Bone & Joint Research最新文献

{"title":"Accurate quantification of the bacterial inoculum and tissue load in a preclinical model of implant-related infection.","authors":"Qi Sun, Dzenita Muratovic, Paul H Anderson, Rebecca Sawyer, Helen Tsangari, Lucian Bogdan Solomon, Gerald J Atkins, Dongqing Yang","doi":"10.1302/2046-3758.154.BJR-2025-0465.R1","DOIUrl":"10.1302/2046-3758.154.BJR-2025-0465.R1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Orthopaedic device-related infections are a major and growing clinical complication of joint arthroplasty surgery. Preclinical models are vital for developing strategies for prevention and treatment of these infections but suffer from imprecise determination of pathogen load during the experimental infection. We sought to establish a protocol for the accurate measurement of pathogen load using genome-based quantification in a preclinical implant-related infection model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> strain attachment to stainless steel pin implants was quantified using both colony-forming unit (CFU) counting and genome copy counting, utilizing droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR). An optimized protocol was then applied to a trans-tibial periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) mouse model. Pathological peri-implant bone loss and residual bacteria were monitored by in vivo micro-CT and immunostaining. Fixed and demineralized bone histological sections were used to measure bacterial tissue load by direct DNA isolation and ddPCR quantification, and host gene expression by reverse transcription ddPCR analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Attachment studies of strain ATCC25923 to pins revealed that bacterial load peaked and stabilized after 20 minutes, with ddPCR analysis showing superior reproducibility and higher yields than CFU counting: ddPCR (mean 46,532 genome copies/mm² (SD 14,413; 33,904 to 62,235), CFU: 3,751 CFU/mm² (SD 4,936; 743.1 to 9,448) . Similar findings were recorded for three other strains tested, demonstrating the inaccuracy of CFU analysis. Pins coated with ATCC25923 for 20 minutes were selected for the mouse model. At 18 days post-infection, ddPCR analysis of 20 mm tibial histological sections from individual mice demonstrated residual bacterial loads (mean bacterial genomes/µm) between mice of 1.50 to 3.46 (0.36 to 6.73) and 8.64 to 39.14 (5.27 to 47.86). The potential for performing transcriptomic analysis was also demonstrated using the above tissue section preparation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our approach of ddPCR quantification from histological sections offers improved accuracy and reproducibility for readouts of bacterial load from input to endpoint, independent of bacterial culturability, in a preclinical model of PJI.</p>","PeriodicalId":9074,"journal":{"name":"Bone & Joint Research","volume":"15 4","pages":"375-382"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13053133/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147627112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patellar luxation causes abnormal mechanical loading and joint destruction in the femoral-tibial joint.","authors":"Qinwen Ge, Zhenyu Shi, Xuefeng Li, Congzi Wu, Qi Sun, Weidong Wang, Luwei Xiao, Di Chen, Peijian Tong, Ping-Er Wang, Hongting Jin","doi":"10.1302/2046-3758.154.BJR-2025-0253.R1","DOIUrl":"10.1302/2046-3758.154.BJR-2025-0253.R1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Patellar luxation can cause abnormal mechanical loading and is a leading cause of patellofemoral joint damage, however its contribution to femoral-tibial joint damage is poorly elucidated. In this study, we sought to investigate the role of patellar luxation in the femoral-tibial joint in both mice and humans.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we generated a patellar luxation mouse model based on the standard operating procedure of destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) surgery which mimics osteoarthritis (OA). Then phenotypes including gait analysis, osteophyte formation, aberrant subchondral bone remodelling, cartilage degeneration, and synovitis of femoral-tibial joint were evaluated in vivo at eight weeks after surgery. Additionally, we also performed a retrospective study to investigate femoral-tibial joint characteristics in 18 patients with post-traumatic OA or recurrent patellar luxation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that patellar luxation caused abnormal gait and augmented osteophyte outgrowth around the tibial plateau and patella. Furthermore, micro-CT analysis showed that mice treated with patellar luxation operation exhibited aberrant subchondral bone remodelling. Intriguingly, according to Safranin-O/Fast Green staining, mice with patellar luxation showed better articular cartilage integrity and less cartilage proteoglycan damage in the medial compartment of the femoral-tibial joint. Moreover, either patellar luxation operation or DMM surgery promoted the expression of TNF-α and F4/80 in synovium tissue. However, mice subjected to patellar luxation exhibited aggressive cartilage erosion in the lateral compartment of the knee joint. In addition, the clinical study showed that patellar luxation was associated with lateral cartilage degeneration of the femoral-tibial joint.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study confirmed that lateral patellar luxation induced subchondral bone osteopenia, promoted osteophyte formation as well as synovial inflammation, and caused lateral cartilage rather than medial cartilage degeneration in the femoral-tibial joint.</p>","PeriodicalId":9074,"journal":{"name":"Bone & Joint Research","volume":"15 4","pages":"363-374"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13050585/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147621744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is three-phase bone scintigraphy really obsolete? : a combined TPBS-CRP diagnostic method.","authors":"Quan Chen, Yicheng Li, Xiaobin Guo, Wuhuzi Wlamu, Wenbo Mu, Baochao Ji, Li Cao, Xiaogang Zhang","doi":"10.1302/2046-3758.154.BJR-2025-0278.R1","DOIUrl":"10.1302/2046-3758.154.BJR-2025-0278.R1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Three-phase bone scintigraphy (TPBS) is a simple, reliable, and straightforward imaging modality for diagnosing periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the combined diagnostic method of TPBS and CRP in the detection of PJI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was performed on 317 patients undergoing revision surgery (211 hips and 106 knees) between January 2017 and January 2024, with TPBS obtained prior to surgical intervention. PJI was diagnosed according to the 2013 Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) criteria. The diagnostic performance of TPBS, CRP, and TPBS-CRP combined method was evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the total knee arthroplasty (TKA) cohort, TPBS-CRP achieved maximal sensitivity (100%) and negative predictive value (100%), enabling definitive exclusion of PJI, albeit with reduced specificity (50.0%). Antibiotic therapy significantly reduced CRP accuracy (79.1% vs 97.1%, p = 0.020) but minimally impacted TPBS (100% vs 88.6%, p = 0.037). For total hip arthroplasty (THA), the TPBS-CRP demonstrated a superior diagnostic efficacy (AUC = 0.846, 0.834, and 0.795) and demonstrated a more balanced sensitivity (81.6%, 67.3%, and 64.3%) and specificity (87.6%, 91.2%, and 94.7%) compared to CRP and TPBS. Antibiotic-treated patients exhibited significantly higher diagnostic accuracy for TPBS (81.5% vs 57.7%, p = 0.028), CRP (88.9% vs 59.2%, p = 0.005), and TPBS-CRP (96.3% vs 76.1%, p = 0.020) compared to untreated patients. False-positive TPBS cases in both cohorts exhibited severe bone loss and prolonged symptoms compared to true negatives (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TPBS demonstrates limited specificity in differentiating PJI from aseptic loosening. The TPBS-CRP synergizes localized bone metabolic profiles with systemic inflammatory biomarkers, achieving superior diagnostic accuracy. Caution is warranted in patients with severe bone loss and prolonged symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":9074,"journal":{"name":"Bone & Joint Research","volume":"15 4","pages":"354-362"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13044972/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147589803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OX40L in endothelial cells promotes temporomandibular joint subchondral bone angiogenesis and osteoclastogenesis in mice.","authors":"Yifan Zheng, Chufeng Liu, Zhihao Liao, Jiayu Lin, Yuxiao Luo, Xia Yang, Xuepei Cai, Zedong Lan","doi":"10.1302/2046-3758.154.BJR-2025-0249.R1","DOIUrl":"10.1302/2046-3758.154.BJR-2025-0249.R1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Subchondral vascular proliferation is a substantial pathological manifestation of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA), yet its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of OX40-OX40L signalling in mediating subchondral angiogenesis and osteoclastogenesis in early stage TMJOA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A unilateral anterior cross-bite (UAC) model was established in mice to induce TMJOA, and the expression of OX40L in subchondral vessels was examined at the early stages of the disease. In vitro, the OX40-OX40L pathway was activated in bone microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) to assess its effects on cell migration, tube formation, and osteoclast differentiation. An OX40L monoclonal antibody was used during in vivo experiments to block this signalling pathway.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed increased expression of OX40L in the subchondral vessels during early TMJOA, accompanied by significant bone destruction. OX40L activation enhanced endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis in vitro, whereas pathway inhibition reversed these effects and reduced osteoclast differentiation. In vivo, OX40L monoclonal antibody effectively alleviated subchondral angiogenesis and osteoclastogenesis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Endothelial OX40L signalling promotes pathological subchondral angiogenesis and osteoclastogenesis in early TMJOA.</p>","PeriodicalId":9074,"journal":{"name":"Bone & Joint Research","volume":"15 4","pages":"342-353"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13038371/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147589814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of neutrophils in the pathophysiology of knee osteoarthritis : a review.","authors":"Michal Štefančík, Stuart B Goodman, Jiří Gallo","doi":"10.1302/2046-3758.153.BJR-2025-0406.R1","DOIUrl":"10.1302/2046-3758.153.BJR-2025-0406.R1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is the most prevalent joint disorder, characterized by progressive damage to cartilage, subchondral bone, and other joint-associated tissues. While mechanical stress remains a core driver, evidence increasingly points to immune-mediated mechanisms as modulators/accelerators of disease progression. Among emerging contributors to KOA progression, neutrophils have recently gained attention for their role in modulating the intra- and periarticular environment. By releasing proteases (e.g. neutrophil elastase, myeloperoxidase), reactive oxygen species, and neutrophil extracellular traps, they create a mechanistic axis that directly cleaves extracellular matrix, induces chondrocyte apoptosis, and sustains fibroblast-like synoviocyte activation. Elevated neutrophil presence in synovial fluid has been associated with a distinct inflammatory KOA endotype, potentially reflecting a more aggressive disease course compared to neutrophil-poor joint environments. Recognizing neutrophils as initiators and amplifiers - rather than bystanders - opens a novel conceptual framework for targeted intervention and precision medicine in osteoarthritis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9074,"journal":{"name":"Bone & Joint Research","volume":"15 3","pages":"332-341"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13019511/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147509571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the impact of povidone-iodine irrigation on microbial contamination in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty.","authors":"Enrico Bellato, Filippo Castoldi, Francesca Menotti, Davide Blonna, Gabriele Vasario, Fabio Longo, Claudia Pagano, Maria Cristina Roccavilla, Alessandro Bondi, Giuliana Banche, Valeria Allizond","doi":"10.1302/2046-3758.153.BJR-2025-0460.R2","DOIUrl":"10.1302/2046-3758.153.BJR-2025-0460.R2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>One of the primary causes of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) is intraoperative contamination. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of povidone-iodine irrigation in reducing bacterial contamination of the surgical field during primary RTSA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 65 patients were prospectively included (mean age 74.1 years (SD 7.9); 43 female, 22 male). Patients with fractures, osteonecrosis, tumours, or previous surgical treatment failures, as well as those who had received recent antibiotic or infiltrative therapy, were excluded. At the end of the surgery, six different samples were collected. The first set of three samples - one swab from the glenosphere, one from the humeral component, and one from the periprosthetic tissue - were obtained before irrigation (using a 0.35% povidone-iodine solution diluted with saline). The second set of three samples was taken from the same sites, but after irrigation. The six samples were processed to perform both qualitative and quantitative assessments of the microbial load.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>Cutibacterium acnes</i> was the only anaerobic strain recovered, found in both swabs and periprosthetic tissues, while the aerobic flora included gram-positive bacteria - mainly coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) - and few gram-negative species. Povidone-iodine irrigation significantly reduced both the positivity rates and bacterial loads of <i>C. acnes</i> and CoNS. <i>C. acnes</i> loads decreased from ~10³ to ~10² colony-forming units (CFUs)/ml, and CoNS loads decreased from ~10¹ to nearly zero CFUs/ml. The time to culture positivity for <i>C. acnes</i> depended on the bacterial load, ranging from three to five days (≥ 10³ CFUs/ml) to > six days (≤ 10² CFUs/ml), while the aerobes grew faster (one to four days). Higher <i>C. acnes</i> positivity and loads were associated with male sex and the use of cuff tear arthropathy as a surgical indication.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Intraoperative irrigation with povidone-iodine is significantly effective in reducing bacterial contamination rates during RTSA surgery, despite <i>C. acnes</i> being less susceptible than CoNS.</p>","PeriodicalId":9074,"journal":{"name":"Bone & Joint Research","volume":"15 3","pages":"322-331"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13019512/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147509610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomechanical properties of a new 3D-printed customized anatomical total wrist prosthesis : a quasi-dynamic finite element analysis.","authors":"Yukun Xiao, Xiaoqi Tan, Jinhui Liu, Jiyuan Yan, Yunkang Yang, Feifan Xiang","doi":"10.1302/2046-3758.153.BJR-2024-0425.R3","DOIUrl":"10.1302/2046-3758.153.BJR-2024-0425.R3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Current total wrist prostheses have defects, and their design requires further refinement. Therefore, we designed a novel customized anatomical total wrist prosthesis (CATWP) using 3D printing techniques, and evaluated its biomechanical properties.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The 3D wrist joint model and the models of the CATWP and Universal2 prosthesis were established based on biomechanical finite element analysis. The mechanical structure, stress distribution, joint surface contact patterns, and centre of rotation (COR) were compared between the designed prosthesis, Universal2 prosthesis, and a normal wrist joint.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the Universal2 prosthesis, the CATWP effectively reduced the stress of the prosthesis (carpal platform and screws: maximum (Max), 65.27 MPa; radial shank: Max, 2.09 MPa) and the adjacent bone tissue (carpal bones: Max, 33.84 MPa), with a more uniform distribution. The contact stress curve of the distal/proximal joint surface became more stable during the ulnar-radial deviation movements than the Universal2 prosthesis (distal: Max, 13.47 MPa; proximal: Max, 16.42 MPa). The COR was located near the curvature centre of the prosthesis. Compared with the Universal2 prosthesis, the displacement fluctuation of the COR was effectively reduced by CATWP.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The CATWP may outperform the Universal2 prosthesis in terms of restoring comprehensive wrist joint mobility and achieving a more uniform stress load distribution. However, further studies are required to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":9074,"journal":{"name":"Bone & Joint Research","volume":"15 3","pages":"311-321"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13016165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147509622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Finite element study of the role of medial longitudinal arch in hallux valgus deformity.","authors":"Yijun Zhang, Chengjie Yuan, Xiangyu Du, Xiao Long, Jian Xu","doi":"10.1302/2046-3758.153.BJR-2025-0021.R2","DOIUrl":"10.1302/2046-3758.153.BJR-2025-0021.R2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>A better understanding of the function of the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) in hallux valgus (HV) may guide medical management strategies. The current study recreated 3D finite element foot models to assess the change in joint and soft-tissue stress in the MLA associated with different severities of HV. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between flatfoot deformity (FFD) and HV.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All bones, cartilage, the plantar fascia (PF), the spring ligament (SL), the lateral and medial ligaments, the tibiofibular syndesmosis, posterior tibial tendon (PTT), and other tendons around the ankle were included, considering their anatomical distribution and biomechanical characteristics. The FE models, including the normal, mild, and severe HV with the PF attenuation, were constructed simulating flexible FFD. The foot plantar pressure distribution, the equivalent stress on the joint's articular surface of the MLA, and the maximum principal stress of the medial ligaments in the ankle were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The plantar pressure distribution in the medial foot area increased with the severity of HV, and it elevated while combined with MLA collapse. The stress in the first metatarsal shaft and phalanx decreased, while the other metatarsal shafts and phalanxes increased with the severity of HV. The equivalent stress of all the joints in the MLA increased when the MLA collapsed in HV. All the medial ligaments increased when the MLA collapsed in HV.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings support the correlation between HV and FFD. A better understanding of the association between HV and FFD could lead to novel approaches for therapeutic management and prevention of disease progression. Future research should evaluate different levels of HV severity and investigate other intrinsic factors contributing to HV.</p>","PeriodicalId":9074,"journal":{"name":"Bone & Joint Research","volume":"15 3","pages":"300-310"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13014325/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147509613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fracture morphological characteristics and associated soft-tissue injuries in flexion varus tibial plateau fractures.","authors":"Teng Ye, Binghao Wang, Xuetao Xie, Luhao Sun, Yukai Wang, Binbin Zhang, Yi Zhu, Congfeng Luo","doi":"10.1302/2046-3758.153.BJR-2025-0007.R2","DOIUrl":"10.1302/2046-3758.153.BJR-2025-0007.R2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Flexion varus tibial plateau fracture (FVTPF) is associated with a substantial reoperation rate and poor outcomes. This study aims to clarify its fracture characteristics, investigate concomitant ligament and meniscus injuries, and explore correlations between fracture morphology and soft-tissue involvement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>FVTPF patients with available CT and MRI data were included. Fracture mapping was used to present the fracture line and depression area in a spatial manner. Fracture morphological parameters were measured on CT, and ligament and meniscus injuries were assessed on MRI. Association between fracture morphological parameters and ligament/meniscus injuries was analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was adopted to determine the reliable fracture parameter for diagnosing lateral meniscus (LM) entrapment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 108 patients who met the inclusion criteria. The medial fragment of FVTPF exhibited various morphological patterns, with the posterolateral depression area representing a mean 16.7% (SD 7.0) of the entire plateau. FVTPF cases with comminuted medial fragments were associated with greater lateral plateau widening, maximal depression depth, and medial plateau displacement (p < 0.001, respectively). The rate of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) avulsion fractures was 85.2% (92 patients). The rate of overall LM injuries was 54.6% (59 patients), which was significantly higher in FVTPF cases with comminuted medial fragments (80.0% (24 patients), p = 0.001). ROC analysis revealed that maximal depression depth was a favourable predictor for LM entrapment, with a cut-off point of 18.4 mm (sensitivity 88.9%; specificity 94.4%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FVTPF showed various morphologies of the main medial fragment, with the depression area located in the posterolateral plateau. The ACL avulsion fractures were predominant in FVTPF, followed by LM injuries. FVTPF cases with comminuted medial fragments were associated with a significantly higher rate of LM injuries. Among the bony fracture parameters, maximal depression depth showed a considerable value in predicting LM entrapment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9074,"journal":{"name":"Bone & Joint Research","volume":"15 3","pages":"288-299"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13010364/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147503013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proximal hamstring reconstruction with a semitendinosus tendon allograft exhibits superior time-zero biomechanical properties compared to reconstruction with an Achilles tendon allograft.","authors":"Haruki Nishimura, Shintaro Mukohara, Kiminari Kataoka, Justin F M Hollenbeck, Amelia H Drumm, Natalie Cortes, Wyatt H Buchalter, Soshi Uchida, Marc J Philippon","doi":"10.1302/2046-3758.153.BJR-2025-0231.R1","DOIUrl":"10.1302/2046-3758.153.BJR-2025-0231.R1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Chronic proximal hamstring tendon injuries sometimes require surgical reconstruction using a certain type of tendon graft. Although a distal hamstring and an Achilles tendon are the previously reported allograft options for this procedure, it remains unclear which allograft has superior biomechanical properties. The objective is to biomechanically compare the failure load, elongation at failure, and stiffness of proximal hamstring reconstruction techniques, using a semitendinosus tendon allograft and an Achilles tendon allograft. We hypothesized that the reconstruction, using a semitendinosus tendon allograft, would result in superior biomechanical properties.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eight pairs of fresh-frozen human cadaveric hemipelvises were obtained, along with Achilles tendon and semitendinosus allografts. Specimens first underwent non-destructive native-state testing to determine linear stiffness. Within each pair, specimens were randomly assigned to reconstruction with either an Achilles tendon or a semitendinosus allograft. Following repair, the specimens underwent uniaxial tension testing consisting of a preconditioning phase and pull-to-failure testing to determine failure load, elongation at failure, stiffness, and mode of failure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Achilles tendon allograft group failed at a significantly lower mean load than the semitendinosus group (213 N (SD 48) vs 366 N (SD 85); p = 0.005). Failure in the Achilles group occurred exclusively via suture pullout at the proximal end of the graft. Repairs with semitendinosus grafts most often failed by the same mechanism. Mean percent difference of native stiffness was significantly higher in the Achilles group compared to the semitendinosus group (34.4% (SD 14.1%) vs 13.1% (SD 6.4%); p = 0.003).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Proximal hamstring reconstruction with a semitendinosus tendon allograft showed higher failure load and better preservation of native stiffness compared to an Achilles tendon allograft using the techniques described in this study. While construct differences may contribute to this result, these findings support semitendinosus as the strongest allograft option for proximal hamstring reconstruction.</p>","PeriodicalId":9074,"journal":{"name":"Bone & Joint Research","volume":"15 3","pages":"278-287"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13007266/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147497705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}