BMC Veterinary Research最新文献

{"title":"Isolation and pathogenicity of a highly virulent recombinant GIIc subtype PEDV strain.","authors":"Jinpeng Fan, Yanling Liu, Wenqian Fu, Lu Chen, Yongtao Li, Zeng Wang, Dongliang Li, Pandeng Zhao, Wenjuan Du, Dan Rao, Ning Zhang, Changxu Song, Linyang Yu","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05714-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05714-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) is a highly contagious enteric coronavirus causing acute watery diarrhoea and high mortality in neonatal piglets, threatening the global swine industry. In recent years, GIIc subtype PEDV has spread rapidly across China via natural recombination and antigenic drift, undermining conventional vaccine efficacy. Here, we isolated and characterized a novel GIIc PEDV strain CHjx2025 from diarrheic piglets in Ji'an City, Jiangxi Province, China. Full-length genome sequencing and recombination analysis identified CHjx2025 as a natural intra-lineage recombinant of two GIIc strains (CH-JXJA-2017 as major parent and CH-SWM-RN-2025 as minor parent), with a recombination breakpoint at nucleotide 11,201 of ORF1a. Comparative analysis revealed 49 unique amino acid substitutions in the spike (S) protein core region relative to the classic vaccine strain CV777, including 10 in the core receptor-binding domain (COE) and 1 in the 2C10 neutralizing epitope. Structural modeling confirmed CHjx2025 retains a canonical homotrimeric type I fusion protein structure but exhibits distinct NTD and D0 domains versus CV777. In vitro, CHjx2025 showed strong replicative capacity, forming larger plaques and reaching 10^6.5TCID₅₀/mL in Vero cells at 24 hpi. Notably, in vivo challenge induced vomiting and anorexia in neonatal piglets as early as 12 hpi, with 100% mortality within 60 h, severe intestinal villous atrophy, and unprecedented multinucleated syncytia in intestinal epithelial cells. These findings highlight the evolving diversity and enhanced pathogenicity of GIIc PEDV via intra-subtype recombination and epitope mutations, underscoring the need for continuous surveillance and GIIc-specific vaccine development to control PED outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148435092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-sectional study of prevalence and economic importance of bovine fasciolosis at Kombolcha Elfora Abattoir, Amhara Region, Northern Ethiopia.","authors":"Degaga Guder Gemeda, Temesgen Takele Tafese","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05708-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05708-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study was conducted from October 2024 to June 2025 at the Kombolcha ELFORA abattoir and Processing Plant to assess the prevalence and economic impact of bovine Fasciolosis in cattle sourced from three agroecological zones in northern Ethiopia. From the 382 examined bovine samples, 184 faecal samples (48.17%) and 195 livers (51.05%) tested positive for Fasciolosis. Infection rates were highest in cattle with poor body condition (51.55% in faecal samples and 54.64% in livers), followed by medium (47.62% and 50%) and good body condition groups (20% and 25%, respectively), with significant differences observed between groups (p < 0.05). Breed and body condition were significantly associated with liver infection (p = 0.031 and p = 0.039, respectively). Species distribution varied by agroecology: among the 195 positive cattle, 83.56% and 16.44% of F. hepatica were from Dega and Weynadega, respectively; 94% and 6% of F. gigantica were from Kola and Weynadega; and all mixed infections (100%) occurred in Weynadega, showing significantly associated (P < 0.05) Fasciola species prevalence with agroecological variations. The direct and indirect financial losses due to bovine Fasciolosis at the Kombolcha ELFORA abattoir were estimated at approximately 7,218,521.05 Ethiopian birr per quarter. The study concluded that Fasciolosis is highly prevalent in cattle and imposes significant economic burdens, emphasising the necessity of targeted interventions by stakeholders and government authorities to support the beef industry in the region and across Ethiopia.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13647729/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148429722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of mixed microbial silage of mulberry and navel orange residue on growth performance, blood metabolism, and rumen microbiome changes in beef cattle.","authors":"Xianhong Cao, Xiaozhen Song, Haining Guo, Xiang Ou, Chao Chen, Rongqiang Chen, Qiang Zhang, Hai Lian, Hualiang Xie, Tao Fu, Huizhen Cao, Xiaowen Lei","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05720-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05720-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mulberry and navel orange residue are limited in practical application due to high moisture content, susceptibility to spoilage, and the presence of minor anti-nutritional factors. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of mixed microbial silage of mulberry and navel orange residue on growth performance, blood metabolism, and rumen microbiome changes in beef cattle. Twenty-four healthy 20-22‑month‑old male Simmental crossbred beef cattle were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments: CON, SQ1, SQ2, and SQ3 groups were fed diets containing 0%, 20%, 30%, 40% of mixed microbial silage, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the end of the 90-day feeding trial, dietary 30% mixed microbial silage can improve ADG, reduce F/G and serum levels of ALT, UA and TC, increase levels of blood PLT, P-LCC, LYM and EOS in beef cattle (P < 0.05). The serum MDA level in SQ2 group was significantly lower than that in CON and SQ3 groups (P < 0.05), while CAT activity was the highest among all treatments (P < 0.05). Notably, the Shannon, Chao1 and Observed_species indices of the rumen microbiome in SQ3 group were significantly lower than those in CON group (P < 0.05). The relative abundances of Bacteroidetes and Patescibacteria in SQ3 group were lower than those in CON group (P < 0.05). Additionally, mixed microbial silage decreased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and increased that of Actinobacteria. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Cryptobacteroides in SQ1 and SQ2 groups were lower than that in CON group (P < 0.05), whereas those of SFMI01 and UBA1711 in SQ2 group were increased (P < 0.05). In addition, significant correlations were observed among growth performance, serum antioxidant capacity and rumen microbiome, and a potential competitive exclusion relationship existed within the rumen microbial community.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Collectively, these findings suggested that dietary supplementation with 30% mixed microbial silage of mulberry and navel orange residue could improve growth performance, enhance serum antioxidant capacity and stabilize rumen fermentation of beef cattle. Meanwhile, the altered rumen microbiome may improve growth performance in beef cattle by regulating antioxidant capacity.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13647688/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148435062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The erection of two subgenera for Metarhadinorhynchus Yamaguti, 1959 (Acanthocephala: Isthmosacanthida) with a redescription of Metarhadinorhynchus (Metarhadinorhynchus) indicus in India.","authors":"Omar M Amin, Anshu Chaudhary, Nataliya Rubtsova, Bindu Sharma","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05569-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05569-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adult Metarhadinorhynchus indicus (Bhattacharya & Banerjee, 2003) Kita, Nitta, Kajihara, 2024 were originally described from Megalaspis cordyla (Linn.) in the Chennai coast, Tamil Nadu, India as Gorgorhynchoides indicus Bhattacharya & Banerjee, 2003. The genus Gorgorhynchoides Cable and Linderoth, 1963 was later synonymized with the genus Metarhadinorhynchus Yamaguti 1959.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We accept the synonymies involving 15 species of Gorgorhynchoides transferred to Metarhadinorhynchus. Our recognition of the synonymies is partially resolved with the erection of two subgenera: Metarhadinorhynchus (Metarhadinorhynchus) subgen. nov. with 12 species and Metarhadinorhynchus (Cylindratus) subgenus nov. with 3 species based on the presence or absence of anterior trunk swelling, respectively. We have recently collected cystacanths of M. indicus from the Asia seabass, Lates calarifer (Barramundi) off Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India. The cystacanths were comparable to the adults in the morphology of the common non-reproductive structures such as proboscis hooks and trunk spines with some variations mostly because of inaccuracies of descriptive statements in the original description. Comparisons are tabulated. Trunk size and reproductive structures varied because of their underdevelopment in the cystacanth stage. The anterior trunk swelling was sufficiently evident to confirm its presence in all stages of M. indicus. The long multinucleated filiform coiling lemnisci were similarly observed and the female genital pore is decidedly dorso-subterminal and not on the ventral side. A tabulated morphological description of the cystacanths and adults jointly constitute the redescription of M. indicus. The molecular characterization of the nuclear gene (18 S) and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) sequence data of Metarhadinorhynchus (Metarhadinorhynchus) indicus is provided for the first time. Sequences from both genes were aligned and compared with other acanthocephalan species available in GenBank.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The phylogenetic analyses supported the establishment of the current species under the genus Metarhadinorhynchus Yamaguti, 1959. Additionally, in order to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships of the genus Metarhadinorhynchus, phylogenetic analyses were performed integrating different gene (18 S + cox1) sequence data using maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI). Our data supplement the molecular data for species description in the most reliable taxonomic frameworks alongside traditional morphological analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13560246/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148418511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in paratuberculosis research and control: a comprehensive expert review.","authors":"R Arrazuria, M Alonso-Hearn, R A Juste, A Facciuolo, A P Koets, H Köhler, R Guatteo, I R Grant, K Plain, C G Mc Aloon, D Graham, C Verdugo, M Ricchi, S L Mundo, N Elguezabal","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05717-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05717-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review summarizes the 2025 update of the DISCONTOOLS gap analysis for Paratuberculosis, which was based on scientific literature review combined with expert knowledge. It summarizes recent advances across key areas including diagnostics, epidemiology, pathogenesis, vaccination, genetic resistance and alternative therapies. Progress in understanding host-pathogen interactions and immune responses is highlighted alongside developments in diagnostic tools such as molecular assays and phage-based detection. Vaccination strategies continue to evolve with efforts to improve efficacy and reduce interference with bovine Tuberculosis testing. Genetic studies reveal certain heritability of resistance traits, supporting breeding programs as complementary control measures. Alternative therapies including antibodies, mycobacteriophages, and probiotics show promise for early-life infection management. This review also addresses potential public health implications mostly related to the association with Crohn's disease. Despite advances, significant knowledge gaps persist, emphasizing the need for advanced control strategies or therapies to effectively manage Paratuberculosis in ruminants.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13647809/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148418567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report and molecular characterization of gizzard erosion-associated fowl adenovirus serotype 8a in Thailand.","authors":"Sittinee Kulprasertsri, Nuttawat Leeraksakiat, Sakuna Phatthanakunanan, Pattrawut Saengnual, Ploypassorn Homklinkaew, Passorn Wonnapinij, Preeda Lertwatcharasarakul, Wallaya Phongphaew","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05713-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05713-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gizzard erosion (GE) and ulceration are occasionally have been occasionally associated with several serotypes of fowl adenovirus (FAdV), particularly serotype 1 (FAdV-1). Clinical signs of adenoviral GE (AGE) are often subclinical with low mortality. In Thailand, FAdV-2, 8b, and 11 have been reported in association with inclusion body hepatitis (IBH), however, AGE remains undocumented. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate FAdV-associated GE and characterize the FAdV strain detected in GE-affected chickens in Thailand.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Histopathological evaluation revealed intranuclear inclusion bodies within glandular epithelial cells of eroded gizzards. In situ hybridization (ISH) demonstrated positive signals for FAdV nucleic acid within affected glandular epithelial cells, and PCR targeting the hexon gene further confirmed the presence of FAdV genetic material. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of the complete hexon and fiber genes identified the virus associated with GE as FAdV-8a, designated FAdV8a_NPT_KU001_25. Multiple amino acid sequence alignment of the Fiber protein showed that the Thai GE-associated isolate was more closely related to a gizzard-tropic FAdV-8a strain than to an IBH-associated FAdV-8a strain. Although amino acid variations within the knob domain may be associated with differences in tissue tropism and clinical manifestations, their biological significance and role in pathogenesis require further investigation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study represents the first report of a potential GE-associated FAdV-8a strain in Thailand. The findings suggest an association between FAdV-8a infection and GE lesions in affected chickens. However, the etiological role and pathogenic mechanisms of FAdV-8a in GE remain unclear and require further investigation, including experimental reproduction studies. The genomic characterization of this strain provides additional information that may contribute to a better understanding of the genetic diversity and evolution of FAdV-8a.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13647637/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148418532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial use, resistance awareness, and biosecurity practices among poultry and aquaculture farmers in Nigeria: a cross-sectional KAP survey.","authors":"Chinemerem Daniel Onwuliri, Dauda Dauda Ibrahim, Kelvin Olutimilehin Jolayemi, Adetomiwa Gbolade, Donald Udah, Henry Ekechi, Ndahi Mwapu, Zainab Abdulkareem, Maureen Rumun Kokoiwen, Esther Ayandipo, Dooshima Kwange, Charles Salifu, Mohammed Musa Ishiyaku, Columba Vakuru, Samuel Anzaku, Babatunde Akinola, Mathias Besong, Chidozie Ezechukwu","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05705-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05705-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a growing threat to food production systems. In Nigeria, poultry and aquaculture sectors face heightened vulnerability due to high disease burdens, frequent antimicrobial use, and variable biosecurity practices. This study assessed AMR-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among value-chain respondents across four Nigerian states.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional KAP survey was conducted in January 2025 among 183 respondents across Anambra, Akwa Ibom, Kano, and Kwara states using multi-stage sampling. Data were collected via structured face-to-face interviews and analysed using Chi-square tests, Spearman's correlation, and binary logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most respondents were aged 35-44 years (40.44%) with tertiary education having 80.33%. Disease incidence was high (84.15%), with bacterial infections most common (39.61%, n = 154). Antimicrobial use was high (92.90%), primarily for treatment (87.06% of users), with 22.35% self-prescribing. AMR awareness was reported by 71.58%, mainly from veterinary officers (87.02%) and social media (48.09%) among AMR-aware respondents (n = 131). Awareness was significantly associated with education level (χ²=57.16, df = 3, p < 0.001) and inversely correlated with use frequency (ρ=-0.279, p < 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression identified education as the strongest predictor; secondary-educated farmers were 98% less likely to be AMR-aware than tertiary-educated (OR = 0.02, 95% CI: 0.00-0.07, p < 0.001). Biosecurity awareness was high (72.68%) but training coverage was low (53.55%; χ²=13.46, df = 1, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Widespread antimicrobial use, moderate AMR awareness, and inconsistent biosecurity practices were identified. Education was the strongest predictor of AMR awareness, underscoring the need for non-formal AMR communication strategies. Feed millers, sellers, and allied value-chain actors should be incorporated into national AMR stewardship programmes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13647779/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148418577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human-mediated determinants of trypanocide use in dogs in Southeastern Nigeria: a cross-sectional survey with implications for resistance and One Health.","authors":"Chukwunonso Francis Obi, Romanus Chukwuduruo Ezeokonkwo","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05716-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05716-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Trypanocide resistance is an escalating threat to African animal trypanosomosis control, yet how dogs are actually treated for trypanosomosis, by who, with what drugs, and under what oversight, remains poorly characterized despite the documented presence of resistant trypanosome populations in this neglected host compartment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a cross-sectional survey interpreted within a One Health framework, grounded in data from Enugu North Senatorial Zone, Southeastern Nigeria, we integrate previously published molecular and epidemiological data on canine trypanosomes with original cross-sectional survey data from 120 dog-owning households and 250 dogs. Associations are descriptive and inferential; no new resistance assays or transmission studies were undertaken.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Survey data revealed that 87.5% of treated dogs received treatment without prior parasitological confirmation, 83% received doses estimated without weight-based calculation, and 76.7% of households obtained trypanocides from unregulated sources. Only 38.3% had geographic access to a licensed veterinarian, and 60% reported no community access to diagnostic testing. Inter-household dog movement was documented in 44.2% of households and 57.5% reported livestock co-habitation. These findings are consistent with sustained selective pressure for resistance, interpreted alongside published evidence of diminazene-resistant and multidrug-resistant Trypanosoma isolates from the same zone.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dogs emerge as plausible reservoirs and amplifiers of drug-resistant trypanosomes within a One Health framework, posing risks to livestock productivity and public health. The molecular identification of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in study-area dogs warrants structured surveillance investigation. Direct transmission pathways were not evaluated. Addressing these drivers requires robust veterinary drug regulation, expanded veterinary service access, community education, and integration of companion animals into national trypanosomosis surveillance frameworks.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13644197/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148418563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of biochemical, radiological, and histopathological findings in hepatic lipidosis and iron storage disease of common mynas (Acridotheres tristis).","authors":"Anis Moradi, Hadi Cheraghi, Mostafa Razmjoo, Mohammad Hashemnia, Sarang Soroori","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05697-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05697-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to its unique metabolism and digestive traits, the common myna (Acridotheres tristis) is particularly susceptible to liver diseases, including iron storage disease (ISD) and hepatic lipidosis. This study, conducted on 29 mynas referred to veterinary centers in Kermanshah, aimed to evaluate correlations between serological findings, radiographic features, and histopathological changes. Blood biochemical and antioxidant parameters were assessed, and liver size measurements were obtained via radiographs in lateral and ventrodorsal positions. Ultrasound-guided fine-needle core biopsies provided tissue samples for histopathological evaluation and disease severity assessment. Results showed that serum cholesterol > 129.5 mg/dL (p = 0.0012) and triglycerides > 55 mg/dL (p = 0.0071) were significantly associated with hepatic lipidosis. The mean Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in affected birds was 0.8384 nM, correlating with larger liver sizes. Radiographs indicated liver sizes > 67.45 mm, with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealing 83.33% sensitivity and 87.5% specificity for detecting hepatic conditions. Serum ferritin > 1.955 ng/mL was identified as a reliable diagnostic indicator for ISD. However, radiographic liver size alone was insufficient for definitive differentiation between hepatic lipidosis and ISD. Using Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) and Prussian blue staining, histopathological examination confirmed lipid and glycogen deposition in hepatic lipidosis and hemosiderin accumulation in ISD, validating the biochemical findings. This study highlights the necessity of multimodal diagnostic approach integrating biochemical, radiological, and histopathological techniques for accurate diagnosis and management of hepatic diseases in mynas.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13628805/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148418548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Timing of florfenicol administration determines the protective efficacy of an Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae live attenuated vaccine in pigs.","authors":"Song Qi, Qi-Yun He, Peng Chen, Yi-Qing Li, Rong-Chen Jiang, Zhong-En Teng, Jin-Fu Huang, Wei-Cheng Bei","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05718-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05718-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) is a major cause of severe respiratory disease in pigs and is associated with substantial economic losses. During outbreaks, the urgent use of antibiotics in infected herds often conflicts with emergency vaccination of at-risk animals, as antibiotics may impair the effectiveness of live vaccines. This study investigated how the timing of florfenicol administration affects the protective immunity induced by a live attenuated APP vaccine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty pigs were immunized with a live attenuated APP vaccine (HB04M strain). Animals were divided into six groups (n = 5 per group). Four groups received a single therapeutic dose of florfenicol at the time of immunization (0 dpi), or at 1, 3, and 5 days post-immunization (dpi). The remaining groups served as controls, including a vaccine-only group without florfenicol treatment and an unvaccinated blank control group. Nasal colonization by the vaccine strain was monitored by qPCR. Humoral immune responses (ApxII/III antibodies, IL-4) and cellular immune responses (IFN-γ, IL-6) were measured by ELISA. At 7 dpi, all pigs were challenged intranasally with a lethal dose of mixed heterologous APP serotypes 1 and 5. Clinical signs, survival, and lung pathology were evaluated for 7 days after challenge.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Florfenicol significantly reduced nasal colonization by the vaccine strain, and this reduction was associated with a marked, time-dependent inhibition of both humoral and cellular immune responses. In the G1 (florfenicol at 0 dpi), seroconversion was almost completely abolished, and protective efficacy was lowest, with a survival rate of 20%. Clinical scores and lung lesions in this group were comparable to those in the blank control group, in which survival was 0%. Protection improved as antibiotic treatment was delayed. Survival rates were 40% in G2 (1 dpi/florfenicol) and G3 (3 dpi/florfenicol) groups, and 60% in G4 (5 dpi/florfenicol). The G4 group also exhibited milder clinical signs and significantly less severe lung pathology than the early-treatment groups (P < 0.05). The vaccine-only group (G5) showed the highest level of protection, with an 80% survival rate.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The inhibitory effect of florfenicol on the protective efficacy of a live attenuated APP vaccine is strongly dependent on the timing of administration. To preserve vaccine-induced immunity, florfenicol should be avoided during the first 3 days after vaccination. Delaying treatment until at least 5 days post-vaccination may provide a better balance between necessary antibiotic therapy and the developmen of protective immunity, offering a practical approach to APP outbreak control.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13644037/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148418522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}