BMC Veterinary Research最新文献

{"title":"NF-κB/AP-1-mediated expression of the porcine cathelicidin proPMAP-37 suppresses inflammation by neutralizing LPS and inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization.","authors":"Qingqing Fu, Kunhong Xie, Bing Yu, Zhiqing Huang, Yuheng Luo, Ping Zheng, Xiangbing Mao, Jie Yu, Junqiu Luo, Hui Yan, Jun He","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05710-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05710-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cathelicidins are short cationic peptides secreted in pro-peptide, characterized by a conserved N-terminal cathelin domain and a diverse C-terminal mature peptide. While the antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties of mature cathelicidins are well-characterized, whether their precursor forms (pro-forms) possess biological activity remains a subject of debate. Amid the global challenge of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the mandate to reduce antibiotic use in livestock, cathelicidins represent promising alternatives for managing bacterial infection in agriculture. However, high production costs hamper their large-scale application. Therefore, elucidating the regulation of expression of porcine myeloid antimicrobial peptide 37 (PMAP-37), investigating the function of its pro-form (proPMAP-37), and developing a cost-effective production strategy are of significant importance for both basic immunology in porcine systems and agricultural applications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study demonstrated that porcine myeloid antimicrobial peptide 37 (PMAP-37) exhibited widespread tissue distribution in disease-susceptible Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire (DLY) pigs, whereas its constitutive expression level was significantly higher in disease-resistant Tibetan pigs (TB). Furthermore, Escherichia coli K88 (E. coli K88) upregulated PMAP-37 expression in the intestine of DLY pigs. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the induction of PMAP-37 mediated by E. coli K88 depends on NF-κB and AP-1 transcription factors. Importantly, proPMAP-37 (the precursor of PMAP-37) was successfully expressed in a heterologous system and purified to homogeneity. Functional characterization demonstrated negligible hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity toward mammalian cells. Although no direct bactericidal effect was observed in vitro, proPMAP-37 functioned as an immunomodulator. It exhibited high affinity with Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and inhibited pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage polarization, thereby reducing the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This comprehensive study provides novel insights into the immunological functions of porcine cathelicidins and promotes the industrial development of proPMAP-37 as a novel anti-inflammatory agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13656640/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148454390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of a blocking ELISA using a newly generated monoclonal antibody against Salmonella flagellin for detecting antibodies in infected chickens.","authors":"Zimin Huang, LiYan Cao, Jun Liu, Zhenjinjiang Ma, Xilong Kang, Xinan Jiao, Chuang Meng, Zhiming Pan","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05387-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05387-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Salmonella is an important zoonotic pathogen that is widely distributed in every link between livestock and poultry production. Salmonella contamination not only affects the healthy development of the livestock industry but also poses a serious threat to public health, as it can infect humans through farming, processing, and consumption of meat and egg products. Therefore, establishing detection methods capable of simultaneously identifying different Salmonella serotypes is crucial.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study focused on using Salmonella flagellin as an immunogen to screen and prepare monoclonal antibodies, ultimately establishing a blocking ELISA (bELISA). In this study, flagellin from S. Enteritidis was extracted by acid lysis and used to immunize BALB/c mice. Cell fusion was performed following three immunizations, resulting in the generation of six hybridoma cell lines that stably secreted monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibody (MAb) of 1F6 exhibited excellent reactivity with Salmonella flagellin, demonstrating an affinity of 1.11 × 10¹⁰ M^-1. Specificity analysis indicated that MAb 1F6 reacted with all flagellated Salmonella species, but not with non-flagellated S. Pullorum or other bacterial species, confirming its strong specificity and suitability for this method. Subsequently, an array titration method was employed to determine the optimal coating concentration of the antigen for the bELISA, which was found to be 1 μg/ml, while the optimal concentration for the enzyme-labeled antibody was 534 ng/ml. Various experimental optimizations were conducted to identify the optimal detection conditions. The results demonstrated specific recognition of Salmonella and no cross-reactivity with other sera, when testing chicken sera infected with eleven different pathogenic microorganisms. Furthermore, this method was applied to 227 chicken serum samples, achieving a conformity rate of 97.35%. In addition, 205 serum samples from layer chickens at a certain farm were analyzed, and Salmonella was detected on day 90, with an overall positive rate of 4%, consistent with previous studies, indicating that our method can be used for Salmonella monitoring in production enterprises.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The bELISA method was developed by utilizing Salmonella flagellin as an antigen and exhibited excellent stability, strong specificity, and sensitivity, making it suitable for broad-spectrum screening of Salmonella in infected chicken.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13651368/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148444276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival patterns and prognostic factors associated with canine parvovirus infection in dogs presented at the KNUST Veterinary Teaching Hospital in Kumasi, Ghana.","authors":"Emmanuel Darko Opoku, Raphael Deladem Folitse, Dorcas Oyueley Kodie, Jemima Dzigbordi Agbota, Amemor Esther, William Tasiame, Benjamin Obukowho Emikpe","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05732-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05732-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Canine parvovirus (CPV) remains one of the most severe and life-threatening infectious diseases affecting dogs globally, with disproportionately high mortality in puppies. Although CPV has been extensively studied in terms of prevalence and clinical presentation, evidence on survival patterns and prognostic factors in low-and middle-income country veterinary settings remains limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cohort study was undertaken at a Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana. Diagnosis of CPV infection was based on clinical signs and confirmed by antigen detection using the CPV rapid immunoassay test kit. Only dogs that received treatment until recovery or death were included (n = 205). Data on factors influencing prognosis, including demographic, vaccination, clinical, and management variables, were collected. Time-to-recovery was analysed using cumulative incidence functions with Gray's test and Fine-Gray competing-risk regression. Mortality was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Hazard ratios (HRs) and subdistribution hazard ratios (SHRs) were reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mortality was highest in treated puppies aged 13-24 weeks and ≤ 12 weeks at 31.5% and 26.9% respectively, with dogs aged > 24 weeks recording the least with 5.9%. Mortality rate decreased progressively with an increasing vaccination frequency, being lowest in dogs vaccinated thrice. Among CPV-positive dogs, local breeds demonstrated a higher recovery rate than foreign breeds (SHR 1.64, 95% CI: 1.07-2.51; p = 0.022). Higher body weight was associated with a lower hazard of death (HR 0.86, 95% CI: 0.77-0.97; p = 0.012), while CPV-positive dogs showed a longer time to recovery, with a more gradual recovery trajectory observed beyond Day 5.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the significant impact of CPV on survival outcomes among dogs in Ghana, particularly among younger and incompletely vaccinated populations. The findings demonstrate that certain demographic and clinical factors play critical roles in recovery and mortality outcomes. Notably, local breeds exhibited a higher rate of recovery compared to foreign breeds diagnosed with CPV. These findings emphasise the need for strengthened vaccination coverage, early case detection, and context-appropriate clinical management strategies to improve recovery and reduce CPV-related mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13651413/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148444240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and pathogenicity of a highly virulent recombinant GIIc subtype PEDV strain.","authors":"Jinpeng Fan, Yanling Liu, Wenqian Fu, Lu Chen, Yongtao Li, Zeng Wang, Dongliang Li, Pandeng Zhao, Wenjuan Du, Dan Rao, Ning Zhang, Changxu Song, Linyang Yu","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05714-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-026-05714-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) is a highly contagious enteric coronavirus causing acute watery diarrhoea and high mortality in neonatal piglets, threatening the global swine industry. In recent years, GIIc subtype PEDV has spread rapidly across China via natural recombination and antigenic drift, undermining conventional vaccine efficacy. Here, we isolated and characterized a novel GIIc PEDV strain CHjx2025 from diarrheic piglets in Ji'an City, Jiangxi Province, China. Full-length genome sequencing and recombination analysis identified CHjx2025 as a natural intra-lineage recombinant of two GIIc strains (CH-JXJA-2017 as major parent and CH-SWM-RN-2025 as minor parent), with a recombination breakpoint at nucleotide 11,201 of ORF1a. Comparative analysis revealed 49 unique amino acid substitutions in the spike (S) protein core region relative to the classic vaccine strain CV777, including 10 in the core receptor-binding domain (COE) and 1 in the 2C10 neutralizing epitope. Structural modeling confirmed CHjx2025 retains a canonical homotrimeric type I fusion protein structure but exhibits distinct NTD and D0 domains versus CV777. In vitro, CHjx2025 showed strong replicative capacity, forming larger plaques and reaching 10^6.5TCID₅₀/mL in Vero cells at 24 hpi. Notably, in vivo challenge induced vomiting and anorexia in neonatal piglets as early as 12 hpi, with 100% mortality within 60 h, severe intestinal villous atrophy, and unprecedented multinucleated syncytia in intestinal epithelial cells. These findings highlight the evolving diversity and enhanced pathogenicity of GIIc PEDV via intra-subtype recombination and epitope mutations, underscoring the need for continuous surveillance and GIIc-specific vaccine development to control PED outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148435092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum insulin-like growth factor-1 concentrations are not reduced in Pomeranian dogs with Alopecia X: a case-control study.","authors":"Zahra Halajian, Javad Khoshnegah, Abbas Parham","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05724-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05724-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alopecia X (AX)-also referred to as hair cycle arrest or Alopecia X-like syndrome-is a non-inflammatory disorder common in Pomeranians, though it frequently affects other breeds such as Alaskan Malamutes, Chow Chows, Schipperkes, and Poodles. Historically known by various names including growth hormone-responsive alopecia, castration-responsive alopecia and congenital adrenal hyperplasia-like syndrome, this condition represents a complex follicular arrest of \"plush-coated\" breeds. The etiopathogenesis remains unclear, and reliable, minimally invasive diagnostic biomarkers are lacking. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is essential for hair follicle cycling, and systemic deficiency has been hypothesized to contribute to canine alopecia. This study aimed to determine if serum IGF-1 concentrations differ between Pomeranian dogs with AX and healthy controls, and to evaluate the effect of neuter status on IGF-1 levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty client-owned Pomeranian dogs (11 AX, 19 healthy controls) were enrolled. Serum IGF-1 concentrations were measured via a human competitive ELISA kit validated in-house for canine samples. Data were non-normally distributed and analyzed via Mann-Whitney U tests. No significant difference in serum IGF-1 was detected between alopecic (median: 62.0 ng/mL; range: 7.31-151) and healthy dogs (median: 51.8 ng/mL; range: 7.43-209.76) (U = 74, p = 0.200). Neuter status was significantly imbalanced between groups (63.6% of cases neutered vs. 10.5% of controls, p = 0.002). While neutered dogs exhibited numerically higher mean IGF-1 values than intact dogs within the alopecic group, this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.412). No correlation was found between IGF-1 and age or body weight.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Serum IGF-1 concentrations are not reduced in Pomeranian dogs with Alopecia X compared to healthy controls. Routine measurement of serum IGF-1 is not recommended as a diagnostic test for AX. The role of gonadectomy in modulating the GH/IGF-1 axis in this breed requires further investigation with larger, balanced cohorts.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13647621/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148435004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-sectional study of prevalence and economic importance of bovine fasciolosis at Kombolcha Elfora Abattoir, Amhara Region, Northern Ethiopia.","authors":"Degaga Guder Gemeda, Temesgen Takele Tafese","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05708-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05708-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study was conducted from October 2024 to June 2025 at the Kombolcha ELFORA abattoir and Processing Plant to assess the prevalence and economic impact of bovine Fasciolosis in cattle sourced from three agroecological zones in northern Ethiopia. From the 382 examined bovine samples, 184 faecal samples (48.17%) and 195 livers (51.05%) tested positive for Fasciolosis. Infection rates were highest in cattle with poor body condition (51.55% in faecal samples and 54.64% in livers), followed by medium (47.62% and 50%) and good body condition groups (20% and 25%, respectively), with significant differences observed between groups (p < 0.05). Breed and body condition were significantly associated with liver infection (p = 0.031 and p = 0.039, respectively). Species distribution varied by agroecology: among the 195 positive cattle, 83.56% and 16.44% of F. hepatica were from Dega and Weynadega, respectively; 94% and 6% of F. gigantica were from Kola and Weynadega; and all mixed infections (100%) occurred in Weynadega, showing significantly associated (P < 0.05) Fasciola species prevalence with agroecological variations. The direct and indirect financial losses due to bovine Fasciolosis at the Kombolcha ELFORA abattoir were estimated at approximately 7,218,521.05 Ethiopian birr per quarter. The study concluded that Fasciolosis is highly prevalent in cattle and imposes significant economic burdens, emphasising the necessity of targeted interventions by stakeholders and government authorities to support the beef industry in the region and across Ethiopia.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13647729/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148429722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of mixed microbial silage of mulberry and navel orange residue on growth performance, blood metabolism, and rumen microbiome changes in beef cattle.","authors":"Xianhong Cao, Xiaozhen Song, Haining Guo, Xiang Ou, Chao Chen, Rongqiang Chen, Qiang Zhang, Hai Lian, Hualiang Xie, Tao Fu, Huizhen Cao, Xiaowen Lei","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05720-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05720-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mulberry and navel orange residue are limited in practical application due to high moisture content, susceptibility to spoilage, and the presence of minor anti-nutritional factors. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of mixed microbial silage of mulberry and navel orange residue on growth performance, blood metabolism, and rumen microbiome changes in beef cattle. Twenty-four healthy 20-22‑month‑old male Simmental crossbred beef cattle were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments: CON, SQ1, SQ2, and SQ3 groups were fed diets containing 0%, 20%, 30%, 40% of mixed microbial silage, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the end of the 90-day feeding trial, dietary 30% mixed microbial silage can improve ADG, reduce F/G and serum levels of ALT, UA and TC, increase levels of blood PLT, P-LCC, LYM and EOS in beef cattle (P < 0.05). The serum MDA level in SQ2 group was significantly lower than that in CON and SQ3 groups (P < 0.05), while CAT activity was the highest among all treatments (P < 0.05). Notably, the Shannon, Chao1 and Observed_species indices of the rumen microbiome in SQ3 group were significantly lower than those in CON group (P < 0.05). The relative abundances of Bacteroidetes and Patescibacteria in SQ3 group were lower than those in CON group (P < 0.05). Additionally, mixed microbial silage decreased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and increased that of Actinobacteria. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Cryptobacteroides in SQ1 and SQ2 groups were lower than that in CON group (P < 0.05), whereas those of SFMI01 and UBA1711 in SQ2 group were increased (P < 0.05). In addition, significant correlations were observed among growth performance, serum antioxidant capacity and rumen microbiome, and a potential competitive exclusion relationship existed within the rumen microbial community.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Collectively, these findings suggested that dietary supplementation with 30% mixed microbial silage of mulberry and navel orange residue could improve growth performance, enhance serum antioxidant capacity and stabilize rumen fermentation of beef cattle. Meanwhile, the altered rumen microbiome may improve growth performance in beef cattle by regulating antioxidant capacity.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13647688/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148435062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The erection of two subgenera for Metarhadinorhynchus Yamaguti, 1959 (Acanthocephala: Isthmosacanthida) with a redescription of Metarhadinorhynchus (Metarhadinorhynchus) indicus in India.","authors":"Omar M Amin, Anshu Chaudhary, Nataliya Rubtsova, Bindu Sharma","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05569-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05569-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adult Metarhadinorhynchus indicus (Bhattacharya & Banerjee, 2003) Kita, Nitta, Kajihara, 2024 were originally described from Megalaspis cordyla (Linn.) in the Chennai coast, Tamil Nadu, India as Gorgorhynchoides indicus Bhattacharya & Banerjee, 2003. The genus Gorgorhynchoides Cable and Linderoth, 1963 was later synonymized with the genus Metarhadinorhynchus Yamaguti 1959.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We accept the synonymies involving 15 species of Gorgorhynchoides transferred to Metarhadinorhynchus. Our recognition of the synonymies is partially resolved with the erection of two subgenera: Metarhadinorhynchus (Metarhadinorhynchus) subgen. nov. with 12 species and Metarhadinorhynchus (Cylindratus) subgenus nov. with 3 species based on the presence or absence of anterior trunk swelling, respectively. We have recently collected cystacanths of M. indicus from the Asia seabass, Lates calarifer (Barramundi) off Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India. The cystacanths were comparable to the adults in the morphology of the common non-reproductive structures such as proboscis hooks and trunk spines with some variations mostly because of inaccuracies of descriptive statements in the original description. Comparisons are tabulated. Trunk size and reproductive structures varied because of their underdevelopment in the cystacanth stage. The anterior trunk swelling was sufficiently evident to confirm its presence in all stages of M. indicus. The long multinucleated filiform coiling lemnisci were similarly observed and the female genital pore is decidedly dorso-subterminal and not on the ventral side. A tabulated morphological description of the cystacanths and adults jointly constitute the redescription of M. indicus. The molecular characterization of the nuclear gene (18 S) and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) sequence data of Metarhadinorhynchus (Metarhadinorhynchus) indicus is provided for the first time. Sequences from both genes were aligned and compared with other acanthocephalan species available in GenBank.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The phylogenetic analyses supported the establishment of the current species under the genus Metarhadinorhynchus Yamaguti, 1959. Additionally, in order to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships of the genus Metarhadinorhynchus, phylogenetic analyses were performed integrating different gene (18 S + cox1) sequence data using maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI). Our data supplement the molecular data for species description in the most reliable taxonomic frameworks alongside traditional morphological analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13560246/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148418511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in paratuberculosis research and control: a comprehensive expert review.","authors":"R Arrazuria, M Alonso-Hearn, R A Juste, A Facciuolo, A P Koets, H Köhler, R Guatteo, I R Grant, K Plain, C G Mc Aloon, D Graham, C Verdugo, M Ricchi, S L Mundo, N Elguezabal","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05717-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05717-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review summarizes the 2025 update of the DISCONTOOLS gap analysis for Paratuberculosis, which was based on scientific literature review combined with expert knowledge. It summarizes recent advances across key areas including diagnostics, epidemiology, pathogenesis, vaccination, genetic resistance and alternative therapies. Progress in understanding host-pathogen interactions and immune responses is highlighted alongside developments in diagnostic tools such as molecular assays and phage-based detection. Vaccination strategies continue to evolve with efforts to improve efficacy and reduce interference with bovine Tuberculosis testing. Genetic studies reveal certain heritability of resistance traits, supporting breeding programs as complementary control measures. Alternative therapies including antibodies, mycobacteriophages, and probiotics show promise for early-life infection management. This review also addresses potential public health implications mostly related to the association with Crohn's disease. Despite advances, significant knowledge gaps persist, emphasizing the need for advanced control strategies or therapies to effectively manage Paratuberculosis in ruminants.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13647809/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148418567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report and molecular characterization of gizzard erosion-associated fowl adenovirus serotype 8a in Thailand.","authors":"Sittinee Kulprasertsri, Nuttawat Leeraksakiat, Sakuna Phatthanakunanan, Pattrawut Saengnual, Ploypassorn Homklinkaew, Passorn Wonnapinij, Preeda Lertwatcharasarakul, Wallaya Phongphaew","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05713-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05713-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gizzard erosion (GE) and ulceration are occasionally have been occasionally associated with several serotypes of fowl adenovirus (FAdV), particularly serotype 1 (FAdV-1). Clinical signs of adenoviral GE (AGE) are often subclinical with low mortality. In Thailand, FAdV-2, 8b, and 11 have been reported in association with inclusion body hepatitis (IBH), however, AGE remains undocumented. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate FAdV-associated GE and characterize the FAdV strain detected in GE-affected chickens in Thailand.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Histopathological evaluation revealed intranuclear inclusion bodies within glandular epithelial cells of eroded gizzards. In situ hybridization (ISH) demonstrated positive signals for FAdV nucleic acid within affected glandular epithelial cells, and PCR targeting the hexon gene further confirmed the presence of FAdV genetic material. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of the complete hexon and fiber genes identified the virus associated with GE as FAdV-8a, designated FAdV8a_NPT_KU001_25. Multiple amino acid sequence alignment of the Fiber protein showed that the Thai GE-associated isolate was more closely related to a gizzard-tropic FAdV-8a strain than to an IBH-associated FAdV-8a strain. Although amino acid variations within the knob domain may be associated with differences in tissue tropism and clinical manifestations, their biological significance and role in pathogenesis require further investigation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study represents the first report of a potential GE-associated FAdV-8a strain in Thailand. The findings suggest an association between FAdV-8a infection and GE lesions in affected chickens. However, the etiological role and pathogenic mechanisms of FAdV-8a in GE remain unclear and require further investigation, including experimental reproduction studies. The genomic characterization of this strain provides additional information that may contribute to a better understanding of the genetic diversity and evolution of FAdV-8a.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13647637/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148418532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}