BMC Veterinary Research最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of measurement performance among Tono-Vera vet, Tono-Pen vet, and Tono-Vet plus using an ex vivo porcine eye model.","authors":"Jen-Shuai Chang, Yan-Hui Li, Heng-Ju Lin, Yi-Shan Chiang","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04860-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04860-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accurate measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) is critical in veterinary ophthalmology, yet performance differences between handheld tonometers remain a clinical challenge. This original article aims to directly evaluate the newly launched Reichert^® Tono-Vera Vet (TVV) compared to two commonly used tonometers, the Icare^® Tono-Vet Plus (TVP) and Reichert^® Tono-Pen Vet (TPV), using an ex vivo porcine eye model across a wide range of IOP levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ten eyes were used to compare the accuracy and consistency of TVV, TVP, and TPV across physiological (5-25 mmHg) and high (30-70 mmHg) intraocular pressure (IOP) ranges. Bias assessment, Bland-Altman plots, regression analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TVV demonstrated superior accuracy in the physiological range, with a mean deviation of 1.16 ± 2.31 mmHg and narrow limits of agreement (min =-3.38 mmHg, max = 5.69 mmHg). At higher pressures, TVV's variability increased (mean deviation = 0.566 ± 5.95 mmHg). TVP consistently overestimated IOP, particularly at high pressures (mean deviation = 5.68 ± 6.46 mmHg), while TPV significantly underestimated IOP (mean deviation =-11.0 ± 8.55 mmHg; p < 0.001). Bland-Altman analysis confirmed TVV's better agreement with true IOP in the physiological range. Regression analysis showed a strong correlation for TVV (R² > 0.90), and ROC analysis highlighted its strong discriminative ability (AUC = 0.913). None of the devices effectively differentiated accurate measurements at high IOPs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>TVV outperformed TVP and TPV in accuracy and consistency, particularly for physiological IOPs. Its reliability supports its use in routine IOP assessments, though all devices showed limitations at elevated pressures.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"408"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12147360/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144257227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro assessment of lavender ethanolic extract supplemented semen extender on cryopreserved ram epididymal sperm quality and fertility outcome.","authors":"Ramin Farhadi, Amir Hossein Mohammadi Ghanatghestani, Roughayeh Abbasi, Dina Farshidfar, Abouzar Najafi","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04852-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04852-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the protective role of different concentrations of lavender ethanolic extract (0, 75, 150, and 300 μg/dL) on the microscopic, oxidative stress, structural, and fertility parameters of ram epididymal sperm after the freezing/thawing process. Post-thaw evaluations included motility parameters, membrane integrity, acrosome membrane integrity, abnormality, MDA concentration, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase enzyme activities, viability, apoptosis stages, mitochondrial membrane potential, DNA fragmentation, ROS levels, and fertility parameters (pregnancy rate, birth rate, and lambing rate). The results indicated that the extender containing 150 µg/dL lavender extract improved motility parameters, including progressive motility and VCL compared to the control extender. In the evaluation of structural and biochemical parameters, the addition of 150 µg/dL lavender extract significantly enhanced plasma membrane and acrosome integrity, as well as superoxide dismutase activity, while reducing sperm abnormalities and MDA concentration compared to the control group. There was no significant difference in glutathione peroxidase activity between different extract concentrations. Furthermore, the presence of 150 µg/dL lavender extract increased mitochondrial membrane potential and sperm viability, while significantly decreasing H₂O₂ free radical levels and DNA fragmentation, compared to the control group. In terms of fertility parameters, the use of an extender containing 150 µg/dL extract significantly increased pregnancy, birth, and lambing rates, although no significant difference was observed in the twinning rate between groups. In conclusion, adding 150 µg/dL lavender extract can improve the quality and fertility of ram semen after freezing/thawing, and its use is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"407"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12147334/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144257228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of parturition induction, farrowing environment and birth weight class on endocrine and metabolic plasma parameters related to piglet vitality.","authors":"Heinke Lickfett, Michael Oster, Andreas Vernunft, Henry Reyer, Eduard Muráni, Solvig Görs, Cornelia C Metges, Hartwig Bostedt, Klaus Wimmers","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04845-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04845-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>High pre-weaning mortality rate in pig husbandry is not acceptable across all production systems. Successful neonatal adaptation is key to improve piglet vitality and survival, which could be increased through adequate management practices around parturition. In this study, vitality parameters in German Landrace piglets (n = 96) are evaluated based on (i) the use or omission of hormonal parturition induction and (ii) the farrowing environment, i.e., crates (1.0 m²) or pens (6.5 m²). In addition, the effects of (iii) the allocation to birth weight classes were analysed. The aim was to quantify plasma metabolites with significance for organ maturation and energy utilization in neonates and suckling piglets with different birth weights as a function of the hormonal induction of parturition and farrowing environment in a longitudinal approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Farrowing traits including litter size, stillborn piglets, and inter-farrowing intervals did not differ due to parturition induction nor farrowing environment (P > 0.05). Piglets from spontaneous parturitions required less time until the first suckling event (P < 0.05) and had higher rectal temperatures after 24 h than piglets from induced parturition (P < 0.05). Spontaneously born piglets exhibited lower plasma glucose (1d; 4d) and lactate levels (4d), but higher levels of NEFA (4d), total protein (4d; 20d), and blood urea nitrogen (1d; 20d) compared to piglets from induced parturitions (P < 0.05). This suggests higher organ maturation and that proteins are probably utilised primarily for growth rather than energy production during the neonatal adaptation phase, i.e., the first four days postnatum. Pen-born piglets exhibited lower glucose (1d; 4d), lower inositol (0.5-6.0 h; 1d), higher urea (0.5-6.0 h), and higher creatinine levels (0.5-6.0 h; 1d; 29d) compared to piglets from crated dams (P < 0.05), suggesting differences in energy metabolism, renal function, and physical activity between the two farrowing environments. Hypotrophic piglets showed lower plasma glucose concentrations (1d; 4d) and higher cortisol (1d; 4d) and NEFA levels (4d) indicating lipid mobilisation and induction of gluconeogenesis via muscle protein catabolism (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sow management, i.e., the induced parturition using exogenous hormones as well as the applied farrowing environment are reflected in plasma metabolite profiles of piglets and must be critically questioned in routine use with regard to the effects on piglet development.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"406"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12144723/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144246354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthelmintic activity of winter savory (Satureja montana L.) essential oil against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep.","authors":"Filip Štrbac, Slobodan Krnjajić, Radomir Ratajac, Laura Rinaldi, Vincenzo Musella, Fabio Castagna, Dragica Stojanović, Nataša Simin, Dejan Orčić, Antonio Bosco","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04771-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04771-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The increasing difficulties in combating anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) of sheep worldwide, and the residues of chemical drugs in animal products and the environment, necessitate the search for alternatives. Previous studies have shown that plant essential oils (EOs) could be valuable anthelmintic agents, due to their numerous advantages. The present study aimed to evaluate the possibility of using winter savory (Satureja montana L.) EO against sheep GINs. The chemical composition of the tested oil was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The efficacy of the tested oil was determined in vitro using the egg hatch test (EHT), and in vivo using the faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) performed in two farms. Preliminary toxicity studies including clinical observation, haematological and biochemical blood analysis were also performed to evaluate the safety of the tested oil to the hosts. In addition, a coproculture study was carried out in the tested farms using the appropriate morphological keys.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Main compounds of the S. montana oil identified by GC-MS analysis were p-cymene (42.8%), carvacrol (28.1%) and y-terpinene (14.6%). The in vitro EHT showed a dose-dependent (R² = 0.94) anthelmintic potential of the tested oil, with ovicidal activity varying from 17.0-83.3% and determined IC₅₀ value of 0.59 mg/ml. The field efficacy reached 33% (at group level) and 50% (at individual level) at D14 after treatment. In vivo efficacy was significantly higher in farm 2 (FEC above 65% at group level, p < 0.05) where sheep were kept in pens during treatment. No toxic effects were observed, either in the physical observation of the test animals or in their liver and kidney function. No significant changes (p > 0.05) in the percentage representation of GIN genera were observed in the coproculture study, indicating that the treatment agent was not specific to a single genus.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The anthelmintic potential showed on EHT and FECRT, without adverse effects on the sheep, suggests that S. montana EO is suitable for the control of sheep GINs as part of an integrated parasite management. However, further studies should be conducted to increase efficacy in field conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"405"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12144719/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144246353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of seasonal chronic heat stress on body thermoregulation, cortisol release and uterine health in postpartum native Alentejana and Mertolenga beef cattle.","authors":"Luís G Capela, Inês C Leites, Luísa M Mateus, Ricardo P Romão, Rosa Mln Pereira, Luís Lopes-da-Costa","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04810-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04810-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Selection towards resilience to heat is a main goal to mitigate Heat Stress (HS) effects. Resilient breeds entail a genetic pool to uncover novel thermoregulatory mechanisms. This study evaluated the response to seasonal chronic HS and mechanisms behind thermo-resistance in two heat-resilient native cattle breeds. Multiparous cows of Bos taurus native breeds Alentejana (ALT, n = 34) and Mertolenga (MERT, n = 55), maintained in continuous pasture, were examined at 40 ± 6 d postpartum at the end of Summer (S) and Winter (W). Cow-side temperature-humidity index (THI) and body temperatures were measured, blood was collected for BHB, leptin, total T3 and T4, neck hair was collected for cortisol measurement, and the genital tract was evaluated by ultrasonography, endometrial cytology and biopsy. In ALT cows, rectal temperature was similar in both seasons, whereas in MERT cows it was greater (p < 0.01) in S compared to W. Mean THI of previous 60 days attenuated the increment in body temperatures, revealing a significant (p < 0.01) acclimation mechanism, which was more efficient in ALT. In summer, T3 decrease was more accentuated in ALT than MERT cows (34% vs. 13%, p < 0.05). This highlights the breed's specific thermoregulatory traits. Hair cortisol concentrations were not affected by season, thereby failing as a reliable indicator of HS in native breeds. Endometrial cytology proportion of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) was reduced with increasing THI (p < 0.01), independent of cortisol secretion. In conclusion, this study identified chronic stress phenotypic markers of beneficial thermoregulatory mechanisms of heat resilient cattle breeds, relevant for selection programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"404"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12139315/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144233066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tertiary lymphoid structures in pulmonary granulomas of cattle experimentally infected with aerosolized Mycobacterium bovis.","authors":"Mitchell V Palmer, Douglas E Jones, Nicholas J Bockenstedt, Paola M Boggiatto","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04804-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04804-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mycobacterium bovis is the primary cause of tuberculosis in animals, most notably cattle. In cattle and other susceptible hosts, the hallmark lesion of tuberculosis is the granuloma. Granulomas represent the host-pathogen interface where disease outcome is determined; therefore, it is critical to understand host-pathogen interactions at the granuloma level. Granulomas are highly structured lesions with distinct cellular compartments for T cells, macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, and B cells. A recognized but poorly understood morphologic feature of many granulomas is the presence of structures resembling follicular or germinal center-like arrangements of B cells known as tertiary lymphoid organs, or tertiary lymphoid structures. Pulmonary granulomas from cattle experimentally infected with M. bovis were collected at 15-, 30-, 90-, 180- and 270-days post-infection and examined for the presence of tertiary lymphoid-like structures. Follicle-like structures associated with granulomas were first seen 90 days after infection and persisted in later time points. Compartmentalization of T cells and B cells similar to follicles in germinal centers of lymph nodes was demonstrated using in situ hybridization. Additionally, the presence and arrangement of myeloid cells, endothelial cells, T follicular helper cells, and chemokines critical to tertiary lymphoid structure formation was shown to be similar to lymph node follicles and that described for tertiary lymphoid structures in other species. This represents the first demonstration by in situ hybridization of the similarities of follicle-like structures associated with pulmonary bovine tuberculous granulomas to tertiary lymphoid structures in other species and follicles within secondary lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"403"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12139164/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis and treatment of infectious endocarditis caused by Paenibacillus lautus in a small-breed dog: a case report.","authors":"Hyung-Kyu Chae, Seoyeoun Ji, Doo-Sung Cheon, Won-Kyoung Yoon, Yeon-Jung Hong","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04805-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04805-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infectious endocarditis is an uncommon disease in dogs; however, its incidence and survival rates have increased owing to advances in the understanding of the disease and diagnostic techniques. For diagnosis, it is necessary to determine whether a dog suspected of being infected has any abnormalities that meet the modified Duke criteria. Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., and Escherichia coli are the most commonly isolated bacteria causing infective endocarditis in dogs, whereas the less commonly isolated bacteria include Pseudomonas spp. and Proteus spp.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 5-year-old neutered male Maltese presented with lethargy, anorexia, anaemia, and pyrexia. A vegetative mass in the aortic valve was identified on echocardiography, and the possibility of endocarditis was considered. The dog's fever, anorexia, and lethargy rapidly improved in response to the initial antibiotics and prednisolone, which was prescribed for a possible immune-mediated disorder. However, the dog's condition deteriorated again after discontinuing antibiotics and tapering the prednisolone dose. During this period, Paenibacillus spp. was isolated from blood cultures. After prescribing antibiotics based on the sensitivity results and adding hydralazine to reduce afterload, the dog survived without recurrence of symptoms to date.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Paenibacillus spp. was identified as the causative agent of infectious endocarditis. A favourable prognosis can be expected if appropriate antibiotics in combination with medications that address the blood flow changes due to valve damage are used.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"399"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12135280/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Genetic characterization and pathogenicity of two Recombinant PRRSV-2 strains from lineages 1, 3, 5, and 8 emerged in China.","authors":"Chunhua Wei, Chen Liu, Guangsong Chen, Yuan Yang, Jiarui Li, Huijuan Dan, Ailing Dai, Cuiqin Huang, Manlin Luo, Jiankui Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04858-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04858-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"402"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12135293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rabbit carcasses as important vectors of multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecalis, but not E. faecium: prevalence and molecular characterization from a study in Poland.","authors":"Przemysław Knysz, Krzysztof Szkucik, Michał Gondek","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04849-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04849-y","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Numerous studies indicate that multidrug-resistant Enterococcus bacteria are widely present on the carcasses of various food-producing animal species as well as in facilities used for their production. However, in the global literature, there is no information available regarding the prevalence, species composition or antibiotic resistance of enterococci contaminating rabbit carcasses. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Enterococcus bacteria on the surface of carcasses of rabbits slaughtered in an EU-approved abattoir with particular emphasis on two species, i.e., Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium). In addition, the phenotypic and genotypic resistance to antibiotics of rabbit-origin E. faecalis isolates and the relatedness of multi-drug resistance strains has been evaluated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The study revealed that 425 out of 496 examined rabbit carcasses were contaminated with Enterococcus spp., with a prevalence of 85.69% (95% CI: 82.60-88.77%). E. faecalis was confirmed on the surface of 237 carcasses, which constituted 55.8% of the Enterococcus-positive swabs and 47.8% of all carcasses examined. E. faecium was not detected on the surface of any of the rabbit carcasses tested. Phenotypically, 97.5% of isolates were classified as resistant to tetracycline, 92.4% to erythromycin, 65% to kanamycin, 54% to streptomycin, 40.4% to ciprofloxacin, 30% to enrofloxacin, and 0.4% to penicillin and ampicillin. Moreover, 66.40% of E. faecalis isolates showed multidrug resistance to at least three classes of antibiotics. The presence of genes determining the resistance to tetracycline (tetM and tetL), erythromycin (ermB), aminoglycosides (aac(6')-Ie-aph(2\")-Ia), and streptomycin (ant(6)-Ia), was consistent with the phenotypic resistance pattern observed in E. faecalis isolates. Using ADSRRS fingerprinting analysis, four main clusters were visualized, with almost every branch containing multi-drug resistant isolates from rabbits bred on farms in different locations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The high prevalence of enterococci on rabbit carcass surfaces indicates poor hygiene during the production process at rabbit abattoirs. Compared to E. faecium, E. faecalis appears better adapted to persist on the surface of rabbit carcasses and/or meat cuts in the slaughterhouse environment. This may be attributed to its stronger biofilm-forming ability, as E. faecalis was the only species detected in all Enterococcus-positive samples tested. Rabbit carcasses are also an important vector of multidrug-resistant E. faecalis. The high genetic similarity of multidrug-resistant E. faecalis isolates from rabbit carcasses raised on different farms suggests a common source of these bacteria or cross-contamination at slaughter. Our results supported E. faecalis as an indicator bacterium for antibiotic resistance under Commission Implementing Decision (EU","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"400"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12135610/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First molecular detection and multilocus genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi from pigs in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region, Southern China.","authors":"Si-Ang Li, Yang Liu, Hui-Hong Lu, Ya-Fei Song, Meng-Jie Chu, Fei Huang, Shu-Yan Wang, Dong-Hui Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04836-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04836-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND ENTEROCYTOZOON BIENEUSI: is a cosmopolitan microsporidian that infects a wide range of vertebrate and invertebrate hosts including humans, domestic animals and wild game. In this study, we determined the prevalence of E. bieneusi in pigs from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, examined the different genotypes present, and assessed their zoonotic potential.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study investigate the prevalence and multilocus genotyping of E. bieneusi in pigs from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in China. We collected 721 fecal samples from pigs in four regions (Guigang, Nanning, Hezhou and Yulin). These samples were subsequently analyzed using nested PCR and multilocus sequence typing (MLST).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results demonstrated that the overall prevalence of E. bieneusi in pigs was 24.55%, ranging from 11.48 to 43.26% among four regions. The infection rates of E. bieneusi in pigs of four types (breeding pigs, piglets, nursery pigs and fattening pigs) and two feeding modes (free-range farming and intensive farming) ranged from 9.71 to 42.42%, and 16.71-34.71% respectively. The results of statistical analysis revealed that there were significant differences in the prevalence of E. bieneusi in different regions, types and feeding modes (P < 0.05). Ten novel genotypes (GXP-1 to GXP-10) and 12 known genotypes of E. bieneusi were identified. Genotype EbpC and EbpA were the main prevalent genotypes in this study. All the identified E. bieneusi genotypes were clustered to zoonotic group 1 by phylogenetic analysis. Fifty-seven samples were simultaneously amplified at three microsatellite loci and one minisatellite loci, resulting in the formation of 44 distinct multilocus genotypes (MLGs).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present study for the first time revealed the prevalence and genotypes diversity of E. bieneusi in pigs from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, providing foundational data for the prevention and control of this parasitic disease. Moreover, the observed genotype distribution of E. bieneusi suggests a substantial risk of zoonotic transmission, highlighting the need for sustained surveillance and targeted intervention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"401"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12135585/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}