BMC Veterinary Research最新文献

{"title":"Establishment and characterisation of a novel canine mast cell tumour cell line (C18).","authors":"Sudchaya Bhanpattanakul, Supranee Buranapraditkun, Theerayuth Kaewamatawong, Patharakrit Teewasutrakul, Sirintra Sirivisoot, Panida Poonsin, Anudep Rungsipipat, Praopilas Phakdeedindan, Takayuki Nakagawa, Achariya Sailasuta, Theerawat Tharasanit","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04603-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04603-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mast cell tumour (MCT) is a life-threatening neoplasm commonly found in dogs worldwide. The outcome of treatment for dogs with cutaneous MCT is currently poor, mainly because of the tumour's aggressiveness and the heterogeneity in tumour behaviour. This study established a novel canine MCT cell line and compared with three reference canine MCT cell lines (CMMC, VIMC and CoMS) in terms of their characteristics and tumour sensitivity to immune cell-mediated cytotoxicity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 18 MCT samples, only one cell line derived from high grade cutaneous MCT was established and referred to as C18 cell line. The C18 cell line could be maintained for over 100 passages while they still exhibited c-kit, tryptase, FcεRIα and FcεRIβ expression. The C18 had the longest doubling time and smallest tumour spheroid size when compared to the other three reference cell lines. The C18 also had c-kit internal tandem duplication (ITD) in exon 11 and nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in five genes, namely c-kit, HYAL4, SEL1L, SPAM1 and TRAF3. For a comparison of tumour sensitivity to immune cell-mediated cytotoxicity, the percentages of early and total apoptotic cells were significantly increased in all four cell lines. However, the percentages of viable cells were significantly decreased only in C18.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, a novel canine cutaneous MCT cell line was successfully established, in terms of its characteristics, growth behavior and interaction with PBMCs. The C18 cell line holds a potential promise for advancing studies and developing new therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"149"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11884003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143571969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of an IRF8 gene in common carp (Cyprinus carpio. L) and its regulatory role in immune responses.","authors":"Yaoyao Zhu, Guiwen Yang","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04607-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04607-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Interferon (IFN) regulatory factors (IRF) are the crucial transcription factors for IFN expression and leading host cells response to viral infection. IRF8 in mammals plays vital roles in the innate and adaptive immune systems. In this study, we identified and characterized the common carp (Cyprinus carpio. L) IRF8 gene (ccIRF8) to further clarify the function of IRF8 in teleost fish.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The complete cDNA sequence of ccIRF8 was 1431 bp and encodes a polypeptide of 431 amino acids. Analysis of the putative amino acid sequence showed that ccIRF8 encodes structures typical of the IRF family, including a DNA-binding domain (DBD), an IRF-association domain (IAD) and two nuclear localization signals (NLS). Comparison with homologous proteins showed that the deduced protein has the highest sequence identity to grass carp IRF8 (92.7%). Phylogenetic analysis grouped ccIRF8 with other IRF8s of teleosts. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that ccIRF8 transcripts were detectable in all investigated tissues of healthy fish with the highest level in spleen. Following poly I: C and Aeromonas hydrophila challenge, ccIRF8 transcripts were induced significantly in immune relevant tissues. In addition, ccIRF8 was induced by poly I: C and ipopolysaccharide (LPS), peptidoglycan (PGN) and flagellin in HKLs. Overexpression of ccIRF8 increased the expression of IFN and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), and a dual-luciferase reporter assay revealed that ccIRF8 decreased the activation of NF-κB though TRAF6.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, our findings provide a new perspective on the role of IRF8 in innate immunity in fish, as well as insights that will help the prevention and control of disease in the common carp farming industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"143"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11881467/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143555766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety of ilunocitinib tablets (Zenrelia™) after once daily oral administration in dogs.","authors":"Emmanuelle A Kuntz, Les Gabor, Céline E Toutain","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04579-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04579-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ilunocitinib is a new molecular entity of the Janus kinase inhibitor (JAKi) class for the treatment and control of symptoms of allergic skin disease conditions, such as pruritus and skin lesions in dogs. This laboratory study with ilunocitinib tablets (Zenrelia™, Elanco) investigated the safety in healthy dogs treated once daily for 6 months. The study was a randomized, blinded, parallel-group design examining one (1X), two (2X), three (3X) and five (5X) times the maximum recommended dose (0.8 mg/kg) compared to sham dosed control dogs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty male and 20 female healthy Beagle dogs, 11 to 12-month of age, with a mean body weight ranging from 9.85 to 10.46 kg, were randomized to an untreated control group or ilunocitinib treatment groups at daily dose rates of 0.8 mg/kg (1X), 1.6 mg/kg (2X), 2.4 mg/kg (3X), or 4.0 mg/kg (5X) over six months. All animals were fed within 30 min prior to treatment. Safety assessments included general health observations, clinical observations (including complete physical and neurological examinations), ophthalmology, clinical pathology, peripheral blood immunophenotyping, body weight, food consumption, pharmacokinetic blood collections, organ macroscopic and microscopic examinations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No effects of the treatment were noted on body weight, food consumption, physical and neurological examinations, urinalysis, peripheral blood immunophenotype, and ophthalmoscopic examinations. Clinical findings included non-exudative skin lesions, skin lesions with discharge, swollen paw(s), skin thickening, skin discoloration or scabbing of the feet (paws/digits), in both male and female dogs. Changes in clinical pathology included marginally decreased red cell mass, lower eosinophils, higher C-reactive protein, total protein and fibrinogen, lower albumin and albumin: globulin levels. Microscopic findings included skin inflammation and focal dermatitis/furunculosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Ilunocitinib was well tolerated when administered daily over six months at 0.8 mg/kg and multiples thereof up to 4.0 mg/kg in Beagle dogs. At the therapeutic dose, no clinically significant changes were observed. Minimal changes in hematological parameters, total protein, and fibrinogen were noted at the higher doses. All of these findings, consistent with the known pharmacology of the JAKi class at exaggerated dosing, support the safe and chronic use of Zenrelia™ tablets.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11881343/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Canine colorectal proliferative lesions: a retrospective study of 217 cases.","authors":"Joanna Fiedorowicz, Katarzyna Paździor-Czapula, Iwona Otrocka-Domagała","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04567-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04567-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Colorectal proliferative lesions are not common in dogs. However, recently we have observed an increase in the number of diagnosed cases and a lack of publications providing current epidemiological data on lesions of the large intestine in dogs. The aim of this study was a retrospective analysis of 217 canine colorectal non-neoplastic and neoplastic nodular lesions, and assessment of the frequency of occurrence of individual lesions and whether there is a risk of their occurrence depending on age, sex, or dog breed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Half of the cases (52.5%) were malignant tumours with a significant predominance of adenocarcinoma (42.9%). In the group of malignant non-epithelial lesions, lymphoma and sarcomas predominated (4.1% and 4.1%, respectively) followed by three cases of plasmacytoma. Benign neoplastic tumours constituted almost one-third of all cases (26.7%) with obvious dominance of adenoma (24.0%). Benign mesenchymal tumours were represented only by leiomyoma (2.8%). The non-neoplastic lesions were represented by a heterogeneous group of polyps (20.3%) with a slight advantage of hyperplastic type (9.7%) and less numerous inflammatory, fibroblastic, lymphoid, and hamartomatous polyps. One case of ganglioneuromatosis in hamartomatous polyp was diagnosed. The vast majority of lesions, both non-neoplastic and neoplastic, were found in the rectum. French Bulldogs were the most numerous breeds in our study, especially among adenomas. Furthermore, benign tumours were diagnosed in younger animals than malignant tumours.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of our research provided new data expanding knowledge about the epidemiology of colorectal neoplastic and non-neoplastic proliferative lesions in dogs. Our results indicate that the majority of colorectal proliferative lesions in dogs are malignant, which is alarming. French Bulldogs could possibly be predisposed to proliferative lesions of the large intestine, and this predisposition was statistically confirmed in adenomas. Moreover, benign tumours may occur in animals as young as 1-2 years old.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"145"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11881498/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143566062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral nicotinic acid administration effect on lipids, thyroid hormones, and oxidative stress in intact adult dogs.","authors":"Nooshin Derakhshandeh, Saeed Nazifi, Asghar Mogheiseh, Mohammad Reza Divar, Zahra Dadvand, Mohammad Sadegh Karimizadeh, Mahboobeh Zeidabadi","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04597-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04597-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nicotinic acid (niacin, Vitamin B3) is one of the most effective medicines for improving high-density lipoprotein concentrations. Obesity and related diseases are life-threatening to dogs. This study investigated the niacin effect on triglyceride, cholesterol, lipoproteins, thyroid hormones, oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation in intact adult dogs. Blood samples were taken from seven healthy, intact adult dogs as a control group (day 0). Then, the animals received 1000 mg/dog of oral nicotinic acid tab daily for 42 days, and blood sampling was performed on days 14, 28, 42, and 56.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The results showed an increasing trend in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration. The highest HDL concentration (138.85 ± 43.72 mg/dl) was related to day 56; the HDL level followed a statistically significant increase between day 14 and 56. Unlike HDL, there was a decreasing trend in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration. The lowest LDL concentration (21.85 ± 18.60 mg/dl) was related to day 56. The concentration of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA1) was significantly increased during the study. The highest concentration of apoA1 (1.66 ± 0.06 g/l) was on day 42. There was a significant increase in apoA1 concentrations between days 0 and 14, 42, and 56. The apoA1 was significantly increased between days 14 and 42 and 56. The apoA1 followed a statistically significant increase between days 28 and 42. Changes in thyroid hormone levels did not show any constant increasing or decreasing trend. On day 14, a decreasing trend in the concentrations of TT4, FT4, and T3 was observed. However, an increasing trend was detected in the concentrations of TT4, FT4, and T3 on days 28 and 42. However, the increase in the concentrations of TT4 and FT4 was less than that on day 0. After treatment (day 56), a decreasing trend was observed in thyroid hormone concentrations. The negative correlation was detected between apoA1 and triiodothyronine (T3), total thyroxine T4 (TT4)), and free T4 (FT4) concentrations on day 42. Furthermore, a significant negative relationship was observed between HDL and T4 on day 42. However, the relationship between triglyceride and T3 was statistically positive on day 14. There was an increasing trend in serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The highest TAC concentration (3.83 ± 0.62 µmol /l) was on day 56; however, the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was decreased during the study. The total antioxidant level followed a statistically significant increase between days 0 and 56 compared to days 14 and 42.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study demonstrated the efficacy of nicotinic acid in improving serum HDL, apoA1, and TAC, as well as decreasing serum MDA and LDL concentrations.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11881314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143555826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenetic, molecular, and microscopic investigation of Linguatula serrata infection in stray and road-killed dogs in Northwest Iran.","authors":"Nasser Hajipour, Mohammadreza Ghorani, Jennifer Ketzis","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04582-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04582-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Linguatula serrata is a cosmopolitan zoonotic parasite. Canids serve as definitive hosts, while herbivores acts as intermediate hosts. Adult L. serrata are found in the nasal and respiratory passages, whereas the immature stages are located in the mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, spleen, lungs, and, occasionally in other organs. Humans can serve as intermediate hosts, with visceral infections, or as definitive hosts with nasopharyngeal infections. This study aimed to investigate the infection rate of stray and road-killed dogs with L. serrata and to explore its phylogeny.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A total of 150 stray dogs and 100 road-killed dogs were examined for L. serrata eggs in feces and nasal secretions using microscopy and molecular tests, and for adult L. serrata through necropsy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that 174 of 250 (69.6%) studied dogs were positive for L. serrata by at least one of the examination methods. The prevalence in road-killed and stray dogs was determined to be 72% and 68%, respectively. The L. serrata infection rate based on fecal microscopy in the road-killed and stray dogs was 29% and 46.7%, respectively, and by fecal PCR was 59% and 48.7%, respectively. The rate of infection with L. serrata based on nasal secretions in road-killed and stray dogs was 14% and 26%, respectively, using microscopy, and 44% and 43.3%, respectively, using PCR. In the road-killed dogs, based on necropsy, 46% were positive. The results of this study show that PCR is more effective than microscopy for detecting L. serrata infections in dogs. PCR amplicon of the expected size for Linguatula of approximately 595 bp for 18S rRNA were generated from the L. serrata isolates using described specific primers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It can be concluded that the rate of infection in dogs and possibly other carnivores, herbivores, and man, is high in this locality; hence, strict control measures should be conducted to overcome the risk of infection with this zoonotic disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"141"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11877918/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143555827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allelic frequency of 12-FGF4RG and the association between the genotype with number of calcified intervertebral discs visible on radiographs in Coton de Tuléar and French Bulldog breeds.","authors":"Vilma L J Reunanen, Tarja S Jokinen, Liisa Lilja-Maula, Marjo K Hytönen, Anu K Lappalainen","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04573-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04573-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) is a major welfare issue in chondrodystrophic dogs. It is a consequence of chondroid metaplasia of the nucleus pulposus, leading to premature degeneration and calcification of the intervertebral discs (IVDs). Radiographic grading based on the number of calcified discs visible on radiograph (CDVR) between the ages of 24-48 months is an established method for selective breeding against IVDD in dogs. Premature IVD degeneration has a genetic background, and a FGF4 retrogene insertion on chromosome 12 (12-FGF4RG) has been shown to be involved. The aim of this study was to determine the 12-FGF4RG allele frequency and genotype proportions, and the influence of the 12-FGF4RG genotype on number of CDVR in a study population of young adult Coton de Tuléars and French Bulldogs. In this combined prospective and retrospective analytical study, we investigated dogs radiographically screened at 24-48 months of age. The first dataset consisted of 12-FGF4RG genotyping results of 465 Coton de Tuléars and intervertebral disc calcification (IDC) grading results (no, mild, moderate, or severe) for 222 of them. The second dataset included 12-FGF4RG genotypes and IDC grading results (no or severe) of 81 French Bulldogs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed 12-FGF4RG homozygous, heterozygous and wildtype individuals in both studied breeds. The 12-FGF4RG allele frequencies were also lower than previously reported in the studied breeds and Coton de Tuléars had lower allele frequency (0.35) than French Bulldogs (0.85). The distribution of IDC grading results were 59% no, 16% mild, 9% moderate and 16% severe in Coton de Tuléars and 59% no and 41% severe in French Bulldogs. In both breeds, every copy of the 12-FGF4RG allele significantly increased the risk for a higher number of CDVR, indicating incomplete dominance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results confirm the significant association between the 12-FGF4RG allele and the number of CDVR and IDC grade in two different chondrodystrophic breeds in age-controlled cohorts of young adult dogs. Our results also suggest that radiographic screening of CDVR and genetic testing of 12-FGF4RG could be used to breed against IVD degeneration predisposing to IVDD.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"140"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11877793/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143555822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sodium butyrate alleviates high ambient temperature-induced oxidative stress, intestinal structural disruption, and barrier integrity for growth and production in growing layer chickens.","authors":"Md Touhiduzzaman Sarker, Shenglin Wang, Shuang Wang, Weiguang Xia, Yanan Zhang, Chenglong Jin, Xuebing Huang, Kaichao Li, Abdelmotaleb Elokil, Yantai Lv, Chuntian Zheng, Wei Chen","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04583-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04583-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary sodium butyrate (SB) supplementation on the antioxidant status, intestinal morphology, functional damage, and barrier integrity of heat-stressed Hy-Line Sonia (HYS) layer chicks. A total of 240 female HYS at 35 days of age with average body weights (415 ± 35 g) were divided into 6 groups with 10 replicates/group and 4 chickens per replicate. A 2 × 3 factorial design study was performed, including two conditions of ambient temperature (25 °C and 35 °C) and three dietary levels of SB (0, 0.5, and 1.0 SB g/kg diet).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HS decreased (P < 0.05) the performance parameters final body weight (FBW), average daily gain (ADG), and average daily feed intake (ADFI), and increased mortality; compared with the HS groups, supplementation with SB decreased mortality. Compared with thermoneutral conditions, the high-temperature conditions significantly decreased (P < 0.05) the thymus, liver, and heart weights, and the relative length of the jejunum, ileum, and cecum, whereas supplementation with 0.5 SB g/kg diet increased (P < 0.05) the weight of the spleen in growing layer chickens. High temperature decreased (P < 0.05) the villus height (VH) and VH/CD ratio, and increased the crypt depth (CD), and supplementation with SB and the T × SB interaction produced greater VH and VH/CD values in the LSB2 and HSB2 groups. SB decreased (P < 0.05) the concentration of serum malondialdehyde (MDA); however, high temperature decreased (P < 0.05) the activities of the catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) antioxidant enzymes. The relative mRNA expression levels of the occluding, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), claudin-1, and interleukin-10 (IL-10) proteins were downregulated (P < 0.05) at high-temperatures, while that of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) was upregulated. Dietary supplementation decreased the expression of the inflammatory cytokines nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ), and interferon-γ (IFNγ), and the T × SB interaction decreased TGFβ gene expression in the LSB2 and HSB2 groups compared with that in the other groups of growing layer chickens.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SB supplementation effectively alleviated HS-induced oxidative stress and structural and functional damage to the intestine in layer chickens in the growing phase.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"131"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11874859/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143536447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microencapsulated rrBNGF as an alternative ovulation induction method in rabbits.","authors":"Alejandra C Quiroga, Silvia Gimeno-Martos, Pedro L Lorenzo, María Arias Álvarez, Pilar G Rebollar, Rosa M García-García","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04547-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04547-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rabbits are an induced-ovulatory species such that exogenous hormone factors are needed to induce ovulation. Traditionally, intramuscular injections of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues are given at the time of artificial insemination (AI). To avoid the need for injections, the intravaginal delivery of molecules naturally present in seminal plasma has been explored. Here, we examined the possibility of using nerve growth factor (NGF) microencapsulated with chitosan to induce ovulation. First, the biological activity of these NGF microcapsules was assessed in pheochromocytoma of rat adrenal medulla cell (PC12) cultures, along with their effects on semen. Next, we examined the ability of the intravaginal NGF-chitosan delivery system administered at AI (NGFch-0) or 30 min before AI (NGFch-30) to elicit ovulation. To this end, progesterone concentrations on Day 7 post AI, pregnancy rates and prolificacy (kits born alive and stillbirths per doe) were determined in nulliparous and multiparous rabbit does and then compared amongst treatments: intravaginal NGFch-0 and NGFch-30, intramuscular injection of GnRH analogue, intravaginal empty-catheter (C-e) or intravaginal semen-containing catheter (C-s).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NGF-chitosan promoted similar PC12 differentiation to free NGF without impairing cell viability. The presence of the NGF-containing microcapsules did not interfere with semen motility, viability or capacitation status. In our in vivo experiments, nulliparous rabbits showed similar rates of ovulating females across treatments (GnRH 90%, NGFch-30 100%, NGFch-0 66.7%, C-e 83.3%), yet higher pregnancy rates were observed in response to GnRH and NGFch-30 (90% and 100%, respectively) than to NGFch-0 (60%). Prolificacy results in these does were similar across treatments. In multiparous does, GnRH treatment gave rise to the highest rate of ovulating female and pregnancy rates (100 and 90%, respectively). In contrast, the NGF-chitosan groups showed the lowest ovulating female and pregnancy rates (NGFch-30 50% and 25%, NGFch-0 41.7% and 21%, respectively). An intermediate ovulatory response was obtained in does stimulated with the catheter (C-e 70%, C-s 57.1%), and a pregnancy rate of 20% was obtained if the catheter contained diluted semen (C-s).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Intravaginal NGF-chitosan administered 30 min before AI induced ovulation at a similar rate to GnRH injection in nulliparous, but not multiparous, rabbit females. A better receptivity status of nulliparous females could be a determining factor for this response. However, mechanical stimulation gave rise to a high ovulation rate, so this could be masking or, in some cases, directly replacing the NGF-chitosan effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"133"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11874391/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143536521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nigella sativa monophosphoryl lipid A nanoliposome: a promising antibiotic alternative and immunomodulator to control virulent pandemic drug-resistant Salmonella pullorum infection in broiler chicks.","authors":"Adel Attia M Ahmad, Elsayed Alsaied Masoud Hussien, Alaa A A M Elian, Mohamed Abdelmoneim, A Ali, Ahmed E Abdelhamid, Gamal A Elmowalid","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04473-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04473-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Salmonella enterica serovar Pullorum, the causative agent of pullorum disease, is one cause of the economic losses in the global poultry industry. Vaccination and antibiotics are still the most effective methods of controlling Salmonella, even though the vaccine contains the causative agent, and the antibiotic therapy has limited efficacy. We provide a novel immunostimulator and antibiotic substitute to protect against and avoid Salmonella pullorum (SP) infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nigella sativa-purified oil (NS) and monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) were formulated as nanoliposomal compounds (NS-MPLA). Their protective and immunomodulatory efficacies were experimentally tested orally in broiler chicks against challenge with virulent pandemic drug-resistant SP. Four chick groups were utilized: control; NS-MPLA-supplemented; SP-challenged; and SP-challenged, then NS-MPLA-treated. Clinical signs, organ gross pathology, colony-forming counts, and tissue histopathological alterations were investigated. The relative fold-changes in the expression of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-17, IL-22, TLR-4, INF-γ, IgA, and MUC2 genes were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The SP-challenged chicks showed notable symptoms and extensive pathological lesions in their internal organs. The bacteria colonized the challenged chicks' livers and continued to shed in their feces for 5-6 days. A minor amount of immune cell tissue trafficking was noted. The NS-MPLA-treated chicks displayed opposing patterns after being challenged with SP. They exhibited mild clinical signs with modest gross pathology in the internal organs. After 3-4 days, the liver and the fecal droppings were cleared of SP. Significant heterophilic aggregation, lymphocytic infiltration, and lymphoid follicle enlargement were observed. Additionally, chicks challenged with SP and then NS-MPLA-treated showed a 5- to tenfold increase in immune-related cytokines, immunoglobulin A, and mucosal relative gene expression folds compared to the SP-challenged non-NS-MPLA-treated, which showed a sharp decline in IL-4 and IL-22 and a minor rise in the rest of the tested gene relative expressions. Chicks given NS-MPLA supplementation showed a significant upregulation of these genes compared to the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this first report on poultry, it is possible to draw the conclusion that NS-MPLA supplementation in SP-infected chicks boosts immunity and provides protection. It promoted bacterial clearance and tissue repair and stimulated the expression of genes linked to immunity and the mucosal surface. These findings suggest the potential application of NS-MPLA in salmonella control programs as an antibiotic substitute or in immunization strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"132"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11874670/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143536537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}