BMC Veterinary Research最新文献

{"title":"Urinary tract infection due to Staphylococcus schleiferi biofilm formation in the subcutaneous ureteral bypass system in a cat.","authors":"Yoshinori Sato, Nami Hatayama, Yuko Suzuki, Naoko Yugeta, Yusuke Yoshino","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-05020-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-05020-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Staphylococcus schleiferi is mainly isolated from dogs and occasionally infects cats. We recently encountered a case of a biofilm-related urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by S. schleiferi in a cat with a subcutaneous ureteral bypass (SUB) system. This report presents a case of biofilm formation by S. schleiferi in the SUB system and discusses the causes of UTIs.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 9-year-old female cat had been using the SUB system since 4 years-of-age. The cat had no significant clinical history or UTIs for 4 years after the first implantation of the SUB system. The SUB system was flushed once per month. When the cat was 8 years-of-age, the subcutaneous port of the SUB system was contaminated with Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and replaced with a new one. Subsequently, the SUB system had no particular problem for 8 months. The SUB system was flushed once every 2 months. However, the cat occasionally developed gross haematuria. Additionally, S. schleiferi was detected in urine. Although doxycycline was administered to the cat, 6 weeks later, the cat had cutaneous wounds with abscesses caused by excessive grooming of the skin in contact with the subcutaneous port of the SUB system. S. schleiferi was detected in a severe abscess in the cutaneous wound, and skin necrosis was observed. As bacterial contamination of the SUB system was suspected, the SUB system was removed from the cat. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed biofilm formation inside the locking loop catheters and outside the subcutaneous port of the SUB system. In an in vitro assay, S. schleiferi isolated from a catheter of the SUB system had low biofilm-forming ability. After the SUB system was removed, S. schleiferi was not detected in the urine and the infection was completely cured.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Considering these results, bacterial infections in cats with SUB systems should be carefully monitored, as contamination by biofilm-forming bacteria can occur regardless of flushing frequency.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"566"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the presence of Beta-hemolytic streptococci and cytological profiles in horse tracheal lavage samples with diverse clinical respiratory symptoms.","authors":"Orhan Pınar, Cansu Çelik Doğan, Deniz Aktaran Bala, Cihan Kumaş, Alper Mete","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-05011-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-05011-4","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Riding clubs face significant financial losses due to upper respiratory infections caused by Beta-hemolytic (β-hemolytic) streptococci, leading to strangles and related diseases that negatively impact the health and performance of horses. Our objective was to determine the relationship between these inflammatory cells, the presence of β-hemolytic streptococcal species, and the clinical symptoms exhibited by the horses. This study investigated the presence of β-hemolytic streptococcus in 133 tracheal lavage samples from horses exhibiting various clinical respiratory symptoms and quantified the populations of neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, and mast cells. The horses included in this study exhibited a variety of clinical respiratory symptoms categorized into groups: (I) Horses with no apperent symptoms (Control Group), (II) Horses with only coughing, (III) Horses with only lymph node swelling, (IV) Horses with coughing and lymph node swelling, (V) Horses with all symptoms (coughing, lymph node swelling and nasal discharge). After obtaining the bacterial cultures from tracheal wash samples, additional diagnostic tests were performed to identify the suspected colonies. The cytological analysis determined the proportions of inflammatory cells, while the statistical analysis assessed the significance of differences in inflammatory cell populations and pathogen presence across the different symptom groups.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Among 133 horses categorized into five clinical groups, S. zooepidemicus was isolated in 18% overall, with the highest isolation rate in horses exhibiting both coughing and lymph node swelling (36%). Statistical analysis showed a significant difference in S. zooepidemicus prevalence between groups (p = 0.019), with post hoc tests confirming significance between asymptomatic horses and those with combined symptoms. Neutrophil proportions differed significantly among groups (p = 0.010), with the highest counts in symptomatic horses with both coughing and lymph node swelling. Furthermore, bacteriologically positive samples exhibited significantly higher neutrophil counts (median 83.5, IQR 76) than negatives (median 22, IQR 46, p &lt; 0.001), suggesting an acute inflammatory response linked to infection. In contrast, macrophage, lymphocyte, and eosinophil counts showed no significant variation among groups or infection status.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Horses with coughing and lymph node swelling showed the highest prevalence of β-hemolytic streptococci. S. zooepidemicus infection was associated with increased neutrophils and decreased macrophages and lymphocytes, highlighting the role of neutrophils in inflammation. Asymptomatic horses may also carry the bacteria, indicating their role as carriers. Distinct inflammatory profiles correspond to clinical signs, underscoring the complexity of equine respiratory disease and the value of cytology and tracheal wash in dia","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"558"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Berberine ameliorates acute hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia induced by ketamine/xylazine in rats: role of alpha₂ adrenergic receptors, oxidative stress and inflammatory suppressing mechanisms.","authors":"Rusul Abdulhameed Kadhim, Amir Erfanparast, Esmaeal Tamaddonfard, Davoud Amirkashani, Mehdi Imani","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-05017-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-05017-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Xylazine is a common veterinary drug used for sedation, anesthesia, muscle relaxation and analgesia. Berberine (C₂₀H₁₈NO₄⁺) is an alkaloid compound found in different plant species with a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities. To date, no studies have examined the effects of berberine on acute hyperglycemia. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the effects of berberine on acute hyperglycemia and low insulin levels caused by ketamine/xylazine (K/X) administration. To clarify the involved mechanism, yohimbine (C₂₁H₂₆N₂O₃, an α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist) was used. To further elucidate the underlying mechanisms, insulin concentration, SOD activity, TAC, MDA, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels in serum were also determined.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Berberine (1.25, 5, and 20 mg/kg) and yohimbine (0.5 and 2 mg/kg) were injected intraperitoneally (IP) 25 and 20 min before acute hyperglycemia induction, respectively. IP administration of a cocktail of ketamine (100 mg/kg) and xylazine (10 mg/kg) caused acute hyperglycemia. The tail blood glucose levels and their average (30-120 min) were measured. After the last blood glucose level measurement, blood samples were taken, and the serum insulin concentration, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) levels were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>K/X significantly (P < 0.05) increased blood glucose at 30, 60, 90, and 120 min, decreased insulin levels, and induced oxidative stress, which was accompanied by an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines. Berberine (5 and 20 mg/kg) and yohimbine (2 mg/kg) significantly reduced blood glucose and increased insulin levels. Berberine (5 and 20 mg/kg) treatment also improved the decreased TAC content and SOD activity and restored the increased serum levels of MDA, TNF-α and IL-1β. Furthermore, coadministration of ineffective doses of berberine (1.25 mg/kg) and yohimbine (0.5 mg/kg) significantly prevented hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia. The synergic effect between berberine and yohimbine was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, berberine helps counteract K/X-induced hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia. Anti-hyperglycemic synergy between berberine and yohimbine suggests that berberine works partly by blocking α2 adrenergic receptors. In addition, oxidative stress and pro-inlammatory mediators reduction and anti-oxidative activity elevation might be involved in these metabolic effects of berberine.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"560"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anna: an open-source platform for real-time integration of machine learning classifiers with veterinary electronic health records.","authors":"Chun Yin Kong, Picasso Vasquez, Makan Farhoodimoghadam, Chris Brandt, Titus C Brown, Krystle L Reagan, Allison Zwingenberger, Stefan M Keller","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-05000-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-05000-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the rapidly evolving landscape of veterinary healthcare, integrating machine learning (ML) clinical decision-making tools with electronic health records (EHRs) promises to improve diagnostic accuracy and patient care. However, the seamless integration of ML classifiers into existing EHR systems in veterinary medicine is often hindered by the inherent rigidity of these systems or by the limited availability of IT resources to implement the modifications necessary for ML compatibility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Anna is a standalone analytics platform that can host ML classifiers and interfaces with EHR systems to provide classifier predictions for laboratory data in real-time. Following a request from the EHR system, Anna retrieves patient-specific data from the EHR system, merges diagnostic test results based on user-defined temporal criteria and returns predictions for all available classifiers for display in real-time. Anna was developed in Python and is freely available. Because Anna is a stand-alone platform, it does not require substantial modifications to the existing EHR, allowing for easy integration into existing computing infrastructure. To demonstrate Anna's versatility, we implemented three previously published ML classifiers to predict a diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism, leptospirosis, or a portosystemic shunt in dogs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Anna is an open-source tool designed to improve the accessibility of ML classifiers for the veterinary community. Its flexible architecture supports the integration of classifiers developed in various programming languages and with diverse environment requirements. Anna facilitates rapid prototyping, enabling researchers and developers to deploy ML classifiers quickly without modifications to the existing EHR system. Anna could drive broader adoption of ML in veterinary practices, ultimately enhancing diagnostic capabilities and patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"557"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fusion membrane proteins derived subunit vaccine candidates effectively protect against Mycoplasma bovis challenge in mice.","authors":"Yong Xuan Wang, Hong Song Cheng, Jun Yue, Qian Hu, Shuai Bo Han, Ying Fen Li, Yu Jie Chen, Er Peng Zhu, Zhen Tao Cheng","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04980-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04980-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) is the causative agent of bovine mycoplasmosis, a disease that can lead to respiratory issues, otitis media, mastitis, and arthritis in cattle and causes huge economic losses to the cattle breeding industry. Although vaccination represents the most effective method for the prevention of M. bovis, there is a lack of commercially available subunit vaccines that are effective against this disease. Here, we developed several subunit vaccine candidates using different combinations of membrane proteins M27, M32, M498, and M663 derived from a M. bovis strain isolated in Guizhou Province, China. Subsequently, the immune efficacy of the subunit vaccine candidates was evaluated in mice through immunization and challenge experiments. The results showed that the M. bovis subunit vaccines constructed from different protein fusions (M27-32, M27-498, M27-663, M27-32-498, M27-32-663, M27-498-663, and M27-32-498-663) were capable of eliciting the secretion of specific antibodies in mice. Furthermore, these candidates also induced robust TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6 in the serum of mice, suggesting the induction of Th1- and Th2-type immune responses. Microscopically, these M. bovis subunit vaccine candidates were also effective in reducing lung tissue damage caused by M. bovis infection, suggesting that they provide good protection against challenge with virulent M. bovis. Among the tested vaccine candidates, the M27-498-663 and the M27-32-498-663 subunit vaccine candidates demonstrated the most robust immune efficacy, laying the foundation for the effective control of M. bovis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"559"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidating the pathogenesis of rumen abnormal adipose deposition in high-concentrate fed Hu sheep through transcriptomic profiling.","authors":"Yunfei Xu, Guoxiu Wang, Weimin Wang, Jiale Jia, Qihao Gao, Haoyu Xu, Anfeng Zhu, Jing Zhao, Yang Zhang, Zhen Liu, Zichun Miao, Chong Li","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04988-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04988-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Abnormal ruminal fat accumulation is a significant rumen health problem under high-concentration feeding regimes. However, the pathogenesis of abnormal ruminal fat accumulation remains poorly understood, the determinants of inter-individual variability are undetermined, and the incidence is relatively high.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study assessed the incidence of abnormal ruminal adipose deposition in 326 fattening Hu lambs and conducted comparative analyses between lesion (LG) and normal (NG) groups. Production performance and feed intake were monitored over a 100-day trial. At slaughter (180 days), rumen samples were collected for histological evaluation using hematoxylin-eosin staining and ultrastructural analysis with transmission electron microscopy. Transcriptome sequencing was employed to identify differentially expressed genes associated with the condition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The incidence of abnormal ruminal adipose deposition was 11.96%. Phenotypic analysis revealed that LG group showed significantly reduced growth performance (P < 0.05) and shorter ruminal papillae (P < 0.05) compared to NG group, accompanied by histopathological hallmarks including ectopic adipocyte infiltration in submucosal/muscular layers and localized inflammation. Ultrastructural examination identified desmosomal disruption, mitochondrial swelling, dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum, and cytoplasmic lipid droplet accumulation. Transcriptome sequencing identified 9,292 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Key pathways included tumor-related signaling, cytokine-receptor interactions, and Hippo signaling. The aberrant upregulation of lipid regulatory factors such as LIPC and CLPSL2, coupled with the suppression of PNPLA3 and LIPG, establishes an interactive network.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Abnormal rumen adipose deposition in intensively fed sheep involves significant transcriptomic alterations affecting lipid metabolism and signaling pathways. These findings enhance understanding of ARAD pathogenesis and provide a foundation for developing targeted strategies to mitigate this underreported condition in intensive feeding systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"547"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge and practices of traditional treatment of chicken diseases using medicinal plants by indigenous communities in Najjembe sub-county, Buikwe district central Uganda.","authors":"Alice Nabatanzi, Samuel Baker Obakiro, Abdul Walusansa, Nambejja Cissy, Godwin Anywar","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-05008-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-05008-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>For centuries, farmers in central Uganda have used diverse medicinal plants in ethnoveterinary medicine for treating chicken diseases. However, the unique plant species used, and associated ethnoveterinary knowledge had not been well documented. Hence this research reports the medicinal plants used in the management of chicken diseases in Najjembe sub-county, Buikwe District, Central Uganda to guide the advancement and sustainable use of these plants in the future.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An ethnoveterinary survey was conducted among 150 chicken farmers who were purposively sampled from ten villages within Najjembe sub-county, Buikwe district from January to September 2021. Voucher specimens of the plants were prepared, identified and authenticated at Makerere University Herbarium. Numerical data summarized using percentages, frequencies, Informant Consensus factor (ICF) and paired comparisons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All farmers (150), atleast used medicinal plants to treat chicken diseases, with majority of them aged 25 to 44 years (65.3%) and acquired this indeginous knowledge from family members (48%). Fifty-nine plant species were reported with the most cited or preferred being; Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f., (64), Capsicum frutescens L., (60), Nicotiana tabacum L. (55),Cannabis sativa L. (50), Bidens pilosa L.(12), Momordica foetida Schumach.(10). The plants belonged to 59 genera and 31 families: mostly Asteraceae (n=8, 13.6%), Fabaceae (n =5, 8.5%), Rosaceae (n=5, 8.5%), Myrtaceae (n=4, 6.8%) and Lamiaceae (n=4, 6.8%). Most medicinal plants were herbs (45.8%) and trees (25.4%). Leaves (66.1%) were the most used parts and were largely prepared as decoctions (38.9%). Most plant species had ICF greater than 0.7 for given chicken disease implying a high consensus in the community. Nicotiana tobacum L. had ICF values of 0.98, 0.98, 0.90, 0.98, 0.86 and 0.88 for swollen eyes, manson's eye worm, eye infections, diarrhea, fowl typhoid and flue. The major challenges reported were failure to determine doses and scarcity of medicinal plants due to the escalating deforestation of Mabira Central Forest Reserve.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is widespread use of herbal medicines in the treatment of several chicken ailments in Najjembe sub-county, Buikwe District. The rich diversity of medicinal plants provides good prospects for development of novel ethnopoultry drugs that might provide a solution to the escalating global resistance against conventional chicken drugs. Although some of the species are exotic in Uganda, there is an urgent need to conserve the threatened plant species against increasing deforestation, climate change, human settlement and agricultural expansion.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"551"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical practice recommendations and expected outcomes with fluorescent light energy: a Delphi-like consensus.","authors":"Luisa Cornegliani, Amelia White, Frédéric Sauvé, Laura Ordeix, Ursula Mayer, Courtney Campbell, Jacques Fontaine, Galia Sheinberg, Emmanuel Bensignor, Andrea Marchegiani, Becky Valentine, Oscar Fantini, Anthony Yu","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-05047-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-05047-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"565"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond stabilization: prevalence, risk factors and molecular identification of rumen flukes in cattle from Northwestern Spain.","authors":"David García-Dios, Pablo Díaz, Susana Remesar, Carlota Fernández-González, Néstor Martínez-Calabuig, Ana Saldaña, Rosario Panadero, Patrocinio Morrondo, Ceferino Manuel López","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-05009-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-05009-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>An upward trend of paramphistomid prevalence was detected in domestic ruminants from Europe in the last decades. Nevertheless, recent data from Ireland, which reports the highest prevalences in Europe, suggests that this trend may be stabilizing. This study analysed the current epidemiological situation of rumen fluke infections in cattle from northwestern Spain, focusing on two regions: Galicia, where increasing prevalences were reported, and Asturias, where data is limited. Between 2018 and 2022, 3,095 faecal samples from 137 farms were analysed using sedimentation coproscopical technique. Risk factor analysis was conducted through mixed logistic regression and ANOVA; paramphistomid species were molecularly identified.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>High individual (51.2%; 95% CI: 49.4-53.0) and herd (81.8%; 95% CI: 74.1-87.6) prevalences were found, representing the highest recorded prevalence of paramphistomid infections in cattle from Spain. The risk of being infected significantly increased with age, being lower in cattle aged 1-24 months than in those 25-60 months-old (OR 5.8) or older than 60 months (OR 17.1). Prevalence was significantly higher in Asturias (OR 11.4) and in animals co-infected with Fasciola hepatica (OR 13.1). Animals from farms without slurry scrapers also showed significantly higher prevalences (OR 76.9), which may be related to less professionalization. Egg shedding intensity was notably higher in older animals and those co-infected with F. hepatica as well as in farms from coastal areas and using extensive management. Calicophoron daubneyi was the only species detected.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings reveal a continued upward trend in rumen fluke prevalence in cattle from north-western Spain, suggesting that a stabilization of prevalence is not occurring. The study highlights that surveillance, farmer education, and integrated control measures are highly recommended in north-western Spain, especially in Asturias, where infection rates are particularly high.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"561"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergence of African swine fever in Bangladesh: key findings from an outbreak investigation.","authors":"Most Shahana Akter, Md Nazrul Islam, Md Riabbel Hossain, Shadia Tasnim, Shukes Chandra Badhy, Md Golam Azam Chowdhury, Emdadul Haque Chowdhury, Rokshana Parvin","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04998-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04998-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>African swine fever (ASF), caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), is a significant transboundary animal disease characterized by severe hemorrhages and high mortality in pigs. It poses substantial socioeconomic threats to the global pork industry. This study reports the first in-depth investigation of ASF in Bangladesh, focusing on the clinicopathological observations in naturally infected pigs and the molecular detection of ASFV.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>On August 28, 2024, an outbreak occurred on a farm in the Panchagarh district of Bangladesh, which housed 230 indigenous pigs, 210 of which were found dead suddenly. Clinicopathological observations were conducted to assess the tissue changes and confirm the presence of the virus. Postmortem examinations were performed on selected animals and tissue samples, including spleen, lungs and liver, were collected from four pigs for laboratory analysis. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was conducted on the collected samples to detect the presence of ASFV at the molecular level, targeting the B646L gene encoding the p72 capsid protein. Clinically, the pig exhibited high fever (41-42 °C), anorexia, marked dullness, respiratory distress and lethargy. A severe bloody nasal discharge (epistaxis) was also noted, which followed death. Gross pathological findings included red hepatization of the lungs with edema, severe hemorrhagic splenomegaly, and a congested hemorrhagic liver. Histopathological examination of the lungs revealed widespread pneumonia, with predominant infiltration of alveolar macrophages. The spleen exhibited massive multifocal necrosis, while the liver showed significant hepatocellular necrosis, portal hepatitis, macrophage infiltration, and the presence of intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies. All four samples tested positive for ASFV by qPCR.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Since the initial outbreak, no detailed investigation of African swine fever (ASF) has been documented in Bangladesh. This field investigation, therefore, represents the first comprehensive report in the country. Continued in-depth studies, including genomic characterization of the virus and systemic surveillance of the pig population, are essential for the effective control and prevention of ASF in Bangladesh.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"556"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}