BMC Veterinary Research最新文献

{"title":"Subchondral bone density changes of the talus in dogs with tarsocrural osteochondrosis.","authors":"Yasamin Vali, Walter Dingemanse, Magdalena Müller-Gerbl, Eberhard Ludewig, Henri van Bree, Ingrid Gielen","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04683-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04683-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) and osteochondrosis (OC) are multifactorial developmental joint diseases that can occur in various anatomical locations, including the tarsus of immature, rapidly growing large breed dogs. The pathogenesis of canine OCD and OC involves a disruption in endochondral ossification, resulting in a failure of matrix calcification and vascular invasion. This study aimed to investigate the subchondral bone density changes in Labrador Retrievers with tarsocrural OCD/ OC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 8 dogs with unilateral tarsocrural OCD/ OC were included in the study and density was evaluated with Computed Tomography osteoabsorptiometry (CTOAM ). The findings revealed a significant decrease in subchondral bone density at the location of the OCD/ OC lesion, particularly at the medial trochlear ridge. This area of low density was surrounded by a higher density rim. Furthermore, the contralateral joint showed a significantly higher overall mineral density.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results highlight the significant changes in bone mineral density associated with tarsocrural OCD/ OC. The lower density in the affected joint suggests pathological alterations in the subchondral bone, which may impact the bone turnover and contribute to the development of secondary osteoarthrosis, subsequently. The higher density observed in the contralateral joint emphasizes the role of altered joint loading and adaptation in the subchondral bone.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"252"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143802398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data quality assessment of pig movements in the Norwegian Livestock Register reveals challenges for outbreak preparedness.","authors":"Katharine R Dean, Carl Andreas Grøntvedt, Petter Hopp, Hildegunn Viljugrein, Cecilia Wolff","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04695-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04695-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Animal movements are an important pathway for the spread of pig diseases. Traceability systems provide data for the competent authorities to prevent and manage infectious disease outbreaks. In Norway, batch-level pig movements are documented in the Norwegian Livestock Register. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the quality of pig movement data in the Norwegian Livestock Register for 2022. We assessed the quality in terms of accuracy, completeness and timeliness for the purpose of outbreak preparedness. We used secondary governmental and industry registers for external validation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Norwegian Livestock Register contained all the variables needed for tracing pig movements between farms and to slaughterhouses. The register had high accuracy for individual records of between farm movements, however, it lacked completeness. By comparing movements between farms to the Register for Carcass Deliveries, we found that 41% of sending farms lacked registrations in the Norwegian Livestock Register. Similarly, a quarter of all finisher farms did not report receiving any pigs for 2022. Using indicator farms, we show that three slaughterhouses did not correctly report live animal movements between farms on behalf of owners. Lastly, we found that 41% of records were registered after the deadline of seven days.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The competent authorities need accurate, complete, and timely data on livestock movements to control rapidly spreading diseases. Based on our assessment, we found that pig movement data in the Norwegian Livestock Register lacked sufficient quality to serve this purpose. Instead, we recommend that movement data are additionally obtained through traditional epidemiological methods during outbreaks, such as from primary records on farms. Reporting from slaughterhouses and farms in sow pools should be targeted for improving the completeness and timeliness of the register data. Finally, the measures presented here should be used to develop real-time monitoring of the data quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"249"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143802392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and transmission patterns of Mycoplasma bovis in comingled Holstein dairy heifers from two different parent farms.","authors":"Billy I Smith, Larry K Fox, Helen W Aceto","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04699-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04699-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mycoplasma bovis probably enters dairy herds when carrier animals are introduced. Comingled calves that become subclinical M. bovis carriers could promote cross-dairy transmission. A prospective cohort study in Holstein heifers from two unrelated herds (Farms A and B previously M. bovis positive and negative, respectively) comingled at a facility raising only their calves assessed: 1). prevalence of asymptomatic M. bovis infection; 2). associations between four anatomic sites (nares, eyes, ear canal, vagina; M. bovis culture with PCR confirmation). Fifteen calves per farm were enrolled every 4 months. Swabbing solutions were first collected at parent farms, thereafter monthly for 6 months, then quarterly to 21 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three heifers from each dairy were lost after enrollment leaving 144 heifers (72 per farm) in the analysis. On day 1, a Farm A calf vaginal sample was the single M. bovis positive. While comingled, positives increased dramatically. Days of age to first positive were not different between farms (Farm A median = 109, range 42-561 days; Farm B median = 110, range 33-404 days; P = 0.96). Overall, 125/144 heifers yielded 634 positive samples, intranasal (46.7%), ocular (25.7%), vaginal (17.8%), ear canal (9.8%). The most common combinations were eye/nose (55/634, 43.3%) and nose/vagina (21/634, 16.5%). Intranasal positives increased exponentially at 2-3 months of age, plateauing over 4-10 months, and were more frequent than non-nose (Incidence Rate Ratio 1.44, 95% CI 1.41-1.47; P < 0.001). Positive combinations involving the nose temporally lagged the intranasal alone positives, but eventually reached similar frequencies. After returning to the parent farms, frequency of intranasal positives declined more rapidly than did non-nose.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>M. bovis was cultured from all sites, but the nose appears most critical for transmission. Once intranasal carriage escalated, virtually all calves were subsequently positive at least once at one or more sites, indicating how readily asymptomatic M. bovis can disseminate in a population of animals and potentially manifest as clinical disease later in life.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"251"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143802396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and genetic characterization of bovine viral diarrhea virus in dairy cattle in northern China.","authors":"Yangyang Xiao, Yang Liu, Tianying Chi, Wen Jiang, Tao He, Lihua Xu, Qianqian Dong, Rui Qing Chen, Zhongxiao An, Xiangxiang Sun, Jinliang Sheng, Faxing Wu","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04491-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04491-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is one of the major viral pathogens responsible for respiratory disease complexes in cattle and other ruminants; it has spread worldwide and poses a significant threat to the cattle industry. To understand the prevalence and genetic diversity of BVDV in northern China, this study conducted an epidemiological survey of BVDV in dairy cows across 13 provinces in northern China from June 2022 to June 2024. A total of 2,199 nasal swab samples were analyzed by RT-PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed an overall positive rate of 6.05% for BVDV, with values of 6.47% from June 2022 to June 2023 and 5.59% from July 2023 to June 2024. Notably, the positive rate varied by region, with the highest prevalence in Shandong (9.62%) and the lowest in Hebei (1.61%). Phylogenetic analysis of 53 positive samples revealed that all belonged to BVDV-1, with the predominant sub-genotypes being 1a (47.17%), 1 m (28.30%), and 1c (9.43%). No BVDV-2 or BVDV-3 was detected, indicating that BVDV-1a is the most prevalent strain in northern China. This study also highlighted the genetic diversity of BVDV, with nucleotide homology among the sub-genotypes ranging from 70.2 to 92.1%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>An epidemiological survey of BVDV conducted in 13 provinces (regions) in northern China between 2022 and 2024 revealed a positive rate of 6.05%. The prevalent genotype identified was BVDV-1, with the predominant sub-genotypes being BVDV-1a, BVDV-1 m, and BVDV-1c. The findings of this study provide new evidence for the molecular epidemiology and genetic evolution of BVDV transmission in northern China, laying a foundational basis for the development of vaccination and control strategies against BVDV.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"250"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143802394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic follow-up investigation of NSP seroreactors and in-contact cattle and buffaloes for foot-and-mouth disease virus using probang sampling.","authors":"Ankit Pannu, Swati Dahiya, Anshul Lather, Amandeep Kaur, Punesh Sangwan, Neelam Rani, C S Patil, Vikas Yadav, Naresh K Kakker, Rajeev Ranjan, Jajati Keshari Mohapatra","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04682-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04682-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious and economically devastating disease of cloven-hoofed animals. In India, the FMD Control Program has been ongoing for the last two decades. A 3AB3 nonstructural protein (NSP)-based indirect ELISA test is used for population serosurveys to differentiate between infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA). In the present study, a systematic follow-up investigation of the NSP seroreactors and in-contact bovines was carried out from rural cohorts as well as an organized farm in Haryana, India to identify the carrier or neoteric animals. No FMD outbreak was reported from Haryana, a Northern state of India in 2022 and NSP reactivity has also consistently been under 10% for the last five years (2018-2022).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bovines from ten villages of district Hisar, Haryana, demonstrated 5.3% (20/377) [cattle (11.3%; 12/106) and buffaloes (3.0%; 8/271)] FMDV 3AB3 NSP reactivity. Out of those 20 NSP reactors, nine months later, two buffaloes were randomly screened. Both were found negative for NSP reactivity as well as for FMDV in oropharyngeal fluid (OPF) by reverse transcription-multiplex polymerase chain reaction (RT-mPCR) using 1D/2B gene-specific primers. Further screening was done in a herd of regularly vaccinated cattle (n = 11) of an organized farm with no history of FMD outbreaks for more than a decade. All the susceptible animals were vaccinated with FMD + Haemorrhagic septicemia + Black Quarter combined oil adjuvanted vaccine. An NSP reactivity of 36.7% (4/11) in cattle calves 2-4 months after vaccination indicated either the exposure of animals to FMDV or the presence of residual NSPs in the vaccine. None of the OPF samples collected twice from these cattle at intervals of 36-44 days were found to be positive for FMDV with RT-mPCR. The observed NSP seropositivity could be linked to either false positive reactions or evidence of past exposure and virus elimination during OPF sampling. Nearly all animals exhibited protective antibody titers (≥ log₁₀ 1.65) against the structural proteins of FMDV serotypes O, A, and Asia-1 by Solid Phase Competitive ELISA (SPCE) indicating the effectiveness of vaccination.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study provided a preliminary follow-up investigation to assess the status of NSP seroreactors to establish the circulation of FMDV in the animal population, if any, so that the effectiveness of the ongoing vaccination program could be assessed and potential disease-free zones could be identified.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"247"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11969694/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143787840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergence of dual drug-resistant strongylids in goats: first phenotypic and genotypic evidence from Ratchaburi Province, central Thailand.","authors":"Abigail Hui En Chan, Chanisara Kaenkaew, Wallop Pakdee, Sivapong Sungpradit, Urusa Thaenkham","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04700-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04700-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study provides crucial insights into the prevalence and drug resistance patterns of strongylid gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) in goats in Thailand, highlighting resistance to albendazole and levamisole. Strongylids, particularly Haemonchus sp. and Trichostrongylus sp., pose a significant threat to goat health. With the global rise of anthelmintic resistance, the detection of multidrug resistance in Thailand's goat population is concerning, given the frequent import and export of goats. This resistance challenges effective parasite control strategies. This study aimed to identify strongylid species using both morphological and genetic methods and to assess resistance to albendazole and levamisole through phenotypic and molecular approaches.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fecal samples from 30 goat farms in Ratchaburi Province revealed a high prevalence of strongylid infection (87%), with Haemonchus sp. and Trichostrongylus sp. detected on 100% and 96% of farms, respectively. Phenotypic assays demonstrated significant drug resistance, with 90% and 71% of farms harboring strongylid populations resistant to albendazole and levamisole, respectively. Genotypic analysis of pooled infective larvae showed that 100% of farms had albendazole-resistant strongylid populations, with 31% homozygous and 69% heterozygous resistance, and Trichostrongylus sp. showing 48% homozygous and 52% heterozygous resistance. For levamisole resistance, 92% of farms contained resistant strongylid populations, with Haemonchus sp. exhibiting 11% homozygous and 81% heterozygous resistance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides the first comprehensive evaluation of phenotypic and genotypic resistance in strongylid nematodes in Ratchaburi Province, addressing a key geographical gap in Thailand's resistance data. The findings highlight the urgent need to reassess GIN management practices and develop sustainable strategies to mitigate resistance. Furthermore, these results have significant implications for transboundary livestock health, emphasizing the necessity of collaborative efforts to combat the growing challenge to anthelmintic drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"245"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11969839/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanopore versus Illumina to study the gut bacterial diversity of sows and piglets between farms with high and low health status.","authors":"Carla Tort-Miró, Laura Lorenzo-Rebenaque, Laura Montoro-Dasi, Santiago Vega, Juan Carlos Rodríguez, María-Paz Ventero, Maria Teresa Pérez-Gracia, Judith Guitart-Matas, Noemí Giler-Baquerizo, Ana Marco-Fuertes, Giuseppe D'Auria, Clara Marin, Lourdes Migura-Garcia","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04693-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04693-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antibiotics are used in animal husbandry to control infectious diseases. Different stressors can compromise animal health, leaving piglets vulnerable to pathogens, especially enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), which causes post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD), the major source of mortality and morbidity in swine production. Furthermore, PWD is a recurrent disease for certain farms, suggesting a link between gut microbial composition and animal health. The aim of this study was to identify the intestinal microbiota of pigs on farms with high health status (HHS) and low health status (LHS) to determine the relationships between sanitary status and gut health. Therefore, three pig farms with LHS presenting recurrent problems of PWD and three farms with HHS were selected to characterise the intestinal microbiome of sows and their piglets. 16 S rRNA gene sequencing technology was used to determine the associations of the gut microbiome with health. With the aim of bringing the MinION Nanopore device to the field for its portability and taxonomic resolution, the results obtained with Illumina were compared to those obtained with Nanopore.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, the results indicated remarkable differences in intestinal microbial communities between animals from LHS farms and those from HHS farms, suggesting that the microbiomes of LHS animals were enriched with potential pathogenic microorganisms, mainly from the Pseudomonadota phylum, such as the genus Escherichia-Shigella, and their associated related species. Moreover, animals from HHS were enriched with beneficial microorganisms, such as Lactobacillus spp., Christensenellaceae R7 group, Treponema, Acetitomaculum and Oscillospiraceae UCG-005.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study identifies potential microorganisms that may contribute to health and disease in pig farms with HHS and LHS, suggesting that tracking their occurrence might provide insight into sanitary conditions. Moreover, this research highlights the compatibility between Illumina and Nanopore sequencing platforms, justifying the use of MinION Nanopore device in field applications for in situ studies of PWD. This application has the potential to enhance sustainable economic growth in swine farms by enabling more effective monitoring and management of animal health.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"246"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11969850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143787815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National consumption of antimicrobials intended for use in animal livestock health: a retrospective data analysis of antimicrobial imports to Uganda from 2018 to 2020.","authors":"Freddy Eric Kitutu, Juliet Sanyu Namugambe, John Senkusu, Juliet Nalubwama, Ben Ssenkeera, John Kateregga, Noel Aineplan, Diana Nakitto Kesi, Hellen Byomire Ndagije, Eric Kasakya, Lawrence Mugisha","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04709-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04709-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antimicrobial use in animals is one of the major drivers for the emergence and spread of resistant microorganisms. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) can spread from animals to humans and vice versa. However, there is scanty data on antimicrobial consumption in livestock in low and middle income countries especially Uganda. Monitoring antimicrobial consumption and use (AMCU) in the veterinary sector is important to identify areas of overuse and misuse and to design targeted interventions to reduce the need for unintentional exposure. This study aimed to quantify and characterize by pharmacological class the antimicrobials intended for use in animals in different livestock production systems imported annually in Uganda.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We extracted data from the Uganda National Drug Authority (NDA) database on antimicrobials imported intended for veterinary use from 2018 to 2020. We analysed the quantities of the active pharmaceutical ingredient using the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) methodology and reported the consumption in kilograms and tonnes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For our study period from 2018 to 2020; 210,419 kg, 150,032 kg and 142,069 kg of antimicrobials for animal use were imported into the country respectively with annual average importation of 167,507 kg (167.6 tons). Antibacterials accounted for 82% and antiprotozoals accounted for 18% of the total quantities over the three years. Oxytetracycline was the top most consumed antibacterial. The top five pharmacological classes were tetracyclines (22.5 tons, 44.8%), aminogylcosides + penicillin combination (15.3 tons, 29.7%), sulfonamides and trimethoprim (6.14 tons, 12.4%), macrolides (1.88 tons, 3.9%) and fluoroquinolones (1.676 tons, 3.5%). 97% (97%) of the antibacterials were from the WHO Veterinary Critically Important Antimicrobials, 57.1% were from the WHO Highly Important Antimicrobials group, 32.1% were from the Critically Important Antimicrobials group and 10.7% were from the Highest Priority group. The European Medicines Agency AMEG analysis revealed that 57.1% were from the lowest risk (D) category, 36.5% were from the intermediate risk (C) category and 6.5% were from the restricted use (B) category.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides baseline data on the national-level consumption of antimicrobials used in animal health in different livestock production systems in Uganda for future reference. Annual quantification and analysis of veterinary AMCU should continue to inform monitoring distribution and use in relationship to livestock population numbers and the burden of diseases. Antimicrobial stewardship and pharmacovigilance activities in the animal health sector should focus on raising awareness to adhering to national and international guidance for appropriate and prudent use of antimicrobial agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"248"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11970010/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143787819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Ehrlichia spp. in dogs and ticks in Hainan Province, China.","authors":"Haiyue Zu, Zhilong Xiang, Xiaoming Zhang, Qiyuan Cao, Yang Lin, Zhu Ying, Biswajit Bhowmick, Hengtao Xiang, Qian Han, Jinhua Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04434-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-024-04434-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ehrlichia spp. are a group of intracellular parasitic bacteria primarily transmitted by ticks. They exhibit a wide global distribution and can infect a diverse range of mammals, including humans, underscoring their immense public health significance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 631 ticks examined, all were identified as belonging to the Rhipicephalus linnaei; of these, 63 (9.98%) out of 631 ticks tested positive for Ehrlichia canis.Additionally, 140 (11.08%) out of 1264 dog blood samples were positive for E. canis. Notably, Ehrlichia ewingii and Ehrlichia chaffeensis were not detected. The prevalence of Ehrlichia infection in dogs was associated with factors such as age, breed, dewormer use, tick infestation, and living environment while displaying no association with the dog's gender.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In Hainan Province, Rhipicephalus linnaei is the dominant tick species infecting dogs. Dogs are vulnerable to Ehrlichia infection, particularly rural and stray dogs, suggesting the need for a targeted control strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"239"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11966896/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143771350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimisation of integrated control of ticks and tsetse flies in mixed game and livestock interfaces in Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda.","authors":"Michael Ocaido, Celsus Sente, Judith Irene Nagasha, Daniel Kiiza, William Edyang, Fred Kanyike, Solome Namirimu","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04704-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04704-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mixed Game and Livestock Interfaces (MGLIs) in and around conservation areas like Queen Elizabeth National Park (QENP) have typanosomosis, tsetse flies, Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases (TTBDs) as major constraints to livestock productivity. There were no cheaper community-based methods for controlling both ticks and tsetse flies. It was against this background that this study was done.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A weekly restricted spraying of cattle using vectocid ® for 6 months was done in MGLIs in QENP for controlling both ticks and tsetse flies. Before technology introduction, a baseline survey was done to establish livestock productivity, tsetse infestation and cattle tick burdens, prevalence of tick-borne diseases (TBDs) and trypanososmosis, morbidity and mortality rates due to TBDs and trypanososmosis; and the economic cost due to TTBDs, tstetse flies and trypanosomosis. Later the above parameters were monitored to quantify the impact.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After intervention, infestations by Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (14.8 ± 0.8 / cattle), Ambylloma variegatum (0.8 / cattle) and Rhipicephalus evertsi (0.2/ cattle) decreased by 43.2%, 50% and 100% respectively. However, Rhipicephalus microplus and Rhipicephalus decoloratus infestations grew by 1000% and 400% respectively. Tsetse fly catches per trap after 72 h decreased from 14.2 to 0. The trypanosomosis prevalence in cattle decreased from 7.3% to none. The farmer reported prevalence of tryapanosomosis reduced from 31.6% to 1.1%; East Coast Fever (ECF) reduced from 12.3% to 4.3%; heartwater and anaplasmosis reduced from 4.5% and 0.7% respectively, to 0. The mortality rate of cattle due to tryapnosomosis was reduced from 7.2% to 0; ECF reduced from 3.2% to 0.6%; anaplasmosis and heartwater reduced from 0.1% and 1.1% respectively to 0. Annual mortality loss per cattle herd due to trypanosomosis and TBDs reduced by 88.3% from USD 1,571.3 to USD 184.1 after intervention. Before intervention tryapnosomosis, ECF, anaplasmosis and heartwater constituted 70.6%, 17.7%, 11.1% and 0.6% of this loss respectively. However, after intervention there was mortality loss of only USD 35.9 which occurred due to ECF. The annual economic cost of ticks, tsetse flies, TBDs and trypnosomosis decreased from USD 1,916.8 to USD 302, with return of investment of 23.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The introduced technology was effective for control of tsetse flies, R. appendiculatus, R. evertsi and A. variegatum; but not for R. decoloratus and R. microplus.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"244"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11966823/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}