BMC Veterinary Research最新文献

{"title":"Addition of lactic acid bacteria to diluted ram semen as vehicle for vaginal inoculation: interaction with seminal microbiota, sperm quality and antibacterial in vitro effect against Mycoplasma agalactiae.","authors":"Raquel Toledo-Perona, Jesús Gomis, Antonio Sánchez, Marion Toquet, Nerea Bailon-Larrañaga, Esther Bataller, Christian De la Fe, Ángel Gómez-Martín","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05536-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-026-05536-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as a probiotic in seminal doses of small ruminants has been suggested due to its antibacterial effects against pathogens such as Mycoplasma agalactiae (Ma) and positive effects on ovine vaginal health. The present in vitro study evaluates the antibacterial effect against Ma of a wild LAB strain from caprine prepuce and a commercial human probiotic (L3) composed by Lactobacillus spp., and evaluates their impact on sperm quality, DNA fragmentation, and the bacterial community composition in the studied conditions. One preputial wild strain (P65) and L3 were tested to assess its antibacterial in vitro potential against Ma in semen doses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In experimental conditions with diluted ram semen, the strain P65, identified as Enterococcus hirae, significantly reduced Ma concentration from 7.202 to 0.000 log CFU/mL (p < 0.05), and L3 from 6.872 to 2.699 log CFU/mL (p < 0.001). In addition, experimental condition with P65 suffered a greater Ma inhibition and pH reduction over 15 h of incubation (p < 0.05). In experimental conditions with LAB, sperm motility exceeded 75% in the presence of Ma, with no adverse effects on DNA fragmentation observed. A negative effect on Ma was also observed in diluted semen from rams, which could be attributed to the predominance of several species of Lactobacillus spp. in the semen diluted without antibiotics. Metabarcoding analyse evidence that Actinobacillus, Lactobacillus, and Staphylococcus were naturally present in the diluted semen studied. Moreover, under conditions with diluted semen and the wild strain P65, no significant increase in opportunistic pathogens as Escherichia-Shigella was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study is the first in vitro report of the antibacterial potential of male reproductive tract LAB against Ma and suggests its ecological importance in the reproductive microbiota of small ruminants. The replacement of antibiotics with species-specific LAB in seminal doses of small ruminants should be evaluated in future in vivo studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147833235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of bovine hydatidosis in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Oljira Megersa Bekele, Edilu Jorga Serba","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05528-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-026-05528-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bovine hydatidosis, caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus, remains a major parasitic disease affecting cattle and the meat industry in Ethiopia. This study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of bovine hydatidosis in Ethiopia through a systematic review and meta-analysis. A systematic search of PubMed, Google Scholar, African Journals Online (AJOL), and Science Direct was conducted to identify studies published between January 2013 and May 2023. The methodology followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A total of 60 eligible cross-sectional studies reporting prevalence of bovine hydatidosis in Ethiopia were included. Data were extracted using a standardized template and appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Prevalence Studies. Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated using STATA 14 with a random-effects model, applying logit transformation to stabilize variances. Heterogeneity was evaluated using Cochran's Q test and I² statistics, and publication bias was assessed with Egger's test and funnel plots. The pooled national prevalence of bovine hydatidosis was 27.4% (95% CI: 24.3-30.5) with significant heterogeneity (I² = 97.7%, p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed higher prevalence in eastern Ethiopia (32.0%, 95% CI: 19.3-44.7) and lower in northern Ethiopia (23.7%, 95% CI: 19.9-27.6). No significant temporal trend was observed across the study period. Funnel plots and Egger's test (p = 0.32) indicated no publication bias. This systematic review and meta-analysis reveal that bovine hydatidosis remains endemic and widespread in Ethiopia, with marked regional variability. Strengthened abattoir inspection, dog deworming, and improved offal disposal practices are essential to reduce infection risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147833344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computed tomographic characterization and prevalence of osseous cyst-like lesions in the mandibular condylar process of dogs.","authors":"Manuel Novales, Eduardo Manuel Hernández, Pedro José Ginel, Beatriz Blanco, Jesús María Fernández, Rosario Lucena","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05515-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-026-05515-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Osseous cyst-like lesions (OCLLs) in the mandibular condylar process of dogs are rare and generally considered clinically not relevant, although have been associated with osteoarthritis (OA). On computed tomography (CT) scans, OCLLs appear circular in shape but may change with the cutting plane. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the CT characteristics of OCLLs and their prevalence in the mandibular condylar process of dogs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 716 CT scans of dogs examined from 2018 to 2025 (1,432 joints), met the inclusion criteria; 385 males and 331 females, of different breeds, aged 1 month to 17 years. OCLLs were observed in 57 dogs, 31 in the head of the condylar process (CH) and 26 in the neck of the condylar process (CN), with 4 dogs with OCLLs in both positions. OCLLs appeared as circular images in the transverse planes in all dogs but had a concave shape resembling a bone notch in the dorsal and sagittal planes, and in three-dimensional volume rendering (3DVR). In the CH, OCLLs were associated with OA in 19 out of 24 joints. Brachycephalic breeds were affected more frequently, primarily due to the high proportion of French Bulldogs that showed a highly significant association with CH OCLLs (P = 0.0009; OR: 14.82; two-sided Fisher's exact test). In the CN, OCLLs were significantly associated with male dogs of mesocephalic breeds (P = 0.0164; OR: 2.96; two-sided Fisher's exact test).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CT dorsal and sagittal planes, and 3DVR allowed us to identify the notch shape of OCLLs. OCLLs in the CH are uncommon in dogs and French Bulldogs would appear to be predisposed. OA signs are observed in a high proportion in dogs with OCLLs suggesting a potential association.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147833164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated effects of dietary supplementation of Spirulina platensis in working dogs: nutritional, biochemical, antioxidant, immunological, gut-related microbial and nutrigenomic insights.","authors":"Hala A Abdelhady, Aya M Yassin, Hassan Aboul-Ella, Khaled Nasr El-Din Fahmy, Haithem A M Farghali, Tony M A","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05498-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-026-05498-5","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The present study investigated the effects of daily dietary supplementation with Spirulina platensis powder at two inclusion levels (0.04 g and 0.08 g/kg body weight) for working dogs. Spirulina platensis is a nutrient-rich microalgae containing high-quality protein, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidant pigments. These constituents are reported to possess immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and gut health-promoting effects. Dose-dependent effects on nutritional status, metabolic profiles, antioxidant and inflammatory status, gut integrity, immune function, and systemic gut health-related nutrigenomic responses were assessed in working dogs. A total of 15 adult male German Shepherd working dogs (age 2-3 years, weight range 24-26.5 kg) were randomly assigned to 3 groups (n = 5) over a 7-week experimental period, with evaluations at weeks 0, 3, and 7. The groups were as follows: first group, control (CON), fed on a basal diet; the second group (SP1) fed on the basal diet plus 0.04 g/kg body weight/day Spirulina powder; the third group (SP2) fed on the basal diet plus 0.08 g/kg body weight /day Spirulina powder.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Body weight, body condition score, daily food intake, fecal score, and fecal moisture did not differ among the three groups during the trial (P &gt; 0.05). Indeed, Spirulina supplementation was significantly associated with higher serum total protein, albumin, and globulin concentrations (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, a significant difference in lipid profile was observed, characterized by reduced total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels (P &lt; 0.05). Similarly, lower aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and urea concentrations were observed in Spirulina-supplemented groups (P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, supplemented groups exhibited enhanced total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations (P &lt; 0.05). Regarding serum gut barrier integrity-related genes, there is a significant upregulation of occludin (OCLN) and a reduction in fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP2) in the supplemented groups (P &lt; 0.05). In terms of inflammatory and immune biomarkers, there is significant downregulation of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6) in the serum of dogs supplemented with Spirulina (P &lt; 0.05). Interestingly, Spirulina-supplemented groups showed a significant decrease in calprotectin and increase in fecal IgA levels (P &lt; 0.05). In addition, Changes in selected culturable fecal bacterial populations were observed in the Spirulina-supplemented groups indicated by significant increased total bacterial count and lactobacillus count accompanied by a lower coliform level (P &lt; 0.05). For the parameters that showed significant differences, treatment, time, treatment × time interaction were all signi","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147833334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of castration on growth performance and cecal microbiota in growing raccoon dogs: an exploratory study.","authors":"Guocai Jiao, Yun Jia, Xiao Li, Zhiqiang Han, Liuwei Xie, Xiuli Zhang, Rui Du, Weigang Zhao, Chao Xu","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05526-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-026-05526-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Castration is a common surgical procedure in male farm animals and may affect growth and physiology. However, its effects on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, serum parameters, and cecal microbiota in growing raccoon dogs remain unclear. Therefore, this exploratory study was conducted to evaluate these responses in growing raccoon dogs. Ten healthy raccoon dogs (aged 80 ± 5 days) were randomly allocated to Sham and Cast groups (n = 5 per group).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After a 60-day trial, raccoon dogs in the castrated group showed significantly lower final body weight and average daily gain, together with a higher feed to gain ratio (p < 0.05). Castration was also associated with higher apparent digestibility of crude fat and neutral detergent fiber (p < 0.05) and elevated serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels (p < 0.05). In addition, the cecal microbial community structure differed between groups. Compared with the Sham group, the Cast group showed a higher relative abundance of Bacteroidota, a lower Firmicutes/Bacteroidota ratio, and a higher relative abundance of Prevotella (p < 0.05). Cecal acetic acid and propionic acid concentrations were also higher in the Cast group (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this exploratory study, castration was associated with reduced growth performance, altered lipid-related traits, higher apparent digestibility of crude fat and neutral detergent fiber, and shifts in cecal microbiota composition in growing raccoon dogs. The increased relative abundance of Prevotella and higher short-chain fatty acid concentrations may reflect changes in hindgut fermentation and energy utilization following castration. However, given the limited sample size and the lack of direct functional validation, these findings should be interpreted cautiously and require confirmation in larger and mechanistic studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147833220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global prevalence and epidemiological dynamics of bovine ephemeral fever: a misclassification-adjusted bayesian meta-analysis.","authors":"Mobina Payami, Mohammad Erfan Aghighi, Narges Safari, Tania Akbari, Arghavan Sayahi, Parisa Izadkhah Shourehdeli, Mobina Pato, Arman Abdous, Farzane Shams","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05529-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-026-05529-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) is an economically important yet under-characterized arboviral disease of cattle and water buffalo, with substantial impacts on productivity and herd health across tropical and subtropical regions. Despite decades of surveillance, global prevalence estimates remain uncertain due to pronounced diagnostic heterogeneity and uneven geographic coverage.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic review and Bayesian hierarchical meta-analysis of BEF serological and molecular prevalence data. Fifty-two studies published between 1967 and 2025 from 19 countries were included in the systematic review, of which laboratory-confirmed data from 16 countries contributed to quantitative meta-analysis and Bayesian modelling, representing 335,754 bovines. Observed prevalence estimates were corrected for imperfect diagnostic sensitivity and specificity using a misclassification-adjusted Bayesian framework, which improves accuracy by accounting for false positives and false negatives and harmonizing prevalence estimates across diagnostic methods, including differences between serological assays that measure cumulative exposure and molecular assays that detect short-lived active infection, and spatiotemporal models were applied to reconstruct national trends.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After correcting for diagnostic misclassification, the global true seroprevalence of BEF was estimated at 0.33. The corresponding misclassification-adjusted prevalence of active infection was 0.241; however, hierarchical modelling of outbreak-concentrated PCR and virus-isolation data produced a higher posterior mean of 0.56, reflecting the clustering of molecular sampling during epidemic periods. Marked geographic heterogeneity was observed, with posterior seroprevalence approaching 0.84 in Pakistan and Turkey, compared with substantially lower inferred immunity in Israel and Australia. Spatiotemporal analyses revealed declining long-term exposure in China and Australia, whereas recurrent outbreak-driven transmission persisted in parts of the Middle East and South Asia. Shifts in diagnostic practices over time, together with ongoing viral lineage diversification, further contributed to regional variation in reported prevalence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides the first global, misclassification-adjusted synthesis of BEF epidemiology. The findings highlight the importance of standardized diagnostic protocols, enhanced genomic surveillance, and regionally targeted control strategies, as well as providing a solid quantitative baseline for future epidemiological assessment and policy development aimed at reducing the global burden of BEF.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147833199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinico-pathological and renal morphological findings in dogs naturally infected with Dirofilaria repens.","authors":"Korinna É Szabó, Luca Aresu, Linda Müller, Eszter Szilágyi, Fruzsina A Falus, Nándor Balogh, Márton Boros, Tibor Papp, Ferenc Manczur","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05535-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-026-05535-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dirofilaria repens is a mosquito-borne filarial nematode that causes subcutaneous dirofilariasis in dogs and is closely related to Dirofilaria immitis. Infection with D. immitis can lead to immune-mediated glomerulonephritis characterized by immune complex deposition along the glomerular basement membrane, resulting in proteinuria and renal dysfunction. Reported histopathological changes include membranous glomerulonephritis with potential chronic progression to chronic interstitial nephritis, glomerulosclerosis, and amyloidosis. Despite the close relationship between these two Dirofilaria species, renal clinicopathological changes associated with D. repens infection have been only rarely investigated, and renal ultrastructural and immunofluorescence findings have not been described in naturally infected dogs. The objective of this study was to collect clinicopathological data and evaluate kidneys from dogs naturally infected with D. repens for structural abnormalities using light microscopy (LM), immunofluorescence (IF), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy-two shelter dogs from the university neutering program were screened for D. repens infection. Six infected dogs were identified, and renal biopsies were obtained during neutering. Serum urea, creatinine, and SDMA concentrations were measured, and comprehensive urinalysis was performed, including urinary protein-to-creatinine and albumin-to-creatinine ratios. None of the dogs had increased serum creatinine or SDMA; two of six dogs had mildly increased urea. Mean urine specific gravity was 1.029 ± 0.011, and urine sediment was unremarkable in all dogs. Two dogs were borderline proteinuric and one was proteinuric; the mean urine protein-to-creatinine ratio was 0.29 ± 0.15. Microalbuminuria was detected in one case (median: 0.001). Histopathology predominantly demonstrated podocyte injury with variable podocyte foot process effacement, without evidence supporting an immune complex-mediated glomerulopathy. Two dogs had mild focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). IF was available for two dogs and did not support immune complex-mediated disease, in agreement with TEM findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this cohort, dogs naturally infected with D. repens showed predominantly mild renal lesions characterized mainly by podocyte injury and, less frequently, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. These findings differ from the immune-complex-dominant renal pathology commonly described in D. immitis infection and highlight the value of ultrastructural and immunofluorescence assessment for characterizing renal changes associated with D. repens infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147811028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Th1/Th2 cytokine polarization in three different anaesthesia protocols administered to cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy.","authors":"Tarik Safak, Oznur Yılmaz-Koc, Ebru Karakaya-Bilen, Nicolò Columbano","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05520-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-026-05520-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated perioperative Th1/Th2 cytokine polarization and biochemical changes in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy under three different anesthesia protocols. Twenty-four healthy mixed-breed female cats were randomly allocated into three groups (n = 8/group): propofol-isoflurane (Group I), xylazine-ketamine hydrochloride (Group II), and xylazine-isoflurane (Group III). Venous blood samples were collected preoperatively (0 h) and at 6 and 12 h postoperatively. Serum concentrations of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 were quantified using feline-specific ELISA kits, and biochemical variables were measured with an automated analyzer. In Group I, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, increased postoperatively (12.64 ± 2.28 ng/mL) compared to preoperative levels (6.79 ± 0.74 ng/mL; p < 0.05). In Group II, both interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-2 levels decreased after the operation compared to pre-op 0 h (p < 0.05). Group III showed a decrease in IL-4 and IL-10 postoperatively (124.21 ± 23.45 pg/mL and 106.05 ± 5.25 ng/mL, respectively) compared to pre-op 0 h (197.28 ± 14.40 pg/mL and 113.14 ± 11.19 ng/mL, respectively; p < 0.05). IL-5 concentrations did not change significantly in any group. Postoperative biochemical changes were transient and remained within reference ranges, with no clinical complications observed. These findings indicate that anesthesia protocols differentially influence perioperative immune responses in cats. The xylazine-ketamine combination induced the greatest cytokine fluctuations, whereas xylazine-isoflurane best preserved Th1/Th2 balance. Anesthetic selection may play a critical role in minimizing perioperative immune modulation. The xylazine-isoflurane protocol may be a preferable option for feline ovariohysterectomy, particularly in patients where immune stability is clinically relevant. These findings indicate that anesthesia protocols are associated with distinct short-term perioperative immune profiles in cats undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy. The observed differences should be interpreted as preliminary and hypothesis-generating, and larger studies with standardized pain assessment and longer follow-up are warranted to clarify clinical implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147811061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"7-GTDF from Archidendron clypearia extract inhibits PRRSV entry and interacts with the CD163 receptor.","authors":"Jing Yang, Xiaoli Zhang, Hao Wu, Wei Peng, Weiwei Su, Peibo Li","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05489-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-026-05489-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) poses a major threat to global swine production, with no clinically approved specific therapeutics. Archidendron clypearia (AC), a medicinal plant traditionally used for human upper respiratory infections, exhibits broad-spectrum antiviral activity. This study systematically evaluated the antiviral efficacy of AC against PRRSV, elucidated its pharmacodynamic material basis through comprehensive chemical profiling, and explored the targeted molecular mechanisms of its core active component, 7-GTDF.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Screening of 30 herbal ethanol extracts based on a PRRSV-EGFP fluorescence phenotype identified AC as possessing significant anti-PRRSV activity. In Marc-145 cells and porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs), AC inhibited the replication of PRRSV-Li11 and PRRSV-CHR6 at both the mRNA and protein levels. Time-of-addition assays indicated that AC acts by inactivating the virus and interfering with early infection stages. Phytochemical analysis identified 40 constituents in AC, with 7-O-galloyltricetiflavan (7-GTDF) quantified via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as the predominant compound, accounting for 37.59% of the total peak area. Network pharmacology combined with experimental validation demonstrated that AC suppresses the PRRSV-induced overexpression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in PAMs by modulating the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Subsequent screening of the primary compounds in AC revealed that 7-GTDF exhibits significant anti-PRRSV activity. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations indicated a stable interaction between 7-GTDF and the host CD163 receptor. Finally, cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) confirmed this target engagement, demonstrating that 7-GTDF binds to the CD163 receptor and reduces its thermal stability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These data indicate that AC and its constituent 7-GTDF inhibit PRRSV infection through mechanisms involving CD163 targeting and inflammatory pathway modulation. These findings provide a pharmacological basis for evaluating AC as a potential antiviral candidate in swine health management.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147811095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A paired longitudinal comparison of fecal and serum cortisol in Holstein transition dairy cows.","authors":"Tayeb Moumivand, Aliasghar Chalmeh, Mehrdad Pourjafar, Armin Amirian, Mohammad Hosein Sadeghi","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05523-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-026-05523-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transition dairy cows experience substantial physiological stress around calving. Serum cortisol reflects acute hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity, whereas fecal cortisol metabolites (FCM) provide a non‑invasive measure of cumulative cortisol secretion. This study quantified the within‑cow association between log10-transformed FCM and serum cortisol, characterised temporal trajectories and lags, evaluated the ability of FCM to predict serum cortisol, assessed links with oxidative stress markers, and examined effect modification by the temperature-humidity index (THI). Twenty multiparous Holstein cows were sampled on nine days relative to calving. Linear mixed models (LMMs), generalised additive mixed models (GAMMs), cross‑correlation functions and cross‑validated predictive models were used. A significant positive association between FCM and serum cortisol was found, but prediction failed to meet prespecified calibration criteria, as the calibration slope (0.843 [95% CI 0.172-1.514]) fell outside the prespecified 0.90-1.10 range and the calibration intercept (0.356 [-1.085-1.799]) fell outside the - 0.05 to 0.05 range. Peak days differed across cows, and no systematic lag was detected; instead, we observed substantial cow‑level variability in lag structure. FCM was not associated with oxidative markers, and THI did not modify the serum-FCM relationship. These results suggest that FCM complements rather than substitutes for serum cortisol in transition cows.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147811051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}