BMC Veterinary Research最新文献

{"title":"Antimicrobial use, resistance awareness, and biosecurity practices among poultry and aquaculture farmers in Nigeria: a cross-sectional KAP survey.","authors":"Chinemerem Daniel Onwuliri, Dauda Dauda Ibrahim, Kelvin Olutimilehin Jolayemi, Adetomiwa Gbolade, Donald Udah, Henry Ekechi, Ndahi Mwapu, Zainab Abdulkareem, Maureen Rumun Kokoiwen, Esther Ayandipo, Dooshima Kwange, Charles Salifu, Mohammed Musa Ishiyaku, Columba Vakuru, Samuel Anzaku, Babatunde Akinola, Mathias Besong, Chidozie Ezechukwu","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05705-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05705-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a growing threat to food production systems. In Nigeria, poultry and aquaculture sectors face heightened vulnerability due to high disease burdens, frequent antimicrobial use, and variable biosecurity practices. This study assessed AMR-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among value-chain respondents across four Nigerian states.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional KAP survey was conducted in January 2025 among 183 respondents across Anambra, Akwa Ibom, Kano, and Kwara states using multi-stage sampling. Data were collected via structured face-to-face interviews and analysed using Chi-square tests, Spearman's correlation, and binary logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most respondents were aged 35-44 years (40.44%) with tertiary education having 80.33%. Disease incidence was high (84.15%), with bacterial infections most common (39.61%, n = 154). Antimicrobial use was high (92.90%), primarily for treatment (87.06% of users), with 22.35% self-prescribing. AMR awareness was reported by 71.58%, mainly from veterinary officers (87.02%) and social media (48.09%) among AMR-aware respondents (n = 131). Awareness was significantly associated with education level (χ²=57.16, df = 3, p < 0.001) and inversely correlated with use frequency (ρ=-0.279, p < 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression identified education as the strongest predictor; secondary-educated farmers were 98% less likely to be AMR-aware than tertiary-educated (OR = 0.02, 95% CI: 0.00-0.07, p < 0.001). Biosecurity awareness was high (72.68%) but training coverage was low (53.55%; χ²=13.46, df = 1, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Widespread antimicrobial use, moderate AMR awareness, and inconsistent biosecurity practices were identified. Education was the strongest predictor of AMR awareness, underscoring the need for non-formal AMR communication strategies. Feed millers, sellers, and allied value-chain actors should be incorporated into national AMR stewardship programmes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13647779/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148418577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human-mediated determinants of trypanocide use in dogs in Southeastern Nigeria: a cross-sectional survey with implications for resistance and One Health.","authors":"Chukwunonso Francis Obi, Romanus Chukwuduruo Ezeokonkwo","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05716-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05716-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Trypanocide resistance is an escalating threat to African animal trypanosomosis control, yet how dogs are actually treated for trypanosomosis, by who, with what drugs, and under what oversight, remains poorly characterized despite the documented presence of resistant trypanosome populations in this neglected host compartment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a cross-sectional survey interpreted within a One Health framework, grounded in data from Enugu North Senatorial Zone, Southeastern Nigeria, we integrate previously published molecular and epidemiological data on canine trypanosomes with original cross-sectional survey data from 120 dog-owning households and 250 dogs. Associations are descriptive and inferential; no new resistance assays or transmission studies were undertaken.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Survey data revealed that 87.5% of treated dogs received treatment without prior parasitological confirmation, 83% received doses estimated without weight-based calculation, and 76.7% of households obtained trypanocides from unregulated sources. Only 38.3% had geographic access to a licensed veterinarian, and 60% reported no community access to diagnostic testing. Inter-household dog movement was documented in 44.2% of households and 57.5% reported livestock co-habitation. These findings are consistent with sustained selective pressure for resistance, interpreted alongside published evidence of diminazene-resistant and multidrug-resistant Trypanosoma isolates from the same zone.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dogs emerge as plausible reservoirs and amplifiers of drug-resistant trypanosomes within a One Health framework, posing risks to livestock productivity and public health. The molecular identification of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in study-area dogs warrants structured surveillance investigation. Direct transmission pathways were not evaluated. Addressing these drivers requires robust veterinary drug regulation, expanded veterinary service access, community education, and integration of companion animals into national trypanosomosis surveillance frameworks.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13644197/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148418563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of biochemical, radiological, and histopathological findings in hepatic lipidosis and iron storage disease of common mynas (Acridotheres tristis).","authors":"Anis Moradi, Hadi Cheraghi, Mostafa Razmjoo, Mohammad Hashemnia, Sarang Soroori","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05697-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05697-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to its unique metabolism and digestive traits, the common myna (Acridotheres tristis) is particularly susceptible to liver diseases, including iron storage disease (ISD) and hepatic lipidosis. This study, conducted on 29 mynas referred to veterinary centers in Kermanshah, aimed to evaluate correlations between serological findings, radiographic features, and histopathological changes. Blood biochemical and antioxidant parameters were assessed, and liver size measurements were obtained via radiographs in lateral and ventrodorsal positions. Ultrasound-guided fine-needle core biopsies provided tissue samples for histopathological evaluation and disease severity assessment. Results showed that serum cholesterol > 129.5 mg/dL (p = 0.0012) and triglycerides > 55 mg/dL (p = 0.0071) were significantly associated with hepatic lipidosis. The mean Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in affected birds was 0.8384 nM, correlating with larger liver sizes. Radiographs indicated liver sizes > 67.45 mm, with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealing 83.33% sensitivity and 87.5% specificity for detecting hepatic conditions. Serum ferritin > 1.955 ng/mL was identified as a reliable diagnostic indicator for ISD. However, radiographic liver size alone was insufficient for definitive differentiation between hepatic lipidosis and ISD. Using Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) and Prussian blue staining, histopathological examination confirmed lipid and glycogen deposition in hepatic lipidosis and hemosiderin accumulation in ISD, validating the biochemical findings. This study highlights the necessity of multimodal diagnostic approach integrating biochemical, radiological, and histopathological techniques for accurate diagnosis and management of hepatic diseases in mynas.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13628805/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148418548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Timing of florfenicol administration determines the protective efficacy of an Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae live attenuated vaccine in pigs.","authors":"Song Qi, Qi-Yun He, Peng Chen, Yi-Qing Li, Rong-Chen Jiang, Zhong-En Teng, Jin-Fu Huang, Wei-Cheng Bei","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05718-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05718-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) is a major cause of severe respiratory disease in pigs and is associated with substantial economic losses. During outbreaks, the urgent use of antibiotics in infected herds often conflicts with emergency vaccination of at-risk animals, as antibiotics may impair the effectiveness of live vaccines. This study investigated how the timing of florfenicol administration affects the protective immunity induced by a live attenuated APP vaccine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty pigs were immunized with a live attenuated APP vaccine (HB04M strain). Animals were divided into six groups (n = 5 per group). Four groups received a single therapeutic dose of florfenicol at the time of immunization (0 dpi), or at 1, 3, and 5 days post-immunization (dpi). The remaining groups served as controls, including a vaccine-only group without florfenicol treatment and an unvaccinated blank control group. Nasal colonization by the vaccine strain was monitored by qPCR. Humoral immune responses (ApxII/III antibodies, IL-4) and cellular immune responses (IFN-γ, IL-6) were measured by ELISA. At 7 dpi, all pigs were challenged intranasally with a lethal dose of mixed heterologous APP serotypes 1 and 5. Clinical signs, survival, and lung pathology were evaluated for 7 days after challenge.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Florfenicol significantly reduced nasal colonization by the vaccine strain, and this reduction was associated with a marked, time-dependent inhibition of both humoral and cellular immune responses. In the G1 (florfenicol at 0 dpi), seroconversion was almost completely abolished, and protective efficacy was lowest, with a survival rate of 20%. Clinical scores and lung lesions in this group were comparable to those in the blank control group, in which survival was 0%. Protection improved as antibiotic treatment was delayed. Survival rates were 40% in G2 (1 dpi/florfenicol) and G3 (3 dpi/florfenicol) groups, and 60% in G4 (5 dpi/florfenicol). The G4 group also exhibited milder clinical signs and significantly less severe lung pathology than the early-treatment groups (P < 0.05). The vaccine-only group (G5) showed the highest level of protection, with an 80% survival rate.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The inhibitory effect of florfenicol on the protective efficacy of a live attenuated APP vaccine is strongly dependent on the timing of administration. To preserve vaccine-induced immunity, florfenicol should be avoided during the first 3 days after vaccination. Delaying treatment until at least 5 days post-vaccination may provide a better balance between necessary antibiotic therapy and the developmen of protective immunity, offering a practical approach to APP outbreak control.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13644037/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148418522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LncRNA-MSTRG.16919.1 regulates the proliferation of BHV-1 in MDBK cells through TAK1/TAB1/TAB2/TAB3 complexes.","authors":"Fan Zhang, Cai-Na Song, Jin-Zhu Ma, Li-Quan Yu, Chen Peng, Wen-Xue Wu, Bai-Fen Song","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05721-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05721-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) is the primary pathogen responsible for infectious rhinotracheitis in cattle, leading to significant economic losses in the cattle industry. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are multifunctional transcriptional regulators that play a role in the regulation of host-virus-specific interactions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MDBK cells were infected with BHV-1, and the function of lncRNA-MSTRG.16919.1 was evaluated using siRNA-mediated knockdown, as well as lentivirus-mediated stable overexpression of TAK1 and TAB2, respectively. Subsequent analyses were performed via qPCR, Western blotting, and viral titration assays, with the interaction between lncRNA-MSTRG.16919.1 and TAK1 further validated by RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our previous study found that lncRNA-MSTRG.16919.1 is highly expressed in BHV-1 infected MDBK cells. Functional assays showed that its silencing reduced viral DNA replication, downregulated transcription and protein expression of glycoproteins gB and gD, and decreased virion production, indicating that it promotes BHV-1 proliferation. Further investigation revealed that knockdown of this lncRNA reduced protein levels of TAB1, TAB2, TAB3, and TAK1. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay demonstrated that endogenous lncRNA-MSTRG.16919.1 physically interacts with the TAK1 protein, particularly during BHV-1 infection. To validate the involvement of the TAK1/TABs complex, we overexpressed TAK1 or TAB2 in cells with lncRNA knockdown. Overexpression restored viral DNA synthesis, gB and gD expression, and virus titers, counteracting the suppression caused by lncRNA silencing. Moreover, TAK1 or TAB2 overexpression elevated protein levels of TAB3, TAB1, TAK1, NF-κB, and JNK.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results demonstrate that lncRNA-MSTRG.16919.1 facilitates BHV-1 replication by modulating the TAK1-TABs complex and suggesting the potential involvement of the NF-κB pathway. These findings provide foundational insights for studying the function and regulatory mechanisms of lncRNA-MSTRG.16919.1 in organisms, and contribute to the understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of BHV-1, aiding in the prevention and control of bovine respiratory diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13644221/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148418506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary investigation of ghrelin in horses and ponies: receptor expression and associations with prandial state, morphometry and signalment.","authors":"Kate E Andrews, Hayden L Smith, Robert J Spence, Martin N Sillence, Melody A de Laat","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05700-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05700-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The hormone ghrelin has had limited attention in Equidae, despite connections with appetite and metabolic health in other species. Ghrelin influences hunger and food intake, energy expenditure and storage, glucose metabolism, and thermoregulation, through its receptor-mediated effects on tissues and via interaction with other hormones. There are two circulating forms, acylated and des-acylated ghrelin, considered to have distinct effects on metabolism in other species. The aims of this study were to confirm the presence of ghrelin receptors in equine tissues, to validate an assay for the measurement of total ghrelin (acylated and des-acylated forms) in horses, and to evaluate associations between ghrelin concentrations and prandial state, signalment and morphometry. Gene expression studies were conducted to identify ghrelin receptor isoforms 1a and 1b. A validation of a commercial kit for total ghrelin was undertaken. Finally, associations between active ghrelin concentrations and prandial state, signalment and morphometric traits were determined in a cohort of 35 horses and ponies with no evidence of metabolic disease. Expression of receptor type 1a was confirmed in equine pituitary gland and adrenal medulla, and detected in 6 other peripheral tissues. PCR product consistent with receptor type 1b was expressed in pituitary, adrenal medulla, adrenal cortex and ileum, but low yields prevented confirmation with sequencing. Parallelism and recovery on addition steps of the validation resulted in values outside the acceptable ranges, so total ghrelin concentration could not be measured. Post-prandial active ghrelin concentration was reduced (p = 0.001) by 19% and positively associated with age, but was not associated with bodyweight, height, or body condition. Pre-prandial active ghrelin concentrations were higher (p = 0.0003) in Welsh ponies compared to other horse and pony breeds. Receptor expression in disparate tissues suggests multiple roles for ghrelin in horses. Association of active ghrelin with age and breed warrants further investigation and could indicate physiological diversity in metabolic pathways in this species.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13422114/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148418594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocimum basilicum essential oil controls Haemaphysalis longicornis via multi-modal toxicity, enzyme inhibition, and synergy with hexythiazox.","authors":"Zhihua Gao, Feidi Guo, Xuecheng Song, Xintong Liu, Pengxu Zhu, Haokun Feng, Chenxiao Lu, Zihan Liang, Xiaolong Yang","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05711-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05711-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Haemaphysalis longicornis is an important ectoparasite infesting livestock, particularly cattle and sheep, causing significant economic losses and serving as a vector for multiple zoonotic pathogens. The widespread development of acaricide resistance necessitates the exploration of alternative control strategies with novel mechanisms of action.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The essential oil (EO) of Ocimum basilicum L. demonstrates potential as a multi-target botanical acaricide against the hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis. GC-MS analysis identified eugenol (47.75%) as the major constituent. Bioassays revealed significant, dose-dependent contact toxicity against larvae (LC₅₀ = 18.47 mg/mL), nymphs (LC₅₀ = 34.93 mg/mL), and adults (LC₅₀ = 27.75 mg/mL). Purified eugenol exhibited 1.3-1.9-fold greater potency than the whole EO. The EO also showed strong fumigant activity and significantly suppressed fecundity by inhibiting oviposition and reducing egg hatchability. Mechanistic studies indicated that the acaricidal effect may be associated with the inhibition of key metabolic and neurological enzymes, including acetylcholinesterase (AChE), carboxylesterase (CarE), and glutathione S-transferase (GST). Furthermore, a 2:8 (hexythiazox: oil) formulation exhibited significant synergism against nymphs (Co-toxicity coefficient = 128.35), enabling a reduction in synthetic acaricide dosage.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This work elucidates a multi-modal action mechanism of O. basilicum EO against H. longicornis through contact toxicity, fumigation, reproductive suppression, and enzyme inhibition. The synergistic interaction with hexythiazox provides a sustainable, plant-based strategy for controlling tick infestations in livestock, showing potential for addressing the critical challenge of acaricide resistance in animal production systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13421739/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148418499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide inhibits feline infectious peritonitis virus infection screened by a recombinant virus expressing eGFP protein.","authors":"Yuan Yang, Haixia Fu, Mengyu Chang, Mengjia Zhang, Jiaru Zhou, Kangkai Xu, Mingjun Yang, Wentao Li, Hongmei Zhu","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05679-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05679-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal infectious disease caused by feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) which causes death of young cats less than 2 years old. Until now, few drugs are available for treatment of FIP. Here, we developed a modified FIPV expressing eGFP reporter gene by reverse genetics to evaluate the ability of Chinese herbal polysaccharides on inhibition of FIPV infection in Crandell-Rees feline kidney (CRFK) cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results demonstrated that the recombinant FIPV could express eGFP reporter gene, replicated in the CRFK cells and grow in a similar way with wild-type FIPV. By using this recombinant FIPV, we found that glycyrrhiza polysaccharide (GPS) effectively inhibited FIPV when added at the same time with virus or post-infection in CRFK cells. Further studies revealed that GPS inhibited FIPV adsorption and replication, but did not affect FIPV internalization in CRFK cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In the current study, we successfully established a modified FIPV platform which supports high-throughput drug screening in vitro, and we found that GPS is a promising candidate for treating FIP.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13640176/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148410499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endometritis and endometrial fibrosis are associated with alterations in mare endometrial proteome.","authors":"Mariana Leal, Elisabete Silva, Joana Alpoim-Moreira, Pedro Pinto-Bravo, Maria Rosa Rebordão, Miguel Quaresma, Beenu Jalali, Tomasz Molcan, Anna Szóstek-Mioduchowska, Dariusz Skarzynski, Graça Ferreira-Dias","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05691-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05691-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Equine persistent post-breeding endometritis may lead to endometrosis, characterized by excessive fibrosis, which is a major cause of subfertility/infertility. Endometrial proteomic changes induced by endometritis, when associated with fibrosis, were investigated to identify the biological processes (BP) involved. Cyclic mares´ endometrial biopsies were histologically classified (Kenney and Doig's) as: category IIA (n = 5), category IIA with endometritis (IIA-E; n = 4), category IIB (n = 5), or category IIB with endometritis (IIB-E; n = 5). Proteome was assessed by LC-MS/MS. In total, 62 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were identified in IIA-E endometria, compared to IIA; and 46 in IIB-E endometria, compared to IIB. The DAPs in endometria with endometritis (IIA-E vs. IIA; IIB-E vs. IIB) were mostly enriched in BP related to immune/inflammatory response, DNA-related process and cell cycle. Inflammatory-related proteins (serpin proteins and several phospholipases) were upregulated in endometritis, regardless of the degree of fibrosis and inflammation, suggesting the activation of conserved innate immune mechanisms. Nevertheless, fibrosis severity determined the expression pattern of histone H2A, which was upregulated in IIA-E endometria, and downregulated in IIB-E endometria. Additionally, other inflammatory-related proteins (azurocidin 1, eosinophil peroxidase and secreted phosphoprotein 1) were differently abundant only in endometritis associated with endometrosis (IIB-E), indicating that moderate fibrosis and endometrial degeneration may influence the inflammatory and tissue remodelling response. In conclusion, although conserved innate immune mechanisms operate independently of fibrosis severity and of endometrial inflammatory state, other processes activated during endometritis are influenced by the endometrium milieu, namely by the progression of endometrial fibrosis, which might modulate specific molecular responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13602558/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148410470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the performance of the Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) algorithm in predicting live weight in different goat breeds.","authors":"Esra Yavuz","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05701-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05701-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Live body weight is a key performance indicator in goat production, playing a crucial role in selection, feeding management, and economic efficiency. However, direct measurement of body weight under field conditions is often impractical due to limitations in equipment and labor. Therefore, reliable prediction models based on easily obtainable morphometric measurements are required. Recently, machine learning approaches have gained increasing attention in animal science due to their ability to model complex and non-linear relationships among variables.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) algorithm for predicting live body weight in Ankara, Hair, Kilis, and Honamlı goat breeds. Relationships between live body weight and morphometric traits were examined using Pearson correlation analysis. LightGBM models were developed under different training-testing split ratios (65-35%, 70-30%, 75-25%, and 80-20%). Model performance was assessed using error metrics and variable importance analyses to determine the contribution of individual body measurements to prediction accuracy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed positive and statistically significant relationships between live weight and all morphometric measurements considered (p < 0.05). In particular, basic body measurements such as body length, chest circumference, and wither height were identified as the variables that contributed most to live weight estimation at all data splitting ratios. Variable significance analyses revealed that the LightGBM algorithm exhibited stable performance and high generalization capacity under different training-test ratios. However, the contribution of variables such as sex and birth weight to model performance was found to be limited.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, the LightGBM algorithm has been determined to be an effective tool for quickly, practically, and reliably estimating live weight in different goat breeds. It is considered that this approach can contribute to the development of decision support systems for selection, herd management, and performance evaluation processes in small ruminant farming.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13602605/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148410445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}