Brazilian Journal of Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence and molecular insights of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Sudanese Cattle: implications for control and public health.","authors":"Sanaa M Idris, Wisal A Elmagzoub, Mohamed E Mukhtar, Julius B Okuni, Lonzy Ojok, Enass M Abdalla, Sulieman M El Sanousi, Ahmad Amanzada, Uwe Truyen, Ahmed Abd El Wahed, ElSagad Eltayeb, Ahmed A Gameel, Kamal H Eltom","doi":"10.1007/s42770-025-01781-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-025-01781-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Paratuberculosis (PTB) is a chronic intestinal disease affecting ruminants and somenon-ruminants, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). In the Sudan, published data on the incidence and prevalence of PTB are Limited. we detected MAP in human patients with gastrointestinal complaints highlights its zoonotic potential and raises public health concerns. This study aimed at assessing PTB prevalence in cattle and identifying risk factors for MAP infection as well as investigating the phylogeny of MAP circulating in the Sudan. Both serum and faecal samples were collected from the same individual animals of 810 cattle in 153 herds in five states spanning three regions (Southern, Northern, and Central) of the country. ELISA was used to detect MAP antibodies in sera, while faecal samples were tested for MAP DNA using a recombinase aided amplification (RAA) assay and cultured for MAP isolation followed by partial sequencing of MAP insertion sequence 1311 with subsequent phylogeny analysis. At the animal level, the apparent prevalence was 5.0% for ELISA and 4.2% for RAA, with true prevalence estimates of 8.5% and 4.8%, respectively. At the herd level, apparent prevalence was 28.2% for ELISA and 22.3% for RAA, while true prevalence reached 54.2% for ELISA and 24.9% for RAA. Significant (P < 0.05) risk factors for MAP infection included exposure to wild animals and high rainfall. Phylogenetic analysis of the Sudanese MAP isolates revealed close relatedness to type S (I/III) strains worldwide suggesting a shared evolutionary origin. The present study provides baseline data on PTB prevalence and risk factors in Sudanese cattle, emphasising the role of environmental and management factors in disease dynamics. These findings highlight the necessity of adopting targeted control strategies to reduce MAP impact on cattle and other animals as well as to prevent its potential public health hazard.</p>","PeriodicalId":9090,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145238121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Streptococcus equi subsp. equi isolated from horses in Southern Brazil: molecular and phenotypic analyses.","authors":"Marlane Geribone Seeger, Agueda Palmira Castagna de Vargas, Fernanda Silveira Flores Vogel, Juliana Felipetto Cargnelutti","doi":"10.1007/s42770-025-01783-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-025-01783-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Streptococcus equi subsp. equi (S. equi) is the etiological agent of strangles, a contagious equine disease characterized by lymph node abscess and respiratory complications. To clarify the epidemiology and virulence factors of isolates, this study demonstrated phenotypic and genotypic differences between S. equi obtained from nasal secretions and lymph node aspirates of clinical strangles cases. Additionally, circulating alleles were differentiated through sequencing of the 5' end of the seM gene. A total of 23 clinical isolates collected from horses with strangles over the past decade were analyzed for phenotypic characteristics such as colony morphology, sugar fermentation, capsule production, biofilm formation, and antimicrobial susceptibility, as well as genotypic features. The analysis revealed phenotypic variability, particularly differences in sugar metabolism and capsule expression associated with colony morphology. Most isolates exhibited weak biofilm formation and susceptibility to cephalothin, ceftiofur, and streptomycin, while resistance to tetracycline was most common. Sequencing of the N-terminal region of the seM gene identified four alleles: seM-115, seM-158, seM-270, and seM-271. Of these, only seM-115 had previously been reported in Rio Grande do Sul State (southern Brazil). Phylogenetic analysis showed distinct clustering patterns, especially among the newly detected alleles (seM-270 and seM-271). These findings highlight the importance of integrated phenotypic and genotypic analyses to understand the diversity and potential virulence of circulating S. equi strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":9090,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145198082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selection of competitive and effective rhizobial strain for enhanced chickpea production under Indo-Gangetic plains of India.","authors":"Shiv Charan Kumar, Murugan Kumar, Rajni Singh, Anil Kumar Saxena","doi":"10.1007/s42770-025-01788-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-025-01788-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a vital legume crop, but its productivity is often limited by poor soil fertility. This study aimed to assess the nodulation efficacy and plant growth-enhancing activities of six Mesorhizobium spp. strains in the chickpea cultivar Pusa 362 through the Leonard jar experiment and field trial. The strains, including two strains from ICRISAT (reference strains), were tested for solubilization of phosphate, potassium, and zinc, and production of Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA). Strain C5 excelled in phosphate solubilization (61.40 µg/ml), while C7 was superior in potassium (26.10 µg/ml) and zinc phosphate (69.15 µg/ml) solubilization; C17 showed the highest IAA production (25.75 µg/ml). In the Leonard jar experiment, inoculation of strains M. ciceri C5 and M. helmanticense C17 exhibited the highest nodule number and root dry weight, while treatments with M. ciceri C5 and M. helmanticense C7 inoculation recorded the maximum nodule dry weight and shoot dry weight. Field trials indicated significant improvements in nodulation, biomass, and nitrogen content in chickpeas inoculated with these strains. Treatment with strain C7 led to the highest increase in nodule number and root dry weight over the control, while strain C5 inoculation recorded maximum grain yield. Correlation analysis showed positive relationships between yield and several growth parameters. Nodule occupancy tests revealed that strain C7 had the highest occupancy (32.98%), followed by C5 (31.92%), indicating superior nodulation competitiveness under field conditions. These results suggest that inoculation with specific Mesorhizobium strains can significantly enhance chickpea productivity through improved nodulation and nitrogen fixation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9090,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145198143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence and evaluation of extended spectrum beta-lactamase in avian pathogenic E. coli.","authors":"Anupriya, Kavitha Guladahalli Manjunatha, Abhirami Somasekharan, Rajeshwari Vittal, Akhila Dharnappa Sannejal","doi":"10.1007/s42770-025-01763-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-025-01763-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emergence and spread of Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) in poultry farms pose a significant challenge for the scientific community. The presence of APEC in poultry farms is linked to its ability to form biofilms, which is worsened by various virulence factors and drug resistance, enabling bacteria to survive in various environments. The present study investigated the prevalence of ESBL-producing APEC isolates from waste samples collected from poultry farms. A total of thirty samples were collected from ten poultry farms. One metallic sheen colony from Eosin methylene blue agar from each sample was used to isolate APEC. This study revealed that all twenty-eight E. coli isolates resisted at least one antibiotic, reflecting a high resistance rate. Isolates that resisted one or more antibiotics were further screened for APEC virulence genes via conventional polymerase chain reaction. The analysis revealed that 38% of the isolates were APEC strains, while the remaining 63% were non-APEC strains. Most APEC isolates harboured more than one beta-lactamase gene, with the prevalent ESBL genotype combination being blaSHV and blaTEM. Phenotypic confirmation using the Ceftazidime/Ceftadime + Clavulanic acid revealed that one isolate was found to produce the ESBL enzyme. To tackle this issue, it is important to implement preventative measures effectively, aiming to decrease the prevalence of ESBL-producing APEC and its transmission to humans via poultry products.</p>","PeriodicalId":9090,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145198070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of bacterial diversity in bovine bulk tank milk samples from Brazil.","authors":"Rafaela Martins Morasi, Filippo Biscarini, Chiara Gini, Fabrizio Ceciliani, Cristina Lecchi, Anelise Salina, André Thaler Neto, Hélio Langoni, Clarice Gebara, Bruna Lourenço Crippa, Nathália Cristina Cirone Silva","doi":"10.1007/s42770-025-01785-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-025-01785-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research aimed to analyze and compare bacterial diversity in bulk tank milk (BTM) samples from five Brazilian regions using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing, while correlating this diversity with Somatic Cell Count (SCC) values. A total of 57 samples from Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Goiás, Maranhão, Pará, and Tocantins were sequenced through Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). The analysis revealed one kingdom, four phyla, six classes, 14 orders, 28 families, and 43 genera, with Moraxellaceae (22.3%), Streptococcaceae (14.1%), Acetobacteraceae (13.8%), Pseudomonadaceae (11.0%), and Enterococcaceae (9.0%) as the main families, and Acinetobacter (22.3%), Pseudomonas (11.7%), and Acetobacter (8.1%) as the main genera. Alpha diversity differed significantly in Maranhão and Pará compared to Goiás (set as baseline for comparing alpha diversity across regions), as indicated by Fisher, Chao1, and ACE indices (p < 0.05). In terms of beta diversity, significant differences (p < 0.001) were found among the states, highlighting the heterogeneity of these communities inside the country. While high and low SCC groups showed no significant differences in alpha diversity (p > 0.05), beta diversity did exhibit significant variation (p < 0.001). Tracking the bacterial diversity and SCC found in BTM samples using advanced molecular technologies allowed us to understand microbial diversity for future strategy development, consequently improving the quality and safety of the milk produced on Brazilian farms.</p>","PeriodicalId":9090,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145198112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of qPCR methods for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis from granulomas collected at slaughterhouses.","authors":"Juliana Fernandes de Paula Castro, Gisele Oliveira de Souza, Sueli Akemi Taniwaki, Marcos Bryan Heinemann, José Soares Ferreira Neto","doi":"10.1007/s42770-025-01779-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-025-01779-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To improve the direct diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in lesions from carcasses condemned at slaughterhouses - the primary method for identifying infected farms within the Surveillance System - two qPCR assays were evaluated against the gold standard: culture and identification of Mycobacterium bovis. A total of 167 lesion samples were collected by inspection services in Mato Grosso and Santa Catarina. Samples were homogenized and analyzed using culture and qPCR targeting the IS1081 sequence (for the M. tuberculosis complex) and the RD4 region (specific to M. bovis). Both qPCR assays demonstrated acceptable sensitivity and specificity, confirming the diagnostic value of these targets. The IS1081 qPCR showed a sensitivity of 0.80 [95% CI: 0.69-0.89] and specificity of 0.79 [95% CI: 0.70-0.87]. The RD4 qPCR yielded a sensitivity of 0.74 [95% CI: 0.61-0.84] and specificity of 0.84 [95% CI: 0.76-0.91]. Agreement between the two qPCR assays was high (K = 0.89 [95% CI: 0.82-0.96]). When using the parallel results of culture and IS1081 qPCR as gold standard, the RD4 assay achieved a sensitivity of 0.74 [95% CI: 0.64-0.83] and specificity of 1.00 [95% CI: 0.96-1.00]. In conclusion, both assays produced comparable results. The RD4 qPCR, due to its specificity for M. bovis, shows promise as a replacement for classical bacteriology and conventional PCR in bTB surveillance, offering operational advantages.</p>","PeriodicalId":9090,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145147799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of Colletotrichum orchidophilum causing necrotic spots on flowers of Laelia tenebrosa.","authors":"Victória Oasis Regis Lessa Matos, Athus Diego Azevedo Silva, André Luiz Firmino, Olinto Liparini Pereira","doi":"10.1007/s42770-025-01776-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-025-01776-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Among the 2,692 orchid species endemic to Brazil, Laelia tenebrosa has significant economic value because of the beauty of its flowers and the size of the plant. Despite being listed as endangered, it is one of the most cultivated Laelia species. Anthracnose is one of the main diseases affecting orchids. The fungus responsible for the disease, Colletotrichum sp., can spread efficiently in orchid collections in Brazil owing to favorable temperature and humidity conditions. To date, 46 species of Colletotrichum have been identified as the causal agents of anthracnose in various orchid species worldwide. In December 2018, flowers of Laelia tenebrosa (Orchidaceae) with necrotic spots were collected from the orchidarium maintained at the coffee nursery of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The fungus was identified based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses using Bayesian inference, and the maximum likelihood method was performed using sequences from each region (ACT, CHS, GAPDH, ITS, and TUB2) and concatenated sequences. The disease is caused by Colletotrichum orchidophilum, a species known to infect Bletilla striata in China, Cycnoches aureum in Panama, Dendrobium sp. in Thailand and the United States, Phalaenopsis sp. in the United Kingdom, x Ascocenda sp. in the United States, and Reunion Island as the causal agent of black spots on Vanilla planifolia. For the first time, C. orchidophilum was reported in Brazil and was the first to cause anthracnose in Laelia worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":9090,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145136494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High occurrence of Aspergillus section Aspergillus in corn kernels for feed production.","authors":"Mauro César Piotto de Lima, Dâmaris Cristine Landgraf, Sara Mataroli de Godoy, Daniele Cassiano Feliciano, Claudete de Fátima Ruas, Marina Venturini Copetti, Daniele Sartori","doi":"10.1007/s42770-025-01778-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-025-01778-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9090,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145124002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soluble recombinant enterovirus 71 VP1 fused to truncated newcastle disease virus nucleoprotein elicits immune responses in mice.","authors":"Suhaili Mustafa, Noraini Abd-Aziz, Khatijah Yusoff, Norazizah Shafee","doi":"10.1007/s42770-025-01784-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-025-01784-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9090,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145123974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standardization and performance of SARS-CoV-2 RT-LAMP detection: a reliable, inexpensive, and alternative diagnostic assay.","authors":"Rachel Cruz Alves, José Henrique Franscisco Roma, Bruno Moreira Carneiro, Juliana Helena Chavez Pavoni, Renata Dezengrini Slhessarenko","doi":"10.1007/s42770-025-01789-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-025-01789-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 marked the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has challenged public health worldwide. Mass testing performed by different assays represents an essential strategy to control virus spread, especially in low-income regions. This study aimed to standardize and validate RT-LAMP as an alternative tool for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Different sets of primers were assessed in silico and in vitro, and the N2 target was selected for the validation stage. The extracted RNA from the clinical samples was used to standardize the RT-LAMP fluorometric assay with BST 3.0 and RT enzymes, and the colorimetric assay was performed with WarmStart^® Colorimetric LAMP Master Mix. Clinical samples were also subjected to the Wondfo 2019-nCoV antigen test. The proposed protocols showed robust diagnostic accuracy in high-viral-load samples (C_T ≤ 30), 98.25% sensitivity and 90.91% specificity for fluorometric assay, and 92.98% sensitivity and 100% specificity for colorimetric assay. Considering the two visualization techniques, the fluorometric technique yielded more accordant results. In contrast, the rapid antigen test presented a lower performance, with 82.46% sensitivity and 100% specificity in samples with a C_T score ≤ 30. RT-LAMP visualization with a simple ultraviolet light source showed high sensitivity in active infection patient samples. The faster and simplest execution, cost-effectiveness, and accessible interpretation of the results are favorable points for improving this diagnostic tool as a potential screening tool for active transmission of COVID-19, especially in regions with limited financial resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":9090,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145069110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}