BMC Veterinary Research最新文献

{"title":"Overexpression of MCL-1 in canine hepatocellular carcinoma and its efficacy as a prognostic marker.","authors":"Jehun Baek, Jaeho Cho, Hun-Kyeong Shin, Wan Hee Kim","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04798-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04798-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL-1)-an anti-apoptotic protein of the B-cell lymphoma 2 family-is commonly overexpressed in human cancers, promoting tumorigenesis and chemoresistance. Upregulated MCL-1 in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been demonstrated in numerous studies, and therapeutic agents targeting this protein have been assessed. However, its prognostic significance in canine HCC remains unclear. The objective of this study was to detect MCL-1 protein in canine normal liver tissue and compare its expression level with that in HCC tissue using western blotting. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to quantify MCL-1 intensity levels in normal, non-neoplastic hepatic diseases, and HCC tissues, and the differences were assessed. Additionally, the relevance of MCL-1 immunostaining to various clinical and pathological parameters was evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MCL-1 expression was markedly elevated in HCC tissues relative to normal liver tissues (P = 0.029). Additionally, all 10 normal liver tissues exhibited low IHC expression, which significantly increased as the malignancy progressed (P < 0.001). In the HCC samples, high MCL-1 immunostaining was substantially correlated with metastatic status (P = 0.034) and tumor size (P = 0.046). Moreover, survival curve analysis revealed a significant relationship between upregulated MCL-1 and lower disease-free survival and overall survival rate (P = 0.006 and P = 0.031, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MCL-1 expression is increased in canine HCC, and its overexpression significantly correlates to worse clinical outcomes. Therefore, MCL-1 is considered to be a promising prognostic marker.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"349"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the safety and feasibility of extracorporeal therapy: therapeutic plasma exchange in dogs - report of five cases.","authors":"Suellen Rodrigues Maia, Reiner Silveira de Moraes, Silvano Salgueiro Geraldes, Maria Gabriela Picelli de Azevedo, Amanda Garcia Stefaniszen, Márcio Antônio Batistela Moreira, Angélica Afonso, Henry David Mogollón García, Adriano Sakai Okamoto, Alessandra Melchert, Maria Lúcia Gomes Lourenço, Regina Kiomi Takahira, Fabiana Ferreira de Souza, Rogério Giuffrida, Priscylla Tatiana Chalfun Guimarães Okamoto","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04758-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04758-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) has been used in immunological diseases, conditions of hyperviscosity, and the removal of protein-bound drugs and toxins. Although complications may be encountered, its use has been reported to offer some degree of safety and clinical improvement for dogs. This case report aimed to describe the feasibility and safety of TPE in dogs.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>Five dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) and/or canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) not responsive to immunosuppressive treatment underwent TPE by centrifugation. Physical, laboratory, and cardiovascular parameters were assessed pre- and post-TPE. Although one dog presented with angioedema and another dog presented with neurological signs (nystagmus) during the procedure, no other significant hemodynamic or hemostatic complications were observed, and both the physical and cardiovascular parameters remained stable post-TPE. Both angioedema and nystagmus were controlled at post-TPE. A tendency for a decrease in serum protein and ionic calcium was the main laboratory finding.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Centrifugation-based TPE is a safe and feasible therapy in dogs with IMHA and CVL. Attention should be given to hypocalcemia, the tendency toward hypoproteinemia, and secondary complications such as the occurrence of neurological signs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"348"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Efficacy and mechanism of action of harmine derivative H-2-104 against Echinococcus granulosus infection in mice.","authors":"Huijing Gao, Qinwei Xu, Jiang Zhu, Kadierya Kuerban, Bei Chen, Jun Zhao, Kalibixiati Aimulajiang, Liang Teng","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04828-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04828-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"347"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selection signatures and inbreeding: exploring genetic diversity in five native horse breeds.","authors":"Vittoria Asti, Andrea Summer, Michela Ablondi, Cristina Sartori, Andrea Giontella, Valeria Pilastro, Samanta Mecocci, Katia Cappelli, Enrico Mancin, Angelica Oian, Roberto Mantovani, Stefano Capomaccio, Alberto Sabbioni","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04794-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04794-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Horses have undergone extensive natural and artificial selection, shaping the diversity of breeds observed today. Native Italian breeds present unique traits influenced by natural selection, such as adaptation to harsh climates, or hoof strength, but face challenges due to population declines and the reduction of their original breeding purpose. This study focuses on five local Italian breeds: Bardigiano, Haflinger, Maremmano, Murgese, and Italian Heavy Draught Horse, to understand how selection has shaped their populations. A total of 1620 individuals were genotyped with a medium-density SNP chip and remapped to EquCab3. After quality control, where data were filtered based on missing genotypes per SNP (> 0.10) and missing SNPs per sample (> 0.10), 1498 horses and 54,825 SNPs remained for analysis. Population structure and runs of homozygosity (ROH) were identified, and genomic inbreeding coefficients were calculated based on ROH coverage of autosomal SNPs. ROH islands shared by ≥ 70% of horses were identified as selection signatures, and candidate genes within these regions were annotated. The inbreeding coefficient (FROH) ranged from 0.15 to 0.23, with Bardigiano and Haflinger showing the highest values probably due to selective breeding, while Maremmano, Murgese, and Italian Heavy Draught Horse displayed lower FROH, reflecting a broader diversity. ROH islands were identified on 12 chromosomes, with 23 islands distributed among breeds. Cold-blooded breeds (Bardigiano, Haflinger, and Italian Heavy Draught Horse) showed the majority, particularly on Equine Chromosome 3 (ECA3). These islands overlapped with 83 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and 76 genes associated with morphology and health. Health-related traits such as osteochondrosis and hoof health were linked to ROH patterns, particularly in Bardigiano and Haflinger, highlighting selection for disease resistance. Signature of selections were found in the proximity of MC1R and ASIP genes likely due to their role for coat color; especially in the Haflinger and Italian Heavy Draught Horse the genotype frequency of the BIEC2_816499 SNP which is in the vicinity of the causative mutation for chestnut coat color is due to linkage disequilibrium between the two. In conclusion, this study offered valuable insights that breeders could utilize to make sound decisions. This issue would ensure the maintenance of breed genetic diversity, and the preservation and improvement of the breed's distinct traits and health standards.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"346"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IncI2 plasmid transfer and changes of intestinal microbiota in mice under β-lactam antibiotic pressure.","authors":"Kaidi Liu, Junqi Liu, Yuting Su, Minge Wang, Tengfei Long, Liangxing Fang, Yufeng Zhou, Jian Sun, Xiaoping Liao","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04808-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04808-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>β-lactam antibiotics represent the most widely utilized class of antimicrobial agents in livestock and poultry breeding. However, the effects of β-lactam antibiotics on conjugation transfer of IncI2 plasmids and the homeostasis of the mouse intestinal microbiota have not been thoroughly investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed that the transfer of IncI2 plasmid was the highest for intra-specific E. coli and inter-specific transfer to Salmonella and K. pneumoniae occurred at much lower levels in the absence of β-lactam antibiotic selective pressure. Furthermore, inter-species and intra-species transfer of IncI2 plasmid was enhanced in the presence of sub-MIC levels of amoxicillin/clavulanate and cephalexin whereas ampicillin promoted only inter-species transfer. These results were consistent with in vivo observations where amoxicillin/clavulanate and cephalexin but not ampicillin promoted conjugation. Meanwhile, the intestinal microbiota was also disturbed following antibiotic treatment and Proteobacteria abundance increased while Bacteroides decreased. The gut microbiota could also be partially restored to initial levels after antibiotic cessation for 14 days.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings highlight the potential risk of β-lactam antibiotics in promoting the spread of resistance plasmids and causing disruption to the intestinal microbiota.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"343"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Haematological and biochemical reference values for Bonelli's eagles in the wild and in captivity: implications for conservation and rehabilitation programs.","authors":"Fernando González, Octavio Perez-Luzardo, Luis Revuelta, Laura Suárez-Regalado, Virginia Moraleda-Fernández, Alicia Carrero-Ruíz, Laura Del Río","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04790-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04790-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Haematological and clinical biochemistry analyses are essential tools for evaluating the health status of avian species, including the endangered Bonelli's eagle. Despite their importance, existing reference intervals (RIs) for such parameters in raptor species are frequently constrained by limited sample sizes, thus complicating clinical interpretations. This research followed the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology (ASVCP) guidelines to establish haematological and clinical biochemistry reference intervals for the Bonelli's eagle, utilizing an indirect approach. Conservation initiatives of the Bonelli's eagle have provided a unique opportunity to gather a high number of samples under various conditions, facilitating a comprehensive comparison between wild and captive populations. Over the course of six years, from 2016 to 2021, our research analyzed 516 blood samples collected within the framework of a European Life Project. After rigorous data cleaning and stringent selection criteria application, a representative sample of 184 birds was determined. Various physiological parameters and blood lead levels were quantified in healthy individuals. Additionally, we used Principal Component Analysis to discern distinctions between populations and to investigate potential interrelationships among the diverse parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We established Reference Intervals for three distinct reference groups of birds: wild nestlings ( <math><mrow><mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>72</mn></mrow> </math> ), captive nestlings ( <math><mrow><mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>45</mn></mrow> </math> ), and adults ( <math><mrow><mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>49</mn></mrow> </math> ). Our findings indicate that age significantly affects many blood parameters. Meanwhile, gender impacts only a few parameters in adult birds. Notably, wild nestlings exhibited higher levels of AST, K, TP, and Pb in their blood compared to those bred in captivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This paper provides the first reliable RI for physiological, haematological, and clinical biochemistry parameters in both nestling and adult Bonelli's eagles. The data will augment the knowledge of the physiology of this endangered raptor, contributing significantly to the understanding and monitoring of both free-living birds and captivity programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"342"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080055/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic characterization and pathogenicity of two recombinant PRRSV-2 strains from lineages 1, 3, 5, and 8 emerged in China.","authors":"Chunhua Wei, Chen Liu, Guangsong Chen, Yuan Yang, Jiarui Li, Huijuan Dan, Ailing Dai, Cuiqin Huang, Manlin Luo, Jiankui Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04779-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04779-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a major economic threat to the global swine industry. Currently, NADC30-like PRRSV has undergone complex recombination with local Chinese strains, which has exacerbated the evolution of PRRSV. Recently, new recombinant PRRSV-2 strains from four lineages (lineages 1, 3, 5, and 8) have emerged in China. However, information on the pathogenicity of the novel isolate in China remains limited. To further our knowledge about the isolate, FJLIUY2017 and PRRSV2/CN/G8/2018 were selected to analyze their pathogenicity for piglets.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The PRRSV FJLIUY2017 and PRRSV2/CN/G8/2018 strains were isolated by porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) and MARC-145CD¹⁶³. Complete genomic sequence analyses were conducted using the DNASTAR 7.0 software and the phylogenetic tree was constructed with MEGA 7.0. Recombination events were detected using RDP V4.10 and SIMPLOT software 3.5.1. Five PRRSV-free per group were inoculated with 2 mL (2 × 10⁵ TCID50) of the FJLIUY-2017 and PRRSV2/CN/G8/2018. Clinical signs of disease were recorded daily after challenge. Blood samples were collected from all piglets on days 0, 4, 7, 11, and 14 dpi for analysis of viral load by IFA and PRRSV-specific antibody levels by ELISA kit. Lung gross and microscopic lesions of the inoculated piglets were examined by scoring system for lung lesion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Full-length genome analysis revealed that FJLIUY2017 and PRRSV2/CN/G8/2018 share 89.2% identity with each other, and in particular, they had a low degree of homology (< 92%) with PRRSV sequences available in GenBank. Phylogenetic and recombination analyses revealed that the two strains were recombinant viruses from lineages 1, 3, 5.1, and 8.7 strains. Animal studies indicated that FJLIUY-2017 resulted in the typical clinical signs of PRRSV, including persistent fever, higher viremia, severe lung lesions, and 20% mortality, whereas PRRSV2/CN/G8/2018 caused moderate clinical symptoms and no mortality during the challenge period. Hyper-immune sera against the major vaccine strains JXA1-R (lineage 8) and Ingelvac PRRS MLV (Lineage 5) failed to neutralize two strains.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>FJLIUY-2017 caused persistent fever, higher viremia, 20% mortality and exhibited higher pathogenicity in piglets compared to PRRSV2/CN/G8/2018. Our results suggest that recombination between different PRRSV-2 lineages can result in the development of PRRSV variants with increased pathogenicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"341"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12079828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cysticercus bovis in slaughtered cattle in upper Egypt: implications for food safety.","authors":"Nady Khairy Elbarbary, Ahmed Gareh, Maha Abdelhaseib, Ahmed Fotouh, Neveen M Abdelmotilib, Mohammed Fathy Ragab, Mohamed K Dandrawy","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04768-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04768-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bovine cysticercosis is regarded as an essential food safety concern, causing human taeniasis, as well as a significant economic worry, as infected carcasses are condemned, frozen, and downgraded. It is caused by Cysticercus bovis (C. bovis), which is the larval stage of Taenia saginata that inhabits the small intestine of man. In the two-host life cycle, humans are the definitive hosts, and cattle are the intermediate hosts. Therefore, the current research aims to study the prevalence of C. bovis in slaughtered cattle in Aswan province, Upper Egypt, by using both macroscopic and molecular techniques.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study on C. Bovis in slaughtered cattle was conducted from July 2023 to April 2024 at several central slaughterhouses (Edfu, Kom Ombo, Daraw, Aswan, and Abu Simbel) in Aswan province, Egypt, to ascertain the prevalence of C. bovis in 47,763 slaughtered cattle through routine daily antemortem and postmortem inspections; histopathological inspection and molecular analysis were implemented to verify the findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 47,763 slaughtered cattle, 1,083 (2.27%) have macroscopic C. bovis cysts. The infection rates in local and imported cattle were 1.94% (203/10438) and 2.36% (880/37325), respectively. The prevalence of C. bovis infection was found to be significantly associated with the age, sex, and body condition of slaughtered cattle (p < 0.05). In the local breed, the heart had the highest occurrence of C. bovis (64%), whereas in the imported breed, the masseter muscles were the most susceptible to infection (92.00%). The histopathological analysis demonstrated that the deteriorated cysts were situated in regions of tissue coagulative necrosis, characterized by a wide range of inflammatory infiltrates and collagen fibers, particularly eosinophils and macrophages. In addition, the muscle fibers undergo degenerative changes, which may lead to the loss of normal muscle structure. The presence of the C. bovisHDP2 gene was demonstrated by the PCR analysis of C. bovis cyst samples, which showed positive diagnostic bands at 599 bp on gel electrophoresis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on the findings in this study, the slaughtered cattle meant for human consumption in Aswan, Egypt, had C. bovis lesions restricted to one or a few organs. The study revealed that the spread of infection in these valuable organs in cattle has negative implications for food safety.</p><p><strong>Recommendation: </strong>We strongly support the One Health strategy for preventing zoonotic pathogens from spreading to humans and preventing economic loss in cattle production.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"344"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080167/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Lagenaria siceraria seed oil-enriched extender regulate sperm quality, oxidant/antioxidant markers, and sperm mitochondrial enzymes in chilled diluted rabbit semen?","authors":"Ramya Ahmad Sindi, Sameh A Abdelnour, Ehab El-Haroun, Mohammed A Alfattah, Yasser H A Saber, Asmaa M Sheiha","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04782-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04782-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the cryoprotective effects of Lagenaria siceraria seed oil (BG) on rabbit sperm quality during a 72-hour period of chilled storage at 4 °C. While a prevalent method for preserving rabbit semen, cryopreservation can elicit cold shock and other stressors, resulting in a decline in sperm quality. Thereafter, the researchers hypothesized that BG, potentially due to its antioxidant properties, could mitigate these detrimental effects. For the experiment, semen samples were diluted in extender and assigned to treatment groups receiving BG at concentrations of 0 (BG0), 100 (BG100), 200 (BG200), or 400 (BG400) µL/mL, followed by storage at 4 °C. Sperm quality parameters (motility, viability, membrane integrity, and morphology) were assessed at 24-, 48-, and 72-hour time points of storage. Results indicated a quadratic improvement in sperm motility, viability, and membrane integrity with the addition of 100 or 200 µL/mL of BG across all time points (P < 0.01). A quadratic relationship was observed between BG supplementation levels and the concentrations of GPx and SOD, indicating a dose-dependent increase. BG treatment at all concentrations led to elevated total antioxidant capacity (TAC) compared to the control, with peak TAC values at 200 and 400 µL/mL BG. Conversely, nitric oxide (NO) levels significantly decreased (P < 0.001) with increasing BG dosage. BG treatment significantly decreased malondialdehyde, H₂O₂, and protein carbonyl levels compared to the control (P < 0.01). Additionally, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activities were significantly and quadratically improved at BG concentrations of 200 and 400 µL/mL relative to the 100 µL/mL concentration. In conclusion, supplementing rabbit semen extenders with BG significantly enhanced sperm quality during 72-hour chilled storage by attenuating oxidative stress, bolstering antioxidant capacity, and promoting mitochondrial enzyme activity. These findings suggest that BG is a promising additive for improving the preservation of chilled rabbit semen, potentially benefiting artificial insemination and rabbit breeding programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"345"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of dietary salt on the development of hypertension and gut microbiome dysbiosis in captive-bred vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops).","authors":"Zandisiwe Emilia Magwebu, Sanele Khoza, Mikateko Mazinu, Esme Jordaan, Meenu Ghai, Chesa Gift Chauke","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04795-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04795-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The study was designed to establish a hypertensive nonhuman primate model to evaluate the role of dietary salt intake on blood pressure levels and gut microbiome regulation. Sixteen adult vervet monkeys were selected and assigned into two groups (control and experimental). The control group was given a maintenance diet (100 g), whereas the diet of the experimental group was supplemented with 1.5 g/day of dietary salt in the mornings for six months (T₀-T₆), thereafter, the dose was increased to 2 g/day for additional six months (T₉-T₁₂). Blood and stool samples were collected for biochemical and 16 S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The control group was borderline hypertensive (134.7/62.9 mmHg), whereas elevated blood pressure levels (171.3/81.3 mmHg) were observed at T₁₂ indicating the experimental group to be salt sensitive. Furthermore, gut microbiome analysis showed two main phyla, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. However, there was no significant difference for alpha and beta diversity for both groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggested that dietary salt intake (1.5-2 g/day) caused alterations in systolic blood pressure levels, chloride and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). However, these changes were not associated with gut microbiome dysbiosis even though significant changes were observed over time for the individual groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"339"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12070606/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143972134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}