BMC Veterinary Research最新文献

{"title":"Pet caregiver burden in South Korea: key influences and the implications for veterinarians.","authors":"Seola Joo, Hyomin Park, Myung-Sun Chun","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04787-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04787-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The \"caregiver burden\" experienced by pet owners arises from the challenges and strains of caregiving, reflecting the complex relationship between humans and their pet animals and significantly impacting the quality of life of both humans and pets. This study aimed to quantitatively analyze the caregiver burden among South Korean pet owners and examine the various factors contributing to its formation.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>A total of 766 dog and/or cat owners who identified themselves as primary caregivers were recruited through an online research panel. Participants completed questionnaires assessing pet and owner characteristics, including pet health status, attachment to the pet, caregiving support from family or others, and veterinary services. Statistical analyses, including regression analysis, were conducted using SPSS version 26.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The final regression model identified several factors associated with higher caregiver burden, including younger age (of both the pet and caregiver), caregiver gender (male), pet health status (acute or curable condition), level of support from others (lower emotional but higher financial and practical support), and higher frequency of veterinary communication for pet care. While strong attachment to pets may help alleviate caregiver burden, its effects are complicated and require careful consideration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pet caregiver burden is shaped by a combination of pet-related, individual, and contextual factors. This study highlights the need for a relationship-centered approach to veterinary care that addresses the unique challenges faced by caregivers to enhance caregiver well-being and optimize pet welfare.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"331"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12063424/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143954005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum aluminum in 176 feline patients with application to the diagnostic approach to a tremoring patient with kidney disease receiving aluminum hydroxide therapy.","authors":"Rachel Sheffler, Stephanie Karpf, Sarah Rebolloso, Vicki Miksicek, John P Buchweitz, Birgit Puschner","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04788-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04788-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Control of circulating phosphorus concentrations in patients with chronic kidney disease is a mainstay of treatment and may include use of aluminum hydroxide as an intestinal phosphate binder. Serious complications of excess aluminum reported in dogs and man include encephalopathy, microcytic anemia, osteomalacia, and regional myopathy at serum concentrations exceeding 100 ng/mL. Reports of aluminum toxicosis are not available for cats receiving aluminum hydroxide and circulating aluminum concentrations are poorly characterized. The aim of this study is to establish therapeutic and toxic serum aluminum concentrations in cats and apply this data to an intoxication case.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of cats with CKD who received aluminum hydroxide, 9/21 serum samples exceeded aluminum concentrations of 100 ng/mL. After removal of outliers, 18 cats with kidney disease who received aluminum hydroxide had mean serum aluminum concentrations of 69 ng/mL [95% CI: 42-97 ng/mL], which was significantly higher than mean aluminum concentrations in cats not receiving aluminum hydroxide (p = 0.0034). The mean aluminum concentration of 141 feline serum samples not receiving aluminum hydroxide was 29 ng/mL [95% CI: 24-33 ng/mL]. Of the 141 samples, 16 cats presenting for wellness or dental procedures had mean concentrations of 36 ng/mL [95% CI: 15-56 ng/mL]. This data was applied to a case of a 16-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair with IRIS stage 2 chronic kidney disease with a 7-month history of mild hindlimb weakness and intermittent right forelimb myoclonus. The patient received oral aluminum hydroxide, and the serum contained 376 ng/mL of aluminum suggestive of toxicosis. Resolution of clinical signs was noted following a switch to an aluminum-free phosphate binding medication, and, at 5-month follow-up, the serum aluminum concentration was 71 ng/mL.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our data suggest that serum aluminum concentrations in cats exceeding 86 ng/mL can result in clinical aluminum toxicosis and is comparable to the 100 ng/mL toxic threshold described in humans. The data provided facilitate the diagnostic assessment of cats receiving aluminum hydroxide supplementation. Veterinarians must recognize the toxic effects of aluminum and pursue diagnostic testing in suspect cases to mitigate invasive and costly workup for aluminum-associated clinical signs or euthanasia due to deterioration of these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"327"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12060314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143962751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep learning-based evaluation of the severity of mitral regurgitation in canine myxomatous mitral valve disease patients using digital stethoscope recordings.","authors":"Soh-Yeon Lee, Sully Lee, Se-Hoon Kim, HyeSun Chang, Won-Yang Cho, Min-Ok Ryu, Jihye Choi, Hwa-Young Yoon, Kyoung-Won Seo","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04802-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04802-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) represents the most prevalent cardiac disorder in dogs, frequently resulting in mitral regurgitation (MR) and congestive heart failure. Although echocardiography is the gold standard for diagnosis, it is an expensive tool that involves significant clinical training to ensure consistent application. Deep learning models offer an innovative approach to assessing MR using digital stethoscopic recordings, enabling early screening and precise prediction. Thus, in this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of a convolutional neural network 6 (CNN6) in providing an objective alternative to traditional methods for assessing MR. This study, conducted at the Seoul National University Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital, included 460 dogs with MMVD, classified according to the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine guidelines. Phonocardiogram signals were recorded using digital stethoscopes and analyzed using the deep models CNN6, patch-mix audio spectrogram transformer (PaSST), and residual neural network (ResNET38), which were trained to categorize MR severity into mild, moderate, and severe based on MINE score. Performance metrics were calculated to evaluate model effectiveness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The CNN6-Fbank model achieved an accuracy of 94.12% [95% confidence interval (CI): 94.11-93.12], specificity of 97.30% (95% CI: 97.30-97.34), sensitivity of 94.12% (95% CI: 93.74-94.50), precision of 92.63% (95% CI: 92.29-92.97), and F1 score of 93.32% (95% CI: 93.05-93.59), outperforming the PaSST and ResNet38 models overall and demonstrating robust performance across most metrics.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Deep learning models, particularly CNN6, can effectively assess MR severity in dogs with MMVD using digital stethoscope recordings. This approach provides a rapid, noninvasive, and reliable adjunct to echocardiography, potentially enhancing diagnosis and outcomes. Future studies should focus on broader clinical validation and real-time application of this technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"326"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12060408/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143972567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal immunization strategies for Saanen goats against goatpox.","authors":"Hossein Esmaeili, Seyed Mehdi Joghataei, Zeinab Hamidiya, Ehsan Baghal Arani, Amir Pasha Shakeri, Zia Nosrat Rad, Mohammad Mahdi Safari","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04783-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04783-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Goatpox is a highly contagious disease caused by the Capripoxvirus, primarily affecting sheep and goats. Breeds like the Saanen are particularly vulnerable, especially in enzootic areas, and face risks not only from the disease itself but also from adverse reactions to live attenuated vaccines. This study compares inactivated and attenuated vaccines to find the safest and most effective vaccination strategy for Saanen goats against the Goatpox Virus (GTPV). In this study, 375 pure-breed Saanen goats were strategically divided into four groups to explore the most effective vaccination protocols for combating combinations of vaccines. In contrast, one group remained unvaccinated as a control. After vaccination, the goats were challenged by exposure to naturally infected animals to assess the vaccines' protective efficacy. PCR assays and the Virus Neutralization method were also conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Group G1 exhibited no adverse reactions following two inactivated vaccines, with only mild and brief signs observed in a small number of goats (2%) after the live attenuated vaccine. Group G2, which received an inactivated vaccine followed by a live attenuated vaccine, had mild lesions in 18.66% of the goats after vaccination. In contrast, Group G3, which only received the live attenuated vaccine, showed a high morbidity rate of 82% and a mortality rate of 22%, with severe clinical signs and Pox lesions. Following the challenge, no signs of GTPV infection were observed in Groups G1, G2, and G3, whereas the control group exhibited 100% morbidity and 72% mortality, confirming the vaccine's protective efficacy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study found that a protocol using two inactivated vaccine doses at one-month intervals, followed by a live attenuated vaccine and annual boosters, effectively immunizes vulnerable breeds against GTPV without causing adverse reactions. This approach prevents complications and supports breeding in GTPV-enzootic regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"328"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12060465/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143954092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regenerative potential of graphene oxide-chitosan nanocomposite combined with fetal bovine serum on healing of full-thickness skin wound in rats.","authors":"Kamal H Hussein, Mahmoud Soliman, Mahmoud S Sabra, Hani Nasser Abdelhamid, Mahmoud Abd-Elkareem, Ahmed Abdelrahiem Sadek","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04721-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04721-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Delayed wound closure and non-healing wounds represent a problematic condition with health burden and an economic challenge. Therefore, different strategies have been developed, including skin tissue engineering, which aims to stimulate and support the wound healing process. In this study, the potential of graphene oxide (GO) and chitosan (CTS) biomaterial composite, with and without fetal bovine serum (FBS), was investigated to induce a full-thickness skin wound repair in rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The GO-CTS composite was characterized using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transforms infrared. Cytocompatibility was evaluated via an MTT assay with human endothelial cells (ECs) and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) in vitro. The in vivo wound regeneration potential was assessed by creating an 8 mm full-thickness circular skin defect on the dorsal surface of the rat. The defects were randomly divided into control, GO-CTS, FBS, and GO-CTS/FBS groups, and were monitored grossly and histologically at days 7 and 21 after wound induction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The GO-CTS material demonstrated high cytocompatibility, with cell viability recorded at 99.2% ± 5.7% for ECs and 110.5% ± 3.9% for MEFs. The highest proliferation rates were observed in the FBS (118.2% ± 2.1%) and GO-CTS/FBS (121.4% ± 4.4%) groups. In vivo, wound closure rates on day 21 were 85.5% ± 0.56% for GO-CTS, 87.5% ± 1.75% for FBS, and 91.5% ± 1.03% for GO-CTS/FBS, all significantly higher than the control group. Additionally, neovascularization, epithelialization, collagen deposition, and granulation tissue formation were more prominent in the treated groups, with skin appendages observed in the GO-CTS/FBS group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>GO-CTS nanosheets with FBS represent a promising biomaterial for skin tissue engineering and can effectively initiate and support wound healing.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"324"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12057232/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143973426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative physiological and immunological impacts of Moringa oleifera leaf and seed water supplements on African catfish (Clarias gariepinus): effects on disease resistance and health parameters.","authors":"Howyda G Gaber, Nehal A Younis, Sohair Y Saleh","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04717-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04717-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the differential effects of Moringa oleifera leaf and seed powders (0.8 g/L) as water supplements on the physiological and immunological responses of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) over six weeks. Leaf supplementation enhanced growth performance (final weight: 120.5 ± 0.7 g & gain% 65.2) and disease resistance, while seed supplementation elicited adverse physiological outcomes. Fish treated with seed powder exhibited reduced growth performance (gain % 11.2), elevated stress markers (glucose: 113.3 ± 3.8 mg/dL; cortisol: 27.4 ± 1.3 μg/dL), and compromised liver function (ALT: 30.2 ± 1.1 U/L; AST: 53.0 ± 1.6 U/L), evident through histological changes. Both treatments modulated immune responses, significantly upregulating pro-inflammatory serum cytokines (TNF-α, IL- 1β, IL- 6) and increasing gene expression in kidney and spleen tissues, with seeds group showing more pronounced elevations (TNF-α: 4.15-fold, IL- 1β: 3.15-fold in spleen) compared to moderate increases in leaves group (TNF-α: 2.48-fold, IL- 1β: 1.62-fold). Oxidant/antioxidant analysis revealed contrasting effects: leaf treatment enhanced superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) and reduced lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde (MDA), while seed treatment compromised SOD defense and increased oxidative biomarker (MDA). Upon challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila, leaf-treated fish maintained 100% survival, while seed-treated and control groups showed 85% and 60% survival rates, respectively. These findings underscore the potential of M. oleifera leaf powder as an effective water supplement for enhancing growth and disease resistance in aquaculture, while cautioning against the use of seed powder due to its adverse physiological effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"320"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12057289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143964066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional morphological study on the tongue of the adult Egyptian geese (Alopochen egyptiacus).","authors":"Fatma Abdelhakeem, Salma A Mohamed, Mohammed Abdelsabour-Khalaf, Soha Soliman, Kamal E H Abdalla","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04745-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04745-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The present investigation represents the first attempt to fully describe the morphology of the geese tongue. Tongue has an essential biological role in all vertebrates, it is considered a prehensive organ, as it is responsible for food collection, also aids in mastication and swallowing. Since the tongue morphology was varied among bird species linked to different reasons such as beak shape, environment, feeding habits and type of diet, that's why the purpose of this study was to investigate the morphology of the geese tongue in detail concerning its function.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Eleven adult healthy Egyptian geese of both sexes were used in this study, the heads of these birds were collected, and the tongue processed for gross investigation, morphometrical analysis, light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The morphology of geese's tongue was unique, had narrow elongated shape with round thin free apex, with ventral keratinized lingual nail and caudal torus linguae. The apex and body had two groups of different shaped and sized marginal lingual papillae. The rostral group was 9-10 narrow spaced small thin conical papillae with pointed apices on the lateral margin of the tongue apex. And the caudal group was 6-7 widely spaced large thorn like conical papillae, positioned on the lateral margin of the caudal portion of the lingual apex and the body. Geese's tongue supported with entoglossal bone that extended from apex tip to transverse row of papillae where articulate with basibranchial bone.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The collected data described that the geese tongue was elongated in shape, its dorsum covered with keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and had two groups of mechanical marginal papillae which were necessary for the herbivorous birds as geese, depended on grassing as feeding behavior. Besides keratinization is a sign of tongue modification protecting lingual tissue against hard food particles. Conducting morphological results about geese tongue offers guidance and insights for its adaptation function and the management of this bird species.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"325"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12057014/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143953989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deleting fis downregulates virulence and effectively protects Pasteurella multocida infection in mice.","authors":"Zhijie Wang, Siyu Liu, Muhan Xie, Zhengchun Lang, Xuan Zhang, Liang Luo, Guangfu Zhao, Nengzhang Li, Yuanyi Peng","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04769-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04769-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) is an important pathogen causing various diseases in both domestic and wild animals. The factor for inversion stimulation (Fis) is a nucleoid-associated protein with diverse functions in various bacteria, which positively regulate the transcription of capsular glycosaminoglycan genes in P. multocida. However, the precise mechanistic understanding of how the fis regulate virulence of P. multocida remains largely unknown. In this study, we discovered that fis transcript levels of P. multocida CQ2, serotype A (PmCQ2) were significantly increased in vivo, and showed a positive correlation with the capsule and virulence of P. multocida. To further understand how the fis regulated P. multocida pathogenesis, a homologous recombination strategy was used to generate fis-deleted strain. Then, the growth velocity, virulence characteristics, immune/inflammatory responses, and the survival rates of challenged mice were determined. The findings revealed that the presence of fis promoted the growth, regulated synthesis of capsule and biofilm of PmCQ2, and helped to resist phagocytosis by macrophages. Notably, we firstly demonstrated that Fis determined whether P. multocida can use bound iron ion for its survival. Consequently, the loss of fis greatly restricted P. multocida pathogenicity, as evidenced by reducing tissue bacterial loads as well as inflammatory factors levels. Moreover, the fis deletion strain was endowed with strong cross immunoprotected properties against P. multocida serotype A and B. Thus, these results suggested the pathogenic role of fis in P. multocida and proposed that fis deletion strain could be used as an attenuated vaccine candidate against P. multocida of serotype A and B.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"323"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12057170/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143965496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An efficient method for the selective isolation of feline herpesvirus 1(FHV-1) in feline calicivirus (FCV) coinfected specimens.","authors":"Huanqin Zheng, Hong Yue, Baoyan Wang, Xin Yu, Yang Liu, Jiayu Yu, Jianlong Zhang, Kexue Han, Yinuo Han, Hanfeng Su, Hongwei Zhu, Xingxiao Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04786-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04786-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1) and feline calicivirus (FCV) are the most common viral pathogens of feline respiratory disease and are highly prevalent in cats worldwide. Coinfection with these viruses is frequent in cats with feline respiratory disease complex (FRDC). It is difficult to isolate pure FHV-1 by conventional laboratory cell culture methods from specimens with FRDC, which brings great trouble to the epidemiological investigation of FHV-1.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>FCV polyclonal antibodies were obtained by immunizing rabbits, and the coinfected specimens were neutralized with FCV polyclonal antibodies. Then, virus isolation was performed. After several rounds of neutralization, FHV-1 was finally obtained.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The FCV polyclonal antibody was successfully obtained with neutralizing activities of 1:128, 1:537, and 1:91. After virus neutralization, the FHV-1 was successfully isolated from the coinfected cell culture suspension and confirmed by immunofluorescence and QRT-PCR.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, all FHV-1 present in the coinfection samples were isolated, without any cross-contamination. This method is also theoretically suitable for the isolation and purification of other FCV coinfections or contaminating disease substances.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"321"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12057004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143953045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a new method of selective dry cow treatment using microbiological culture and antibiogram results.","authors":"Hossein Navaei, Mehdi Vodjgani, Babak Khoramian, Vahid Akbarinejad, Faramarz Gharagozloo, Massoud Talebkhan Garoussi, Amir Momeni","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04767-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04767-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Due to financial issues and the rise in antimicrobial resistance, updating dry cow therapy (DCT) methods is still being researched by scientists worldwide. This investigation aimed to evaluate a new method of selective treatment by choosing an appropriate dry cow antimicrobial product for each cow based on the individual culture and antibiogram results and examining its effects on clinical and subclinical mastitis indices, cure rate, new infection rate, and milk yield during the first 30 days in milk (DIM).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 291 Holstein dairy cows were selected from three herds. These cows had a somatic cell count (SCC) > 200,000 (cells/mL) just before drying off, had positive composite milk culture results, and were gradually dried over five days. The milk samples were taken before drying off and on the day after calving (1 DIM) for microbial culture evaluation, as well as 3 days before drying off and between 3 and 7 days postpartum to evaluate SCC. The cows were randomly divided into two groups of control (n = 151) and treatment (n = 140). The control group included cows that were treated with dry cow antimicrobial products regardless of the pathogens involved in mammary infection, and the treatment group contained cows that received dry cow antimicrobial products based on the type of pathogen isolated during culture and the antibiogram results before drying off.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed that the cure rate in the treatment group was significantly better than that in the control group (P = 0.0006). In addition, the rate of new intramammary infections (IMI, P = 0.0006) and the rate of clinical mastitis (P = 0.015) decreased in the first 30 DIM in the treatment group. Nevertheless, the SCC and milk yield at the onset of subsequent lactation did not differ significantly between the control and treatment groups (P > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to the findings of our study, based on individual milk culture and antibiogram results, selectively treating cows with appropriate dry cow antimicrobial products had significant benefits for increasing the cure rate of pathogens, lowering the incidence of new IMIs, and minimizing the risk of clinical mastitis in the first 30 DIM.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"322"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12057017/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143973187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}