BMC Veterinary Research最新文献

{"title":"Use of plasma chromogranin a epitopes vasostatin and catestatin as biomarkers for catecholamine-producing tumours in dogs.","authors":"Josefine Prabert, Jeanette Hanson, Kumiko Ishigaki, Kazushi Asano, Katja Höglund, Mats Stridsberg, Odd Viking Höglund","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05996-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-026-05996-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Differentiation of catecholamine-producing tumours from other adrenal tumours remains difficult. Chromogranin A (CgA) is a marker for catecholamine secretion in the body. An assay for quantification of the CgA epitopes vasostatin and catestatin has been validated for use in dogs but not yet evaluated in dogs with catecholamine-producing tumours. The aims were to evaluate the assays foranalysis of plasma concentrations of the CgA epitopes vasostatin and catestatin in dogs with adrenal tumours and to compare concentrations between catecholamine-producing tumours and adrenocortical tumours in dogs that were subjected to adrenalectomy. Twelve dogs with histopathologically confirmed catecholamine-secreting tumours (eleven pheochromocytomas (PCCs), one extra-adrenal sympathetic paraganglioma (PGL)) and twelve with adrenocortical tumours were included in the study. Plasma concentrations of the CgA epitopes vasostatin and catestatin were determined byradioimmunoassay (RIA), before adrenalectomy in 23 out of 24 dogs and after adrenalectomy in six of the dogs with catecholamine-secreting tumours (five PCC, one PGL). Tumour diagnosis was made by histopathology in all cases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, median plasma concentration of the CgA epitopevasostatin in dogs with catecholamine-secreting tumours was 0.82 nmol/L (interquartile range (IQR) 0.52 to 1.60 nmol/L), which was significantly higher(Wilcoxon rank sum exact test, P= 0.0374) than the vasostatin concentration in adrenocortical tumours (median 0.50; IQR 0.34 to 0.59 nmol/L). A subsetof dogs (5/12) with catecholamine-secreting tumours had elevated plasma vasostatin concentrations preoperatively. After successful surgery, thepreoperatively elevated plasma vasostatin concentrations decreased numerically, however without reaching statistical significance. Catestatin concentrationdid not differ between tumour types.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Elevated plasma concentration of the CgA epitope vasostatin showed potential as a biomarker for asubset of catecholamine-secreting tumours.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149223211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of replacing alfalfa hay with Atriplex nummularia on the growth performance, digestibility, and energy usage of six-month old camel calves.","authors":"Ahmed R Askar, Ahmed A Aman, Gamal A Baraghit, Osama Raef, Elham M Ghoneim, Faysal Fayed, Eman Saddick, Samir S Abou El Ezz, Usama A Nayel, Hashem H Abd El Rahman, Sobhy Sallam, Mohsen M Shoukry, Hamedi M Kandil, Alaa E Rabee","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05943-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05943-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The use of halophytes as fodder, such as Atriplex, is an appropriate strategy for sustainable agriculture and a promising way to fill the gap in the camel feeding in arid and semi-arid areas. This experiment investigated the effects of feeding Atriplex nummularia instead of alfalfa hay on the growth performance, digestibility, and energy utilization in growing camel calves.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighteen six-month-old male camel calves were employed and divided into three groups (n = 6). Animals received a concentrate feed mixture at 0.9% dry matter (DM) of their live body weight (BW) with different roughage sources at 1.1% DM of their BW. The roughages fed consisted of: alfalfa hay alone (T1), a 50:50 mixture of alfalfa hay and Atriplex (T2), or Atriplex alone (T3). During the growing study, animals were weighed once a week, and the proper concentrates and roughages were computed and applied immediately. At the end of the experiment, the digestibility trial, energy measurements, and rumen and blood metabolite analyses were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Replacing alfalfa hay with Atriplex significantly reduced total organic matter intake and digestibility (P < 0.01), resulting in lower BW changes and average daily gain with a poorer feed conversion ratio. Energy expenditure significantly differed among feeding regimens, with a greater energy balance for those fed alfalfa hay vs. Atriplex. A greater concentration of total protein, globulin, and urea was obtained in camels fed Atriplex (P < 0.05). The inclusion of the Atriplex in the diet decreased serum creatinine, cholesterol, and aspartate aminotransferase (P < 0.05). Replacing alfalfa hay with Atriplex resulted in lower rumen pH (P < 0.01) and higher total volatile fatty acids and ammonia levels (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In arid environments, Atriplex nummularia can partially or entirely replace alfalfa hay for growing camel calves; however, complete substitution resulted in significant reductions in average daily growth, nutrient digestibility, and feed efficiency. It proposed that Atriplex could be an effective camel fodder for enhancing drought resilience in desert environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13670447/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149191027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative anthelmintic activity of artemisinin, dihydroartemisinin, and artesunate against sheep gastrointestinal nematodes: in vitro evaluation and exploratory β-tubulin molecular modeling.","authors":"Suheda Rumeysa Osmanlioglu Dag, Mehmet Abdullah Alagoz, Mahmut Sinan Erez, Esma Kozan, Shoaib Ashraf, Iffet Irem Tatli Cankaya","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05994-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05994-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gastrointestinal nematode infections are an important constraint on small-ruminant production, and increasing anthelmintic resistance has intensified the search for alternative therapeutic compounds. Artemisinin and its derivatives have demonstrated activity against several helminth species, although comparative information regarding their effects on gastrointestinal nematodes remains limited. This study compared the in vitro anthelmintic activity of artemisinin (ART), dihydroartemisinin (DHA), and artesunate (ARTE) and explored β-tubulin as a candidate molecular target using complementary computational analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All three compounds showed concentration-dependent activity against gastrointestinal nematode eggs and third-stage larvae. In the egg hatch assay, ARTE showed the lowest EC₅₀ value (63.45 µg/mL), followed by ART (82.02 µg/mL) and DHA (99.06 µg/mL). A similar activity pattern was observed for the predefined 24-h larval non-viability endpoint, with operational LC₅₀ values of 66.08 µg/mL for ARTE, 102.82 µg/mL for ART, and 185.41 µg/mL for DHA. Exploratory molecular docking against β-tubulin showed broadly comparable predicted binding at the colchicine-binding pocket, whereas ARTE exhibited the most favorable predicted interaction at the GTP-associated region. Molecular dynamics simulation supported the conformational stability of the predicted ARTE-β-tubulin complex over 150 ns, including persistent residue contacts and Mg²⁺ coordination. In silico ADMET profiling indicated distinct permeability and distribution characteristics among the three compounds without major structural toxicity alerts in the applied prediction tools.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ARTE showed the highest in vitro anthelmintic activity among the three evaluated artemisinin derivatives, with a consistent activity ranking of ARTE > ART > DHA in both experimental assays. The computational findings provide hypothesis-generating support for a potential interaction of ARTE with the GTP-associated region of β-tubulin but do not establish β-tubulin as its molecular target. Further parasite-specific target studies, in vivo efficacy experiments, pharmacokinetic evaluation, and direct target-engagement studies are required to clarify the biological mechanism and veterinary relevance of these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13670647/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149191016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morpho-molecular assessment of nanomaterials in teleost fish wound healing: a systematic review.","authors":"Abdelaziz Rabea, Iman Ibrahim, Hebatallah Mahgoub, Ahmed El-Shaieb","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05934-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-026-05934-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Teleost fish skin is a vital barrier for regulating osmoregulation, immune defense, and respiration. Cutaneous wounds in farmed fish cause significant economic loss and welfare concerns, as standard treatments, like antibiotics and chemical baths, are often ineffective, toxic, and fail to adhere to mucus-covered surfaces. While nanomaterials show great promise for wound healing, current data on how they work in fish remain incomplete. This systematic review evaluates the performance of these nanomaterials, explains their healing mechanisms, and highlights the key research gaps to guide future aquaculture treatments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we included twelve in vivo studies (2017-2026). A clear shift was observed over time: research before 2020 focused only on metallic nanoparticles (silver and zinc oxide), whereas recent studies have mostly used biopolymeric nano-delivery systems. Nanoparticle treatments consistently led to faster wound closure, with several formulas healing over 90% of the wound within two weeks; however, these quantitative outcomes are strictly descriptive due to high methodological heterogeneity across studies. Under the microscope, nanomaterials accelerated re-epithelialization, improved collagen organization, and reduced inflammation. At the molecular level, they decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL1β, TNFα) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPS), while increasing anti-inflammatory markers (IL10, TGF-β) and antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT). Transcriptomics data also showed the activation of fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7) and the Jak-STAT pathways. Finally, zebrafish (Danio rerio) constituted 75% of the study models, showing a major gap in research on farmed fish like Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This systematic review shows that nanomaterials significantly accelerate teleost wound healing by promoting tissue regeneration and regulating the immune response. The shift toward biopolymeric systems, especially chitosan, indicates a clear trend toward safe and sustainable aquaculture medicine. Notably, testing hybrid nano-hyaluronic acid and nano-chitosan systems remains completely unexplored in farmed fish. This gap is important due to the complementary biological properties of these materials and the high global value of Nile tilapia. Testing this hybrid biomaterial under real farming conditions will help improve skin healing, support the immune system, and provide a safe wound treatment for global aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13654228/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149165192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the cryo-resistance of Egyptian buffalo semen via chlorogenic acid and rutin supplementation: molecular docking, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic pathways.","authors":"Wael A Khalil, Aya A Ismail, Mohamed M Hegazy, Mostafa A El-Harairy, Amany Assem Elkashef, Mahmoud Moussa, Sameh A Abdelnour","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05896-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05896-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study compared the antioxidant effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) and rutin (RU) supplementation in freezing extenders on the cryo-resistance of buffalo spermatozoa. Over eight weeks, 56 ejaculates were collected from seven fertile buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) bulls. To eliminate individual animal variability, high-quality ejaculates were pooled and extended in a Tris-egg yolk medium. The pooled semen was divided into three treatment groups: control (no additive), 0.6 mM RU, and 150 µM CGA. All groups were cryopreserved using a standard protocol and stored in liquid nitrogen for one month prior to post-thaw analysis. The findings revealed that the addition of either RU or CGA substantially enhanced post-thaw sperm viability, progressive motility, plasma membrane integrity, and acrosomal integrity compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, both treatments improved sperm kinematics and antioxidant profiles by significantly increasing total antioxidant capacity and catalase levels (P < 0.05). This was accompanied by a significant decline in oxidative markers (MDA, ROS, and H₂O₂) (P < 0.05), indicating robust antioxidant activity. Supplementation with RU or CGA significantly increased sperm viability and notably reduced apoptotic percentages (P < 0.05). Furthermore, CGA treatment resulted in the lowest total bacterial and coliform counts among all experimental groups (P < 0.05). Molecular docking predictions suggest a potential interaction between CGA and RU against target proteins antioxidant status (HSP70) and mitochondrial function (mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 and mitochondrial cytochrome c) in sperm. Overall, supplementing with rutin and chlorogenic acid offers robust protection against cryodamage. By mitigating oxidative stress and preserving membrane stability, these antioxidants substantially enhance post-thawed quality, and physiological function of buffalo spermatozoa.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13595626/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149023825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of urinary biomarkers for detection of renal tubular injury in Vipera berus-envenomated and critically ill dogs with and without clinically apparent acute kidney injury.","authors":"Anna K Selin, Inger Lilliehöök, Emma M Strage, Anders Larsson, Lena Pelander","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05939-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05939-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute kidney injury (AKI) in dogs has high mortality and early diagnosis is essential, but traditional markers are not sensitive enough to detect renal injury in the absence of decreased glomerular filtration rate. The objective of this study was to compare urinary cystatin C (uCysC), N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (uNAG), and glucose (uGlu) among dogs hospitalised because of envenomation by Vipera berus (EVB) or admitted for intensive care without (IC) or with (AKI_APP) clinically apparent AKI, and 30 healthy dogs. Urine and serum samples were collected on days 1 and 2, and urine samples on days 7 and 14. Urinary CysC, NAG, and glucose concentrations were measured with an automated chemistry analyser, normalised to urinary creatinine concentration (uCr) and compared among groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ninety-seven dogs were included (30 HC, 28 EVB, 14 AKI_APP and 25 IC dogs). Age, bodyweight, and sex did not differ among groups. On day 1, median [IQR] uCysC/uCr (10^-3) and uGlu/uCr were higher (p < 0.008) in EVB (0.05 [0.03-0.11], 0.04 [0.03-0.06)]), IC (0.06 [0.03-0.4], 0.05 [0.03-0.09]), and AKI_APP (4.4 [0.13-30.0], 0.12 [0.05-0.45]) groups, compared to healthy dogs (0.02 [0.01-0.03], 0.03 [0.02-0.04]). Urinary markers decreased over two weeks post hospitalisation in all groups except AKI_APP. Initial levels of uCysC/uCr were higher (p < 0.002) and remained elevated in non-survivors compared to survivors of AKI_APP, suggesting potential prognostic value.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Urinary CysC/uCr and Glu/uCr are potential markers of tubular injury in early stages of AKI in dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13595791/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149023832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Part I of \"Navigating the transition\": early-career working conditions, psychosocial demands, and job satisfaction among German, Austrian, and Swiss veterinarians - a first-year survey.","authors":"Amelie Wetter, Timo Lorenz, Marcus G Doherr, Katharina Charlotte Jensen","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05923-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05923-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Starting a career in veterinary medicine represents a major life transition, accompanied by substantial professional and personal challenges. The study aimed to assess job satisfaction, psychosocial demands, and working conditions of veterinarians during their first year in their profession, and to identify the factors associated with commitment and job satisfaction. Early-career veterinarians in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland were surveyed using an online questionnaire that included the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire III. Multifactorial regression models were calculated to reveal the associations of (a) demographics and working conditions and (b) psychosocial demands with commitment and job satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Responses from 196 participants were included in the analysis. The majority of participants (n=118; 76%) were engaged in clinical practice, predominantly in the small animal sector. Half of the respondents already participated in emergency services, and another 17% planned to do so in the near future. Most respondents reported overtime work. Compared with the German COPSOQ standard sample, early-career veterinarians reported lower levels of role conflicts and higher levels of job satisfaction, commitment to the workplace, and sense of community at work. At the same time, dissolution (work-life boundary blurring) was higher than in the German standard sample. Job satisfaction and commitment were primarily associated with the availability of a supervising veterinarian, perceived quality of leadership, support at work, and feedback. Interestingly, neither quantitative demands (amount of work related to time) nor emotional demands (emotionally distressing work situations) were significantly associated with commitment to the workplace or job satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results indicate that early-career veterinarians are highly motivated and satisfied with their work but strongly benefit from adequate supervision, feedback, and organizational support.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13599086/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149029680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Clinico-pathological and renal morphological findings in dogs naturally infected with Dirofilaria repens.","authors":"Korinna É Szabó, Luca Aresu, Linda Müller, Eszter Szilágyi, Fruzsina A Falus, Nándor Balogh, Márton Boros, Tibor Papp, Ferenc Manczur","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05836-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05836-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13560398/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148928929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baicalin alleviates Trueperella pyogenes-induced endometritis with associated changes in gut microbiota composition.","authors":"Ziqi Peng, Chunyang Gou, Yisong Guan, Yueting Wang, Yanan Liu, Fucheng Wang, Ruibin Wang, Maozhen Qi","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05715-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05715-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Endometritis is a prevalent reproductive disorder in livestock characterized by inflammation, oxidative stress, and microbial imbalance; however, the mechanistic links among these processes remain incompletely understood. This study investigated the protective effects of baicalin in a Trueperella pyogenes (T. pyogenes)-induced mouse model of endometritis by integrating network pharmacology, in vivo validation, and gut microbiota profiling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Network pharmacology analysis identified prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2, also known as cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as key targets of baicalin, with enrichment in arachidonic acid metabolism pathways. Baicalin treatment alleviated uterine pathology and suppressed inflammatory responses, as indicated by reduced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Baicalin also restored redox homeostasis by activating the Nrf2/Keap1/HO-1 pathway, increasing catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities while decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and concurrently reduced apoptosis, as evidenced by a lower ratio of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) to B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) (the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio). Concurrently, 16 S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that baicalin treatment was associated with alterations in gut microbiota composition, including changes in the relative abundance of several bacterial taxa linked to inflammation and metabolic functions. However, whether these microbial changes play a causal role in the observed protection remains to be determined.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings indicate that baicalin protects against endometritis through coordinated regulation of inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, and this protection was associated with shifts in gut microbiota composition. The results provide insight into the host-microbiota interactions accompanying endometritis and support baicalin as a potential therapeutic candidate, while highlighting the need for further causal investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13560382/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148928904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated endocrine-oxidative-metabolic and trace element responses to heat and cold stress in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius).","authors":"Mariam Gamal Zaki, Eman Shawky Ramadan, Mohamed Ibrahim Oraby, Noha Mahmoud Ryad","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05866-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05866-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) possesses remarkable physiological adaptations to withstand harsh desert conditions, including heat stress and drought. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of heat and cold stress on oxidative stress biomarkers, hormones, lipid, and mineral concentrations in dromedary camels. A total of 45 apparently healthy adult male dromedary camels were included in the study. Blood samples were collected, plasma and serum were separated for the determination of oxidative stress biomarkers, hormones, metabolic, and trace mineral parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During heat stress, cortisol, zinc, and copper concentrations increased significantly (p < 0.05), whereas total antioxidant capacity (TAC), triiodothyronine (T3), glucose, and triglyceride concentrations decreased significantly (p < 0.05). In contrast, cold stress was associated with significant (p < 0.05) increases in catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), T3, glucose, and cortisol concentrations, while TAC, triglycerides, and copper concentrations decreased significantly (p < 0.05). Strong positive (p < 0.01) correlation between T3 and thyroxine (T4), whereas a strong negative (p < 0.01) correlation was observed between zinc and cholesterol. Positive (p < 0.05) correlations were also detected between glucose and MDA, cortisol and CAT, and copper and TAC. Conversely, negative (p < 0.05) correlations were found between triglycerides and CAT, triglycerides and T4, triglycerides and cortisol, zinc and triglycerides, cholesterol and glucose, and copper and MDA. During summer, positive correlations were observed between glucose and MDA, T3 and T4, as well as between cholesterol and both T3 and T4. In contrast, glucose showed negative correlations with both T3 and T4, while zinc was negatively correlated with copper. During autumn, positive correlations were detected between CAT and TAC, T3 and T4, and glucose and zinc. Conversely, negative correlations were observed between triglycerides and TAC, cortisol and T4, glucose and cholesterol, and zinc and cholesterol. During winter, T3 was positively correlated with zinc but negatively correlated with TAC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cold stress exerted a more pronounced effect on oxidative balance and metabolic activity in dromedary camels than heat stress. Regular monitoring of these parameters is recommended for the early detection of physiological disturbances during the cold season.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13560238/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148928914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}