BMC Veterinary Research最新文献

{"title":"Doppler velocimetry of the middle cerebral artery and basilar artery in clinically healthy dogs of different age groups.","authors":"Tamiris Disselli, Denise Jaques Ramos, Luiz Paulo Nogueira Aires, Diego Rodrigues Gomes, Diana Villa Verde Salazar, Stéfany Tagliatela Tinto, Ricardo Andres Ramirez Uscategui, Igor Cezar Kniphoff da Cruz, Marcus Antônio Rossi Feliciano","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04644-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04644-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Transcranial Doppler ultrasound is a low-cost test that provides real-time information on brain hemodynamics and makes it possible to detect and monitor hemodynamic disorders non-invasively by calculating Doppler velocimetric values. In veterinary literature, studies related to this diagnostic tool are still scarce, with most dating back more than a decade and very few involving the Doppler study of the arterial circle. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate qualitatively (color Doppler and spectral classification) and quantitatively (pulsed Doppler) the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and basilar artery (BA) of clinically healthy dogs of different age groups to determine normal hemodynamic values and their relationship with the age of the animals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The end-diastolic velocity (EDV) and peak systolic velocity (PSV) values differed between young, adult, and elderly dogs for the right MCA and BA, and the left MCA, respectively (p < 0.05). No differences were observed in the resistivity and pulsatility indices between the three age groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Doppler velocimetric flow velocities of right and left middle cerebral artery (RMCA and LMCA) and basilar artery (BA) vary with advancing age in clinically healthy dogs. Therefore, care must be taken while evaluating cerebral hemodynamic indexes in normal as well as diseased dogs belonging to different age groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"183"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921749/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143662397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment and characterization study of ovine mammary organoids.","authors":"Rui Feng, Sijia Ma, Ruixue Bai, Yijing Zhu, Sarengele, Jingru Ning, Quanzhong Xu, Chunwei Wang, Lequn Wang, Chao Bian, Zhong Zheng, Pengfei Shou, Liguo Zhang, Xiaohu Su","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04657-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04657-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The study of ovine lactation and mastitis is limited by the lack of physiologically relevant in vitro models. Compared to mammary epithelial cells, mammary gland organoids (MaOs) offer a better model for studying lactation, as they more accurately replicate the tissue structure and interactions of cells in vivo. Here, we optimize a protocol for the isolation, culture, characterization, and transfection of ovine MaOs derived from ewe mammary tissue.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We compared different enzymatic digestion methods and found that type IV collagenase digestion for 60 min yielded the highest number of MaOs compared to a mixed enzyme solution of type II collagenase and hyaluronidase. Culture medium optimization revealed that medium B supported superior growth, with increased budding structures, a higher number of MaOs over time, and a greater proportion of EdU-positive proliferating cells compared to media A and C. Cell-type characterization confirmed the presence of both luminal and myoepithelial cells, as shown by RT-PCR analysis of CK14, CK18, and CK7 expression, and further validated by immunofluorescence staining for CK14 and CK18. MaOs in medium B exhibited significantly higher mRNA expression levels of milk lipid metabolism-related genes (XDH, FABP3, SREBP1), lactose metabolism-related genes (GLUT1, GLUT4), and milk protein synthesis genes (EIF4E, CSN2) at multiple time points. In all media, XDH, FABP3, SREBP1, GLUT1, GLUT4, EIF4E, and CSN2 mRNA expression peaked at Day 7 before declining. Additionally, at Day 7, supernatant analysis confirmed that triglyceride, lactose, and CSN2 concentrations were significantly elevated in medium B compared to media A and C. Finally, we demonstrated that the ovine MaOs could be transfected using electroporation with 27.3% becoming GFP-positive.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study establishes a protocol for the isolation, culture, characterization, and genetic manipulation of ovine MaOs. These organoids serve as a physiologically relevant model for studying the regulatory mechanisms of lactation and mastitis in sheep, providing a tool for future research in veterinary and agricultural sciences.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"184"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143662398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of Abortion-Related infectious diseases and associated risk factors among Brucellosis-free herds in Northern central Algeria.","authors":"Fatima Yahiaoui, Moustafa Kardjadj, Sarah Mohammedi, Meriem Hind Ben-Mahdi","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04655-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04655-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cattle abortion, which may be caused by different infectious agents, harms milk and meat production, animal health, and ultimately rural economies. Despite the existence of a national control program for cattle brucellosis since 1995, abortion remains a major concern for cattle breeders in Algeria even among officially recognized cattle Brucellosis-free herds. The objective of this study is to investigate i: the abortion rate among officially recognized cattle Brucellosis-free herds, ii: the seroprevalence of some abortive infectious agents within cattle Brucellosis-free herds, iii: evaluate the abortion risk factors associated with the seropositivity of the investigated abortive agents among brucellosis cattle-free herds.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The present study reveals an abortion rate at the herd and the individual level of 47, 36% (20/38) and 29, 06% (50/172) respectively. Herd seroprevalences were as follows: neosporosis (31,57%), toxoplasmosis (28,94%); chlamydiosis (Chlamidophila abortus) (15,78% ); Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) (47,36%); Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) (60,52%) and infectious bovine rinotracheitis (IBR) (42,10%). The risk factor analysis using a multivariable logistic regression model at the herd level showed that seropositivity to neosporosis (OR = 1, 11, CI: [0,85 - 1,19]); toxoplasmosis (OR = 1,95, CI: [1,22 - 2,84]); IBR (OR = 1,78, CI: [1,59 - 2,79]); BVD (OR = 1,65, CI: [1,86 - 3,43]); Q fever (OR = 1,51, CI: [1,42 - 2,53]) is a risk factor for abortion. Additionally, our findings reveal that the presence of co-infection is also a risk factor for abortion among Algerian Brucellosis-free herds. The risk for abortion at the herd level was 1,41 times higher for double and triple-infected herds and 1,65 times higher for quintuple-infected herds compared to negative. Moreover, managerial factors, such as hygiene practices on farms, the presence of primiparous cows, and mixed breeding livestock, were identified as additional risk factors for abortion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on these results, particular attention should be given to the studied abortive agents to strengthen the prevention and control plan. Furthermore, establishing some preventive measures such as quarantine and biosecurity could help reduce infections in dairy farms.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"185"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921590/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143662351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of iridocorneal angle in cats and dogs using ultrasound biomicroscopy: implications for glaucoma prevalence.","authors":"Donghee Kim, Ji Seung Jung, Jiyi Hwang, Jiwoo Park, Myeongjee Kwon, Jungyeon Yong, Haerin Yoon, Kyung-Mee Park","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04648-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04648-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aims to investigate the anatomical differences in the anterior segment of the eyes between dogs and cats using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) to understand the higher prevalence of primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) in dogs compared to cats. Retrospective analysis was performed on clinical data from 16 eyes of 16 dogs and 14 eyes of 14 cats with normal eye conditions. UBM was utilized to measure nine specific parameters, including Schwalbe's Line Distance (SLD), Iridocorneal Angle (ICA), Angle-Opening Distance (AOD), and three ciliary cleft parameters: width (CCW), length (CCL), and area (CCA). To account for differences in body size, ciliary cleft parameters were adjusted accordingly.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant anatomical differences in the anterior segment were found between the two species. Dogs had smaller values for SLD, ICA, AOD, and ciliary cleft parameters (CCW, CCL, CCA) compared to cats. Even after body-size adjustment, the rectified ciliary cleft parameters remained smaller in dogs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The anatomical differences, particularly the smaller ciliary cleft and narrower drainage angles in dogs, may contribute to the higher prevalence of PACG in this species. Conversely, the larger ciliary cleft in cats may explain the lower occurrence of primary glaucoma in cats.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"181"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921709/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, attitudes, and perception of dog owners on the transmission, control and prevention of cystic echinococcosis and other gastrointestinal parasites in dogs of Southern provinces of Mozambique.","authors":"Regina D Miambo, Sonia M de S Afonso, Emilia V Noormahomed, Claudia Tamponi, Antonio Varcasia, Giorgia Dessì, Constance Benson, Stephen W Bickler, Robert T Schooley, Samson Mukaratirwa","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04639-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04639-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In rural communities of Mozambique, dogs are utilized not only as companion animals, but also for shepherding livestock, guarding, and hunting purposes, increasing exposure of humans to zoonotic parasites. Thus, we conducted a study to assess knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of rural dog owners living in the districts of Gaza and Inhambane provinces, south of Mozambique, on cystic echinococcosis (CE) followed by a survey on the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites with emphasis on Taeniidae infection in dogs from the same districts. A structured questionnaire was administered to 335 dog owners to assess their knowledge, attitudes and perceptions related to the risk factors for transmission, control, and prevention of CE. Responses were analyzed with SPSS software using the Chi-square test. To determine the prevalence of endoparasites, 723 dog fecal samples were collected and processed using a flotation technique to detect helminths/protozoa eggs/cysts/oocysts and modified Ziehl Neelsen staining to detect Cryptosporidium oocysts. Samples positive for taeniids were further processed to identify them to species level using molecular techniques. 3% (10/335) of respondents of the questionnaire were aware of CE which was higher in males (2.7%; 9/335) compared to females, in respondents aged 26-45 years old (2.1%; 7/335), and in agro-pastoralists (1.8%; 6/335). An overall prevalence of 93.7% (678/723) for at least one parasite species was found. Prevalence was 7.6% (55/723) for Spirocerca spp., 50.9% (368/723) for Ancylostoma spp., 4% (29/723) for Toxocara spp., 5.4% (39/723) for Trichuris spp., 8.7% (63/723) for Sarcocystis spp., 8.4% (61/723) for Dipylidium caninum, 8.7% (63/723) for Isospora spp., 2.2% (16/723) for Giardia spp. and 1.7% (12/723) for Cryptosporidium spp. Prevalence of taeniids was 2.4% (17/723) with six isolates identified as Taenia hydatigena and two as Taenia multiceps. Results of questionnaire survey showed that the Knowledge of cystic echinococcosis in districts of southern Mozambique was limited, and we recommend the development of targeted public health campaigns to raise awareness of local communities about transmission cycles and prevention CE. Future epidemiological studies should be conducted to investigate the potential source of CE infections in cattle by screening both wild and domestic canids.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"182"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921684/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143662399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial-temporal distribution and risk factors of foot and mouth disease outbreaks in Java Island, Indonesia from 2022 to 2023.","authors":"Virgilius Martin Kelake Kedang, Indri Permatasari, Thanicha Chanchaidechachai, Chaidate Inchaisri","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04621-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04621-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Indonesia faced new outbreaks of foot and mouth disease in 2022 after being officially free from the disease for several decades. The outbreaks were first reported in East Java in April 2022 and subsequently spread to many regions in Indonesia. This study investigated the epidemiology and risk factors of foot and mouth disease outbreaks in Java, Indonesia, from 2022 to 2023. Descriptive, spatial, spatiotemporal, and risk factor analyses were conducted to investigate the patterns and risk factors associated with the outbreaks in Java.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed that the outbreaks were distributed across the island. East Java was the most affected region. The outbreaks peaked in June 2022, followed by a downward trend until 2023. Positive spatial autocorrelations were found in both years, indicating that the outbreaks clustered in several areas. The spatiotemporal analysis found a total of 16 clusters in both years, with 11 clusters in 2022 and 5 clusters in 2023. The temporal distribution of clusters indicated a peak period from May to July, with 12 out of 16 clusters occurring during this time. Risk factor analysis found that environmental and agricultural-related factors, including annual precipitation, the presence of livestock markets, the presence of slaughterhouses, the presence of animal health centres, cattle population, and goat population, are significant risk factors for the occurrence of outbreaks in Java. Probability risk mapping found higher risk areas primarily distributed in the eastern and central parts of Java.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The outbreaks predominantly clustered in eastern and central parts of Java. The outbreaks peaked in June 2022, followed by a downward trend until the end of 2023. Environmental and agricultural-related factors significantly increased the risk of outbreak occurrence.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"180"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11916208/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A preliminary study on digital quantification of ocular attributes in cattle as potential non-invasive indicators of anemia.","authors":"Mushtaq Hussain Lashari, Anna Abdullah, Fouzia Nazir, Asma Iqbal, Muhammad Abrar Afzal, Umer Farooq, Musadiq Idris, Musarrat Abbas Khan, Faisal Shahzad, Mahad Azam, Khawar Ali Shahzad, Dalia Fouad, Farid Shokry Ataya, Shagufta Nasreen","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04618-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04618-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Various non-invasive indicators such as ocular attributes have been tested and validated for the assessment of anemia and vitamin A deficiency in human medical sciences with promising results. However, regarding veterinary diagnostics/prognostics, there is limited literature for photometric assessment of anemia in cattle. The present preliminary study is the first account of digital quantification of various ocular attributes in cattle (n = 36) carried out with an objective to unearth the potential of these attributes (RGB analysis and morphometry of eyeballs, and color of palpebral conjunctiva) as non-invasive predictors of RBC count, hemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that green (r = 0.571), blue (r = 0.706), yellow (r = 0.624), black (r = 0.712) and whiteness (r = 0.778) of cattle eye were positively and significantly (P ≤ 0.05) correlated with Hb with 67.0% predictability for overall model. Similarly, red (r= -0.536), green (r= -0.565), magenta (r= -0.409), yellow (r= -0.563), black (r = 0.700) and whiteness (r= -0.805) were highly correlated (P ≤ 0.05) with Hb with a strong overall model predictability of 67.6%. The associations with RBC count were, however, weaker and non-significant (23% predictability).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It is concluded that various ocular attributes of cattle, particularly blue, yellow, black, whiteness and lightness, could serve as non-invasive indicators of Hb and PCV, assisting in detecting of anemia. The palpebral conjunctiva color chart developed through this preliminary data could function as an on-field point-of-care testing (POCT) tool to predict Hb and PCV levels in cattle.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"175"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11912724/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of artichoke (Cynara scolymus) polyphenolic extract on growth, antioxidants and some immune parameters in common carp (Cyprinus carpio).","authors":"Elham Kia, Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar, Mohammad Mazandarani, Valiollah Jafari, Roghieh Safari, Marina Paolucci","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04619-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04619-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this research, Cyprinus carpio juveniles were fed with experimental diets containing different levels of artichoke polyphenolic leaf extract (ALE) 0 (Control), 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg over eight weeks. After eight weeks, haemato-immunological parameters, growth performance, immune parameters and antioxidant defense were measured. The administration of varying levels of ALE had no significant effects on growth parameters compared to the control group. However, haematological parameters were significantly elevated compared to the control group. Immune parameters such as serum lysozyme, mucus lysozyme, serum and mucus total immunoglobulin, as well as serum alternative complement activity and bactericidal activity of ALE-treated carps, showed a notable increase in comparison to the CTRL group. Also, the agglutination titer of serum and mucus in ALE fed carps were significantly higher than CTRL group. Feeding with varying levels of ALE (0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg) significantly enhanced the activities of serum antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase in all groups, catalase in the 0.5 and 2 g/kg groups, and glutathione peroxidase in the 1 and 2 g/kg groups, compared to the control group. The results of this study demonstrate that dietary supplementation with ALE at 0.5-2 g/kg positively influences immune and antioxidant factors in Cyprinus carpio, with the most pronounced effects observed at 1 and 2 g/kg. These findings suggest that artichoke polyphenolic extract, particularly at higher dosages, has potential as an effective feed additive to enhance immunity and antioxidant capacity in carp farming.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"177"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11912677/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Canine lymphoma in Croatia: a fourteen-year retrospective study.","authors":"Vida Eraghi, Lidija Medven Zagradišnik, Mavro Matasović, Dunja Vlahović, Doroteja Huber, Andrea Gudan Kurilj, Ivan-Conrado Šoštarić-Zuckermann, Branka Artuković, Ivana Mihoković Buhin, Iva Ciprić, Marko Hohšteter","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04634-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04634-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lymphoma is the most prevalent hematopoietic system tumor in dogs and holds significant clinical importance in veterinary medicine. However, the epidemiology of canine lymphoma in Croatia remains understudied. This retrospective study aims to describe the predominant lymphoma types in this population over 14 years and evaluate associations with sex, breed, and age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 28,681 canine cases referred to the Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zagreb, from 2009 to 2023, a total of 374 cases (1.30%) were diagnosed with lymphoma. Of these, 282 cases (75.40%) were purebred dogs, with the most affected breeds being Golden Retrievers (23, 6.15%), Labrador Retrievers (23, 6.15%), German Shepherds (14, 3.74%), and Boxers (14, 3.74%). Bullmastiffs (8.14%) had the highest number of lymphoma diagnoses among the referred breeds, followed by Airedale Terriers (6.67%) and German Shepherds (5.09%). The Maltese, though a popular breed, showed a low lymphoma rate of 0.40%, indicating no notable predisposition. Multicentric lymphoma (59, 53.64%) was the most common anatomical classification, followed by cutaneous (33, 30.00%) and alimentary lymphoma (13, 11.82%). The mean age at diagnosis was 8.27 ± 3.07 years, with most cases occurring between 5 and 10 years (207, 55.35%). Males (216, 57.75%) were more frequently affected than females (158, 42.24%), except among Golden Retrievers, where 69.56% of cases were female.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study reveals that the distribution of dogs with lymphomas, including type and anatomical classification, in terms of breed, sex and age, is consistent with existing literature, except in the cases of Golden Retrievers, Basset Hounds, and Scottish Terriers. Further molecular and environmental studies are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"172"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11912587/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative bioavailability study of two oral formulations of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid in healthy dogs.","authors":"Kananuch Vasuntrarak, Koranis Patthanachai, Piyawan Charoenlertkul, Suphachai Nuanualsuwan, Henrique Cheng, Nipattra Suanpairintr","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04649-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04649-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid combination (AMX-CA) is a widely used oral antibiotic for companion animals. In Thailand, various AMX-CA formulations are available. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the pharmacokinetic profiles and relative bioavailability of two AMX-CA formulations using a randomized, two-period, two-treatment crossover design in six healthy Beagle dogs. Each dog received a 250 mg AMX-CA tablet (formulation A or B) at a dosage of 20.5 ± 2.5 mg/kg, with a 7-day washout period between treatments. Blood samples were collected over a 24-h period post-administration, then AMX and CA concentrations were measured using LC-MS/MS. Bioequivalence was assessed based on the 90% confidence intervals (CI) for peak plasma concentration (C_max) and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve extrapolated to infinity (AUC_0-∞), which required to fall within 80%-125%.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The relative bioavailability of formulation B was 76.5% for AMX and 72.7% for CA, compared to formulation A. Only CA's C_max met the bioequivalence criteria, while the CIs for AUC_0-∞ and C_max of AMX and AUC_0-∞ of CA were outside the acceptable range.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Bioequivalence between the two formulations was not established, indicating that these formulations are not interchangeable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"173"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11912621/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}