BMC Veterinary Research最新文献

{"title":"Genetic characterization of zoonotic hookworms infecting wild felids in northern India.","authors":"Thangam Venkatesan, Rasmita Panda, Anil Kumar Nehra, Hira Ram, M Karikalan, Devendra Prasad Pateer, Rajat Garg, A M Pawde","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04641-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04641-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hookworms are the most common soil-transmitted helminths that inhabit the small intestine of various domesticated and wild animals. Despite their conservation status, there is a paucity of research on hookworm infections in wild felids. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of hookworm infections in wild felids in northern India and to genetically characterize the hookworms. Faecal samples (n = 96) from wild felids (lion, tiger, leopard, panther, jungle cat, and civet cat) were examined for helminthic infections. Samples positive for hookworms were subsequently subjected to molecular analysis targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among helminthic infections, Ancylostoma spp. ranked second (7.3%) after Toxocara cati (13.5%). Molecular analysis identified two species, A. caninum and A. ceylanicum. Phylogenetic analysis revealed distinct monophyletic clades for each species. Ancylostoma caninum formed a large clade with two subclades, one comprising Asian isolates and the other encompassing isolates from the Americas and Australia, whereas A. ceylanicum formed a single clade. Nucleotide identities ranged from 97.9 to 100% for A. caninum and from 99.1 to 100% for A. ceylanicum. Haplotype network analysis revealed eight haplotypes for A. caninum and six for A. ceylanicum. Genetic diversity correlated with geographic distance for A. caninum isolates, with Asian populations exhibiting high haplotype diversity but low nucleotide diversity. Neutrality indices suggested population stability for A. caninum and expansion for A. ceylanicum. Continent-wise analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that 52.66% of the variation occurred within A. caninum populations, while 47.34% occurred between populations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlighted the genetic diversity and molecular epidemiology of hookworms in wild felids.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"195"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11929282/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143676799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interstellar encounter: Postmortem imaging and virtopsy on a preserved anencephalic Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin specimen after 30 years.","authors":"Tommaso Gerussi, Tabris Yik To Chung, Henry Chun Lok Tsui, Winnie Chiu Wing Chu, Chi Kin Wong, Pui Ki Siu, Paolo Martelli, Brian Chin Wing Kot","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04534-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04534-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anencephaly is a deadly type of cephalic axial skeletal and neural disorder with a multifactorial aetiology that causes the failure of the rostral neuropore closure, compromising the formation of the neural folds, basicranium, and neurocranium. In cetaceans, there is only one report of this fetal abnormality, dated in late 1991, in a male stillborn Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus) and diagnosed using transabdominal ultrasonography on its mother that was kept under human care in the Ocean Park Corporation. After birth, physical and general radiographic examination showed kyphosis of the cervical and lordosis of the thoracic vertebrae, narrowed triangular skull base, thickening of an undersized maxilla, cranial vault defect including the absence of the bones constituting the roof of the cranial cavity. The stillborn was then fixed in formalin for future research.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>The preserved dolphin specimen was further investigated using different advanced radiological and imaging techniques postmortem, including 3D surface scanning (3DSS), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The scans were then used to conduct virtual necropsy (virtopsy) for detailed gross morphological analyses of the malformation. CT confirmed the total absence of the interparietal bone but also revealed the presence of greatly reduced other bones. The reduction of the parietal and occipital bone resulted in a large cranial vault defect instead of the interfrontal and fronto-occipital sutures. MRI showed the remaining of the optic and vestibulocochlear nerve which suggests the condition of human meroanencephaly.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In summary, this study reported the importance of the use of advanced radiological and imaging tools in rare and complex malformations such as anencephaly in a stillborn cetacean. Although the malformation was diagnosed using prenatal transabdominal ultrasonography, it was later confirmed revealing new insights using virtopsy. Although ultrasound is an established method to monitor pregnancy, fetal growth and wellbeing, virtopsy provided a more accurate characterization of the bone and neural malformations postmortem. This example highlighted the importance of using virtopsy as a postmortem technique to understand the nature and characteristics of pathologies in cetaceans.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"189"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143668609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunohistochemical analysis of smooth muscle actin and CD31 in feline post-injection site fibrosarcomas: association with tumour grade, vascular density, and multinucleated giant cells.","authors":"Mateusz Mikiewicz, Iwona Otrocka-Domagała","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04637-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04637-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Multinucleated giant cells are commonly observed in various malignancies; however their clinical and biological significance remains largely unexplored and it has been hypothesised that the cells may play a role in vascular mimicry, tumour progression and tumour survival. This study aimed to investigate the expression of smooth muscle actin and CD31 in feline post-injection site fibrosarcomas, focusing on relationships between multinucleated giant cells presence, tumour grade, and vascular density to elucidate their potential role in tumour progression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 61 feline post-injection site fibrosarcomas, histologically graded into grades I, II, and III, were examined immunohistochemically. Smooth muscle actin immunoreactivity was detected in 57/61 (93.4%) cases. Multinucleated giant cells expressing CD31 were identified in 39/61 (63.9%) cases, predominantly in high-grade tumours, with a correlation observed between multinucleated giant cell presence, tumour grade, and mitotic index. Vascular density differed across tumour grades. A negative correlation between vascular density, tumour grade and necrosis score was identified. Additionally, a negative correlation was observed between multinucleated giant cells presence and vascular density.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings suggest a complex tumour microenvironment in which multinucleated giant cells and vascular mimicry may facilitate tumour survival under hypoxic conditions, potentially contributing to an aggressive tumour phenotype.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"191"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927333/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143676802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards mHealth applications for pet animal owners: a comprehensive literature review of requirements.","authors":"Laura Haase, Brita Sedlmayr, Martin Sedlmayr, Dagmar Monett, Julia Winter","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04658-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04658-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Veterinarians experience high workloads and stress levels in their daily work, of which they need to be relieved as much as possible. The general public is showing great interest in digital health services. At the same time, animal owners and veterinarians are seeing telehealth services as particularly positive for triage aspects in veterinary medicine. One approach to support veterinarians may be to enable pet owners to, for instance, make informed decisions on how urgent their animal needs to be examined by a veterinary professional through an mHealth application. For this, stakeholder requirements need to be gathered, which should provide as a starting point for the development of such a decision support system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>955 publications were screened, resulting in the extraction of 10 requirements to mHealth applications for animal owners from 13 publications. Most frequently mentioned aspects were: ensuring complete information input by the user (6 mentions) and displaying a disclaimer about application limitations prominently (5 mentions).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Most of the extracted requirements focus on the design of the human-computer interface, revealing this as a crucial point to such applications, especially in guiding animal owners through information and ensuring understanding, particularly of application limitations. However, the small number of included publications shows that primary research in this field, in general, and in this specific topic in particular, is needed in order to fully reflect the requirements for an mHealth application to help animal owners decide on their animal's need to be examined by a veterinary professional.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"190"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143676640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of enriching heat-stressed rabbit diets with flaxseed oil with/ without allicin, lycopene, or Punicalagin on antioxidative status, physiological response and meat omega-3.","authors":"Yassmine M El-Gindy","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04615-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04615-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To improve the health and lifespan of customers, modern nutritionists have focused on improving meat quality and nutritional value. To enhance the unsaturation lipids of rabbit meat, different oil sources used in rabbit diets. Flaxseed oil (FSO) is one way to raise the polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid (ω3) in animal meats. On the other hand, FSO can cause high rates of oxidation in rabbit meat under heat stress. Therefore, the use of natural antioxidants may be a good strategy to produce functional meat under stress. The study investigated the beneficial impact of enriching heat stressed rabbit diets with FSO supplemented with/without allicin (ALC), lycopene (LCO) or punicalagin (PCA) during the last 3 weeks before slaughter at a ban temperature ranging from 30 to 35 C, humidity 70 to 82% and temperature humidity index of 27.9 to 31.2 on growth performance, antioxidative status, physiological response, liver and kidney function and ω3 & ω6. In total, 120 male V-line growing rabbits (5 weeks old) were divided into 5 groups, 24 rabbits each. CON rabbits fed a standard diet without supplementation, FO rabbits fed a diet with 1.5% FSO, FOA rabbits fed a diet with 1.5% FSO and 100 mg / kg of ALC diet, FOL rabbits fed a diet with 1.5% FSO with 100 mg LCO / kg of diet, FOP rabbits fed a diet with 1.5% FSO with 100 mg PCA / kg of diet. All treatments with flaxseed oil supplemented with antioxidants significantly elevated ω3 content and ratio between ω3/ω6 of rabbit meat (P ≤ 0.01) while concomitantly reducing total cholesterol without any significant change in physiological response (rectum temperature and respiration rate). Furthermore, these treatments markedly improved antioxidant status, as evidenced by increased total antioxidant capacity and decreased lipid peroxidation. Additionally, serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) significantly (P ≤ 0.01) elevated in FOA, FOL and FOP rabbits compared to the CON group. Supplementation with ALC, LCO and PCA could be recommended to restrain the results of oxidative stress results of enriched diets with ω3 and heat stress to provide healthier and functional rabbit meat (rich in ω3).</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"187"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11924766/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143668612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the role of synanthropic filth flies in the transmission of zoonotic parasites: field and laboratory evidence from different animal rearing sites in upper Egypt with focus on Cryptosporidium spp.","authors":"Omaima Ragab AbdAllah, Refaat M Gabre, Sara Abdelaal Mohammed, Ahmed Mohamed Korayem, Hala E Hussein, Alzahraa Abdelraouf Ahmad","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04627-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04627-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Synanthropic filth flies thrive in human and animal habitats, posing health risks through the transmission of infectious agents. They breed on organic waste, including animal feces, making them carriers of various pathogens. In Egypt, where livestock farming is common and poor sanitation, these flies may contribute to zoonotic disease transmission. The current study investigates parasitic infections in filth flies from three livestock farms in Assiut Governorate, Upper Egypt, highlighting their role as vectors for zoonotic infections, particularly Cryptosporidium, via morphological and molecular tools.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 12,749 flies were collected from the study sites via sweep nets. After taxonomic identification, the flies were examined microscopically for parasites using various concentration and staining techniques. Positive samples were further confirmed for infections, particularly for Cryptosporidium parasites, via nested PCR and sequence analysis targeting the COWP and SSU rRNA genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study revealed the presence of several fly species from seven dipteran families, particularly the family Muscidae, primarily Musca domestica, which presented a high parasite infestation rate of 96.6%. This study revealed a high prevalence of various protozoans and helminths in the collected flies. Cryptosporidium was the most prevalent parasite (64.4-100%), infecting all fly species. Entamoeba and Balantidium were also significant, especially in M. domestica (22.6-90.1%, 8.9-100%), Fannia canicularis (10.5-74.4%, 44.2-88.2%), and Borborillus vitripennis (11.1-50%, 37.2-91.4%). Giardia, Trichuris, and Trichostrongylidae had low to moderate prevalence in multiple fly species. Mites are commonly detected on fly exoskeletons, with high infestation rates observed in Musca domestica (77-100%) and Physiphora alceae (66.7-100%). The present study also reported sporadic infections with Trichomonas, Toxocara vitulorum, and pseudoscorpions, along with notable midge larval infestations (52.1%), mainly at site B. Parasitic infections were highest in autumn and spring, with the lowest rates in winter. Molecular identification confirmed the presence of the zoonotic species Cryptosporidium parvum and Cladotanytarsus gedanicus.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study revealed that zoonotic parasites exist in flies and pose potential risks when they are found near humans. Cryptosporidium parvum is the prevalent parasite causing diarrhea outbreaks in animals. This is the first genetic evidence of Cladotanytarsus gedanicus midge from Upper Egypt.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"188"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11924607/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143668672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dairy cattle welfare: knowledge, attitudes and practices of stockpeople from Midlands Province-Zimbabwe's large-scale dairy farms.","authors":"Zivanayi Matore, Pamela Woods, Tonderai Mutibvu","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04646-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04646-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Welfare of dairy animals and consequently their health and productivity is influenced by numerous factors such as the quality and quantity of supplement, health care given to animals, and stockpeople Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) on animal welfare. A lot of studies have been conducted to evaluate the influence of most of the above factors on welfare of dairy animals, but very little studies focused on the influence of stockpeople KAPs of animal welfare. However, given the growing demand for milk and dairy products and the increasing global demand for animal products that are produced in an animal welfare friendly environment there is potential benefit of studying the KAPs of stockpeople towards the welfare of dairy animals. Herein, a cross sectional study involving 93 stockpeople from the 31 large-scale dairy farms in Midlands Province, Zimbabwe was conducted to determine their KAPs on animal welfare. Results of this study revealed that 67% of the stockpeople could not define animal welfare and this was significantly associated with the stockperson's level of education (χ2 = 12.54, df = 3, p = 0.006). Only 14% of the stockpeople interviewed always talked to dairy animals when handling them and this was correlated with gender (p < 0.001). About 20% of the stockpeople responded positively to touching the dairy animals when handling them and this was associated significantly with the stockperson's gender (p = 0.005). On a more positive note when stockpeople were asked to respond to whipping of animals when driving them, about 90% of the stockpeople said they never whip animals when handling or driving them. It is recommended that further studies be done to find out better and more effective ways of teaching animal welfare concepts and practices. These approaches of teaching animal welfare to stockpeople should take into account the stockpeople's cultural, religious and education backgrounds. Stockpeope due to their low renumeration may also prioritise animal welfare attributes that directly impact on production such as hunger and thirst as well freedom from diseases pain and injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"186"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11924772/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143662396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Doppler velocimetry of the middle cerebral artery and basilar artery in clinically healthy dogs of different age groups.","authors":"Tamiris Disselli, Denise Jaques Ramos, Luiz Paulo Nogueira Aires, Diego Rodrigues Gomes, Diana Villa Verde Salazar, Stéfany Tagliatela Tinto, Ricardo Andres Ramirez Uscategui, Igor Cezar Kniphoff da Cruz, Marcus Antônio Rossi Feliciano","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04644-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04644-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Transcranial Doppler ultrasound is a low-cost test that provides real-time information on brain hemodynamics and makes it possible to detect and monitor hemodynamic disorders non-invasively by calculating Doppler velocimetric values. In veterinary literature, studies related to this diagnostic tool are still scarce, with most dating back more than a decade and very few involving the Doppler study of the arterial circle. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate qualitatively (color Doppler and spectral classification) and quantitatively (pulsed Doppler) the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and basilar artery (BA) of clinically healthy dogs of different age groups to determine normal hemodynamic values and their relationship with the age of the animals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The end-diastolic velocity (EDV) and peak systolic velocity (PSV) values differed between young, adult, and elderly dogs for the right MCA and BA, and the left MCA, respectively (p < 0.05). No differences were observed in the resistivity and pulsatility indices between the three age groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Doppler velocimetric flow velocities of right and left middle cerebral artery (RMCA and LMCA) and basilar artery (BA) vary with advancing age in clinically healthy dogs. Therefore, care must be taken while evaluating cerebral hemodynamic indexes in normal as well as diseased dogs belonging to different age groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"183"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921749/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143662397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment and characterization study of ovine mammary organoids.","authors":"Rui Feng, Sijia Ma, Ruixue Bai, Yijing Zhu, Sarengele, Jingru Ning, Quanzhong Xu, Chunwei Wang, Lequn Wang, Chao Bian, Zhong Zheng, Pengfei Shou, Liguo Zhang, Xiaohu Su","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04657-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04657-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The study of ovine lactation and mastitis is limited by the lack of physiologically relevant in vitro models. Compared to mammary epithelial cells, mammary gland organoids (MaOs) offer a better model for studying lactation, as they more accurately replicate the tissue structure and interactions of cells in vivo. Here, we optimize a protocol for the isolation, culture, characterization, and transfection of ovine MaOs derived from ewe mammary tissue.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We compared different enzymatic digestion methods and found that type IV collagenase digestion for 60 min yielded the highest number of MaOs compared to a mixed enzyme solution of type II collagenase and hyaluronidase. Culture medium optimization revealed that medium B supported superior growth, with increased budding structures, a higher number of MaOs over time, and a greater proportion of EdU-positive proliferating cells compared to media A and C. Cell-type characterization confirmed the presence of both luminal and myoepithelial cells, as shown by RT-PCR analysis of CK14, CK18, and CK7 expression, and further validated by immunofluorescence staining for CK14 and CK18. MaOs in medium B exhibited significantly higher mRNA expression levels of milk lipid metabolism-related genes (XDH, FABP3, SREBP1), lactose metabolism-related genes (GLUT1, GLUT4), and milk protein synthesis genes (EIF4E, CSN2) at multiple time points. In all media, XDH, FABP3, SREBP1, GLUT1, GLUT4, EIF4E, and CSN2 mRNA expression peaked at Day 7 before declining. Additionally, at Day 7, supernatant analysis confirmed that triglyceride, lactose, and CSN2 concentrations were significantly elevated in medium B compared to media A and C. Finally, we demonstrated that the ovine MaOs could be transfected using electroporation with 27.3% becoming GFP-positive.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study establishes a protocol for the isolation, culture, characterization, and genetic manipulation of ovine MaOs. These organoids serve as a physiologically relevant model for studying the regulatory mechanisms of lactation and mastitis in sheep, providing a tool for future research in veterinary and agricultural sciences.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"184"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143662398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of Abortion-Related infectious diseases and associated risk factors among Brucellosis-free herds in Northern central Algeria.","authors":"Fatima Yahiaoui, Moustafa Kardjadj, Sarah Mohammedi, Meriem Hind Ben-Mahdi","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04655-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04655-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cattle abortion, which may be caused by different infectious agents, harms milk and meat production, animal health, and ultimately rural economies. Despite the existence of a national control program for cattle brucellosis since 1995, abortion remains a major concern for cattle breeders in Algeria even among officially recognized cattle Brucellosis-free herds. The objective of this study is to investigate i: the abortion rate among officially recognized cattle Brucellosis-free herds, ii: the seroprevalence of some abortive infectious agents within cattle Brucellosis-free herds, iii: evaluate the abortion risk factors associated with the seropositivity of the investigated abortive agents among brucellosis cattle-free herds.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The present study reveals an abortion rate at the herd and the individual level of 47, 36% (20/38) and 29, 06% (50/172) respectively. Herd seroprevalences were as follows: neosporosis (31,57%), toxoplasmosis (28,94%); chlamydiosis (Chlamidophila abortus) (15,78% ); Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) (47,36%); Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) (60,52%) and infectious bovine rinotracheitis (IBR) (42,10%). The risk factor analysis using a multivariable logistic regression model at the herd level showed that seropositivity to neosporosis (OR = 1, 11, CI: [0,85 - 1,19]); toxoplasmosis (OR = 1,95, CI: [1,22 - 2,84]); IBR (OR = 1,78, CI: [1,59 - 2,79]); BVD (OR = 1,65, CI: [1,86 - 3,43]); Q fever (OR = 1,51, CI: [1,42 - 2,53]) is a risk factor for abortion. Additionally, our findings reveal that the presence of co-infection is also a risk factor for abortion among Algerian Brucellosis-free herds. The risk for abortion at the herd level was 1,41 times higher for double and triple-infected herds and 1,65 times higher for quintuple-infected herds compared to negative. Moreover, managerial factors, such as hygiene practices on farms, the presence of primiparous cows, and mixed breeding livestock, were identified as additional risk factors for abortion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on these results, particular attention should be given to the studied abortive agents to strengthen the prevention and control plan. Furthermore, establishing some preventive measures such as quarantine and biosecurity could help reduce infections in dairy farms.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"185"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921590/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143662351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}