Bioresources and Bioprocessing最新文献

{"title":"CYP1B1 is a potential target of kaempferol in renal fibrosis: a multi‑omics and single‑cell transcriptomics study.","authors":"Chenjie Huang, Xueli Shi, Ziyou Yan","doi":"10.1186/s40643-026-01135-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-026-01135-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Renal fibrosis (RF) is a progressive and irreversible pathological process for which effective treatments are limited. This study explores the molecular targets and mechanisms through which kaempferol (Kae) ameliorates RF, with particular emphasis on cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a combination of transcriptomic profiling, weighted gene co‑expression network analysis (WGCNA), multi‑algorithm machine learning [least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), support vector machine‑recursive feature elimination (SVM‑RFE), and Random Forest], and single‑cell transcriptomics, we identified the core targets of Kae intervention in RF. shapley additive explanations (SHAP) analysis evaluated gene contributions to the predictive model, while cell‑type identification by estimating relative subsets of RNA transcripts (CIBERSORT) estimated the immune microenvironment. The cell type-specific distribution of core targets was further characterized through single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), and the scTenifoldKnk (a machine learning-based virtual gene knockout tool) algorithm simulated the effects of CYP1B1 loss-of-function on fibroblast activation and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Finally, molecular docking was performed to predict the binding conformations of kaempferol with the proteins encoded by the six prioritized genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six core genes (VCAM1, NFKBIA, SFN, CCL5, CYP1B1, and AXL) were identified from 25 Kae-RF-related genes, with CYP1B1 as an upstream regulatory hub. Immune infiltration analysis revealed increased plasma cells and eosinophils, alongside decreased M0/M1 macrophages and activated NK cells. Single-cell analysis localized CYP1B1 to smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts, with significant upregulation during late-stage fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation. Virtual knockdown of CYP1B1 upregulated 46 genes associated with fibrosis-related biological processes, including cell adhesion, G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling, ion transport, and cytoskeletal remodeling. The six-gene diagnostic model achieved area under the curves (AUCs) of 0.889 (training) and 0.759 (external validation). Molecular docking showed favorable Kae-CYP1B1 binding (- 6.5 kcal/mol).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CYP1B1 may serve as a potential functional target of Kae in RF, likely through modulation of fibroblast activation and ECM remodeling. These findings are hypothesis‑generating and provide a computational basis for future experimental validation of CYP1B1‑targeted strategies in RF.</p>","PeriodicalId":9067,"journal":{"name":"Bioresources and Bioprocessing","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149227142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lignin separation modification and high-value utilization based on low eutectic solvents: a review.","authors":"Ruihan Sun, Chenchen Li, Ruike Liang, Yong Zhang, Rui Xu","doi":"10.1186/s40643-026-01144-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-026-01144-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Agricultural and forestry waste is rich in renewable lignin, which holds natural potential for the production of fine chemicals and functional materials. However, lignin is tightly cross-linked with cellulose and hemicellulose. Traditional extraction processes using strong acids and bases can easily cause lignin molecular condensation and damage to the molecular framework. At the same time, there are problems such as high energy consumption and heavy environmental burden, which seriously restrict its resource utilization. Due to their advantages of simple synthesis, high tunability, and environmental friendliness, deep eutectic solvents (DES) have become a research hotspot for the green and efficient extraction of lignin. This paper systematically reviews the latest research findings on DES-based extraction of lignin from agricultural and forestry waste, summarizes the characteristics of different types of DES components, investigates the effects of process parameters on lignin extraction efficiency and structural retention, and provides an in-depth analysis of the lignin's characteristic bonds, functional group composition, and other microstructural features. The study confirms that DES can achieve selective dissolution of lignin and effectively cleave ether bonds such as β-O-4; the resulting lignin has a low molecular weight, a narrow distribution, and a high content of phenolic hydroxyl groups, laying an excellent structural foundation for subsequent chemical modification and deep processing. The paper also further summarizes the high-value application potential of this type of lignin in fields such as the preparation of phenolic compounds and the synthesis of functional materials. At the same time, it objectively analyzes the practical challenges currently faced by DES technology in process optimization, solvent recycling, and industrial-scale upscaling, and makes targeted predictions regarding future key development directions. The aim is to provide a theoretical basis and practical reference for the iteration of green lignin separation technologies and the construction of high-value conversion systems for waste biomass.</p>","PeriodicalId":9067,"journal":{"name":"Bioresources and Bioprocessing","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149227125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A gut microbiota-metabolite-host gene score for subtyping and predicting the treatment response in rheumatoid arthritis: integrative analysis with in silico knockout validation.","authors":"Xiang-Fei Sun, Yi-Jie Yang, Chen-Long Li, Tai Huang, Qi Wang, Qi Yu","doi":"10.1186/s40643-026-01149-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-026-01149-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) involves a complex interplay between immune dysregulation and metabolic disturbance, with the gut microbiota and its metabolites playing pivotal roles. However, integrated biomarkers based on the \"gut microbiota-metabolite-host gene\" regulatory axis that can quantify its impact on RA stratification and therapeutic response are lacking.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We integrated multiple RA transcriptomic datasets to screen for host genes explicitly associated with the gut microbiota and metabolites using the gutMGene database. A gut microbiota-metabolite-host score (GMS) was constructed via principal component analysis (PCA). Immune infiltration patterns were evaluated using CIBERSORT. Furthermore, scRNA-seq was employed to map the cellular origins of key genes, and in silico knockout analysis using scTenifoldKnk was performed to simulate the functional ablation of core host genes within this regulatory axis. Additionally, molecular docking was conducted to validate the binding affinities between the key host proteins and the optimal small molecule.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified seven microbiota-metabolite-host hub genes (FOS, JUN, IDO1, PEMT, EGFR, ABCC4, and FADS3) and constructed the GMS. The GMS stratified patients with RA into two distinct functional subtypes: an adaptive immune activation subtype and an inflammatory-metabolic composite subtype. Notably, the GMS demonstrated superior performance in predicting responses to anti-TNF and rituximab therapies. The scRNA-seq analysis revealed high expression of FOS and JUN in T cells and NK cells. In silico knockout analysis further revealed the central transcription factors FOS and JUN as key executors of this axis, as their ablation significantly affected osteoclast differentiation and the enrichment of TNF/MAPK inflammatory pathways. These computational findings support the core mechanism by which gut microbiota-metabolite signalling drives RA joint pathology via FOS/JUN. Molecular docking results confirmed strong binding interactions between the identified active molecules and their respective target proteins.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study establishes a GMS based on the gut microbiota-metabolite-host gene regulatory axis as a robust tool for molecular subtyping and predicting biological therapy responses in patients with RA. Crucially, through integrated computational modelling, including in silico knockout and molecular docking validation, we identified FOS/JUN as critical executor genes linking the gut microenvironment to RA bone destruction, providing novel targets for therapeutic strategies aimed at the gut-joint axis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9067,"journal":{"name":"Bioresources and Bioprocessing","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149227078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial cell factories for gamma-linolenic acid biosynthesis: metabolic engineering, downstream processing, and future perspectives.","authors":"Jie Qiao, Wei Wang, Peiyao Duan, Zhili Zhang, Rongrong Yang, Haiyang Cui, Xiujuan Li","doi":"10.1186/s40643-026-01146-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40643-026-01146-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) is a vital anti-inflammatory polyunsaturated fatty acid, yet its traditional supply from plant seeds such as evening primrose and borage is constrained by low yields and climatic instability. Consequently, microbial cell factories present a sustainable and season-independent alternative for scalable GLA production. This review critically synthesizes recent biotechnological advancements in utilizing oleaginous microorganisms as production platforms. It systematically elucidates the microbial lipid biosynthesis pathways and evaluates strategies to enhance GLA accumulation, with particular emphasis on rational metabolic engineering. Furthermore, emerging technologies for microbial lipid production, alongside the latest progress in industrial-scale applications, are thoroughly examined. Finally, comprehensive insights are provided to guide the optimization of the entire value chain, ranging from upstream strain engineering to downstream processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":9067,"journal":{"name":"Bioresources and Bioprocessing","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13675456/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149206531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating dynamic modeling and continuous cultivation to enhance recombinant β-glucosidase production in Komagataella phaffii.","authors":"Eduardo Rocco-Martínez, Johan Quezada, Julio Berrios, Kenneth H Wolfe, Alvaro Díaz-Barrera, Carlos Martínez, Stephanie Braun-Galleani","doi":"10.1186/s40643-026-01147-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40643-026-01147-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cultivation under hypothermia has emerged as an interesting strategy for enhancing recombinant protein production in Komagataella phaffii, yet predictive approaches capable of integrating the effects of temperature and cell growth rate for rational bioprocess optimization remain limited. In this work, we investigated the influence of cultivation temperature on recombinant β-glucosidase (BGL1) production in the hybrid K. phaffii strain S467 by combining bioprocess characterization with dynamic mathematical modeling. Batch cultures performed at 20, 25 and 30 °C showed that hypothermia increased recombinant protein secretion while reducing biomass formation, revealing a trade-off between cell growth and product formation. To quantitatively describe these dynamics, a Droop-based model incorporating delayed coupling between substrate uptake and biomass synthesis was fitted using the experimental data. Model simulations predicted that continuous cultivation at 20 °C and a dilution rate of 0.045 h^-1 maximized the total secreted protein volumetric productivity. Chemostat experiments at selected conditions yielded biomass concentrations and total secreted protein productivities close to the simulated values, supporting the model-predicted trends and its potential as a tool for process optimization. Interestingly, the highest specific BGL1 activity was observed at the highest dilution rate despite a lower bgl1 transcript level and secreted protein production, suggesting that cultivation conditions influence recombinant protein traits through mechanisms beyond transcriptional regulation. Collectively, these results show that integrating experimental bioprocess characterization, predictive dynamic modeling and targeted molecular analyses provide an effective framework for rational optimization of recombinant protein production in this biotechnologically relevant yeast.</p>","PeriodicalId":9067,"journal":{"name":"Bioresources and Bioprocessing","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13672270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149191094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetic modelling of Chlorella spp. wastewater treatment and resource recovery in the food industry.","authors":"Vera Lavelli, Zhi Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s40643-026-01145-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40643-026-01145-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Effluents generated in the food and beverage industry typically contain elevated concentrations of organic carbon sources and inorganic nutrients, representing a significant environmental burden as global food demand continues to rise. Owing to their capacity to effectively assimilate carbon and nutrients while simultaneously generating biomass with potential valorization pathways, Chlorella spp. offers a dual benefit of contaminant removal and resource recovery. However, existing algal studies remain predominantly at the laboratory scale, and their competitive advantages have not been demonstrated for full-scale implementation. Kinetic modelling represents an essential tool to elucidate algal growth behavior, optimize operational conditions, and predict performance of algal systems for accurate scale-up, but limited studies are available to comprehensively review kinetic models of Chlorella spp. In this review, kinetic models were synthesized, including sigmoidal growth models (Gompertz, logistic, and Verhulst), single-factor and inhibition models (Monod and Andrews), light-dependent photobioreactor models (Huisman), multifactor and interaction models for co-cultures (Lotka-Volterra). Kinetic parameters from these models were compiled to support consistent projections from lab-scale to industrial-scale systems, enabling future techno-economic analysis and life-cycle assessment of algal systems. Other emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning approaches, were also reviewed. The review also identified benchmark processes and outlined a decision tree for developing strategies to enhance resource recovery and phycoremediation performance. Finally, key research needs have been highlighted to guide future work in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":9067,"journal":{"name":"Bioresources and Bioprocessing","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13669260/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149179355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomachining in manufacturing: mechanisms, processes, applications and future perspectives.","authors":"Jingyu Song, Hui Huang, Weibin Shi","doi":"10.1186/s40643-026-01143-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40643-026-01143-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biomachining (BM) is an emerging bio-assisted manufacturing approach that uses microbial metabolism and bioelectrochemical reactions to remove material under mild conditions. Due to its low mechanical loading and limited thermal effects, BM has potential in low-damage microfabrication, surface functionalization, microfluidic mold fabrication, abrasive tool dressing, and functional device modification. This review critically summarizes BM with respect to removal mechanisms, process technologies, modeling and optimization strategies, manufacturing applications, and engineering challenges. The biological and electrochemical mechanisms of BM are discussed first, followed by conventional and hybrid BM processes and their comparison with conventional and non-conventional machining technologies. Current applications are reviewed with emphasis on the gap between laboratory demonstrations and scalable industrial implementation. Major challenges include low removal efficiency, limited dimensional accuracy, unstable microbial activity, weak process controllability, contamination risk, waste treatment, and biosafety management. Future development should focus on standardized evaluation, microbial stability control, mechanism-data fusion modeling, hybrid process intensification, and dedicated equipment. Machine learning-assisted prediction, Internet of Things-enabled monitoring, digital twin-based closed-loop control, and sustainability/techno-economic validation are also important for moving BM toward controllable and scalable manufacturing.</p>","PeriodicalId":9067,"journal":{"name":"Bioresources and Bioprocessing","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13658698/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149164033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of a monolithic cellulose Janus-like membrane for oil/water separation.","authors":"Mamadou Souare, Changqing Dong, Xiaoying Hu, Junjie Xue, Junjiao Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s40643-026-01142-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40643-026-01142-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Janus membranes offer a good solution for oil/water mixtures due to their opposite wettability, but existing designs often suffer from limitations arising from complex, resource-intensive fabrication procedures. This study proposes a cellulose-based monolithic Janus-like membrane prepared by non-solvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) from cellulose acetate followed by alkaline deacetylation and unilateral silanization (TEOS/MTES). The resulting membrane exhibits asymmetric wettability (hydrophobic: 91°, hydrophilic: ~0°). Structural and chemical characterization (SEM, EDS, FTIR, and BET/BJH) confirms the formation of a siloxane-containing surface layer, the integrity of the cellulose network, and a distribution of the pores toward the nanoscale, with a specific surface area of 26.9 m²/g. Gravitational peanut oil/water tests reveal high fluxes (3300-5527 Lm^-2h^- 1) with an apparent volumetric oil-retention efficiency of up to 95%, while for water/hexane, the apparent volumetric oil-retention efficiency reached 96.93% with a flux of 3950.62 Lm^-2h^- 1. The membrane retains excellent mechanical robustness (3.50 MPa), with a breaking force of 5.23 N, withstanding repeated deformations including axial rolling, compression, and bending, without cracking or delamination. This Janus-like membrane mimics the properties of Janus membranes while relying on a simplified, energy-efficient, and environmentally friendly fabrication strategy, and could represent a promising option for efficient, sustainable, and high-performance oil/water separation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9067,"journal":{"name":"Bioresources and Bioprocessing","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653026/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149147043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRISPR-enhanced microalgae for carbon sequestration and carotenoid production: opportunities and fundamental constraints.","authors":"Nalinakshan Sreevidya Shruthy, Cheng-Di Dong, Ya-Ting Chen, Shu-Ling Hsieh, Reeta Rani Singhania, Anil Kumar Patel","doi":"10.1186/s40643-026-01136-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40643-026-01136-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microalgae represent a promising biological platform for CO₂ sequestration and the sustainable production of high-value metabolites, particularly carotenoids such as lutein and astaxanthin. However, industrial performance remains constrained by low carbon conversion efficiency, reduced photosynthetic performance, and competing metabolic fluxes that limit product yield. The emergence of CRISPR/Cas-based genome engineering has enabled precise and multiplexed modulation of microalgal metabolic networks, offering new opportunities to overcome these limitations. This review critically evaluates CRISPR-enabled engineering strategies for improving carbon assimilation, photosynthetic efficiency, and carotenoid biosynthesis in microalgae. We discuss advances in transformation and delivery systems across diverse species, CRISPR interference, CRISPR activation, and multiplexed pathway rewiring. Targeted modifications of light-harvesting complexes, carbon concentrating mechanisms, and key carotenoid biosynthetic enzymes are discussed with their reported impacts on biomass accumulation, CO₂ fixation, and pigment productivity. Emerging evidence indicates that while pathway-specific genetic interventions can significantly enhance metabolic accumulation, these improvements are often not proportionally reflected in whole-cell carbon fixation, revealing underlying constraints imposed by energy allocation, redox balance, and regulatory network coupling. Finally, we highlight the potential of synthetic regulatory circuits and programmable transcriptional control as next-generation tools for dynamic regulation of metabolic fluxes rather than static gene-level modifications. By integrating molecular engineering strategies with physiological and system-level constraints, this review provides a critical framework for developing robust microalgal cell factories for sustainable bioproduction and climate mitigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9067,"journal":{"name":"Bioresources and Bioprocessing","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13652792/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149147507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physicochemical evaluation, GC-MS-based phytoconstituent analysis and network pharmacology study of Guduchi Arka: an ayurvedic hydro-distillate.","authors":"Deepa Sharma, Ganesh Dane, Smriti Tandon, Chandrashekhar Jagtap, Vijay Kumar, Suman Mondal, Akanksha Thakur, Vaibhav Charde, Hemant Rawat, Ravi Nahar, Sanjeev Kumar Lale, B S Sharma, Shruti Khanduri, T Maheshwar, N Srikanth, Rabinarayan Acharya","doi":"10.1186/s40643-026-01127-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40643-026-01127-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Guduchi Arka is a classical Ayurvedic hydro-distillate formulation with quick absorption and healing properties, prepared from Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers. Despite its long history of traditional use, the scientific community still lacks a complete set of quality parameters for its chemical composition and its molecular mechanisms. To overcome this problem, laboratory analysis and computer modelling parameters were used to investigate the quality, safety, and effectiveness of the formulation in treating fever and cold. Guduchi samples were obtained from three locations in India (Jhansi, Bengaluru, and Itanagar), and the raw materials were analysed to verify compliance with API standards. Authenticated Guduchi samples were processed arka preparation by using a standardised hydro-distillation method, and the resulting arka was assessed by physicochemical analysis, with a pH of 6.15-6.95, a specific gravity near 1.00, and an essential oil content of approximately 0.236%. Raw drugs and Arka preparations complied with standard API safety standards, as no pathogenic organisms were detected, heavy metals, pesticides, and aflatoxins were undetectable, and microbial content was below the standard API limit. GC-MS analysis of the arka formulation revealed a consistent and rich array of bioactive compounds, including 1-Eicosanol, α-Campholenal, o-toluric acid, Anethole, Estragole, Embelin, Nicolaioidesin A, (-)-Globulol, Paliclavine, and Chamazulene. To assess its therapeutic significance, 20 phytoconstituents of the Guduchi arka formulation were screened using network pharmacology and molecular docking. These compounds showed 248 overlapping targets with genes associated with fever and respiratory infections. The key regulatory proteins HSP90AA1, EGFR, and HSP90AB1 emerged as central nodes in the protein-protein interaction networks. To better validate the molecular docking study, robust biological interactions were observed: Nicolaiodesin A interacted effectively with EGFR (score: - 7.2 kcal/mol), whereas Embelin interacted effectively with HSP90AA1 (score: - 6.6 kcal/mol). Finally, this study demonstrates that Guduchi Arka is a highly standardised and safe formulation that retains all its healing phytochemicals during the distillation process. This study elucidates the mode of action of Guduchi Arka on immunity and inflammation, providing a solid scientific basis for its traditional use and future applications in herbal medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":9067,"journal":{"name":"Bioresources and Bioprocessing","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653024/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149147167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}