Bioresources and Bioprocessing最新文献

{"title":"Changes in microbial composition during flue-cured tobacco aging and their effects on chemical composition: a review.","authors":"Yangyang Yu, Yongfeng Yang, Tao Jia, Hang Zhou, Yao Qiu, Mengyao Sun, Hongli Chen","doi":"10.1186/s40643-025-00883-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40643-025-00883-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aging is a crucial stage in tobacco processing, which contributes to the reduction of impurities and irritation, and the stabilization of the internal chemical composition of the leaves. However, it usually takes a long time (2-3 years) for the nature aging process of tobacco (20 °C-30 °C, relative humidity of 65-75%), which seriously affects the processing efficiency of tobacco. Microorganisms play an important role in the change of chemical composition and characteristic aromatic substances of tobacco. Acinetobacter, Sphingomonas Aspergillus, Bacilli, and Pseudonocardia is the main microorganism in the aging process of tobacco, which increasing the aromatic substances (such as alcohols, ketones, and esters) by the action of the enzymes and metabolites, and degrade the harmful components (such as alkaloid, nicotine and nitrosamines in tobacco). This review systematically summarizes recent advancements in understanding the primary microbial composition and the changes in chemical composition during tobacco aging. This knowledge is helpful for screening functional strains, and control the process of tobacco aging by the inoculation of these strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":9067,"journal":{"name":"Bioresources and Bioprocessing","volume":"12 1","pages":"43"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12095124/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144109646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teredinibacter turnerae secretome highlights key enzymes for plant cell wall degradation.","authors":"Lyle Ijssel P De Guzman, Renato C Carpina, Joan Catherine A Chua, Eizadora T Yu","doi":"10.1186/s40643-025-00876-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-025-00876-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) are crucial in the sustainable production of fuels and raw materials from recalcitrant plant cell wall polysaccharides (PCWPs). Teredinibacter turnerae, a symbiont of wood-boring shipworms, is a prolific degrader of plant biomass, largely due to the extensive CAZyme repertoire in its genome. To identify key enzymes involved in PCWP utilization, we analyzed the secretomes of T. turnerae E7MBN strain grown on sucrose, major PCWPs (cellulose, xylan, and pectin), and residual rice hull biomass using mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Our results show that T. turnerae E7MBN exhibits minimal enzyme secretion across various carbon sources, where secretomes mostly display similar functional profiles. Enzymatic complexity varied with the substrate, with cellulose-grown secretome being the most complex and comprising the majority of secreted CAZymes. These CAZymes contain domains that primarily target cellulose, hemicellulose, or pectin, notably including multicatalytic enzymes that are consistently found in the secretome and are likely central to biomass degradation. In contrast, the xylan-grown secretome displayed a more specific response, secreting only a single bifunctional hemicellulase, E7_MBN_00081, also identified as a core component of the bacteria's enzymatic repertoire. Meanwhile, the pectin-grown secretome consists of multiple tonB-dependent receptors, which, along with isomerases, are considered common secretome constituents. E7MBN also demonstrated the capability to utilize rice hull biomass, predominantly secreting proteins previously identified under cellulose. Protein-protein interaction network analysis further revealed functional associations between CAZymes and several uncharacterized proteins, which include CBM-containing redox enzymes and a putative xylan-acting protein, thus offering new insights into their potential role in lignocellulose degradation. Overall, our work contributes to our understanding of enzymatic strategies employed by T. turnerae for PCWP deconstruction and highlights its potential as a promising source of CAZymes for sustainable biomass conversion.</p>","PeriodicalId":9067,"journal":{"name":"Bioresources and Bioprocessing","volume":"12 1","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12055684/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143959400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering a newly identified alcohol dehydrogenase from Sphingobium Sp. for efficient utilization of nicotinamide cofactors biomimetics.","authors":"Yichun Zhu, Jieyu Zhou, Xiangyuan Gu, Huiru Wang, Hao Han, Ye Ni","doi":"10.1186/s40643-025-00870-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-025-00870-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nicotinamide cofactor biomimetics (NCBs) serve as low-cost alternatives to the expensive NAD(P)⁺/NAD(P)H, holding significant potential for applications in oxidoreductases. In this study, an alcohol dehydrogenase (SpADH2) from Sphingobium sp. SYK-6 was identified for the utilization of synthetic NCBs. SpADH2 exhibited a catalytic activity of 11.55 U/g in oxidation of syringyl alcohol when utilizing para-3-carbamoyl-1-(4-carboxybenzyl)pyridin-1-ium (p-BANA⁺) as cofactor. Semi-rational engineering of SpADH2 led to identification of key variants (H43L, A290I, H43L/A290I) with enhanced catalytic efficiency and specificity using p-BANA⁺ as the cofactor. Compared with wild-type, variant H43L/A290I exhibited a 7-fold increase in activity and an astonishing 6750-fold improvement in cofactor specificity ratio. Enzymatic characterization reveals that the substrate spectrum of SpADH2 could change significantly when utilizing different totally synthetic NCBs (tsNCBs). Furthermore, interaction analysis demonstrates critical roles of residues 43 and 290 in anchoring and release of p-BANA⁺. This study identified a natural ADH capable of utilizing totally synthetic NCBs, which has never been reported. Importantly, our results provide valuable ADH candidates for potential synthetic biology and industrial developments, and offer valuable guidance for identification and engineering ADHs toward utilizing NCBs as cofactors with improved catalytic performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":9067,"journal":{"name":"Bioresources and Bioprocessing","volume":"12 1","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12052742/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143972954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Qu-aroma of medium-high temperature Daqu from different production areas using sensory evaluation, E-nose, and GC-MS/O analysis.","authors":"Jie Deng, Jia Zheng, Xing Li, Dan Huang, Guangbin Ye, Huibo Luo","doi":"10.1186/s40643-025-00863-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-025-00863-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Qu-aroma is a critical quality indicator for medium-high temperature Daqu (MT-Daqu). Due to the differences in regional and environmental conditions, these differences are likely to cause variations in the Qu-aroma of MT-Daqu. Despite this, comprehensive research on the variations in Qu-aroma across different regions has been lacking. This study aims to address this gap to analyze the differences in Qu-aroma characteristics of MT-Daqu from seven distinct production areas. Sensory analysis identified seven broad aroma categories and 25 specific aromas characterizing the Qu-aroma of MT-Daqu samples. Chen aroma and roasted aroma were notably more prevalent in MT-Daqu samples from Sichuan compared to those from other regions (P < 0.05). In total, 123 volatile compounds were detected in MT-Daqu, with 42 classified as aroma-active compounds. Among these, 21 aroma-active compounds were identified as markers distinguishing Sichuan MT-Daqu from those produced in non-Sichuan regions, showing significant differences in their concentrations (P < 0.05). Additionally, six major aroma-active compounds were found to significantly contribute to the aroma differences between Sichuan and non-Sichuan MT-Daqu. This study delineates the distinct Qu-aroma characteristics of MT-Daqu from various SAB production areas. The insights gained from this research offer valuable guidance for optimizing flavor profiles in MT-Daqu production.</p>","PeriodicalId":9067,"journal":{"name":"Bioresources and Bioprocessing","volume":"12 1","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12033147/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143963035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Properties and anti-fungal activity of liquid by-products from softwood bark carbonization.","authors":"Mariem Zouari, Faksawat Poohphajai, Kristine Meile, Marica Mikuljan, Rene Herrera Diaz","doi":"10.1186/s40643-025-00875-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-025-00875-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the potential use of pyrolysis liquid from bark as an anti-fungal substance against food decaying fungi. Four different fractions of pyrolysis liquid were collected during variable temperature phases of the pyrolysis process: F1 (25-260 °C), F2 (260-512 °C), F3 (512-800 °C), and F4 (800-25 °C). The thermal degradation of bark material was assessed using TGA analysis. The concentration, pH, total phenolic content, and functional groups of the liquid samples were determined. Additionally, the molecular composition was examined using UHPLC and QToF mass spectrometry methods. Fungal species were isolated from bell pepper and animal fat and identified through microscopic observation and DNA sequencing. The anti-fungal activity of the liquid fractions was evaluated using the disk diffusion test. The obtained degradation thermograms had a typical shape characteristic of lignocellulosic materials, revealing different thermal degradation phases of the bark. These phases served as a basis for the collection of the pyrolysis liquid in fractions, which were expected to differ in properties and molecular composition. In the fractions collected above 260 ºC (F2, F3, F4), the pyrolysis liquid presented an acidic character, resulting from the complex thermochemical reactions that occur during the slow pyrolysis of bark. F2 had the highest concentration of total phenolic compounds (6.46 mg GAE/g extract) while F1 and F4 contained only negligible amounts. The FTIR spectra of F2 displayed additional peaks compared to other samples which provided information on the occurrence of various compounds. The reversed phase UHPLC-UV analysis revealed that furfural, 5-hydroxymethyl furfural, and 5-methyl furfural were the most abundant compounds, and F2 had the highest concentration of summed furans (570 µg/mL) among all samples. The morphological assessment and DNA sequence analysis of the fungal strains revealed that Penicillium crustosum and Cladosporium sp were isolated from fat and bell pepper, respectively. The antifungal activity of the liquid fractions was limited due to their low concentration (ranging from 0.24% to 0.01% (v/v)), with only minor inhibition observed for F2, indicated by a small inhibition zone of approximately 1 mm around the 10 mm filter paper. However, concentrating the fraction F2 up to 1% (v/v) demonstrated a stronger inhibitory zone against Cladosporium pseudocladosporioides and Penicillium sp., indicating its antifungal potential at higher concentrations. Overall, the pyrolysis liquid demonstrated promising antifungal activity, particularly after concentration, with F2 exhibiting the highest bioactivity and strongest inhibition effect. These findings highlight its potential for controlling food-decaying fungi while emphasizing the need for further purification, toxicity assessments, and application studies to ensure its feasibility for agro-industrial applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":9067,"journal":{"name":"Bioresources and Bioprocessing","volume":"12 1","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12021764/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143963702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing the synthesis of trimethylene carbonate: a high-yield green synthesis route.","authors":"Zisheng Ning, Yuhan Li, Lingmei Dai, Dehua Liu, Wei Du","doi":"10.1186/s40643-025-00877-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-025-00877-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trimethylene carbonate (TMC) is an innovative modifier for polylactic acid and a promising biodegradable polymer monomer with broad application potential. However, industrial production of TMC faces challenges such as high catalyst costs, safety issues, and environmental impacts. Enzymatic catalysis offers a potential alternative, but its low product yields have hindered progress. In this study, we introduce a novel synthesis route for TMC using bio-based 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) as substrates. This process involves lipase-catalyzed formation of the intermediate 3-hydroxypropyl methyl carbonate (P1), which is then cyclized to produce TMC. Notably, the by-product, C,C'-1,3-propanediyl C,C'-dimethyl ester (P2), reacts with 1,3-PDO to regenerate P1, further enhancing the overall TMC yield. The mechanism exploration reveals that 1,3-PDO acts as both a reactant and an acid catalyst, initiating a nucleophilic substitution reaction on P2 to produce P1. Under optimized conditions, we achieved a total TMC yield of 88%, the highest reported to date.This study provides a novel green synthesis route for TMC that holds great promise for industrial application, given its safer conditions and competitive yields.</p>","PeriodicalId":9067,"journal":{"name":"Bioresources and Bioprocessing","volume":"12 1","pages":"38"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12014996/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143978758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boosting secretion of starch-converting enzymes from Priestia koreensis HL12 and its application in non-thermal cassava pulp saccharification process for maltooligosaccharides synthesis.","authors":"Daran Prongjit, Benjarat Bunterngsook, Wuttichai Mhuantong, Katesuda Aiewviriyasakul, Wipawee Sritusnee, Hataikarn Lekakarn","doi":"10.1186/s40643-025-00872-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-025-00872-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exploring novel amylolytic enzymes and understanding their biochemical properties are essential for advancing starch-based industries. This study focused on identifying the effective extracellular enzymes produced by Priestia koreensis HL12, a novel starch-converting bacterium, through a combined proteomics and genomics approach. Genome annotation revealed 82 genes belonging to various CAZyme families. Among the ten media tested for amylolytic enzyme production, raw cassava pulp was identified as the most effective carbon source, yielding a remarkable starch-degrading activity of 452.6 ± 2.944 U/mg protein against cassava starch. The extracellular enzymes demonstrated significant potential for high-solid enzymatic hydrolysis of raw cassava pulp (5% w/v), achieving a conversion rate of 72% (719.1 mg/g biomass) at 45 °C, pH 5.0 for 24 h of hydrolysis. Proteomics analysis provided insights into the specific enzymes responsible for efficient starch breakdown and modification. These findings position P. koreensis HL12 as a highly effective bacterium for cellulase/xylanase-free amylase production. This work not only highlights the unique enzymatic profile of P. koreensis HL12 but also emphasizes its significant role in optimizing starch bioconversion processes, ultimately contributing to the development of more sustainable biorefineries.</p>","PeriodicalId":9067,"journal":{"name":"Bioresources and Bioprocessing","volume":"12 1","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12011666/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143971877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative study on enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of diverse herbaceous and woody wastes by promising dilute acid and alkaline pretreatments.","authors":"Runxuan Shi, Zehua Zhang, Jinlei Zhang, Chang Chen, Wencheng Li, Yifan Lin, Xuyuan Shi, Peijun Zhao, Teng Zhang, Qiong Yan, Xiyu Cheng","doi":"10.1186/s40643-025-00873-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-025-00873-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biomass recalcitrance makes pretreatment process a key step for efficient bioconversion process. In this study, differential effects of promising acid (AP) and alkaline pretreatments (ALP) on enzymatic hydrolysis of diverse herbaceous and woody wastes were systematically investigated. Four biomass samples were separately pretreated and sugar recovery was then recorded in the subsequent hydrolysis. Results showed that both dilute AP and ALP exhibited efficacy in the removal of hemicellulose. Specifically, soybean straw AP demonstrated the highest recovery of soluble sugars at the pretreatment stage [270 mg/g raw stalk (RS)], against 71-212 mg/g RS achieved in AP and ALP of other wastes. Compared with herbaceous soybean straw, both AP and ALP of more recalcitrant woody biomass (e.g., bamboo and poplar) showed much lower enzymatic sugar yields. Among tested samples, ALP soybean straw produced stronger structure modification, morphological changes and higher delignification, which increased its availability to cellulases. As a result, the sugar yield of ALP soybean straw using 1.5% NaOH reached 787 mg/g, which is much higher than those of other tested AP & ALP biomass wastes. The present study revealed differential responses of diverse biomass wastes to AP & ALP, hence providing valuable information for the development of effective bioconversion process of these promising biomass. Looking ahead, these classic AP and ALP will be further investigated together with other potential and emerging pretreatments (e.g., green solvent pretreatments) to provide a foundation for high value utilization of biomass.</p>","PeriodicalId":9067,"journal":{"name":"Bioresources and Bioprocessing","volume":"12 1","pages":"36"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12006598/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144062024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated evaluation of antifungal activity of pomegranate peel polyphenols against a diverse range of postharvest fruit pathogens.","authors":"Muhammad Nawaz, Junkun Pan, Hui Liu, Muhammad Jawad Umer, Jiechao Liu, Wenbo Yang, Zhenzhen Lv, Qiang Zhang, Zhonggao Jiao","doi":"10.1186/s40643-025-00874-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-025-00874-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The search for safe, natural antimicrobial agents has received significant attention for controlling postharvest diseases in fruits. This study evaluated the antifungal activity of pomegranate peel extracts (PPE) against 9 pathogenic fungi by different methods. Additionally, the key antifungal polyphenol compounds were identified. Results revealed that the n-hexane partitioned fraction of ethanolic extract exhibited the highest inhibition efficacy. A total 36 polyphenols, including 10 newly discovered compounds in pomegranate peel were recognized. Among these, 9 specific polyphenols were found to be relatively abundant in the n-hexane fraction, highlighting their potential as primary antifungal agents. Notably, the newly identified polyphenol compound nobiletin demonstrated the strongest inhibitory effects against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Rhizopus stolonifer and Aspergillus niger with inhibition diameters of 12.2, 12.0, and 12.5 mm, respectively. Salidroside exhibited significant antifungal activity against Monilinia fructicola and A. niger (inhibition diameters > 12.0 mm). Furthermore, cinnamic acid that was enriched in hexane fraction, showed the highest inhibitory zones against Alternaria alternata, C. gloeosporioides and Botryosphaeria dothidea (11.8 ~ 12.7 mm). Caffeic acid and protocatechuic acid both displayed the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) on Penicillium expansum. The study demonstrated the potential of PPE, particularly the n-hexane fraction, as a broad-spectrum natural antifungal agent for postharvest disease management.</p>","PeriodicalId":9067,"journal":{"name":"Bioresources and Bioprocessing","volume":"12 1","pages":"34"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11996745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143953782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of novel MgO-ZnO nanocomposite using Pluchea indica leaf extract and study of their biological activities.","authors":"Samy Selim, Mohammed S Almuhayawi, Amna A Saddiq, Mohammed H Alruhaili, Ebrahim Saied, Mohamed H Sharaf, Muyassar K Tarabulsi, Soad K Al Jaouni","doi":"10.1186/s40643-025-00848-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-025-00848-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The biosynthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles using plant extracts has garnered significant attention due to their eco-friendly and cost-effective nature. This study aimed to biosynthesize magnesium oxide-zinc oxide nanocomposite (MgO-ZnO nanocomposite) using Pluchea indica leaf extract for the first time, with a focus on characterizing its physicochemical properties and evaluating its biological activities. The biosynthesized MgO-ZnO nanocomposite was fully characterized, revealing an absorbance peak at 300 nm using UV-vis spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed particle stability within the size range of 5-35 nm. Cytotoxicity analysis on the Wi 38 normal cell line demonstrated an IC₅₀ value of 179.13 µg/mL, indicating good biosafety. The nanocomposite exhibited potent anticancer activity, with IC₅₀ values of 73.61 µg/mL and 31.25 µg/mL against Hep-G2 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines, respectively. Antibacterial assays revealed activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 31.25 to 250 µg/mL. Furthermore, the nanocomposite displayed antioxidant activity with an IC₅₀ value of 175 µg/mL, as determined by the DPPH assay. In conclusion, the successful synthesis of the MgO-ZnO nanocomposite using P. indica leaf extract demonstrates its potential as a safe and effective agent for concentration-dependent antioxidants, antibacterial, and anticancer applications. This study highlights the versatility of plant-mediated biosynthesis in developing functional nanomaterials for biomedical use.</p>","PeriodicalId":9067,"journal":{"name":"Bioresources and Bioprocessing","volume":"12 1","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11993530/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143963652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}