Farough Moradzadeh, Ebrahim Rahimi, Amir Shakerian
{"title":"Antimicrobial resistance and characterization of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli from poultry and cattle in Isfahan, Iran.","authors":"Farough Moradzadeh, Ebrahim Rahimi, Amir Shakerian","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04996-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04996-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"549"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shaoting Weng, Mingliang Zhang, Yilin Zhu, Qiaoying Song, Yifan Zhang, Sumei Zhang, Kunpeng Zhang, Sen Lin, Xinying Ji, Yao Wang
{"title":"Establishment and application of a visual nucleic acid detection method for parvovirus.","authors":"Shaoting Weng, Mingliang Zhang, Yilin Zhu, Qiaoying Song, Yifan Zhang, Sumei Zhang, Kunpeng Zhang, Sen Lin, Xinying Ji, Yao Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04993-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04993-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"563"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Janine Hertaeg, Ulisse Salazar, Johannes Vom Berg, Salomé LeibundGut-Landmann, Andreas W Oehm, Manuela Schnyder
{"title":"In vitro cytokine response of circulating mononuclear cells from healthy dogs to stage-specific antigens of Angiostrongylus vasorum.","authors":"Janine Hertaeg, Ulisse Salazar, Johannes Vom Berg, Salomé LeibundGut-Landmann, Andreas W Oehm, Manuela Schnyder","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04977-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04977-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Circulating lymphocytes are essential for the immune response to helminth infections, as they secrete cytokines and thus coordinate subsequent immunological processes. In canine angiostrongylosis, a potentially fatal disease caused by the metastrongylid nematode Angiostrongylus vasorum, the underlying immune mechanisms driving disease progression remain poorly understood despite the severe clinical consequences. Canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from healthy dogs and stimulated with three different antigens of A vasorum, including adult excretory-secretory products (ESP), adult full-worm somatic antigen, and first-stage larval (L1) somatic antigen. Temporal dynamics and magnitude of relative cytokine expression (IFNγ, TNF, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13) was evaluated after 4 h, 24 h, and 5 days of antigen exposure via quantitative reverse transcription PCR. To determine whether the cytokine expression changes translated into shifts in circulating mononuclear cell subsets or proliferative activity, phenotypic characterisation by flow cytometry was conducted after a 72 h stimulation with L1 antigen or ESP, and compared to unstimulated controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Early responses varied across antigen types, with ESP promoting a regulatory cytokine profile with modest upregulation of IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10, and downregulation of IFNγ, TNF, and IL-13. Adult antigen induced increased expression of all examined cytokines, while L1 antigen triggered the strongest inflammatory response compared to the other antigens. At 24 h, all responses were amplified, particularly those to L1 and adult antigen, and showed a shift towards a Th2 cytokine profile with increased IL-4 and IL-13 expression. By five days, IL-4 and IL-13 remained predominant. No change in the relative abundance of major immune cell populations (CD4⁺ T cells, CD8⁺ T cells, B cells, neutrophils, monocytes, and CD14⁻ CD22⁻ antigen-presenting cells) was observed in flow cytometry following stimulation. However, a notable increase in Ki67 expression, a marker of cell proliferation, was detected in CD8⁺ T cells after L1 antigen stimulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Distinct cytokine profiles elicited by different A. vasorum antigens suggest that the parasite's modulation of host immunity and induction of stage-specific responses are key to persistence and clinical presentation of canine angiostrongylosis. Further investigation into the antigenic components and immune pathways may lead to tailored therapies, improved clinical management, and to a deeper understanding of stage-specific aspects of helminth infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"548"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rachele Vada, Stefania Zanet, Anna Trisciuoglio, Amir Reza Varzandi, Andrea Calcagno, Ezio Ferroglio
{"title":"A one-health approach to surveillance of tick-borne pathogens across different host groups.","authors":"Rachele Vada, Stefania Zanet, Anna Trisciuoglio, Amir Reza Varzandi, Andrea Calcagno, Ezio Ferroglio","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04983-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04983-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tick-borne pathogens are increasingly impacting wildlife and human populations' health due to expanded vector ranges and the growing popularity of outdoor activities. This study aimed to survey the prevalence of tick-borne zoonotic (TBZ) microorganisms in a rural area, targeting different host groups involved in their circulation, namely wildlife, domestic animals, humans and questing ticks, addressing the risk associated to hunting and outdoor leisure activities in an alpine environment. The study was performed in an alpine district in Northwestern Italy. We collected 124 pools of questing ticks using dragging transects across 38 locations distributed in the district. In addition, we obtained 133 spleen samples from game ungulate species (wild boar, red deer, and chamois), 67 blood samples from volunteer rural inhabitants, and samples from 38 privately-owned hunting dogs. All samples were tested by PCR for Babesia divergens/B. capreoli, B. microti-like, B. venatorum, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu latu, Rickettsiae Spotted Fever Group (SFG) and Anaplasma phagocytophilum. All investigated pathogens, except B. burgdorferi s.l. (found only in questing ticks), were detected in rural inhabitants. Babesia divergens/B. capreoli and B. venatorum were highly prevalent in wild ruminants, while B. microti-like organisms appeared sporadically in wild boar and dogs. SFG Rickettsiae were most common in dogs, with occasional cases in wild boar. Anaplasma phagocytophilum showed low prevalence in ticks and wildlife, but higher detection rates in humans and dogs. Our results underscore the interconnected nature of tick-host dynamics in the spread of TBZ and highlight the need for an expanded surveillance approach, potentially including other significant reservoirs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"553"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dennis Getange, Samson Mukaratirwa, Joel L Bargul, Rua Khogali, John Ng'iela, James Kabii, Daniel K Masiga, Jandouwe Villinger
{"title":"Molecular characterisation of tick-borne pathogens in cattle in kenya: insights from blood, ticks, and skin swab analyses.","authors":"Dennis Getange, Samson Mukaratirwa, Joel L Bargul, Rua Khogali, John Ng'iela, James Kabii, Daniel K Masiga, Jandouwe Villinger","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-05014-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-05014-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ticks pose a major threat to livestock and human health in sub-Saharan Africa, with climate change and pastoral movements fueling their spread. Few studies have integrated multiple sample types to characterize tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) in cattle in Kenya. This knowledge gap hinders the development of effective surveillance and control strategies, leaving vulnerable populations and their livestock susceptible to these persistent threats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We screened 280 bovine blood samples, 589 tick pools, and 284 non-invasive skin swabs from cattle in northern (Marsabit) and southern (Kajiado) Kenya by high-resolution melting analysis and Sanger sequencing of PCR products.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Rhipicephalus spp. (47.1%), Hyalomma spp. (30.8%), and Amblyomma spp. (22.1%) were prevalent, with Rhipicephalus evertsi only found in Kajiado and Rhipicephalus camicasi in Marsabit. In blood, Anaplasma spp. (62.9%; A. marginale, A. platys, A. ovis) and Theileria spp. (34.6%; T. velifera, T. mutans) were dominant. Tick pools harbored Coxiella burnetii, Rickettsia africae, Rickettsia aeschlimannii, Anaplasma marginale, Theileria velifera, T. ovis, and Babesia occultans, and for the first time two co-circulating Ehrlichia ruminantium strains (Welgevonden and Kumm2). Notably, C. burnetii and T. ovis were detected only in Marsabit, and T. mutans only in Kajiado. Skin swabs from tick predilection sites (ears, anal region) yielded R. africae, R. aeschlimannii, and T. velifera at low positivity, while nose swabs were negative.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Detection of zoonotic pathogens such as C. burnetii and R. africae underscores critical public health risks, and co-infections in cattle reinforce the need for robust, integrated surveillance. Although skin swabs demonstrated limited diagnostic yield, they remain a promising non-invasive sampling approach. These findings highlight the value of targeted acarological research and coordinated control programs under a One Health framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"552"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Progress and challenges in pet management in disasters: recommended strategies for developing countries - a scoping review.","authors":"Shandiz Moslehi, Asghar Tavan, Sajjad Narimani, Samira Soleimanpour","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-05028-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-05028-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"562"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Molecular detection of foodborne pathogens in Ardabil's milk supply.","authors":"Faraz Malek Bagali, Eslam Moradi-Asl, Abbas Abbasi-Ghahramanloo, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Farzad Khademi","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-05018-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-05018-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Foodborne diseases, often associated with animal products, cause illnesses globally. Contaminated animal products, particularly milk, are responsible for two-thirds of foodborne disease outbreaks, posing significant challenges to public health and economic sectors. This highlights the need for stringent food safety measures to protect public health. This descriptive cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the frequency of major foodborne pathogens in bulk milk samples in Ardabil province, Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between April and August 2024, 281 unpasteurized bulk milk samples were collected from cattle, sheep, and goat in Ardabil province, Iran. Samples were transported under hygienic conditions and stored at -20°C. DNA was extracted from 15 mL of milk samples and then molecular identification of various foodborne pathogens was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nested PCR methods. Geographic information systems (GIS) were employed to determine pathogen dispersion, creating scatter plots using ArcMap 10.8.1 software based on GPS coordinates of sampling locations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 281 bulk milk specimens that were tested, the frequency of various foodborne pathogens was as follows: Coxiella burnetii 9.2%, Listeria monocytogenes 1%, Brucella spp. 11.3%, Campylobacter jejuni 7.8%, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex 8.1%, Salmonella enterica 6.4%, Staphylococcus aureus 3.9%, Escherichia coli 3.2%, and Bacillus cereus 12.8%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the high frequency of major foodborne pathogens in unpasteurized bulk milk samples from Ardabil province, Iran. This underscores the critical need for enhanced food safety measures. The high frequency of contamination, particularly from B. cereus, Brucella spp., and C. burnetii, pose serious public health risks. Implementing stringent monitoring and control strategies in the dairy industry is essential to reduce the incidence of foodborne diseases and protect consumers. Continuous surveillance and education on proper food handling practices are imperative to safeguard public health and prevent future outbreaks of foodborne illnesses in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"554"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jamie Henry, Masayasu Ukai, Markos Antonakakis, Tianjian Zhou, Julie A Moreno, Agnieszka Z Burzynska, Stephanie McGrath
{"title":"Diffusion tensor imaging analysis of aged dogs with and without canine cognitive dysfunction.","authors":"Jamie Henry, Masayasu Ukai, Markos Antonakakis, Tianjian Zhou, Julie A Moreno, Agnieszka Z Burzynska, Stephanie McGrath","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04973-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04973-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD) is a naturally occurring disease in aged dogs that shares behavioral and pathological similarities with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite this, in vivo imaging of CCD has been limited, and to our knowledge, no studies have investigated the use of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to assess brain atrophy in this condition. The primary aim of this study was to determine whether DTI could detect differences in white matter microstructure between aged dogs with CCD and cognitively healthy aged dogs. A secondary aim was to evaluate correlations between DTI parameters and cognitive scores derived from the Canine Dementia Scale (CADES). We hypothesized that dogs with CCD would show lower fractional anisotropy (FA) and higher mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AxD), and radial diffusivity (RD) in the corpus callosum (CC) and thalamus. We further hypothesized that these changes would correlate with cognitive dysfunction severity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DTI revealed significant differences in white matter diffusivity between CCD and cognitively healthy aged dogs. Dogs with CCD had higher MD in the thalamus compared to healthy controls (CCD: 0.00063 mm<sup>2</sup>/s, IQR 0.00062-0.00066; n = 20, Healthy: 0.00060 mm<sup>2</sup>/s, IQR 0.00060-0.00063; n = 10; p = 0.022). CADES scores positively correlated with MD in the CC (rho=0.343, p = 0.0471) and thalamus (rho=0.483, p = 0.0038), and with RD in the thalamus (rho=0.416, p = 0.0144).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results demonstrate that DTI can detect changes in white matter integrity in the canine brain in both CCD and cognitively healthy aged dogs. Our findings suggest that axonal degeneration, as reflected by increased MD and RD values, correlates with worsening cognitive impairment. These patterns align with findings reported in Alzheimer's disease and support the potential use of DTI to monitor neuropathological progression in dogs with CCD. Overall, our results highlight the utility of DTI in characterizing structural brain changes associated with CCD and reinforce the translational relevance of CCD as a model for AD. Further research is required to determine whether DTI can reliably differentiate CCD from normal aging in clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"550"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Systematic review of the prevalence of environmental and host-related risk factors and the zoonotic potential of leptospirosis in domestic dogs in regions impacted by environmental changes.","authors":"Parsa Heydari, Mohammadreza Tirbandpay, Ramin Ghasemishayan","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-05023-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-05023-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Leptospirosis is a globally distributed zoonosis with significant public and veterinary health implications. Domestic dogs serve both as sentinels and reservoirs, particularly in ecologically dynamic settings influenced by urbanization and climate change. However, the global understanding of canine leptospirosis remains fragmented due to inconsistent diagnostic practices and variable regional data.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To synthesize global evidence on the seroprevalence, dominant serovars, and risk factors associated with Leptospira infection in domestic dogs, and to evaluate the implications for public health within a One Health framework.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review was conducted across four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and WeLib) for studies published between 2000 and 2024. Observational studies using the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) on domestic dogs were included. Data were extracted on seroprevalence, serovar distribution, and environmental, behavioral, and socio-economic risk factors. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for quality assessment. A narrative synthesis was conducted due to heterogeneity in methodologies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The systematic search identified 1,842 records, with 26 studies included, involving 13,827 dogs across 12 countries. Seroprevalence ranged from 9.1% to 75.0%, with higher rates in South America and Asia due to tropical climates. Dominant serovars included Leptospira interrogans serovar Canicola and Leptospira interrogans serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae, while Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Sejroe emerged in specific regions. Environmental (e.g., water proximity, OR = 1.5-5.1), behavioral (e.g., rodent hunting, OR = 2.4-4.5), and socioeconomic (e.g., poverty, OR = 2.5-4.0) risk factors were identified. Dogs served as sentinels and reservoirs, guiding One Health interventions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Canine leptospirosis is shaped by environmental, behavioral, and socio-economic drivers, with marked regional disparities. Dogs play a dual role as sentinels and reservoirs, necessitating integrated One Health interventions including targeted vaccination, environmental control, and community education. Standardization of diagnostics and expanded surveillance in underrepresented regions are critical for effective global leptospirosis control.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"564"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Byung-Gee Ko, Tae-Hyun Kim, Hyun Namkung, Hye-Gyu Lee, Young-Jun Kang, Ga-Hee Youn, Kyoung-Won Seo, Hwa-Young Youn, Min-Ok Ryu
{"title":"Evaluation of the effectiveness and adverse events of oxycodone as a pain-relieving agent in 103 dogs with tumors: a retrospective study.","authors":"Byung-Gee Ko, Tae-Hyun Kim, Hyun Namkung, Hye-Gyu Lee, Young-Jun Kang, Ga-Hee Youn, Kyoung-Won Seo, Hwa-Young Youn, Min-Ok Ryu","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04987-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04987-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oxycodone, a semi-synthetic opioid, has been widely used in human medicine for the management of tumor-related pain due to its potent analgesic properties. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oxycodone in managing tumor-related pain in dogs, addressing the current lack of research on effective analgesic options for canine cancer dogs. Medical records of 103 tumor-bearing dogs treated with oxycodone were retrospectively reviewed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Oxycodone demonstrated an analgesic effect ranging from 23.1 to 63.6%, depending on the anatomical origin of the tumor. Improvement was observed in 67.7% of dogs with metastatic lesions. In the monotherapy group, the mean pain relief score increased from 8.73 ± 1.27 before treatment to 9.65 ± 1.53 after administration (p < 0.0001). In the combination therapy group, score rose from 8.75 ± 1.20 to 9.83 ± 1.87 (p = 0.0002). Across the entire canine patient cohort, the mean pain relief score increased from 8.74 ± 1.23 to 9.74 ± 1.70 following treatment (p < 0.0001). Adverse effects included lethargy (n = 6), diarrhea (n = 2), vomiting (n = 1), tachypnea (n = 1), and stargazing (n = 1). All were self-limiting and resolved after discontinuation of the drug.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical importance: </strong>Oxycodone demonstrated an overall favorable analgesic profile and could be a well-tolerated and promising pain management solution, both as monotherapy and in combination therapy, for tumor-related pain in dogs, including those with advanced-stage tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"555"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}