Bioresources and Bioprocessing最新文献

{"title":"Bacillus subtilis extracellular vesicles surface-displaying superoxide dismutase attenuate alcoholic liver injury by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 axis.","authors":"Baoxian Li, Jiali Chen, Chaozhi Wei, You Wei, Chunqiang Pan, Tao Liu, Qingchi Wang, Shiyu Li, Yao Zhao, Mengyu Zhang, Chenfan Sun, Chengran Guan, Domenico Nuzzo, Jintao Cheng, Yuanxiang Jin, Guiling Yang","doi":"10.1186/s40643-026-01112-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40643-026-01112-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) represents a globally prevalent progressive hepatic disorder with continuously rising incidence. Its pathological mechanisms mainly stem from the direct toxic effects of alcohol metabolites, accompanied by aggravated oxidative stress, lipid overaccumulation and inflammatory infiltration.. While current therapies that act on these pathogenic mechanisms alleviate symptoms, they are often limited by gastrointestinal adverse effects and long-term hepatic metabolic burden. Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs), emerging as natural carriers of bioactive molecules and mediators of intercellular communication, offer a novel hepatoprotective strategy against alcoholic liver injury. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), as a crucial antioxidant, has been extensively verified for its capacity to eliminate free radicals. Here, we leverage the advantages of BEVs and the multiple effects of SOD, utilizing surface display technology to locate SOD in Bacillus subtilis 168-derived EVs (termed SEVs). In vitro simulated digestive fluids experiment confirms the stability and digestive resistance of SEVs, while in vivo biodistribution assays demonstrate the liver-targeting capability. In ethanol-exposed hepatocytes, SEVs significantly attenuate reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and lipid deposition. In a murine ALD model, SEVs administration reduces hepatic steatosis, serum transaminase levels, and inflammatory infiltration. Mechanistically, SEVs activate the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway, a key regulator of cellular redox balance and inflammation, thereby counteracting oxidative damage and inflammatory reaction caused by alcohol stimulation. Notably, SEVs exhibit superior biocompatibility without inducing secondary hepatic burden. Our findings emphasize the dual advantages of SEVs as liver-targeted delivery vehicles and multifunctional liver-protective agents, highlighting their translational potential for ALD management.</p>","PeriodicalId":9067,"journal":{"name":"Bioresources and Bioprocessing","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13569742/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148954928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidating the beneficial effects of gut microbiota-derived metabolites in treating hepatocellular carcinoma: an integrated network pharmacology, molecular docking, and single-cell sequencing analysis.","authors":"Jinlin Huo, Wenqian Song, Yuan Sun, Jun Lu, Maolin Wang","doi":"10.1186/s40643-026-01129-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40643-026-01129-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. While accumulating evidence has highlighted the beneficial effects of gut microbiota (GM)-derived metabolites in HCC treatment, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We retrieved GM-derived metabolites from gutMGene v2.0, acquired their targets using the Similarity Ensemble Approach (SEA) and Swiss Target Prediction (STP), and identified HCC-related targets from public databases. Overlapping targets were then obtained via Venn diagram analysis. We constructed protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, analyzed signaling pathways, and established a comprehensive microbiota-metabolite-target-disease (M-M-T-D) network. We also examined the correlation between core gene expression and overall survival in HCC patients using UALCAN and GEPIA2. Single-cell transcriptomic data from TISCH2 were analyzed to explore the cellular distribution of core genes. To identify candidate compounds, we evaluated the ADMET properties of metabolites and determined the compound with the highest binding affinity via molecular docking. Ultimately, 8 core targets (AKT1, IL6, PPARG, IL1B, JUN, NFKB1, CASP3, and PTGS2) were identified. These targets interacted with seven core metabolites (10-oxo-12(Z)-octadecenoic acid, genipin, 3-indolepropionic acid, succinate, acetate, propionate, and butyrate) through the M-M-T-D network to exert inhibitory effects on HCC. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis revealed that core gene expression was correlated with the tumor microenvironment (TME) of HCC. Molecular docking confirmed that 3-indolepropionic acid exhibited the strongest binding affinity to the core targets. Collectively, GM-derived metabolites exert beneficial effects against HCC by regulating multiple signaling pathways and targets, supporting their potential as therapeutic candidates.</p>","PeriodicalId":9067,"journal":{"name":"Bioresources and Bioprocessing","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13570865/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148954983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracellular vesicles derived from the lactic acid bacterium Enterococcus rotai suppress melanogenesis by modulating the cAMP-MITF pathway.","authors":"Yunsik Kim, Jin Hee Lee, Eun-Gyung Cho","doi":"10.1186/s40643-026-01121-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40643-026-01121-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enterococcus rotai CMTB-CA6-derived extracellular vesicles (CA6-ErEVs), isolated from a Centella asiatica-associated lactic acid bacterium, were investigated for their potential to modulate oxidative stress, inflammation, and melanogenesis in skin cells. CA6-ErEVs were purified and characterized using standardized nanoparticle analyses. Functional assays demonstrated that CA6-ErEVs displayed robust antioxidant activity by reducing free radical accumulation and intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. In tumor necrosis factor-α-stimulated dermal fibroblasts, CA6-ErEVs attenuated the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and reduced matrix degradation while promoting procollagen synthesis. In α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-activated murine and human melanocytes, CA6-ErEVs markedly suppressed melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity, accompanied by the downregulation of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and key melanogenic enzymes including tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1, and tyrosinase-related protein 2. Mechanistically, CA6-ErEVs reduced intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels through intrinsic phosphodiesterase activity, thereby inhibiting the cAMP-MITF signaling axis and oxidative pathways involved in melanogenesis. Collectively, CA6-ErEVs exhibit integrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimelanogenic effects through phosphodiesterase-mediated suppression of cAMP signaling and regulation of cellular redox balance. These findings highlight bacterial EVs derived from E. rotai as promising bioactive candidates for further development in the management of hyperpigmentation and improving cutaneous homeostasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9067,"journal":{"name":"Bioresources and Bioprocessing","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13570877/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148954921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic- and inducer-free biosynthesis of indican from crude glycerol using engineered probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917.","authors":"Li-Jing Mao, Jia-Qi Su, Yu-Lan Mo, Jing Wang, Fu-Cheng He, Min Xiong, Yong-Jun Liu, Feng-Qing Wang, Liang-Bin Xiong","doi":"10.1186/s40643-026-01131-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40643-026-01131-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chemical synthesis of indigo relies on aniline and formaldehyde feedstocks, inevitably generating carcinogenic byproducts and imposing severe environmental burdens, driving the urgent demand for sustainable bio-manufacturing alternatives. As a water-soluble glycoside precursor of indigo, indican circumvents the cytotoxicity and product accumulation issues caused by hydrophobic indigo precipitation, emerging as an ideal intermediate for green indigo production. Herein, we developed an antibiotic- and inducer-free biosynthesis platform using the probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN). By harnessing its native high-copy plasmids, constitutive expression of the flavin-containing monooxygenase FMO^K223R and glycosyltransferase PtUGT1 was achieved to enable the de novo synthesis of indican. To redirect metabolic flux toward indican accumulation, competing pathways were blocked via inactivation of pheA, tyrA, pykA and ppc, while disruption of the trpR gene alleviated feedback inhibition to the tryptophan biosynthetic pathway. Combined overexpression of rate-limiting genes tnaA and the feedback-resistant trpE^S40F synergistically enhanced indican accumulation. Further semi-rational mutagenesis of PtUGT1(S112A), coupled with fusion expression optimization, substantially elevated indican titers to 449.3 mg/L in shake-flask cultivation, and crude glycerol-fed-batch fermentation reached a peak titer of 1923.2 mg/L at 32 h. This study demonstrates that the EcN endogenous plasmid engineering eliminates dependence on antibiotics and inducers, establishing a robust and eco-friendly alternative to traditional chemical synthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9067,"journal":{"name":"Bioresources and Bioprocessing","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13570848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148954955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A second-sphere variant of cytochrome P450 PbdA improves turnover and apparent coupling in veratrate oxidation.","authors":"Haiyan Song, Zeyang Li, Andong Li, Xinyu Cui, Shangxian Xie, Zhiguang Zhu","doi":"10.1186/s40643-026-01130-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40643-026-01130-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Efficient use of reducing equivalents is critical for productive turnover in cytochrome P450 redox enzymes, yet improving activity without compromising substrate affinity remains challenging. Here, we engineered the second-sphere region of PbdA, a cytochrome P450 from Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 that catalyzes veratrate oxidation, and identified position 242 as a functionally sensitive site. The hydrophobic D242V variant approximately doubled the catalytic turnover number, k_cat, while largely preserving substrate binding affinity. By quantifying NADH consumption and product formation, we found that D242V increased apparent coupling efficiency from 43.88% to 57.30%. Molecular dynamics simulations suggested that V242 remodels active-site hydration, reducing local water occupancy, which may help limit nonproductive uncoupling. Pathways analysis further revealed modest differences in the sampling of putative electron-transfer geometries, which correlated with the observed kinetic improvement but should be interpreted as a relative structural descriptor rather than direct evidence for altered electron-transfer rates. Finally, coupling engineered PbdA with glyoxylate carboligase enabled in situ formaldehyde scavenging and glycolaldehyde synthesis, achieving approximately 90% substrate conversion and 70% glycolaldehyde yield. These results suggest that while the second-sphere generally accommodates a highly restrictive mutational landscape, precise substitutions at isolated sensitive nodes (such as position 242) can occasionally fine-tune turnover and apparent coupling in P450-catalyzed veratrate oxidation, providing a basis for related biocatalytic cascades.</p>","PeriodicalId":9067,"journal":{"name":"Bioresources and Bioprocessing","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13562471/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148928966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-cell density two-stage self-cycling fermentation system for the enhanced production of ethanol from steam-exploded poplar hydrolysate.","authors":"Yueh-Hao Ronny Hung, David C Bressler, Dominic Sauvageau","doi":"10.1186/s40643-026-01095-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40643-026-01095-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The economics of lignocellulosic ethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae remain a challenge due to low product yields, which can be partially addressed by improving the performance of pretreatment optimization and fermentation systems, an aspect that has received limited attention. In this study, we investigated how the combination of self-cycling fermentation (SCF) with continuous adapted feeding (controlled by evolved gas) in a two-stage system could improve bioethanol production from steam-exploded poplar hydrolysates. This system benefited from the improved productivity associated with SCF and from the high titers obtained in fed-batch operation. The system consisted of a first fed-batch SCF stage, which led to approximately two-fold improvements in cell dry weight compared to conventional batch culture and low residual glucose (< 0.5 g/L), demonstrating efficient substrate utilization by the yeast. The second high-cell density SCF stage was initiated upon reaching a metabolic threshold by adding a pulse feed in the harvested medium to further enhance ethanol titer and productivity. The patterns of glucose consumption, ethanol production, and evolved gas flow rate were all reproducible between the SCF cycles. The two-stage fermentation approach led to final ethanol titer of ~ 11% (v/v) with an overall yield of 0.453 g/g and productivity of 1.33 g/L/h (a 30% improvement over the first stage). Overall, this study presents a robust two-stage high-cell density SCF system for lignocellulosic ethanol production and highlights the feasibility and potential of implementing it in biorefinery processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9067,"journal":{"name":"Bioresources and Bioprocessing","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13545163/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148890908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering Thermothelomyces heterothallica for cellobionate production.","authors":"Bakht Zada, Hamidreza Shapouri, Jiajie Wang, Sumit Sharma, Takao Kasuga, Noelia Valbuena, Ronen Tchelet, Mark Emalfarb, Zhiliang Fan","doi":"10.1186/s40643-026-01126-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40643-026-01126-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, a thermophilic cellulolytic filamentous fungus Thermothelomyces heterothallica was engineered for direct production of cellobionic acid (CBA) from alkali-pretreated wheat straw without the addition of external cellulases. The CBA bioproduction pathway was established through sequential disruption of genes involved in cellobiose and CBA catabolism, including eight β-glucosidases, one cellobiose/cellobionate phosphorylase, and two putative cellobionate transporters using a ribonucleoprotein (RNP)-based CRISPR-Cas9 system. The resulting T. heterothallica strain, TH11, was able to produce cellobionate from cellobiose and pretreated wheat straw at a high yield. Further optimization of fermentation pH using 50 mM citrate buffer (pH 6.0) increased the final cellobionate concentration. Fermentation temperature optimization showed that 43 °C accelerated substrate conversion without significantly affecting final titers. The engineered strain, TH11 produces 64 mM of cellobionate in 5 days. The cellulose conversion was about 88%, and the yield of the cellobionate from the consumed cellulose was about 96%. The new strain provides a promising platform for direct bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass into value-added aldonic acids without any enzyme addition.</p>","PeriodicalId":9067,"journal":{"name":"Bioresources and Bioprocessing","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13542005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148886259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the mechanism of metabolites derived from gut microbiota in the treatment of acute kidney injury via network pharmacology and bioinformatics.","authors":"Weiguo Yao, Jinlin Huo, Kun Liu, Pengyu Tao","doi":"10.1186/s40643-026-01122-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40643-026-01122-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute kidney injury (AKI) affects a considerable proportion of patients that represents a major challenge for clinical treatment. Gut microbiota metabolites have been reported to attenuate acute kidney injury (AKI), yet their underlying mechanisms remain largely elusive. The present study aimed to explore the protective mechanisms of these metabolites against AKI using.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The targets of metabolites and AKI were obtained from public databases. The PPI network is utilized to identify the core targets. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were employed to predict significant pathway and biological functions. The Gut-Metabolites-Targets-Pathway network (G-M-T-P) network was constructed to screen the core metabolites. Furthermore, molecular docking was applied to evaluate the binding affinities between the metabolites and their candidate targets.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 84 overlapping targets between gut microbiota metabolites and AKI were acquired. The beneficial effects of gut microbiota metabolites were associated with the regulation of inflammatory response and hypoxia. HIF-1 pathway was identified as the significant pathway mediating the effects of metabolites. STAT3, HIF1A, NFKB1, IL6 and AKT1 were identified as the core therapeutic targets of metabolites against AKI. The G-M-T-P network identified acetate, butyrate, propionate, and 3-indolepropionic acid as the core metabolites. The core metabolites exhibited strong affinity binding affinity for the core targets, suggesting their potential application in candidate drug development.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlights that the promising effects of gut microbiota metabolites in AKI treatment through modulating multi targets and pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":9067,"journal":{"name":"Bioresources and Bioprocessing","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13538316/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148878856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Process intensification for the protein production from microalgae: a comprehensive review.","authors":"Arijit Nath, Abubakar Saleh Ahmad, Munkhnasan Enkhbold, Fatma Elzhraa, Gabriella Kiskó","doi":"10.1186/s40643-026-01118-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40643-026-01118-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microalgae (predominantly unicellular photosynthetic eukaryotes) has been recognized as a \"protein bio-factory\" because they may produce up to 70% of protein (dry basis). Advantageous aspects of proteins from microalgae compared to conventional animal- and plant-based proteins were proven. Numerous review articles have addressed the effects of composition of cultivation medium and operational parameters to obtain high protein yield from microalgae. Nevertheless, several critical limitations remain for the industrial expansions of the production of proteins from microalgae. Presently, process intensification is considered a strategic approach for the scalable production of proteins from microalgae, achieved by implementing mutagenic and recombinant strains, increasing productivity through high-cell-density cultivation strategies, using cold-adapted microalgae and minimizing equipment footprint via integrating multiple unit operations into a more efficient and compact system. Different strategies of random mutagenesis (chemical: ethyl methane sulfonate-mediated, physical: heavy-ion irradiation-mediated and ultraviolet-mediated) have been employed to get the desired phenotype of microalgae for higher protein yield. Emerging genetic engineering approaches, including the design of expression vectors, identification of genetic regulatory elements, and genetic transformation methods, along with bioinformatics algorithms, have been employed to develop recombinant strains of microalgae with higher protein yield. Combined cultivation systems, such as sequential heterotrophic-autotrophic system, switching of nitrogen-rich cultivation medium from nitrogen-deficient medium and mixotrophic system have come to the forefront. In this review article, process intensification strategies for the production of proteins from microalgae are comprehensively discussed, with special emphasis on the development of mutant and recombinant strains, strategies of cultivation and decisive operational parameters of bioreactor operation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9067,"journal":{"name":"Bioresources and Bioprocessing","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13534408/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148873007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production from halophiles: a comprehensive review.","authors":"Nadana Raja Vadivu Ganapathy, Sakshi Singh, Shivansh Ranawat, Navya Hada, Mugesh Sankaranarayanan, Punniyakotti Parthipan","doi":"10.1186/s40643-026-01119-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40643-026-01119-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The growing environmental impact of petroleum-based plastics has intensified the search for sustainable and biodegradable alternatives. Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), a microbial polyester from the polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) family, has emerged as a promising biopolymer due to its biodegradability, biocompatibility, and thermoplastic qualities that rival those of conventional polymers. Halophilic bacteria have attracted considerable attention among PHB-producing microorganisms because they thrive in hypersaline environments, enabling non-sterile cultivation, reducing contamination risks, and facilitating cost-effective downstream recovery by osmotic cell lysis. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent improvements in PHB production by halophilic bacteria, covering physiological adaptations, metabolic pathways, substrate usage, fermentation techniques, and bioreactor optimisation. Particular emphasis is placed on the use of agro-industrial residues and waste-derived feedstocks as sustainable carbon sources to reduce production costs and increase circular bioeconomy results. Recent advances in downstream processing, such as green extraction technologies, metabolic engineering, CRISPR-based gene editing, and synthetic biology approaches to increasing PHB productivity, are critically reviewed. Additionally, developments in polymer modification, life cycle assessment, industrial scalability, regulatory frameworks, and potential applications in packaging, agriculture, and biomedical engineering are discussed. Despite significant progress, issues such as process economics, saline wastewater control, polymer brittleness, and large-scale commercialisation remain. Integrating halophilic biotechnology with waste valorisation, green recovery technologies, sophisticated metabolic engineering, and circular biorefinery concepts offers a promising strategy for developing economically and environmentally sustainable PHB production systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":9067,"journal":{"name":"Bioresources and Bioprocessing","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13534391/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148873024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}