BMC Veterinary Research最新文献

{"title":"Antimicrobial resistance, virulence genes profiles and molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains from captive giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca).","authors":"Xia Yan, Mei Yang, James Edward Ayala, Lin Li, Yang Zhou, Rong Hou, Songrui Liu, Yunli Li, Chanjuan Yue, Dongsheng Zhang, Xiaoyan Su","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04377-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-024-04377-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) increases the difficulty of clinical treatment of giant pandas. This study aimed to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), mobile genetic elements (MGEs), virulence genes, and molecular epidemiology of CRKP strains isolated from giant pandas. A total of 187 nonduplicated Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) isolates were collected from fresh feces of captive giant pandas at the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding. Then CRKP were isolated and identified through carbapenase Carba NP assay. Subsequently, the antimicrobial susceptibility testing and antibiotic resistance genes of CRKP isolates were studied by disk diffusion (K-B) and HT-qPCR, respectively. Then both the MGEs and virulence genes of CRKP isolates were analyzed by PCR. In addition, molecular epidemiology was analyzed among the CRKP strains using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight strains of CRKP (4.5%) were isolated and identified among the 187 KP strains, and seven of eight CRKP strains both exhibited resistance to imipenem, while one strain showed resistance to meropenem, and one demonstrated multiple resistance; eight CRKP strains carried a large amount of ARGs, among which amp_C/bla_DHA, bla_SHV-01, bla_SHV-02, tet_B-01, tet_B-02, tet_C-01, and tet_C-02 were the most abundant. The MGEs analysis revealed the presence of intI1 in all strains, while the detection rates of other MGEs varied, and strain 24 exhibited the highest diversity of MGE species. Seven virulence genes, including wabG, uge, ycf, entB, kpn, alls, and wcaG, showed positive results with different proportions across the strains. In addition, PFGE patterns indicated a high level of genetic diversity among the CRKP strains. MLST analysis classified the strains into different sequence types (STs).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlighted the diversity of CRKP strains isolated from giant panda feces, which exhibited varying levels of antibiotic resistance along with multiple ARGs, MGEs and virulence genes present. These findings emphasized the importance of monitoring and researching antibiotic resistance within wildlife populations to protect the health status of these conservation dependent animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"532"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11603722/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142749725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Bacteroides fragilis from the vagina of a giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) with vaginitis.","authors":"Chanjuan Yue, Xiaoping Ma, Wanjing Yang, Yiyan Liu, Zhisong Yang, Rong Hou, Xia Yan, Mei Yang, Xiaoyan Su, Songrui Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04401-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-024-04401-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bacteroides fragilis is a prevalent anaerobic bacterium typically resides in the human vagina. It is known to potentially induce infections under specific conditions. Interestingly, there have been no previous reports of B. fragilis being isolated from the vagina of giant pandas.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A novel strain of anaerobic bacteria was isolated from the vaginal tract of a giant panda exhibiting symptoms of vaginitis. This strain, designated as GPBF01, was identified as Bacteroides fragilis, a species commonly found in the vaginal microbiome of humans and other animals. After purifying of the single colony, a series of evaluations were conducted including morphological examination, physiological and biochemical identification, antibiotic resistance analysis, resistance genes detection, 16S rRNA sequence, and phylogenetic tree sequence analysis to investigate its biological characteristics. The findings indicated the presence of a predominant anaerobic bacterium, which was identified as B. fragilis and temporarily named GPBF01 with unique biological traits not previously.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study is the first to report B. fragilis in the vaginal tract of giant pandas. The analysis of antibiotic resistance patterns among anaerobic bacteria, as conducted in this research, is critical for informing the selection of appropriate antimicrobial agents in the clinical treatment of vaginitis in this species. The findings of this report substantially enhance the scientific basis needed to understand the etiology and refine therapeutic approaches for vaginitis in giant pandas.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"528"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11600859/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142738208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical signs, morphological and phylogenetic characterization of Myxozoan spp. infecting Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus and African catfish, Clarias gariepinus in Qalyubia Governorate, Egypt.","authors":"Doaa A Yassen, Eman A Abd El-Gawad, Khaled A Abd El-Razik, Karima F Mahrous, Amany A Abbass","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04378-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-024-04378-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Myxosporean endoparasites (phylum cnidarian) are critical pathogens that affect both wild and cultured freshwater and marine water fishes globally causing huge economic losses and high mortalities.</p><p><strong>Study objective: </strong>The present study investigated myxosporean infections in Nile tilapia and African catfish collected from the natural resources.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of four hundred Nile tilapia with an average weight (60 ± 5 g) and two hundred African catfish with an average weight (185 ± 30 g) were collected seasonally from Qalyubia Governorate, Egypt for parasitological and molecular diagnosis of isolated myxozoan species.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Microscopic examination revealed Myxobolus heterosporous, Myxobolus brachysporus, Myxobolus tilapiae, and Myxobolus amieti in Nile tilapia and Henneguya suprabranchiae, and Myxobolus brachysporus in African catfish. Sequencing of 18S rDNA gene for isolated Myxozoan spp. from Nile tilapia revealed Myxobolus tilapiae deposited in GenBank under accession numbers (OR766325 and OR766326). In African catfish, the isolated Myxobolus brachysporus sequence was deposited under accession numbers (OR766327 and OR766328). Henneguya suprabranchiae was also identified in African catfish (accession. No. OR763724 and OR763433).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, these results indicate a high prevalence of myxozoan infection in naturally inhabiting Nile tilapia and African catfish. Curiously, Henneguya suprabranchiae was detected in the digestive tract and kidneys of African catfish, which is considered a rare form.</p><p><strong>Implication: </strong>This study highlighted the importance of parasitic surveys in natural resources that impact fish production.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"530"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11600721/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142738224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic fermentation of Cordyceps militaris and herbal substrates boosts grower pig antioxidant and immune function.","authors":"Chia-Chen Pi, Yu-Chieh Cheng, Chun-Chia Chen, Jai-Wei Lee, Chao-Nan Lin, Ming-Tang Chiou, Hui-Wen Chen, Chiu-Hsia Chiu","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04338-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-024-04338-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pathogenic infections can significantly impact the health of livestock. Traditionally, antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) have been used in feed to enhance growth performance and disease control. However, concerns regarding antibiotic resistance have led to the exploration of traditional herbal medicine as a natural alternative, guided by the principle of medicine-food homology. The Taguchi method was employed to optimize the culture formula for cordycepin production, an active component of Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris). The influences of C. militaris supplementing solid-state fermentation (CMSSF) in feed on the growth performance and immune responses of grower pigs were evaluated in the present study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The C. militaris ethanol extract (CME) displayed potent free radical scavenging activity against 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) after undergoing fermentation. Additionally, the antibacterial testing revealed that CME effectively inhibits the growth of common pig pathogens such as Glaesserella parasuis, Pasteurella multocida, Staphylococcus hyicus, and Streptococcus suis. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated intestinal porcine enterocyte cell line (IPEC-J2), CME significantly suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6. In addition, higher antioxidative activity was detected as indicated by elevated concentration of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in pig serum. The levels of immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgA, and IgG antibodies, as well as classical swine fever virus (CSFV) antibodies (S/P ratio) in serum were all increased. Growth performance of pigs fed with dietary CMSSF supplementation was improved in comparison with the control.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results demonstrated that CMSSF has the potential to be used as a natural growth promoter to enhance immunity, antioxidation, as well as overall health and growth performance of grower pigs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"531"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11600677/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142738217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using a blend of oilseed meals in the diets of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): effects on the growth performance, feed utilization, intestinal health, growth, and metabolic-related genes.","authors":"Ahmed A Badran, Fawzy I Magouz, Amr I Zaineldin, Safaa E Abdo, Asem A Amer, Mahmoud S Gewaily, Mahmoud A O Dawood","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04373-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-024-04373-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, Nile tilapia were fed a blend of oilseed meals (BOM) that includes cottonseed meal (CSM), linseed meal (LSM), sesame meal (SSM), and sunflower meal (SFM) at a ratio of 1 CSM: 1 LSM: 1 SSM: 1 SFM. Six diets were formulated where the first diet included FM and SBM as protein sources and considered the positive control diet (FM). Another five FM-free diets were formulated, where SBM was substituted with BOM and included at 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 g/kg diet. After 90 days, the FBW, WG, and PER were markedly increased while FCR decreased by FM-based diet and BOM at 0, 100, or 200 g/kg compared to fish-fed BOM at 300, and 400 g/kg (P < 0.05). The groups treated with BOM at 100-200 g/kg demonstrated considerable impairments, followed by those treated with BOM at 300 g/kg. Furthermore, fish given BOM at 400 g/kg had significantly less intestinal histological characteristics than the other groups. The relative expression of the IGF-1, GHR1, FABP, and CCK genes were downregulated in tilapia-fed BOM at 200, 300, and 400 g/kg compared to fish-fed FM-based diet (P < 0.05). The relative cost of feed per kg fish gain showed 4.42, 7.11, 8.14, 10.32, and 8.10% reduction rates in fish-fed SBM, or BOM at 100, 200, 300, and 400 g/kg. In conclusion, dietary BOM can be incorporated in Nile tilapia diets at up to 200 g/kg without affecting growth performance or feed utilisation. High inclusion levels (300 and 400 g/kg) may impair growth performance and feed utilisation by disrupting intestinal histological characteristics and reducing expression of growth and metabolic genes (GHR1, IGF-1, FABP, and CCK) in the liver.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"529"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11600596/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142738262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment and preliminary application of PCR-RFLP genotyping method for Giardia duodenalis in goats.","authors":"Xuanru Mu, Jianchao Guo, Hongcai Wang, Yilong Li, Kaijian Yuan, Hui Xu, Wenjing Zeng, Qiaoyu Li, Xingang Yu, Yang Hong","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04386-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-024-04386-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Giardia duodenalis (G. duodenalis) is a globally distributed zoonotic protozoan that parasitizes the small intestines of humans and various mammals, such as goats and sheep. The objective of this study was to establish a convenient, accurate, and specific method based on restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) for genotyping assemblages A, B and E of G. duodenalis in goats. The β-giardin gene was amplified using primer pairs bgF1, bgR1, bgF2 and bgR2 by nested PCR. The PCR products were digested with the restriction enzymes Hinf I and Bgl I. The established PCR-RFLP method was used to detect and analyze the genetic subtypes of G. duodenalis in 130 fecal samples from goats and compared simultaneously with microscopic examination and nucleic acid sequencing for G. duodenalis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Genetic sequencing confirmed that the PCR-RFLP method accurately distinguished G. duodenalis assemblages A, B and E, as well as different combinations of mixed infections of these three assemblages. Among the 130 samples tested by PCR-RFLP, a total of 26 samples (20.00%) tested positive for G. duodenalis, a higher sensitivity than microscopic examination at 13.85% (18/130). Sequence alignment analysis revealed that among the 26 PCR-positive samples, two were identified as assemblage AI, while the remaining 24 were identified as assemblage E or E12.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study established an accurate, efficient and rapid PCR-RFLP genotyping method using the bg sequence of G. duodenalis, enabling accurate identification and effective differentiation of goat-derived G. duodenalis assemblages without requiring sequencing.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"527"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11590275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142725980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transmission risk of vector-borne bacterial diseases (Anaplasma spp. and Ehrlichia canis) in Spain and Portugal.","authors":"Alfonso Balmori-de la Puente, Iván Rodríguez-Escolar, Manuel Collado-Cuadrado, Elena Infante González-Mohino, María Carmen Vieira Lista, Ricardo Enrique Hernández-Lambraño, José Ángel Sánchez-Agudo, Rodrigo Morchón","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04383-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-024-04383-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis are vector-borne bacterial diseases produced by intracellular rickettsial species of the genus Ehrlichia and Anaplasma. Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma spp. (A. platys and A. phagocytophilum) have reported cases of zoonotic transmision and are the main bacterial agents of canine ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis. They normally present an asymptomatic or mild course in domestic and wild animals with some lethal cases reported. The main vector of these diseases in Europe are the castor bean tick (Ixodes ricinus) and the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus), although only in the latter, the main host is the domestic dogs. The aim of this work is to apply an integrative approach to convert ecological niche models (ENMs) into potential transmission risk models and understand the relative contribution of the two potential vectors (R. sanguineus and I. ricinus) to spread both diseases in the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two ENMs meeting all criteria were successfully generated for R. sanguineus and I. ricinus with human footprint being the most relevant explanatory variable. The novelty of the study lies in the combination of independent ENMs for both species to estimate the disease transmission risk of specific bacteria (E. canis, A. platys and A. phagocytophilum). Only the transmission risk maps that had higher contribution of R. sanguineus than I. ricinus showed relevant and positive significant correlations between risk and seroprevalence in either of the two species of bacteria (R ≥ 0.4; p < 0.05). Regarding Anaplasma spp., the map having 10% contribution of I. ricinus (10I) and 90% of R. sanguineus (90R) inferred 47.4% of infected dogs in very high-risk areas. In the case of E. canis, the model showing a proportion of 25I-75R showed better validation power (53.4% of infected dogs in very high-risk areas).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The validation approach used in this study produced a good approximation to understand the relative contribution of the two tick species in bacterial disease transmission in dogs in the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands. Rhipicephalus sanguineus appears as the main transmitter of both diseases in the study area (90% and 75% for anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis respectively), in accordance with its higher abundance and host preference. This estimate may help veterinary staff, clinicians and owners to optimize the control of these diseases in certain vulnerable areas, and thus reduce the risk of infection in risk areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"526"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11590303/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142725981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical presentation, investigation findings, and treatment outcomes of intraluminal small intestinal obstruction by bezoars and other materials in adult cows- a retrospective study of 110 cases.","authors":"Ueli Braun, Christian Gerspach, Elena Bennien, Monika Hilbe, Karl Nuss","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04379-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-024-04379-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Small intestinal obstruction (SIO) is a blockage of the intestinal lumen by blunt foreign bodies, neoplasms originating from the intestinal wall or thick chyme. This study analysed the medical records (only data) of 110 cattle with SIO and described the clinical findings, treatment and outcome. These findings were compared between surviving and non-surviving cattle, and among the affected regions such as the duodenum, jejunum and ileum.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Colic occurred in 42.7% (47/110) of the cattle. Rumen motility was absent in all cattle and intestinal motility was reduced or absent in 82.6% (90/109). Ballottement and/or percussion and simultaneous auscultation were positive on the right side in 63.3% (69/109). Little or no faeces in the rectum occurred in 93.6% (102/109) of the cattle. Dilated loops of small intestines could be palpated transrectally in 46.8% (51/109) and the actual obstruction (palpated as a firm mass in the small intestine) in 5.5% (6/109) of the cattle. The main laboratory changes were hypokalaemia (80.9%, 89/110), hypermagnesaemia (75.3% 58/77), hypocalcaemia (71.8%, 56/78), haemoconcentration (66.4%, 73/110), azotaemia (66.4%, 73/110) and positive base excess (63.3%, 62/98). Abnormal ultrasonographic findings included dilated loops of small intestines (94.3%, 83/88) and subjectively reduced or absent small intestinal motility (85.4%, 70/82). The actual obstruction could be visualised in 3.4% (3/89) of the cattle by ultrasonography. In the 14 non-surviving and the 96 surviving cattle the frequencies of abdominal dilatation (57.1%, 8/14 vs. 22.1%, 21/95) and the presence of blood, mucus and/or fibrin in the rectum (92.9%, 13/14 vs. 63.2%, 60/95) were significantly different. Abomasal reflux syndrome was significantly worse in the cattle with duodenal obstruction (26/110) than in those with jejunal (51/110) or ileal obstruction (33/110). A total of 107 cattle underwent right flank laparotomy, and the obstruction was resolved by massaging the affected area or it was removed via enterotomy. Of the 110 cattle, 14 (12.7%) were euthanized and 96 (87.3%) were discharged 3 to 10 days after surgery.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Transrectal and/or ultrasonographic diagnosis is the exception, and in almost all cases laparotomy, was required. The prognosis is good provided that surgical treatment is carried out promptly.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"525"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11580191/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142685978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infectious keratoconjunctivitis in European bison (Bison bonasus) in Poland: risk factors, epidemiology and anatomopathological changes with analysis of potential role of Thelazia nematodes in the disease development.","authors":"Katarzyna Filip-Hutsch, Aleksander W Demiaszkiewicz, Tomasz Hutsch, Karolina Duk, Daniel Klich, Anna M Pyziel, Paulina Balińska, Krzysztof Anusz","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04375-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-024-04375-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC) is a common ocular disease of ruminants worldwide. Recently, an outbreak of infectious keratoconjunctivitis was observed in the European bison in Poland. Hundreds of animals show conjunctival congestion, corneal opacity, and ulceration, leading to total blindness. The present study aimed to examine the ocular changes of European bison and patterns of the disease occurrence with special emphasis on the role of Thelazia nematodes in the development of IKC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The eyes of 131 European bison, showing ocular signs and clinically healthy, were collected in Poland in 2021 - 2022 and subjected to parasitological and histopathological examination. Histopathology showed varying lesions, including corneal erosions or ulcers, diffuse purulent infiltrates to lymphocytic infiltration in the cornea, and lymphocytic or mixed conjunctivitis with CALT stimulation. The severity of ocular changes was higher in European bison from mountain areas and during the winter season. Two species of Thelazia nematodes - T. skrjabini and T. gulosa have been isolated from eyes. Prevalence of infection reached over 66.4%, and the infection intensity ranged from 1 to 16 nematodes per individual. Although nematodes of the genus Thelazia were prevalent in European bison, their occurrence did not correspond with the severity of ocular changes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of our studies allowed to identify patterns related to the first outbreak of infectious keratoconjunctivitis in European bison. Living in mountain areas and winter season were the most predisposing factors for the development of ocular changes. Despite the high prevalence of Thelazia nematodes in the present study, their role in forming ocular lesions was not confirmed.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"524"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11580673/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142685979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey in ruminants from Rwanda revealed high diversity and prevalence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales.","authors":"Emmanuel Irimaso, Helga Keinprecht, Michael P Szostak, Adriana Cabal Rosel, Beatrix Stessl, Amelie Desvars-Larrive, Christophe Ntakirutimana, Otto W Fischer, Thomas Wittek, Elke Müller, Andrea T Feßler, Sascha D Braun, Stefan Schwarz, Stefan Monecke, Ralf Ehricht, Joachim Spergser, Werner Ruppitsch, Igor Loncaric","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04359-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-024-04359-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Enterobacterales constitutes a significant threat to the health of both humans and animals and a socioeconomic problem. Enterobacterales, mainly Escherichia coli, carrying β-lactamases has become one of the main indicators to estimate the burden of AMR in animals within \"One Health\" approach.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the presence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales associated with ruminants (cattle, sheep, goats) habituated in all five provinces of Rwanda and to perform in depth characterization of isolates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We screened 454 rectal swabs from 203 cows, 170 goats, and 81 sheep and selective isolation of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales was conducted. Isolates were identified as a members of the order Enterobacterales by MALDI-TOF MS and further characterized by susceptibility testing and by whole-genome sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of the 454 samples, 64 extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales were isolated from 58 animals. Isolates belonged to seven bacterial species and were identified as Escherichia coli (n = 54), Enterobacter bugandensis (n = 4), Enterobacter mori (n = 2), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 2), Enterobacter dykesii (n = 1), and Citrobacter freundii (n = 1). All isolates displayed an Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) phenotype, with exception of Citrobacter freundii isolate displayed both an ESBL and AmpC phenotype. In addition, all Enterobacter isolates were identified as stably de-repressed AmpC-producers. ESBLs genes, bla_CTX-M-15 was predominant. Resistance to tetracycline and tet(A) was most frequently observed among non-β-lactam resistance. Forty-eight isolates displayed multidrug-resistance phenotypes. A shiga toxin-producing E. coli and an enterotoxigenic E. coli isolate were observed. Genome comparisons revealed thirty-five E. coli sequence types (ST) (ST10, ST307 being predominate).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Considering the high proximity between ruminants and humans in Rwanda, the dissemination of antimicrobial drug resistance highlights the public health threats and requires the joint and multisectoral action of human and veterinary medicine, at human-animal-environment interfaces. Therefore, it is important to establish national and global \"One Health\" surveillance programs of AMR to tackle the antibiotic-resistant crisis in human and veterinary medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"523"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11575003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142675150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}