BMC Veterinary Research最新文献

{"title":"Further evidence of the host plasticity of porcine circovirus-2: detection of the virus in domestic dogs in Namibia.","authors":"Umberto Molini, Lourens de Villiers, Lauren M Coetzee, Herschelle P Green, Mari de Villiers, Siegfried Khaiseb, Giovanni Cattoli, William G Dundon, Giovanni Franzo","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04581-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04581-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) is a major pathogen of swine, causing significant production losses in the pig industry worldwide. Several studies have detected the virus in different species, both in asymptomatic and diseased subjects, highlighting PCV-2 host plasticity. As PCV-2 has been identified in carnivores, the present study was undertaken to investigate the susceptibility of domestic dogs to PCV-2 infection by testing archived blood samples originating from low-income rural areas in Namibia. The population was selected considering the high exposure probability to PCV-2 due to direct contact and/or feeding with raw pig meat or by-products. Thirty-eight of the samples (6.61%) tested positive for PCV-2, and the complete ORF2 of 7 strains was sequenced, revealing the presence of the three major PCV-2 genotypes (i.e. PCV-2a, -2b, and -2d). Convincing epidemiological links with other Namibian and South African strains were established for PCV-2a and PCV-2b strains, while the PCV-2d strains were part of a broader clade that included sequences of viruses collected worldwide, especially in Asia. Although PCV-2 was reported in diseased dogs, no statistically significant or robust causal association between infection and disease manifestation was demonstrated. In conclusion, PCV-2 infection has been identified in Namibian dogs, most likely due to the ingestion of contaminated meat and by-products. However, the epidemiological and clinical consequences are still unclear and further investigations are necessary. Nevertheless, the high proportion of infected dogs showing clinical signs raises concern about the potential of PCV-2's role as a relevant viral pathogen in Namibia. The use of raw meat for dog nutrition should be discouraged, considering the known risks to animal and human health through disease transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11900353/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels in canine serum: establishing reference intervals and influencing factors.","authors":"B Perez-Montero, M L Fermin-Rodriguez, M Portero-Fuentes, J Sarquis, S Caceres, J C Illera Del Portal, L de Juan, G Miro, F Cruz-Lopez","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04614-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04614-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mounting evidence suggests that malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) are valuable biomarkers of lipid and nucleic acid oxidation in numerous canine diseases. However, their application in clinical settings is limited due to the absence of reference intervals (RI) and the analytical inconsistencies. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize serum MDA and 8-OHdG concentrations in dogs, to establish assay-specific RI, and to identify biological, haematological and biochemical factors influencing these markers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 190 clinically healthy dogs were recruited, including pet dogs, working dogs and shelter dogs. Serum MDA concentration was measured by the Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) assay, while 8-OHdG levels were determined by using a competitive ELISA. RI were established by non-parametric methods. Potential associations between oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers and multiple biological, haematological and biochemical factors were assessed using multivariate regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RI for serum MDA (1.85-14.51 µM) and 8-OHdG (0.06-0.75 ng/mL) were established in the reference population (144 and 143 dogs, respectively). The multivariate regression model for MDA revealed a positive association with total cholesterol concentration, and a negative association with monocyte count. 8-OHdG level was positively associated with urea concentration. Notably, both models also revealed a significant association between MDA and 8-OHdG. Biological factors, including the age and size of the animals, did not exert a significant influence on the results.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This is the first study to establish serum RI for MDA and 8-OHdG in a large and diverse canine population. Additionally, the multivariate regression models identified relevant haematological and biochemical, but not biological factors that should be considered when interpreting the results. These findings could significantly enhance the application of MDA and 8-OHdG as biomarkers in clinical settings, and promote further exploration of their value in canine diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"161"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11900598/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial resistance, virulence gene profiles, and phylogenetic groups of Escherichia coli isolated from healthy broilers and broilers with colibacillosis in Thailand.","authors":"Sudtisa Laopiem, Kriangkrai Witoonsatian, Sittinee Kulprasetsri, Pun Panomwan, Chutima Pathomchai-Umporn, Raktipon Kamtae, Pichai Jirawattanapong, Thaweesak Songserm, Nuananong Sinwat","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04626-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04626-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Multidrug resistance in Escherichia coli has a significant global impact on poultry production. This study aimed to determine the phenotypic and genotypic backgrounds of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence gene profiles of E. coli strains isolated from diseased and healthy broilers. A total of 211 E. coli isolates were recovered from diseased (n = 110) and healthy broilers (n = 101). All the isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. A PCR-based technique was applied to screen AMR genes, virulence genes and analyze phylogenetic groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Phylogenetic groups B1 and D were the most prevalent for E. coli isolated from diseased and healthy birds. Among virulence genes, the detection rates of cva/cvi, iutA, iucD, iroN, iss and ompT were considerably greater in E.coli strains from diseased birds than in healthy birds. The virulence gene pattern of hlyF-iutA-iucD-iroN-iss-ompT (16.4%) was frequently observed in E.coli isolated from diseased birds, whereas approximately 22.8% of E.coli from healthy birds did not carry any virulence genes. Analysis of AMR profiles revealed that 58.3% of E.coli were resistant to multiple classes of antibiotics, and 96.7% carried at least one antibiotic resistance gene AMR genes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of this study demonstrate the variable distribution of phylogenetic groups and virulence genes. E.coli strains isolated from broilers had multidrug resistance profiles. The study emphasizes the need for continuous monitoring of AMR emergence in E. coli from broilers. This monitoring allows for early detection and implementation of strategies to control the spread of resistant strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"160"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11889816/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143584607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First detection and molecular characterization of Chaphamaparvovirus galliform in broiler and turkey flocks in Türkiye.","authors":"Ahsen Nisa Aslan, Hasan Abayli, Sukru Tonbak, Hasan Ongor, Akin Unal, Mehmet Akan, Ertug Yalcinkaya","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04612-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04612-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A newly uncovered parvovirus, Chaphamaparvovirus, continues to be reported across various species. This study investigated the detection and genetic characterization of Chaphamaparvovirus galliform (GaChpV) in poultry, specifically broilers and turkeys, from various regions in Türkiye. To address this, comprehensive sampling and analysis were conducted to better understand the virus's distribution and impact in these avian populations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2023, a total of 1060 fecal samples were collected from 76 broiler flocks (10 healthy and 66 with enteritis) and 30 turkey flocks (10 healthy and 20 with enteritis). Using nested PCR with specific primer sets, the study detected GaChpV in 36 out of 76 broiler flocks (47.3%) and 2 out of 30 turkey flocks (6,6%). Although GaChpV was detected at notable frequencies, the analysis revealed no statistically significant association between GaChpV and enteritis cases (p = 0.617). In this study, the nucleotide sequences (nt) of the capsid genes from GaChpV strains isolated from broilers and turkeys were 99 to 100% identical. Furthermore, these strains exhibited a high degree of genetic similarity ranging from 73 to 98% to Chaphamaparvovirus galliform 2 (GaChpV-2) strains from Europe, China, and Brazil. Complete genome sequencing of a broiler strain (CkChPV/2023/UN-2-TR) yielded a genome of 4,229 nucleotides, with sequence identity ranging from 78.93 to 98.82% compared to other GaChpV strains. Phylogenetic analysis further revealed that the CkChPV/2023/UN-2-TR strain clustered with GaChpV-2 strains, highlighting its genetic relatedness and diversity within the GaChpV family. The study also investigated genetic recombination signals and identified potential B-cell linear epitopes, contributing to a better understanding of the virus's genetic diversity and antigenic characteristics.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This report represents the first detection of GaChpV in turkey and broiler flocks in Türkiye. Notably, research on this topic in turkeys is quite limited. The data derived from this study will contribute to elucidating the molecular epidemiology and evolutionary dynamics of GaChpV.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"153"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11889929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143584623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Somatic cell count in dairy goats II: udder health monitoring at goat and herd level.","authors":"Marit Smistad, Ragnhild Aabøe Inglingstad, Marie K Vatne, Fiona Valerie Franklin, Bjørn Gunnar Hansen, Siv Skeie, Davide Porcellato","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04556-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04556-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mastitis is a costly disease affecting dairy ruminants worldwide. Somatic cell count is the most widely used tool for udder health monitoring but is highly influenced by non-infectious factors in goats. The aim of this paper was to define adjusted action thresholds of somatic cell count for the detection of goats with intramammary infections. A secondary aim was to investigate the potential of bulk milk analyses in identifying herds with udder health issues. Nine Norwegian dairy goat herds were visited five times during one lactation. Somatic cell count measurements combined with bacteriological testing were performed both at goat and herd level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Staphylococcus (S.) aureus was the udder pathogen with the strongest influence on the somatic cell count and was therefore selected as the focus of udder health control. The period prevalence of S. aureus in the included herds varied from 1 to 40%. The thresholds for identifying goats with S. aureus intramammary infection varied from 500,000 cells/mL in first parity goats in early lactation to 3 million cells/mL in goats of higher parities on pasture. A herd prevalence of S. aureus of more than approximately 10% was associated with significant bulk milk quality challenges.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study defined adjusted action thresholds of somatic cell count for the detection of intramammary infections in dairy goats. The somatic cell count levels in goats with S. aureus were in most cases well distinguished from those with no or minor pathogen findings when adjusting according to parity, pasture-status, and lactation stage. The patterns of routinely measured bulk milk parameters, along with analyses of bacteriological composition, provided a rough indication of the herd's udder health status.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"157"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11889764/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143584672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection and molecular identification of scrub typhus vectors and pathogens from rice field rats, a traditional food item of Mizo tribes in Mizoram, Northeast India.","authors":"Hun Ropuia, Van Ramliana, Lalfakzuala Pautu, Gabriel Rosangkima, Ralte Vanlalawmpuii, Zo Ramdinthara","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04629-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04629-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & objectives: </strong>Orientia tsutsugamushi, a bacterial pathogen of scrub typhus, is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected chigger mites, and rodents are the natural hosts of the disease vector. The traditional practices of the tribal ethnic groups (Mizo) of Mizoram state such as capturing and consumption of rat meat collected from the agricultural fields could be one source of vector-disease transmission route. The present study aimed to detect and identify the pathogen of scrub typhus from vectors collected from rice field rats which were captured by farmers for meat consumption purposes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred and fifty-six freshly captured rice field rats were examined for ectoparasites. Detection and genotyping of O. tsutsugamushi from ectoparasites were done by real-time PCR and conventional PCR using species-specific primers. Rodents and ectoparasites were identified down to the species level using morphological and molecular techniques.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Rice field rats were identified as Rattus tanezumi and Rattus nitidus. A total of 7973 trombiculid mites collected from 156 rats were identified as Leptotrombidium deliense, Leptotrombidium fletcheri, and Leptotrombidium chiangraiensis. Of these, 26 pools of L. deliense and 15 pools of L. fletcheri tested positive for O. tsutsugamushi, and the O. tsutsugamushi detected belongs to Kato and Karp-related genotypes.</p><p><strong>Interpretation & conclusion: </strong>The present study reported the presence of O. tsutsugamushi-infected chigger mites in the captured rats (R. tanezumi and R. nitidus). Direct contact with the rats as a result of rat-eating habits may correspond to the high incidence rate of scrub typhus cases in Mizoram. Preventive measures are crucial for the control of scrub typhus disease in Mizoram.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"158"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11889883/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143584531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro efficacy of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CETAB)-modified nano-montmorillonite against aflatoxin B1 associated toxicity and methanogenesis.","authors":"Yosra A Soltan, Amr S Morsy, Nesrein M Hashem, Mahmoud A I Elazab, Mohamed A Sultan, Amr El-Nile, Gomaa Abo El Lail, Nagwa El-Desoky, Nourhan S Hosny, Ahmed M Mahdy, Elsayed E Hafez, Sobhy M A Sallam","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04546-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04546-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Modified nano-montmorillonite is gaining attention as a feed additive for its benefits on ruminal fermentation. Chemical and mechanical methods were used to modify montmorillonite. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CETAB) was utilized for chemical modification, while grounding was carried out to achieve the desired nanoscale particle size, resulting in the formation of the nanoscale powder known as MNM_CETAB. Impacts of MNM_CETAB supplementation on a basal diet, either contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) or not at a level of 20 ppb were tested. Treatments included control (no supplements), a diet with 5 g per kilogram of dry matter (DM) of natural montmorillonite (NM), and diets with MNM_CETAB at two doses, 0.5 (low) and 1 (high) grams per kilogram DM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The MNM_CETAB showed better physicochemical traits than NM clay, including narrower particle size range, higher cation exchange capacity (CEC), greater specific surface area (SSA), and more functional groups. A significant linear decreasing effect (P < 0.05) of MNM_CETAB addition on methane (CH) production was observed by the increasing level of the MNM_CETAB clay. The control diet contaminated with AFB1 resulted in lower fiber degradability than the other treatments (P < 0.05). No variations were observed in ruminal protozoal counts by both clay supplementations, although there was a noticeable trend (P = 0.08) towards reduced protozoal populations due to AFB1 contamination. AFB1-contaminated diets showed indications of reduced (P < 0.05) levels of total volatile fatty acids (VFA), and concentrations of butyrate and propionate (P < 0.05), alongside shifts towards elevated (P = 0.006) acetate levels, while the low dose of MNM_CETAB exhibited higher (P < 0.01) propionate concentrations than the other treatments.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings underscored the anti-methanogenic properties and the favorable impacts of MNM_CETAB in mitigating the adverse impacts of AFB1on ruminal fermentation and nutrient degradability.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"155"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11889834/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143584665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano-chitosan hydrogel alleviates Candida albicans-induced health alterations in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): antioxidant response, neuro-behaviors, hepato-renal functions, and histopathological investigation.","authors":"Heba H Mahboub, Afaf N Abdel Rahman, Sara T Elazab, Abdelwahab A Abdelwarith, Elsayed M Younis, Mohamed Shaalan, Enas K Aziz, Mohammed S Sobh, Morteza Yousefi, Sameh H Ismail, Simon J Davies, Mohamed M S Gaballa","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04568-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04568-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Candida albicans infection induces economic losses in aquaculture practices. Currently, the success of the nanotechnology field has gained more consideration in the aquaculture sector as it bestows favorable impacts in remedies in comparison to traditional practices.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study was conducted to assess the role of nano chitosan gel (NCG) exposure via water in managing the deteriorating impacts triggered by C. albicans in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Hepato-renal function, behavioral and stress response, neurological function, hepatic antioxidant/oxidant status, and histopathological architectures were investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 160 fish (average weight: 50.00 ± 6.30 g) were randomly assigned to four groups, each with four replicates: control, NCG, C. albicans, and NCG + C. albicans. The NCG was applied as bath treatment at a concentration of 75 µg/L for ten days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The outcomes demonstrated that the C. albicans challenged fish exhibited obvious behavioral alterations including loss of equilibrium, surfacing, abnormal swimming and movement, and aggression. Infection with C. albicans caused an elevation in hepato-renal biomarkers (alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, urea, and creatinine), stress-related indices (glucose, cortisol, nor-epinephrine, and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine), and lipid peroxides (malondialdehyde). Moreover, it caused a noticeable decline in the hepatic antioxidant indices (total antioxidant capacity and reduced glutathione content) and acetylcholinesterase activity. The hepatic, renal, and brain architectures were severely damaged by the C. albicans challenge, exhibiting significant fatty changes, necrosis, vacuolation, and congestion. Remarkably, the aqueous application of NCG in the C. albicans-challenged fish ameliorated all the aforementioned biomarkers and facilitated the regeneration of histopathological changes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, the application of NCG in the aquatic environment is an effective tool for managing C. albicans infection in Nile tilapia. Moreover, it can be utilized in combating stress conditions in the aquaculture sector.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11889809/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143584668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole genome sequencing identifies exotoxin and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Staphylococcus aureus from Maine dairy farms.","authors":"E Roadcap, A Lichtenwalner, B Kennedy-Wade, G Adjapong, A Chakrawarti, F Machado De Sant'Anna, John W Barlow","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04630-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04630-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of mastitis in dairy livestock and is a pathogen with unknown but potential impact on public and herd health in Maine. The primary objective of this study was to describe retrospective trends in S. aureus detection at the University of Maine Cooperative Extension Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (UMVDL) for milk samples submitted between July 2017 and June 2022. The second objective was to assess the genetic profiles focused on antibiotic resistance and exotoxin genes of 29 S. aureus isolates submitted from dairy farms in Maine in 2017 and 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 7.8% of milk samples submitted to UMVDL between July 2017 and June 2022 were positive for S. aureus. The 29 isolates collected in 2017 (2 isolates) and between May and July of 2022 (27 isolates) were analyzed by whole genome sequencing and belonged to 8 strain types and 5 clonal complexes typically associated with ruminant species. Across the genomes of the 29 isolates, 14 antimicrobial resistance genes were detected, with antibiotic efflux as the primary resistance mechanism. Each isolate contained 2 to 10 staphylococcal enterotoxin genes representing 15 unique genes. lukED, lukMF', Staphylococcal superantigen-like proteins (SSLs), and hla, hlb, hld, hlgABC genes were also observed. Antimicrobial resistance and staphylococcal enterotoxin gene carriage mostly clustered with clonal complex and host species of origin.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Whole genome sequencing identified ruminant-associated sequence types and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles consistent with other regional reports. Exotoxins with relevance to mastitis and SFP development were also identified. This study provides insight into future opportunities to study S. aureus prevalence and to survey dairy production in animal and public health contexts in Maine.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"154"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11889765/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143584683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of shear wave elastography (2D -SWE) to evaluate cristalline lens in healthy dogs.","authors":"Giovanni Aste, Massimo Vignoli, Sonia Panzeri, Roberto Tamburro, Francesco Simeoni, Andrea De Bonis, Martina Rosto, Francesca Del Signore","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04605-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04605-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>2D shear wave elastography (2D SWE) is an emerging technique in veterinary medicine able to assess tissue stiffness in a non-invasive way. Nowadays no report is yet available about its application in assessing the mechanical properties of canine lenses.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility of 2D SWE in assessing normal lens elasticity in healthy and ageing dogs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Trans-corneal lens 2D SWE was performed under physical restraint on 33 dogs by two operators who collected triplicate kPa and m/s measures, with the aim to assess reproducibility and reliability of the technique, followed by the evaluation of eventual difference of stiffness in different ages (G1 < 1.5 years, G2 1.5 years-7 years and G3 > 7 years). The project has been approved by the CEISA Ethical Committee (Prot. N. 12/2019 361 CEISA). Written informed consent was obtained by all the owners.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean elasticity values were respectively 4.78 ± 1.48 m/s and 74.9 ± 43.7 kPa for the left eye and 4.45 ± 0.98 m/s and 75.9 ± 43.6 kPa for the right eye. Despite a slight difference observed in the measurements obtained in m/s between the two operators, the intra-observer assessment was excellent in the overall population of dogs for both values in KPa and m/s, as well as the inter-observer one (ICC > 0.75). All the sCV% computed evidence a low measurement dispersion (< 12%). Mean lens stiffness for G1 was 3.1 ± 0.5 m/s and 28.9 ± 9.3 kPa, for G2 4.61 ± 0.62 m/s and 65 ± 18.4 kPa and for G3 6.46 ± 0.36 m/s and 126 ± 14.5 kPa; a significant difference P (< 0.001) was detected between all the groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It can be concluded that 2D SWE is a rapid and non-invasive US-based technique able to assess lens mechanical properties in companion animals since it is characterized by high reliability and reproducibility, providing also information regarding lens stiffness in aging dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"156"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11889749/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143584535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}