage, total protein content, and toxicity in alternative models were also determined. 9A5M gave the best E24 emulsification index values (%) for burnt motor engine oil and leather industrial waste: 78.10 ± 0.05 and 77.10 ± 0.00, respectively, and displayed stable anionic profile when temperature and pH were varied. GC-MS confirmed that the ethyl acetate extract of 9A5M contained fatty acids, pyranone, alkanes, and dipeptides as major compounds. 9A5M had total protein content of 0.453 mg and specific lipase activity of 0.441 U/mg of protein. In addition, 9A5M was not toxic against the alternative models Galleria mellonela or Caenorhabditis elegans. The results reported here contribute to knowledge about the biosurfactant and bioemulsifier properties of 9A5M marine sample.</p>","PeriodicalId":9090,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144942476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel case of feline Exophiala spinifera disease in Americas: review integrating diagnosis and clinical.","authors":"Mariana Almeida Ferreira, Gabrielle Silveira Vargas, João Vitor Gregolan Barbosa, Allana de Paula Castilho, Ingrid Gonçalves Costa Leite, Jandra Pacheco Dos Santos, Marina Pacheco Miguel, Tiago Alexandre Cocio, Roseli Santos de Freitas-Xavier, Álvaro Ferreira Júnior","doi":"10.1007/s42770-025-01761-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-025-01761-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report the first case of phaeohyphomycosis caused by the dematiaceous dimorphic fungus Exophiala spinifera in a free-roaming domestic cat from the Americas, specifically diagnosed in the Central-West Region of Brazil, which progressed to euthanasia due to severe clinical deterioration. A comprehensive diagnostic approach was employed, integrating epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, mycological, and molecular analyses to confirm the fungal infection. In addition to the fungal infection, the cat tested seropositive for feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and was suspected of having seromucous adenocarcinoma. The response of E. spinifera to itraconazole (ITZ) therapy and the post-mortem findings are also presented. This case highlights the importance of considering Exophiala species in the differential diagnosis of fungal infections in animals. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and potential ecological implications of E. spinifera, offering valuable insights for veterinarians, researchers, and clinicians involved in the management of zoonotic mycoses.</p>","PeriodicalId":9090,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144942627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}