Bone & Joint Research最新文献

{"title":"Design and mechanical evaluation of a novel dynamic growth rod to improve the surgical treatment of early-onset scoliosis.","authors":"Yangyang Xu, Xueqing Wu, Da Lu, Yong Wu, Heng Li, Baoqing Pei","doi":"10.1302/2046-3758.149.BJR-2024-0280.R3","DOIUrl":"10.1302/2046-3758.149.BJR-2024-0280.R3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Growth rods are the gold standard for treating early-onset scoliosis (EOS), but current treatments often fail to optimally promote spinal growth and require frequent distraction surgeries, leading to complications and significant burdens on patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We designed a novel growth rod (NGR) with unidirectional sliding and external regulation capabilities. Using a 3D model, we simulated the implantation of traditional growth rod (TGR) and NGR, applying a 400 N compressive load and a 1 Nm moment to test stiffness. We assessed spinal joint range of motion and growth rod stress distribution, and calculated axial force, moment, and fatigue life.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The axial compressive and torsional stiffness of the NGR were higher than those of the TGR and the intact group. The Von Mises stress values of the NGR under all conditions were higher than those of the TGR. Additionally, the fatigue life of the NGR met basic daily living requirements. Overall, the NGR demonstrated superior stiffness and stress distribution, with stress primarily concentrated near the screw fixation points and distributed along the titanium rods.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The NGR, based on a distraction implant, includes a unidirectional sliding component and a spring-driven component, providing dynamic correction functionality. Additionally, it features a novel non-invasive lengthening mechanism that reduces the risk of infection. Compared to the current market-leading EOS implants, it offers enhanced stability. The novel device can potentially improve clinical outcomes in the surgical treatment of EOS.</p>","PeriodicalId":9074,"journal":{"name":"Bone & Joint Research","volume":"14 9","pages":"747-759"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12399330/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144942313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum.","authors":"Beatriz Larraz-Prieto, Louise Hjorth Lind, Jacob Bastholm Olesen, Asim Azfer, Morten Svarer Hansen, Morten Frost, Abbas Jafari, Colin Farquharson, Stuart H Ralston, Kent Søe, Nerea Alonso","doi":"10.1302/2046-3758.148.BJR-2025-00005","DOIUrl":"10.1302/2046-3758.148.BJR-2025-00005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9074,"journal":{"name":"Bone & Joint Research","volume":"14 8","pages":"746"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12381692/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144942369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum.","authors":"Beatriz Larraz-Prieto, Louise Hjorth Lind, Jacob Bastholm Olesen, Asim Azfer, Morten Svarer Hansen, Morten Frost, Abbas Jafari, Colin Farquharson, Stuart H Ralston, Kent Søe, Nerea Alonso","doi":"10.1302/2046-3758.148.BJR-2025-00004","DOIUrl":"10.1302/2046-3758.148.BJR-2025-00004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9074,"journal":{"name":"Bone & Joint Research","volume":"14 8","pages":"745"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12381693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144942372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Type-I and -II collagens from bone and cartilage colocalize at the osteochondral cement line.","authors":"Khizar Hayat, Neil Marr, Kingston K L Mak, Michael Doube","doi":"10.1302/2046-3758.148.BJR-2024-0396.R1","DOIUrl":"10.1302/2046-3758.148.BJR-2024-0396.R1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The osteochondral cement line (OCL) plays a key role in joint integrity by attaching articular calcified cartilage (ACC) to underlying subchondral bone (SCB), whose predominant collagens are type 2 (Col-II) and type 1 (Col-I), respectively. Previous studies report contrasting evidence of the presence of collagen fibrils in the OCL, albeit in different species and joints. If present, collagen fibrils might provide a basis for osteochondral bonding in the organic phase. We aimed to study the morphological variations of the osteochondral cement line, to observe whether cartilage and bone collagen fibrils are present in the OCL, and whether they colocalize in a manner that could help explain how ACC attaches to SCB.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used immunofluorescence, confocal microscopy, and deconvolution to image Col-I and Col-II collagen fibrils and measure their overlap and colocalization, in OCL harvested from equine and bovine femoral head, patella, and proximal and distal metatarsal condyles. Large mammalian species were chosen to have size and pathobiology relevant to human anatomy. Thousands to millions of Col-I/-II colocalizing complexes were observed per mm² of OCL over a tissue depth of 1 to 5 µm. Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn's post-hoc tests and Mann-Whitney U tests were conducted for intra- and interspecies statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The areal volume (µm³/mm²) of Col-I/Col-II complexes was up to ten times greater in equine than bovine OCL (p = 0.016 to 0.029). Similarly, the number of Col-I/-II complexes and mean volume per complex differed significantly (p < 0.001 to 0.032 and p < 0.001 to 0.029, respectively) among anatomical sites between equine and bovine OCL. Gaps or tears near OCL were present uniquely in the bovine patella.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Col-I/Col-II overlap and colocalize at OCL, which could be a critical source of bond strength between cartilage and bone that should be considered when cartilage repair is attempted in clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":9074,"journal":{"name":"Bone & Joint Research","volume":"14 8","pages":"735-744"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12381697/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144942330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Candy box technique with sutures and Nice knot : a novel approach to inferior pole patellar fractures.","authors":"Wei Fan, Kui He, Xiaoqi Tan, Jinhui Liu, Yukun Xiao, Jie Liang, Ke Duan, Jiyuan Yan, Wenzhe Ma, Yue Chen, Yunkang Yang, Feifan Xiang","doi":"10.1302/2046-3758.148.BJR-2024-0412.R1","DOIUrl":"10.1302/2046-3758.148.BJR-2024-0412.R1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Our study explores the candy box (CB) technique with sutures and Nice knot as a novel treatment for inferior pole patellar fractures, potentially superior to traditional wire fixation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>CT data from five adult knee joints were extracted to create finite element models for inferior pole patellar fractures and four internal fixation models. These included CB technique combined with high-strength sutures and Nice knot (CB-H), CB technique combined with tendon sutures and Nice knot (CB-T), CB technique combined with steel wires (CB-S), and tension-band wiring combined with cerclage wiring (TBWC). Displacement and stress distribution during knee flexion and extension were compared. Physical models were created using 3D printing technology. These models were then subjected to static tensile test and dynamic fatigue test. Data from 21 patients treated with CB-H and 22 patients treated with TBWC were analyzed to assess the effectiveness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Finite element analysis (FEA) indicated that displacements for CB-H and CB-T were below the failure threshold in all knee joint states. Stresses on the patella and internal fixation were lower in the CB-H and CB-T groups compared with the CB-S and TBWC groups. Both static and dynamic biomechanical experiments confirmed that displacements of CB-H and CB-T also remained below the failure threshold. In clinical research, the CB-H group outperformed the TBWC group in operating time, intraoperative blood loss, length of incision and time to clinical union, and complication control.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The CB technique combined with sutures and Nice knot can provide sufficient fixation strength for inferior pole patellar fractures. This method enables early functional exercise and avoids the need for secondary surgery. It could be a promising alternative to traditional TBWC surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":9074,"journal":{"name":"Bone & Joint Research","volume":"14 8","pages":"721-734"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12372394/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144942348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of \"kickstand\" screws on the mechanical performance of a lateral distal femoral plate : a finite element analysis.","authors":"Alex Trompeter, Alexis Christen, Claus Gerber, Bernhard Hofstaetter, Felix Wipf, Jason Lowe","doi":"10.1302/2046-3758.148.BJR-2024-0479.R1","DOIUrl":"10.1302/2046-3758.148.BJR-2024-0479.R1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Lateral locked plating of distal femoral fractures is widely reported, yet there remains a 9% to 19% incidence of mechanical failure. Obliquely directed \"kickstand screws\", from the metaphyseal portion of a plate toward far-sided articular subchondral bone, have been shown to improve construct stiffness. This study explores the impact of kickstand screws in a finite element analysis bone defect model, comparing plate and screw maximum stress and maximum locking screw forces either with or without the addition of kickstand screws.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A finite element analysis model of a lateral based femoral plate and fracture gap simulation was created, with material and construct data parameters regarding bone material, implant, and composite model identified. The addition of the upper, lower, or both kickstand screws in an anatomical precontoured lateral distal femoral plate were selected as the variables compared against the absence of kickstand screws. Screw and plate principal stresses (MPa) and locking screw mechanism force (N) were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The addition of the upper kickstand screw or both kickstand screws led to an approximate 40% reduction of stress in the metaphyseal hole closest to the fracture. The addition of the lower, upper, and both kickstand screws led to a 23%, 32%, and 34% reduction of maximum stress in the metaphyseal screws, respectively. The addition of the lower kickstand screw led to a 19% reduction, while the upper or both kickstand screws led to a 23% reduction of maximum force experienced by the locking mechanism.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The addition of kickstand screws improves the mechanical performance of the construct, with reduced stresses experienced by the plate and metaphyseal screws. Furthermore, the maximum forces on the locking screw mechanism were shown to be significantly reduced, providing a protective effect to the polyaxial locking mechanism of the metaphyseal screw.</p>","PeriodicalId":9074,"journal":{"name":"Bone & Joint Research","volume":"14 8","pages":"713-720"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12360867/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144871465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparisons of miRNA profiles of exosomes derived from human iPSCs, ADSCs, and BMSCs and effects on chondrocyte function.","authors":"Ling-Hua Chang, Shu-Chun Chuang, Shun-Cheng Wu, Yin-Chih Fu, Jhen-Wei Chen, Che-Wei Wu, Yi-Shan Lin, Cyong-Yue Liu, Yu-Hsuan Chung, Je-Ken Chang, Chung-Hwan Chen, Mei-Ling Ho","doi":"10.1302/2046-3758.148.BJR-2024-0267.R4","DOIUrl":"10.1302/2046-3758.148.BJR-2024-0267.R4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to identify and compare the microRNA (miRNA) profiles of exosomes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), and adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) (hiPSC-Exos, hBMSC-Exos, and hADSC-Exos), and their functional effects on human articular chondrocytes (hACs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>hiPSC-Exos, hBMSC-Exos, and hADSC-Exos were collected from the appropriate cells cultured in 10% bovine exosome-depleted fetal bovine serum (de-Exo-FBS) for 48 hours. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and bioinformatics were used to analyze the small RNA profiles of these exosomes. The biological functions of hACs were examined after a 12-day treatment with exosomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>hBMSC-Exos and hADSC-Exos had similar miRNA profiles but were largely different from hiPS-Exos. There were 17 highly expressed miRNAs in hiPSC-Exos, 13 miRNAs in hADSC-Exos, and 11 miRNAs in hBMSC-Exos. Among them, seven miRNAs overlapped between the hBMSC-Exos and hADSC-Exos, and only three of them (hsa-miR-16-5p, hsa-miR-25-3p, and hsa-miR-93-5p) overlapped among all three exosomes. The putative target genes of the three overlapping exosomal miRNAs, and high-scoring target genes, including MAN2A1, ZNFX1, PHF19, GPR137C, ENPP5, B3GALT2, FNIP1, PKD2, and FBXW7, were identified. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses revealed that these genes are involved in cell growth, bone ossification, and cartilage development/differentiation, possibly via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway. Accordingly, we confirmed the biological effect on cartilage differentiation and found that hiPSC-Exos, hBMSC-Exos, and hADSC-Exos maintained hAC viability, prevented senescence, promoted the formation of a normal cartilage matrix (glycosaminoglycan and type II collagen), and downregulated fibrocartilage matrix (type I collagen) in normal hACs. Comparatively, hBMSC-Exos had the greatest effect on hAC function.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Bioinformatics revealed differences and possible mechanisms of action of exosomes derived from pluripotent hiPSCs, multipotent hADSCs, and multipotent hBMSCs, and these exosomes effectively suppressed cell senescence and promoted normal functional extracellular matrix formation in hACs. Further investigations of the different functions of exosomes from pluripotent-hiPSCs other than those from multipotent-hMSCs are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":9074,"journal":{"name":"Bone & Joint Research","volume":"14 8","pages":"696-712"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12359900/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144871464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paclitaxel-mediated microtubule stabilization regulates flexor tendon repair in rats.","authors":"Juan Juan Yang, Si Wei Xu, Xu You Zhang, Wei Feng Mao, Ya Fang Wu","doi":"10.1302/2046-3758.148.BJR-2024-0484.R1","DOIUrl":"10.1302/2046-3758.148.BJR-2024-0484.R1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Tendon healing is a considerable challenge in hand surgery, and the outcome depends on the function of tenocytes and homeostasis of the extracellular matrix. Although microtubule dynamics play crucial roles in various cellular processes, their function in tenocytes remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of microtubule-targeting agents (paclitaxel and vincristine) on tenocytes, focusing on their influence on tenocyte proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis. The regulatory effects of microtubule polymerization on tendon healing were also evaluated in vivo.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 200 four-week-old female C57BL/6 mice were euthanized. Tenocytes were isolated from the flexor digitorum profundus tendons of the index, middle, and ring fingers of the hind paws. The tendon cells were exposed to various concentrations (0, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 200 nM) of paclitaxel or vincristine for 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours, respectively. A rat tendon injury model was established by transecting and repairing the flexor digitorum longus (FDL) tendon, and a paclitaxel-loaded GleMA hydrogel delivery system was applied locally.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that both paclitaxel-induced microtubule polymerization and vincristine-induced depolymerization increased the viability of tenocytes. However, only paclitaxel treatment facilitated cell proliferation and stimulated the reorganization of microtubules. Additionally, the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), type III collagen (Col III), and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) was significantly higher when the cells were treated with paclitaxel rather than vincristine treatment. In vivo analysis study using a hydrogel-paclitaxel delivery system revealed significantly improved digit flexion function, increased expression of Col III and MMP-3, and enhanced tissue repair in a rat FDL tendon injury model.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Paclitaxel-mediated microtubule polymerization promotes tenocyte proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis, ultimately improving tendon healing in a rat model of flexor tendon injury. These improvements were associated with elevated expression of Col III and MMP-3 in tenocytes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9074,"journal":{"name":"Bone & Joint Research","volume":"14 8","pages":"685-695"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12326205/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144788250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bone remodelling after application of traction forces to the lumbar spine in women with chronic low back pain.","authors":"Marzena Ratajczak, Krzysztof Kusy, Damian Skrypnik, Małgorzata Waszak, Piotr Krutki","doi":"10.1302/2046-3758.148.BJR-2024-0465.R1","DOIUrl":"10.1302/2046-3758.148.BJR-2024-0465.R1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of systematic lumbar traction, applied in 20 sessions over four weeks, on the size of vertebrae, bone mineral density (BMD), and bone turnover markers in women with chronic low back pain (LBP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 30 women with low back pain underwent 20 sessions of lumbar traction with a load of 25% to 30% of their body weight. Total body and lumbar spine BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and bone turnover markers were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with serum samples collected before the first traction session and 72 hours after the last traction session.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After traction, decreased BMD and T-scores, a decreased mean vertebra width, and an increased mean height of L1-L4 segments were observed. The concentration of cross-linked C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTXI) increased, while the concentration of receptor activator for nuclear factor κ B ligand (RANKL) decreased significantly after four weeks of traction. Sclerostin and procollagen 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) concentrations remained unchanged.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study is the first to show the influence of traction forces on BMD and markers of bone metabolism. Future research with a longer follow-up period after traction is needed to better explore the direction of change.</p>","PeriodicalId":9074,"journal":{"name":"Bone & Joint Research","volume":"14 8","pages":"674-684"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12318618/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144774671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating upper leg muscle volume : the reliability of thigh circumference measurement 10 cm above the patella.","authors":"Sotaro Kono, Kazuma Takashima, Keisuke Uemura, Hirokazu Mae, Keishi Takagi, Mazen Soufi, Yoshito Otake, Yoshinobu Sato, Nobuhiko Sugano, Seiji Okada, Hidetoshi Hamada","doi":"10.1302/2046-3758.148.BJR-2024-0216.R2","DOIUrl":"10.1302/2046-3758.148.BJR-2024-0216.R2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To use CT images and segmentation of the skin and muscles of the upper leg to determine a reliable location for measuring thigh circumference (TC) to assess the upper leg muscle volume and cross-sectional area (CSA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This research analyzed 140 limbs from 77 patients (22 male and 55 female) who had undergone CT imaging before hip surgery. The skin and individual upper leg muscles were automatically segmented from the CT images to measure the TC and CSA of each upper leg muscle across all axial slices. TC and CSA were measured from the patella upward at 1 cm up to 20 cm intervals, resulting in 21 analyses per limb. The volume of each muscle was calculated by adding the CSAs across all axial slices. Pearson's correlation was used to analyze the relationship between muscle volume and CSA to identify the level with the strongest correlation as the \"reliable\" level. The correlation coefficient and the regression equation were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The reliable level for muscle CSAs exhibiting the strongest correlation varied across the muscles, ranging from 9 to 20 cm from the patella. However, strong correlations were found between each muscle's TC, ranging from 0.64 to 0.83. In terms of muscle volume, 10 cm above the patella was found to be the reasonable level for predicting the volume of each muscle from TC. Moderate to strong correlations (ranging from 0.57 to 0.70) were found between the TC. To predict the muscle volume of the whole upper leg (cm³), the following equation was used: (TC at 10 cm from the patella) × 114.7-2,194.9.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TC measurement 10 cm above the patella is suitable for assessing upper leg muscle volume. Modifications in measurement levels across muscles may be needed to assess muscle CSAs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9074,"journal":{"name":"Bone & Joint Research","volume":"14 8","pages":"666-673"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12313360/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144759169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}