BMC Veterinary Research最新文献

{"title":"Comparative analysis of iridocorneal angle in cats and dogs using ultrasound biomicroscopy: implications for glaucoma prevalence.","authors":"Donghee Kim, Ji Seung Jung, Jiyi Hwang, Jiwoo Park, Myeongjee Kwon, Jungyeon Yong, Haerin Yoon, Kyung-Mee Park","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04648-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04648-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aims to investigate the anatomical differences in the anterior segment of the eyes between dogs and cats using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) to understand the higher prevalence of primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) in dogs compared to cats. Retrospective analysis was performed on clinical data from 16 eyes of 16 dogs and 14 eyes of 14 cats with normal eye conditions. UBM was utilized to measure nine specific parameters, including Schwalbe's Line Distance (SLD), Iridocorneal Angle (ICA), Angle-Opening Distance (AOD), and three ciliary cleft parameters: width (CCW), length (CCL), and area (CCA). To account for differences in body size, ciliary cleft parameters were adjusted accordingly.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant anatomical differences in the anterior segment were found between the two species. Dogs had smaller values for SLD, ICA, AOD, and ciliary cleft parameters (CCW, CCL, CCA) compared to cats. Even after body-size adjustment, the rectified ciliary cleft parameters remained smaller in dogs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The anatomical differences, particularly the smaller ciliary cleft and narrower drainage angles in dogs, may contribute to the higher prevalence of PACG in this species. Conversely, the larger ciliary cleft in cats may explain the lower occurrence of primary glaucoma in cats.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"181"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921709/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, attitudes, and perception of dog owners on the transmission, control and prevention of cystic echinococcosis and other gastrointestinal parasites in dogs of Southern provinces of Mozambique.","authors":"Regina D Miambo, Sonia M de S Afonso, Emilia V Noormahomed, Claudia Tamponi, Antonio Varcasia, Giorgia Dessì, Constance Benson, Stephen W Bickler, Robert T Schooley, Samson Mukaratirwa","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04639-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04639-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In rural communities of Mozambique, dogs are utilized not only as companion animals, but also for shepherding livestock, guarding, and hunting purposes, increasing exposure of humans to zoonotic parasites. Thus, we conducted a study to assess knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of rural dog owners living in the districts of Gaza and Inhambane provinces, south of Mozambique, on cystic echinococcosis (CE) followed by a survey on the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites with emphasis on Taeniidae infection in dogs from the same districts. A structured questionnaire was administered to 335 dog owners to assess their knowledge, attitudes and perceptions related to the risk factors for transmission, control, and prevention of CE. Responses were analyzed with SPSS software using the Chi-square test. To determine the prevalence of endoparasites, 723 dog fecal samples were collected and processed using a flotation technique to detect helminths/protozoa eggs/cysts/oocysts and modified Ziehl Neelsen staining to detect Cryptosporidium oocysts. Samples positive for taeniids were further processed to identify them to species level using molecular techniques. 3% (10/335) of respondents of the questionnaire were aware of CE which was higher in males (2.7%; 9/335) compared to females, in respondents aged 26-45 years old (2.1%; 7/335), and in agro-pastoralists (1.8%; 6/335). An overall prevalence of 93.7% (678/723) for at least one parasite species was found. Prevalence was 7.6% (55/723) for Spirocerca spp., 50.9% (368/723) for Ancylostoma spp., 4% (29/723) for Toxocara spp., 5.4% (39/723) for Trichuris spp., 8.7% (63/723) for Sarcocystis spp., 8.4% (61/723) for Dipylidium caninum, 8.7% (63/723) for Isospora spp., 2.2% (16/723) for Giardia spp. and 1.7% (12/723) for Cryptosporidium spp. Prevalence of taeniids was 2.4% (17/723) with six isolates identified as Taenia hydatigena and two as Taenia multiceps. Results of questionnaire survey showed that the Knowledge of cystic echinococcosis in districts of southern Mozambique was limited, and we recommend the development of targeted public health campaigns to raise awareness of local communities about transmission cycles and prevention CE. Future epidemiological studies should be conducted to investigate the potential source of CE infections in cattle by screening both wild and domestic canids.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"182"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921684/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143662399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial-temporal distribution and risk factors of foot and mouth disease outbreaks in Java Island, Indonesia from 2022 to 2023.","authors":"Virgilius Martin Kelake Kedang, Indri Permatasari, Thanicha Chanchaidechachai, Chaidate Inchaisri","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04621-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04621-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Indonesia faced new outbreaks of foot and mouth disease in 2022 after being officially free from the disease for several decades. The outbreaks were first reported in East Java in April 2022 and subsequently spread to many regions in Indonesia. This study investigated the epidemiology and risk factors of foot and mouth disease outbreaks in Java, Indonesia, from 2022 to 2023. Descriptive, spatial, spatiotemporal, and risk factor analyses were conducted to investigate the patterns and risk factors associated with the outbreaks in Java.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed that the outbreaks were distributed across the island. East Java was the most affected region. The outbreaks peaked in June 2022, followed by a downward trend until 2023. Positive spatial autocorrelations were found in both years, indicating that the outbreaks clustered in several areas. The spatiotemporal analysis found a total of 16 clusters in both years, with 11 clusters in 2022 and 5 clusters in 2023. The temporal distribution of clusters indicated a peak period from May to July, with 12 out of 16 clusters occurring during this time. Risk factor analysis found that environmental and agricultural-related factors, including annual precipitation, the presence of livestock markets, the presence of slaughterhouses, the presence of animal health centres, cattle population, and goat population, are significant risk factors for the occurrence of outbreaks in Java. Probability risk mapping found higher risk areas primarily distributed in the eastern and central parts of Java.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The outbreaks predominantly clustered in eastern and central parts of Java. The outbreaks peaked in June 2022, followed by a downward trend until the end of 2023. Environmental and agricultural-related factors significantly increased the risk of outbreak occurrence.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"180"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11916208/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A preliminary study on digital quantification of ocular attributes in cattle as potential non-invasive indicators of anemia.","authors":"Mushtaq Hussain Lashari, Anna Abdullah, Fouzia Nazir, Asma Iqbal, Muhammad Abrar Afzal, Umer Farooq, Musadiq Idris, Musarrat Abbas Khan, Faisal Shahzad, Mahad Azam, Khawar Ali Shahzad, Dalia Fouad, Farid Shokry Ataya, Shagufta Nasreen","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04618-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04618-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Various non-invasive indicators such as ocular attributes have been tested and validated for the assessment of anemia and vitamin A deficiency in human medical sciences with promising results. However, regarding veterinary diagnostics/prognostics, there is limited literature for photometric assessment of anemia in cattle. The present preliminary study is the first account of digital quantification of various ocular attributes in cattle (n = 36) carried out with an objective to unearth the potential of these attributes (RGB analysis and morphometry of eyeballs, and color of palpebral conjunctiva) as non-invasive predictors of RBC count, hemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that green (r = 0.571), blue (r = 0.706), yellow (r = 0.624), black (r = 0.712) and whiteness (r = 0.778) of cattle eye were positively and significantly (P ≤ 0.05) correlated with Hb with 67.0% predictability for overall model. Similarly, red (r= -0.536), green (r= -0.565), magenta (r= -0.409), yellow (r= -0.563), black (r = 0.700) and whiteness (r= -0.805) were highly correlated (P ≤ 0.05) with Hb with a strong overall model predictability of 67.6%. The associations with RBC count were, however, weaker and non-significant (23% predictability).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It is concluded that various ocular attributes of cattle, particularly blue, yellow, black, whiteness and lightness, could serve as non-invasive indicators of Hb and PCV, assisting in detecting of anemia. The palpebral conjunctiva color chart developed through this preliminary data could function as an on-field point-of-care testing (POCT) tool to predict Hb and PCV levels in cattle.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"175"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11912724/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of artichoke (Cynara scolymus) polyphenolic extract on growth, antioxidants and some immune parameters in common carp (Cyprinus carpio).","authors":"Elham Kia, Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar, Mohammad Mazandarani, Valiollah Jafari, Roghieh Safari, Marina Paolucci","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04619-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04619-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this research, Cyprinus carpio juveniles were fed with experimental diets containing different levels of artichoke polyphenolic leaf extract (ALE) 0 (Control), 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg over eight weeks. After eight weeks, haemato-immunological parameters, growth performance, immune parameters and antioxidant defense were measured. The administration of varying levels of ALE had no significant effects on growth parameters compared to the control group. However, haematological parameters were significantly elevated compared to the control group. Immune parameters such as serum lysozyme, mucus lysozyme, serum and mucus total immunoglobulin, as well as serum alternative complement activity and bactericidal activity of ALE-treated carps, showed a notable increase in comparison to the CTRL group. Also, the agglutination titer of serum and mucus in ALE fed carps were significantly higher than CTRL group. Feeding with varying levels of ALE (0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg) significantly enhanced the activities of serum antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase in all groups, catalase in the 0.5 and 2 g/kg groups, and glutathione peroxidase in the 1 and 2 g/kg groups, compared to the control group. The results of this study demonstrate that dietary supplementation with ALE at 0.5-2 g/kg positively influences immune and antioxidant factors in Cyprinus carpio, with the most pronounced effects observed at 1 and 2 g/kg. These findings suggest that artichoke polyphenolic extract, particularly at higher dosages, has potential as an effective feed additive to enhance immunity and antioxidant capacity in carp farming.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"177"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11912677/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface morphology of the oral cavity of redbelly tilapia, Coptodon zillii (Gervais, 1848).","authors":"Basma G Hanafy, Mohamed M A Abumandour","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04620-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04620-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is a scarcity of morphological data on the oral cavity of Tilapia zillii, so the current investigation aimed to reveal these morphological characteristics, focusing on the teeth of the upper and lower jaws, oral valves, palate, and tongue through both gross anatomical and scanning electron microscopic examinations. The premaxillary and dentary teeth were arranged in rostral and caudal groups with different lengths decreased towards the mouth corners. The rostral group was longer with two processes, while the caudal group had three processes. The rostral group of the premaxillary and dentary teeth was present in one row. While the caudal group of these teeth was present in several rows. At the upper jaw corner, the caudal group was in two rows, while it was in one row at the lower jaw corner. The different lengths in the premaxillary and dentary teeth in conjunction with the presence of processes on the tips of the teeth help shred the eaten particles. The oral cavity structures related to feeding habits in Tilapia zillii reflect its herbivorous behaviour. The knowledge of the nature of its oral cavity will help in identifying better methods for feeding in aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"179"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11912670/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143646926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative bioavailability study of two oral formulations of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid in healthy dogs.","authors":"Kananuch Vasuntrarak, Koranis Patthanachai, Piyawan Charoenlertkul, Suphachai Nuanualsuwan, Henrique Cheng, Nipattra Suanpairintr","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04649-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04649-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid combination (AMX-CA) is a widely used oral antibiotic for companion animals. In Thailand, various AMX-CA formulations are available. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the pharmacokinetic profiles and relative bioavailability of two AMX-CA formulations using a randomized, two-period, two-treatment crossover design in six healthy Beagle dogs. Each dog received a 250 mg AMX-CA tablet (formulation A or B) at a dosage of 20.5 ± 2.5 mg/kg, with a 7-day washout period between treatments. Blood samples were collected over a 24-h period post-administration, then AMX and CA concentrations were measured using LC-MS/MS. Bioequivalence was assessed based on the 90% confidence intervals (CI) for peak plasma concentration (C_max) and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve extrapolated to infinity (AUC_0-∞), which required to fall within 80%-125%.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The relative bioavailability of formulation B was 76.5% for AMX and 72.7% for CA, compared to formulation A. Only CA's C_max met the bioequivalence criteria, while the CIs for AUC_0-∞ and C_max of AMX and AUC_0-∞ of CA were outside the acceptable range.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Bioequivalence between the two formulations was not established, indicating that these formulations are not interchangeable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"173"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11912621/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Canine lymphoma in Croatia: a fourteen-year retrospective study.","authors":"Vida Eraghi, Lidija Medven Zagradišnik, Mavro Matasović, Dunja Vlahović, Doroteja Huber, Andrea Gudan Kurilj, Ivan-Conrado Šoštarić-Zuckermann, Branka Artuković, Ivana Mihoković Buhin, Iva Ciprić, Marko Hohšteter","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04634-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04634-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lymphoma is the most prevalent hematopoietic system tumor in dogs and holds significant clinical importance in veterinary medicine. However, the epidemiology of canine lymphoma in Croatia remains understudied. This retrospective study aims to describe the predominant lymphoma types in this population over 14 years and evaluate associations with sex, breed, and age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 28,681 canine cases referred to the Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zagreb, from 2009 to 2023, a total of 374 cases (1.30%) were diagnosed with lymphoma. Of these, 282 cases (75.40%) were purebred dogs, with the most affected breeds being Golden Retrievers (23, 6.15%), Labrador Retrievers (23, 6.15%), German Shepherds (14, 3.74%), and Boxers (14, 3.74%). Bullmastiffs (8.14%) had the highest number of lymphoma diagnoses among the referred breeds, followed by Airedale Terriers (6.67%) and German Shepherds (5.09%). The Maltese, though a popular breed, showed a low lymphoma rate of 0.40%, indicating no notable predisposition. Multicentric lymphoma (59, 53.64%) was the most common anatomical classification, followed by cutaneous (33, 30.00%) and alimentary lymphoma (13, 11.82%). The mean age at diagnosis was 8.27 ± 3.07 years, with most cases occurring between 5 and 10 years (207, 55.35%). Males (216, 57.75%) were more frequently affected than females (158, 42.24%), except among Golden Retrievers, where 69.56% of cases were female.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study reveals that the distribution of dogs with lymphomas, including type and anatomical classification, in terms of breed, sex and age, is consistent with existing literature, except in the cases of Golden Retrievers, Basset Hounds, and Scottish Terriers. Further molecular and environmental studies are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"172"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11912587/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial activity of tea tree and lavender essential oils and their effects on hatching performance and eggshell bacterial count of Japanese quail eggs.","authors":"Ebtsam E Iraqi, Amany A El-Sahn, Amal M El-Barbary, Mona M Ahmed, Alaa E Elkomy","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04576-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04576-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this work was to study the effect of tea tree (TTO) and lavender (LavO) essential oils instead of formaldehyde fumigation to disinfect the surface of fertilized eggshells. A total of 1050 fresh unwashed fertilized quail eggs were randomly divided into 7 groups and treated before incubation as follows: group 1 was untreated (negative control), group 2 was sprayed with 70% ethyl alcohol (positive control), group 3 was fumigated with formaldehyde gas (FF), groups 4-5 and 6-7 were sprayed with 2%, 3% TTO and 2%, 3% LavO, respectively. Spraying fertilized eggs with 3% TTO or LavO significant reduced (P < 0.05) egg weight loss and improved yolk sac absorption expressed as a decrease in the yolk sac remaining weight (P < 0.01), which coincided with increasing the percentage of embryonic weight at 14th day of incubation compared to the FF. TTO or LavO significantly boosted the hatching rate that correlated with significant reduction (P < 0.01) in embryonic mortality with preference for LavO. Spraying fertilized eggs immediately after collection with TTO or LavO significantly reduced (P < 0.01) total bacterial count on the eggshell surface compared to the FF. Thus, TTO and LavO can be used to disinfect fertilized eggs prior to incubation to improve hatching rates and chicks' quality upon hatching.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"176"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11912756/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifaceted analysis of equine cystic echinococcosis: genotyping, immunopathology, and screening of repurposed drugs against E. equinus protoscolices.","authors":"Noha Madbouly Taha, Mai A Salem, Mohamed A El-Saied, Faten F Mohammed, Mohamed Kamel, Mohamed M El-Bahy, Reem M Ramadan","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04616-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04616-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a neglected zoonotic disease that causes significant economic losses in livestock and poses health risks to humans, necessitating improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. This study investigates CE in donkeys using a multifaceted approach that includes molecular identification, gene expression analysis, serum biochemical profiling, histopathological and immunohistochemical examination, and in vitro drug efficacy evaluation. Molecular analysis of hydatid cyst protoscolices (HC-PSCs) from infected donkey livers and lungs revealed a high similarity to Echinococcus equinus (GenBank accession: PP407081). Additionally, gene expression analysis indicated significant increases (P < 0.0001) in interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and interferon γ (IFN-γ) levels in lung and liver homogenates. Serum biochemical analysis showed elevated aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and globulin levels, alongside decreased albumin compared to non-infected controls. Histopathological examination revealed notable alterations in pulmonary and hepatic tissues associated with hydatid cyst infection. Immunohistochemical analysis showed increased expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4), indicating a robust inflammatory response. In vitro drug evaluations revealed that Paroxetine (at concentrations of 2.5, and 5 mg/mL) demonstrated the highest efficacy among repurposed drugs against HC-PSCs, resulting in the greatest cell mortality. Colmediten followed closely in effectiveness, whereas both Brufen and Ator exhibited minimal effects. This study identifies Paroxetine as a promising alternative treatment for hydatidosis and provides a framework for investigating other parasitic infections and novel therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"178"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11912610/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143646925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}