BMC Veterinary Research最新文献

{"title":"Putative effects of moringa oil or its nano-emulsion on the growth, physiological responses, blood health, semen quality, and the sperm antioxidant-related genes in ram.","authors":"Rehab F S A Ismail, Wael A Khalil, Sara I Grawish, Karima Gh M Mahmoud, Sameh A Abdelnour, Alaa M A Gad","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04444-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-024-04444-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phytochemicals have been effectively used to enhance the growth and productivity of farm animals, while the potential roles of essential oils and their nano-emulsions are limited. This plan was proposed to investigate the impacts of orally administered moringa oil (MO) or its nano-emulsion (NMO) on the growth, physiological response, blood health, semen attributes, and sperm antioxidant-related genes in rams. A total of 15 growing Rahmani rams were enrolled in this study and allotted into three groups. The 1^st control group received a basal diet only and treated orally one mL of distilled water, while the 2^nd, and 3^rd groups received a basal diet and were orally treated with 1 mL of NMO or 2 mL of MO /head/day for 4 months, respectively. Growth, physiological response, blood health, semen quality, and antioxidant genes in sperm were assessed. The MO and NMO treatments had no significant effect on growth indices (final body weight and weight gain ) and physiological response (rectal temperature, pulse, and respiration rates) (P > 0.05). The NMO group had the lowest levels of MCV (mean corpuscular volume) (P < 0.05), while all treated groups produced higher levels of mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) compared to those in the control group (P < 0.05). Aspartate transferase (AST) and total cholesterol were significantly reduced in the MO and NMO groups, while total protein and glucose levels were significantly improved in NMO group (P < 0.05). Serum and seminal interstitial-cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH) levels were significantly improved (P < 0.0001) in the NMO group. Testosterone in serum and seminal plasma was significantly improved (P < 0.0001) in the MO group. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels showed a tendency to increase in both the MO and NMO groups, but this increase was not significant compared to the untreated group (P > 0.05). On the other hand, the MO group exhibited lower levels of AST and malondialdehyde (MDA), while the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were the lowest in the NMO group (P > 0.05). Mass motility, viability, membrane integrity and sperm concentration were significantly improved in the MO group (P < 0.0001) compared to the other groups. The NMO group had worse expressions of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) compared to the control and MO groups. MO group significantly upregulated the catalase gene compared to the other groups (P < 0.001). The expression of Caspase-3 was highest in the group that received NMO compared to the other groups (P < 0.001). This study suggests that MO may serve as a novel therapeutic agent for improving the reproductive health in Rahmani rams.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142944341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistently high concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate affect hepatic SOD2 expression and blood SOD activity in high-yielding dairy cows.","authors":"Dominika Grzybowska, Katarzyna Żarczyńska, Przemysław Sobiech, Paweł Brym, Dawid Tobolski","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04464-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-024-04464-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Elevated BHB levels are hypothesized to influence hepatic antioxidant enzyme expression and activity, contributing to oxidative response. However, the impact of BHB between 0.8 and 1.2 mmol/L on these mechanisms remains unclear. We hypothesized that elevated serum BHB levels would influence the hepatic expression of antioxidant genes (SOD1, SOD2, SOD3, and GPX3) and blood antioxidant enzyme activity, contributing to oxidative response. The primary objective was to evaluate the correlation between serum BHB levels, hepatic antioxidant gene expression, and blood antioxidant enzyme activity in high-yielding dairy cows during the postpartum period. The study involved 23 healthy high-yielding Holstein-Friesian dairy cows, divided into experimental (EXP, n = 12) and control (CONT, n = 11) groups based on serum BHB levels during the first three weeks postpartum. The EXP group maintained BHB levels between 0.8 and 1.2 mmol/L, while the CONT group remained below 0.8 mmol/L. All animals were monitored up to 9 weeks postpartum. This cohort study utilized weekly blood samples from 7 days prepartum to 9 weeks postpartum and liver biopsy samples from 4 to 7 weeks postpartum. Serum BHB concentrations, blood SOD and GSH-Px activities, and hepatic expression of SOD1, SOD2, SOD3, and GPX3 genes were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The EXP group exhibited a significant increase in hepatic SOD2 expression at 4 weeks postpartum (p < 0.05) and higher blood SOD activity at 6 and 7 weeks postpartum compared to controls. This suggests an oxidative activity response to elevated BHB levels. By week 7, hepatic SOD2 expression began to normalize, indicating a transient response or adaptation. No significant changes were observed in hepatic SOD1, SOD3, or GPX3 expression between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Persistently high serum BHB levels in postparturient dairy cows significantly impact hepatic SOD2 expression and blood SOD activity. The specificity of this response, primarily involving SOD2, highlights the complex interplay between metabolic changes and oxidative mechanisms during the transition period. These findings underline the importance of BHB concentration monitoring and suggest potential reevaluation of current BHB thresholds for identifying at-risk cows. Furthermore, SOD2 could potentially serve as an early biomarker.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142944338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A SYBR green I-based multiplex real-time PCR for simultaneous detection of pseudorabies virus, porcine circovirus 3 and porcine parvovirus.","authors":"Lihua Cao, Wenke Lv, Anqi Li, Lulu Yang, Feng Zhou, Feng Wen, Sheng Yuan, Shujian Huang, Zhili Li, Jinyue Guo","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04440-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-024-04440-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pseudorabies virus (PRV), porcine parvovirus (PPV) and porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) are common in swine farms in China. Single infection or co-infection with PRV, PPV and/or PCV3 was difficult to distinguish between their clinical symptoms and pathological changes. Therefore, a quick and accurate detection method is needed for epidemiological surveillance, disease management, import and export control.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the present study, we established a multiplex real-time PCR assay based on SYBR Green I for the simultaneous detection of PRV, PPV and PCV3 genomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PRV, PPV and PCV3 were distinguished in the same sample by their different melting temperatures (Tm), with melting peaks at 90 °C for PRV, 84 °C for PPV and 80 °C for PCV3, respectively, and other non-targeted swine pathogens did not exhibit specific melting peaks. The assay showed a high degree of linearity (R²≧0.995), and the detection limits were 4.76 copies/μL for PRV, 3.67 copies/μL for PPV, 3.07 copies/μL for PCV3 and 1.87 × 10² copies/μL for the three mixed plasmids, respectively. In this research, 81 clinical samples from pig farms in nine different regions of Guangdong Province were used to evaluate this new method. The detection rate of the multiplex real-time PCR assay was higher than that of the conventional PCR assay.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This multiplex real-time PCR assay could be used as a diagnostic tool that is rapid, sensitive and reliable for the detection of co-infection of PRV, PPV and PCV3 as well as for molecular epidemiological surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11705656/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142944295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey of parasitic fauna data from wild animals through coproparasitological diagnosis in Southern Brazil.","authors":"Julia Somavilla Lignon, Diego Moscarelli Pinto, Tamires Silva Dos Santos, Giulia Ribeiro Meireles, Camila Gonçalves da Silveira, Bianca Conrad Bohm, Felipe Geraldo Pappen, Silvia Gonzalez Monteiro, Mauro Pereira Soares, Raqueli Teresinha França, Fábio Raphael Pascoti Bruhn","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04457-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-024-04457-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The proximity between people and their domestic animals with wild animal populations can result in the spread of diseases with a significant impact on public health. Infection by parasites in wildlife is considered an important bioindicator of the current state of ecosystems, and studying the epidemiology of these infections is essential for a better understanding of natural foci. However, research on parasites in southern Brazil, especially in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), is considered incipient. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to identify the parasitic fauna of wild animals in the southern region of RS through fecal parasitological diagnosis. We processed 82 fecal samples from wild animals - including birds, mammals, and reptiles - from cities within the microregion of Pelotas, using the Zinc Sulfate Centrifugal Flotation, Spontaneous Sedimentation and Oocyst Sporulation techniques.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 69.5% of the samples (93.1% of mammals, 47% of birds and 50% of reptiles), we found helminth eggs and/or protozoan cysts/oocysts, with strongylid-type eggs being the most frequent parasites (44.11%). Additionally, 64.9% of the positive samples were parasitized by at least one morphogroup with zoonotic agents (Taeniidae, Capillaria, Strongyloides, Spirometra, Lagochilascaris, Sarcocystis, Trichuris, Giardia, Ancilostomid, Physaloptera, Toxocara, Fasciola). We also recorded the first finding of Monocystis spp. in a Southern tamandua (Tamandua tetradactyla).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Thus, it was observed that the majority of the animals were parasitized and, consequently, susceptible to a wide range of pathogens of medical and veterinary interest, highlighting the importance of these hosts in the spread of parasites, especially those with zoonotic potential. However, the ecology of transmission and the role of these hosts in the life cycles of parasites should be further explored in other studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11705719/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142944352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of essential oil and probiotics supplementation on growth performance, serum biomarkers, antioxidants status, bioenergetics and histomorphometry of intestine of Nile tilapia fingerlings challenged with Aeromonas veronii.","authors":"Walaa S Raslan, Ahmed Shehab, Aya F Matter, Hadeer A Youssuf, Omar Ahmed Farid, Ahmed Sabek, Yasmeen Magdy, Amgad Kadah","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04433-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-024-04433-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Probiotics and essential oils feed supplements are widely used in the aquaculture sector. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with probiotics, essential oils and their combination on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, antioxidant capacity, resistance against Aeromonas veronii, and intestinal histomorphology of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). A total of 360 O. niloticus fingerlings were randomly assigned to four groups (3 replicates/ group; each replicate contains 30 fish) based on the different dietary treatments. The first group was fed a basal control diet (G1), the second group was fed a basal diet supplemented with 0.015% probiotic (Klu-zetar^®) (G2), the third group was fed a basal diet with 0.015% essential oil (ACTIVO^®) (G3), and the fourth group was fed a basal diet mixed with 0.015% Klu-zetar^® and 0.015% ACTIVO^®, (G4) for 6 weeks. At the end of the trial fish were intraperitoneally injected with pathogenic bacteria Aeromonas veronii and the fish mortality rate was recorded for 7 days post infection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed that using probiotics and or essential oils in Nile tilapia diets improved growth performance, reduced oxidative stress, enhanced immunity, maintained intestinal integrity, and enhanced resistance to pathogenic infection (P ≤ 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It is concluded that the use of probiotics and/ or essential oils enhance the overall outcomes of Nile tilapia, so it is highly recommended to be used in aquaculture management.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11706111/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142944308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of a method for estimating pulmonary dead space in ventilated beagles to correct exhaled propofol concentration in mixed air.","authors":"Xiaoxiao Li, Pan Chang, Xing Liu, Zhongjun Zhao, Yixiang Duan, Wensheng Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04458-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-024-04458-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mixed exhaled air has been widely used to determine exhaled propofol concentrations with online analyzers, but changes in dead space proportions may lead to inaccurate assessments of critical drug concentration data. This study proposes a method to correct propofol concentration in mixed air by estimating pulmonary dead space through reconstructing volumetric capnography (Vcap) from time-CO₂ and time-volume curves, validated with vacuum ultraviolet time-of-flight mass spectrometry (VUV-TOF MS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Existing monitoring parameters, including time-volume and time-CO₂ curves, were used to determine Vcap. The ratio of physiological dead space to tidal volume (V_D/V_T) was calculated using Bohr's formula. Additionally, an animal experiment on beagles was conducted with continuous propofol administration until a pseudo-steady state in exhaled propofol concentration was achieved. The propofol concentration in mixed air (CONC_mix), and in alveolar air combined with N₂ (CONC_AN) were measured using VUV-TOF MS to calculate V_D/V_T. The agreements between V_D/V_T values from the two methods, along with the predicted CONC_AN values based on Vcap and the actual measured CONC_AN values were evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Pearson correlation analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After 30 min of continuous propofol administration, a stable respiratory cycle was selected for analysis in each beagle. The calculated V_D/V_T-Bohr values were 0.535 for beagle A, 0.544 for beagle B, and 0.552 for beagle C. Additionally, based on CONC_mix and CONC_AN, the calculated V_D/V_{T-VUV-TOF MS} values were 0.494, 0.504, and 0.513, respectively. Strong agreement between the two methods was demonstrated by an ICC of 0.994 (P = 0.003) and Pearson's r of 0.995 (P = 0.045). Additionally, the predicted CONC_AN values from mixed exhaled air (5.11 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) for beagle A, 5.93 ppbv for beagle B, and 2.56 ppbv for beagle C) showed strong agreement with the actual CONC_AN values, with an ICC of 0.996 (P = 0.002) and Pearson's r of 0.994 (P = 0.046).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The physiological dead space to tidal volume ratio from mixed air in beagles can be accurately measured using the existing time-volume and time-CO₂ curves from the anesthesia machine, enabling corrections of exhaled propofol concentrations in mixed air samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11706130/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142944355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-time PCR detection of Coxiella burnetii in dairy products in Kwara State, Nigeria: a public health concern.","authors":"Nusirat Elelu, Nwachukwu Raymond Chinedu, Balkees A Yakub-Obalowu, Ismail A Odetokun, Ahmad I Al-Mustapha","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04449-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-024-04449-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Coxiella burnetii is the etiological agent of Q fever in humans, a zoonosis of increasingly important public health concern. The disease results in significant economic losses to livestock farmers and its presence in ready-to-eat dairy products poses a public health threat to consumers.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to detect Coxiella burnetii in dairy products in Kwara State, Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was performed to estimate the apparent and true prevalence of C. burnetii in dairy cattle in selected local government areas (LGAs) of Kwara State, Nigeria. A total of 51 traditional Fulani transhumance farms were sampled across three regions: 27 farms in Ifelodun LGA, 9 in Ilorin East LGA, and 15 in Moro LGA. Four pooled milk samples were collected aseptically from lactating cows on each farm, totaling 204 milk samples. We screened the pathogen using real-time PCR that targeted the IS1111 element in the 51 pooled raw milk samples from selected farms and 18 cheese samples from rural markets within the study area.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall apparent prevalence of C. burnetii in milk and cheese was 18.8%. Both dairy products showed similar prevalence with a relatively higher positivity rate in cheese (22.2%, n = 4/18) than in raw milk samples (17.6%, n = 9/51). There were significant differences in the burden of C. burnetii in milk between the three LGAs with higher prevalence in Moro LGA (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The presence of C. burnetii in dairy products poses a direct risk of milk-borne zoonotic disease transmission to humans. Public education for the stakeholders in the dairy value chain should be intensified and the public should desist from consumption of unpasteurized milk. More molecular studies are needed to further study and characterize the C. burnetii genotypes in Nigeria.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11706007/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142944345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathogenicity of tick-derived lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in BALB/c mice.","authors":"Ziyan Liu, Xiaojie Liang, Liang Li, Ning Liu, Zedong Wang, Feng Wei","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04451-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-024-04451-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is a zoonotic pathogen primarily transmitted by rodents. Recently, LCMV has been detected in ticks from northeastern China; however, the pathogenicity of this virus in murine models remains to be elucidated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Here, we examined the tick-derived LCMV strain JX14 by inoculating BALB/c mice with 3.5 × 10⁵ pfu of virus. The mice infected with LCMV displayed clinical manifestations including unkempt fur, anorexia, depression, and oliguria, which subsequently resolved by 10 days post infection (dpi) leading to survival of the infection. During the early phase of infection, low viral titers were detected in throat and anal swabs. The excreted virions demonstrated proliferation in Vero cells and were capable of inducing infection in mock-infected mice. Viral RNA was detected in the blood and organs, with detectable levels persisting for up to six months specifically in the heart. A total of 16 amino acid substitutions were identified in the L, Z, and GPC proteins between the original JX14 strain and the strain obtained after six months of infection in BALB/c mice. Pathological lesions were identified in most organs within 5 dpi except for the kidneys and testicles. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) level was significantly elevated during the early stage of infection and returned to baseline levels within 10 days.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study furnishes significant insights into the pathogenic traits of the tick-derived LCMV strain JX14, thereby potentially providing a valuable in vivo research model for examining the immunological responses elicited by chronic viral infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11702202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142944313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of dietary supplementation of Lawsonia inermis and Acacia nilotica extract on growth performance, intestinal histopathology, and antioxidant status of broiler chickens challenged with coccidiosis.","authors":"Fares A Eldeeb, Enas A Noseer, Shimaa Abdelazeem, Esraa Ali, Asmaa W Basher, M A A Abdalla, Hytham H Ibrahim","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04409-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-024-04409-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Avian coccidiosis is one of the many disorders that seriously harm birds' digestive systems. Nowadays the light is shed on using Phytochemical/herbal medicines as alternative natural anti-coccidial chemical-free standards. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the impact of lawsonia inermis powder (LIP), and Acacia nilotica aqueous extract (ANAE), on growth performance, serum biochemical, antioxidant status, cytokine biomarkers, total oocyst count and intestinal histopathology of broiler chickens challenged with coccidiosis. Two hundred and forty-one-day-old Ross chicks were randomly distributed into 8 groups, four were challenged with coccidia, while the other four were unchallenged. Each group consisted of 3 replicates of 10 chicks each. The birds were challenged with Eimeria species orally on day 14 of age. Group 1B was unchallenged, and Group 2 A was challenged with coccidiosis and both were fed the basic diet without additives. Groups 3 A, 4 A, and 5 A were challenged and fed on the basic diet supplemented with LIP (40 g/kg of diet), ANAE (5 g/kg of diet), and LIP + ANAE combination, respectively. Groups 3B, 4B, and 5B were unchallenged and fed on the basic diet supplemented with LIP (40 g/kg of diet) and ANAE (5 g/kg of diet) and LIP + ANAE combination, respectively. The best results of growth performance parameters were recorded in G5B, and G5A followed by the group fed on ANAE and then the group fed on LIP compared with the control. All challenged broilers had higher aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), urea, creatinine, glucose, MDA, IL-4 &TNF-α levels compared to all unchallenged broilers. Challenged broilers had lower serum cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, globulin, SOD, GPX & IL-10 levels compared to non-challenged broilers. Histopathological examination of the small intestine and cecum of challenged treated groups with LIP + ANAE showed good mucosal integrity, few leukocytes infiltration, and low total oocyst count in broilers manure, followed by ANAE then LIP groups. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of lawsonia inermis powder and Acacia nilotica aqueous extract either alone or in combination had positive effects on broiler performance, blood metabolites, antioxidant status, cellular response, and intestinal morphology during the exposure to Eimeria spp. as a potential natural anti-coccidial.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11702094/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142944298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of glomerular filtration rate estimation through plasma clearance of iohexol in seagulls (Larus michahellis).","authors":"Matilde Vernaccini, Micaela Sgorbini, Lucia De Marchi, Maria Irene Pacini, Renato Ceccherelli, Leonardo Gaci Scaletti, Francesca Bonelli, Valentina Meucci","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04454-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-024-04454-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Current endogenous indicators utilised in avian medicine are not sensitive enough to detect renal disease in its early stages. Alternative markers ought to be examined as a result. The aim is to investigate the accuracy of limited-sampling models for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in adult seagulls using plasma clearance of iohexol (IOX).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We compared the GFR estimated from the plasma concentration of IOX at 3 sampling times, known as limited sampling models, with that estimated from the plasma concentration of IOX at 6 sampling times (reference model). The reference model's mean ± SD for GFR was 6.88 ± 2.46 mL/min/kg and did not considerably differ from the GFR predicted by the limited-sampling models. Model 4, in which GFR was estimated using plasma IOX concentrations at 5, 15, and 90 min after IOX administration, had the smallest GFR bias compared to the reference model.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings revealed that IOX plasma clearance was a reliable, accurate, and clinically applicable approach to calculating seagull GFR. This strategy might help with the validation and subsequent development of clinical renal biomarkers.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11702071/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142944301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}