BMC Veterinary Research最新文献

{"title":"Hazardous effects of heavy metal pollution on Nile tilapia in the aquatic ecosystem of the Eastern Delta in Egypt.","authors":"Walaa M Shaalan","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04367-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-024-04367-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Heavy metal pollution threatens the biodiversity and ecological equilibrium of the Nile River. This study investigates the impact of heavy metal pollution on aquatic animals such as Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in the Damietta branch of the River Nile and El-Rayah El-Tawfeeky canal in Benha City in Egypt.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fish and water samples were collected from the Damietta branch and El-Rayah El-Tawfeeky during the fall of 2022. The concentrations of heavy metals in fish muscle tissues were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Histopathological examinations were performed on gill, liver, spleen, and muscle tissues, following standard histological procedures, to assess tissue damage and morphological alterations. Additionally, gene expression analysis was conducted using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to evaluate the expression levels of muscle growth (MyoD, IGF-1) and immune response (TNFa, IL6) genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Histopathological examinations revealed noteworthy alterations in tilapia gill, liver, spleen, and muscle, suggesting potential health risks. Gene expression analysis using Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) indicated significant changes in genes related to muscle growth (MyoD, IGF-1) and immune response (TNFa, IL6) in fish from the Damietta branch relative to fish of El-Rayah El-Tawfeeky.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings raise concerns about bioaccumulation of heavy, some of which surpass international safety limits, posing potential health risks to consumers. The study underscores the significance of continuous monitoring, utilizing chemical, histopathological, and molecular tools as bioindicators for environmental protection measures against aquatic pollution.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"585"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11681675/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142891961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Isolation and identification of the broad‑spectrum high‑efficiency phage vB_SalP_LDW16 and its therapeutic application in chickens.","authors":"Shengliang Cao, Wenwen Yang, Xihui Zhu, Cheng Liu, Jianbiao Lu, Zhenshu Si, Lanying Pei, Leilei Zhang, Wensi Hu, Yanlan Li, Zhiwei Wang, Zheyu Pang, Xijuan Xue, Yubao Li","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04453-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-024-04453-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"583"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11681731/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142891957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Black soldier fly larvae: a one health approach to investigate gut, and organ health and meat quality response in slow-growing chickens.","authors":"Edoardo Fiorilla, Ilario Ferrocino, Marta Gariglio, Francesco Gai, Valeria Zambotto, Laura Ozella, Irene Franciosa, Marzia Giribaldi, Sara Antoniazzi, Federica Raspa, Eleonora Erika Cappone, Dmitri Fabrikov, Sara Pozzo, Valentina Bongiorno, Alice Calissano, Dorotea Ippolito, Stefania Bergagna, Karthika Srikanthithasan, Claudio Forte, Maria Teresa Capucchio, Achille Schiavone","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04394-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-024-04394-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The inclusion of sustainable protein sources in poultry feed has become essential for improving animal welfare in livestock production. Black soldier fly larvae are a promising solution due to their high protein content and sustainable production. However, most research has focused on fast-growing poultry breeds, while the effects on native breeds, such as the Bianca di Saluzzo, are less explored. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of BSFL supplementation in the diet of slow-growing chickens, with a focus on growth, intestinal health and meat quality for final consumers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study demonstrated that Black soldier fly larvae supplementation, both in dehydrated and live form, improved growth performance, with an increase in final weights compared to the control group. No significant differences were found in feed conversion ratio, liver and spleen weight or histomorphometry between groups. Black soldier fly larvae supplementation did not negatively affect immune function or liver metabolism. Higher production propionic acid was detected in the black soldier fly larvae fed groups compared to the control, suggesting an effect on volatile fatty acid production. Gut microbiota analysis showed an increase in beneficial bacteria, such as Faecalibacterium, in the live larvae group. Furthermore, the meat fatty acid profile and atherogenicity and thrombogenicity indices did not undergo significant changes, implying a low potential risk to consumers' cardiovascular health.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Black soldier fly larvae supplementation in the diet of Bianca di Saluzzo improved growth without compromising animal health or meat quality. Moreover, the increase in beneficial volatile fatty acids and the modulation of gut microbiota suggest a positive impact on gut health. Finally, the absence of negative effects on meat lipid profiles confirms nutritional safety for consumers, making black soldier fly larvae a valid alternative in poultry feed. These results offer new perspectives for the use of Black soldier fly larvae in the nutrition of local breeds, contributing to sustainability in line with the One Health approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"580"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11674367/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142891956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic innovations in Equine Parasitology: a Nanogold-ELISA for sensitive serodiagnosis of migratory strongylus vulgaris larvae infections.","authors":"Hanadi B A Baghdadi, Mohamed Abdelsalam, Marwa M Attia","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04389-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-024-04389-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Strongylus vulgaris, a devastating parasitic nematode in equids, causes life-threatening verminous aneurysms that are challenging to diagnose early. This study pioneered integrating nanotechnology into an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA) system to enhance the sensitivity and specificity for detecting S. vulgaris larval antigens in equine serum samples, with PCR confirmation of the species. A conventional i-ELISA and an innovative nano-based ELISA were developed using excretory-secretory antigens from adult S. vulgaris worms. The nano-ELISA incorporated gold nanoparticles (17.4-41.4 nm) conjugated with detection antibodies, enabling remarkable signal amplification. Of the 120 examined equines, 100 (83.33%) were positive for S. vulgaris infection. A conventional i-ELISA and an innovative nano-ELISA incorporating 17.4-41.4 nm gold nanoparticles were optimized using S. vulgaris excretory-secretory antigens. Both assays demonstrated high specificity, with no cross-reactivity against sera from animals infected with other helminth parasites. Remarkably, optical density (OD) readings from both i-ELISAs exhibited a positive quantitative correlation with infection intensity. The i-ELISA OD ranged from 0.45-0.74 (G3), 0.75-0.94 (G2), to 0.95-2.5 (G1). The nano-ELISA showed enhanced signal amplification, with OD ranging from 0.40-0.84 (G3), 0.85-0.99 (G2), to 1.0-3.5 (G1). This nanotechnology-amplified ELISA opens new, highly sensitive, and specific techniques for parasitic diagnosis in equine medicine. Its superior performance, facilitated by signal-amplifying gold nanoparticles, illuminates nanotechnology's potential in revolutionizing parasitological diagnostics for enhanced animal health and welfare management.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"579"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11674170/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142891958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infection survey, molecular, pathogenicity, and morphological characteristics of Sarcocystis species naturally infected water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Egypt.","authors":"Lamiaa K Elsharkawy, Safaa M Barghash, Basma M Abou El-Nour, Wafaa Labib, Al-Shaimaa M Sadek","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04408-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-024-04408-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sarcocystosis is a parasitic disease found worldwide, resulting from various Sarcocystis species. The current research was carried out in three significant economic areas in Egypt: Greater Cairo, the Nile Delta, and Upper Egypt. It aimed to investigate the occurrence of Sarcocystis spp. in locally bred water buffaloes Bubalus bubalis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To achieve this objective, 317 buffalos were slaughtered in different slaughterhouses in various regions of Egypt. Samples of heart, skeletal muscle, esophagus, and tongue were assessed using macroscopic and microscopic tests. Examination methods included direct optical observation of tissues as well as digestion and examination of the sediment obtained from the tissues. Additionally, ultrastructural features were analyzed using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Molecular characterization was conducted through PCR, followed by nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 317 slaughtered buffaloes were examined for Sarcocystis during the period from September 2021 to October 2023. The prevalence of infection was recorded with 229 out of 317 (72.2%) infected with Sarcocystis spp. The results also showed that the prevalence of Sarcocystis species in females was higher than males. Based on the age of carcasses, adults (> 2 years) had a higher infection rate compared to young ones (< 2 years). Regarding seasonal variation, the highest prevalence of infection was recorded during the summer followed by spring, and then autumn, while winter had the lowest prevalence of infection. Additionally, the skeletal muscle was the most susceptible organ to sarcocystosis (87.3%) followed by the esophageal muscle (8.3%), the tongue (4.4%), and no infection in the heart muscle. The use of scanning and transmission electron microscopy allowed the identification of S. fusiformis and S. cruzi in buffaloes in Egypt. Furthermore, the Sarcocystis 18 S rRNA genes from skeletal tissue samples were cloned and sequenced under accession numbers OQ507387, OQ507388, and OQ507389 for S. fusiforms, and one OQ507391 for S. cruzi.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings revealed a notably high prevalence of Sarcocystis infection (72.2%) in buffaloes from Egypt, with skeletal muscle identified as the organ most susceptible to the parasite. Two Sarcocystis species were detected: S. fusiformis and S. cruzi.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"578"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11664923/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Partially substituting roughage with traditional Chinese herbal medicine residues in the diet of goats improved feed quality, growth performance, hematology, and rumen microbial profiles.","authors":"Yong Long, Naifeng Zhang, Yanliang Bi, Tao Ma, Pramote Paengkoum, Jiamin Xin, Wen Xiao, Yanpin Zhao, Chao Yuan, Defeng Wang, Yang Yang, Chaozhi Su, Yong Han","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04412-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-024-04412-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to reveal the effect of traditional Chinese herbal medicine residues (TCHMR) on growth performance, hematology, ruminal microbiota, and economic benefits of Guizhou black male goats through the fermented total mixed ration (FTMR) diet technique. A total of 22 Guizhou black male goats with an initial weight of 21.77 ± 0.85 kg were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 11), with 11 goats in each group. The control group (CON) was fed a traditional total mixed ration (TMR) diet without the TCHMR. The TCHMR group was fed an FTMR diet containing 40%TCHMR. Compared with the CON group, the results showed that the incorporation of TCHMR into goat diets reduced feeding costs and Feed conversion ratio (FCR). On the contrary, it improved (P < 0.01) feed quality, apparent digestibility of Dry matter (DM), Crude Protein (CP), Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), average daily gain (ADG), and dry matter intake. Interestingly, TCHMR also reduced (P < 0.01) acetate levels in the rumen of goats. Supplementally, TCHMR significantly increased (P < 0.01) the levels of GH, IgM, IgA (p < 0.05), and IFN-γ (P < 0.05), while significantly reducing (P < 0.01) the levels of IL-6, ALT, and AST in serum. Notably, at the phylum level, TCHMR significantly reduced (P < 0.01) the abundance of Bacteroidota and increased (P < 0.01) the abundance of Firmicutes. Moreover. at the genus level, TCHMR significantly reduced (P < 0.01) the abundance of Prevotella, F082, and Bacteroidales_RF16_group, while Muribaculaceae, Proteus, Lachnospiraceae_ND3007_group, and Ruminococcus were increased (P < 0.01). In conclusion, our current findings indicated that 40% TCHMR improved feed quality and the apparent digestibility of nutrients. Additionally, 40% TCHMR improved the growth performance and immunity of Guizhou black male goats, while also reorganizing the composition of ruminal microbiota. So far, under the conditions of this experiment, we have not found any negative effects of 40% TCHMR on goats. This study will be a new idea for developing feed resources, which will reduce environmental pollution and the cost of animal husbandry.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"576"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11664820/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sub-bandage pressure changes in canine hindlimbs after re-application of custom rigid fiberglass splints.","authors":"Brandon Thibodaux, Kendra Eginton, Wanda Gordon-Evans","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04437-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-024-04437-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While limited information is available, it is possible that high or low sub-bandage pressures cause injury with external coaptation. Fiberglass casting tape is a common splinting material that is custom made for the first bandage and reused in subsequent bandage changes. The aim of this preliminary study was to determine sub-bandage pressure changes in canine hindlimbs between initial splint placement and replacement of the bandage by a different person. The hypothesis was that there would be a clinically meaningful change in sub-bandage pressures with reapplication of the splint in at least one location. Sub-bandage pressures were measured at five different anatomic locations on each of 11 canine hind limbs with dogs standing and in lateral recumbency after customizing a fiberglass lateral tarsal splint for each dog. A second clinician then reapplied the bandage, reusing the same fiberglass splint. Second bandages failed if there was a change in pressure of 20 mmHg at any location.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten of 11 bandages failed (90%). All but one location failed due to increases in pressure. There were significant changes between lateral recumbency and standing pressures, but there was no consistent pattern of these changes among the dogs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There are changes in sub-bandage pressures when the splint is reused in 90% of bandages. In addition, changes in pressure occur unpredictably when transitioning from lateral recumbency to standing. Further study of the relationship of sub-bandage pressures to bandage complications is vital to help establish safe ranges and inform bandaging improvements.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"574"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11664813/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142875863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population pharmacokinetics modelling for clinical dose adjustment of carboplatin in dogs.","authors":"Jérémy Béguin, Sarra Mahfoudhi, Marie Uzel, Antoine Rostang, Catherine Ibish, Aude A Ferran, Ludovic Pelligand, Anne Hulin, Matthias Kohlhauer","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04404-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-024-04404-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Carboplatin is a human chemotherapeutic agent which is frequently used in dogs for the management of solid tumors. In human patient, its dosage is adjusted carefully, based on the creatinine clearance computation. In dogs however, the pharmacokinetics of carboplatin is poorly known and the dose 300 mg/m2 is based mostly on empirical data. Here, we aimed at characterizing the pharmacokinetics of carboplatin and determined the influence of several covariates, including creatinine plasma concentration and neutering status, in dogs, and used this model to predict myelotoxicity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixteen client owned dogs were included after carboplatin administration (300 mg/m²). For each animals, three to four plasma samples were collected and free plasma concentration of carboplatin was determined by HPLC/MS and analysed using Monolix® software with Non-linear mixed effect modelling. A mono-compartmental model best described the plasma concentration of carboplatin with log plasma creatinine concentration and sterilization status as covariates. After adjustment with the covariates, median population clearance was 3.62 [3.15 - 4.12] L/h/kg and volume of distribution was 3.93 [3.84 - 4.14] L/kg. The application of this model in 14 additional dogs demonstrates that individual drug exposure (model-predicted Area Under the Curve) predicted thrombocyte blood reduction (Pearson coefficient r² = 0.73, p = 0.002) better than dose after 14 days following administration of carboplatin.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on our results, plasma creatinine concentration and the sterilization status are relevant explanatory covariates for the pharmacokinetics variability of carboplatin in client owned dogs. Dose adjustment based on these parameters could represent a promising strategy for minimizing thrombocyte toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"575"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11664934/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial distribution of Q fever in sheep and goats of selective villages of Punjab Province, Pakistan.","authors":"Freeha Amin, Shahzad Ali, Ahmad Hassan, Imran Rashid, Heinrich Neubauer, Katja Mertens-Scholz","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04421-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-024-04421-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to assess the geographical distribution of Q fever in sheep and goats in different areas of Punjab, Pakistan. Three hundred blood samples of small ruminants including sheep and goats were collected from 60 villages of three districts (Okara, Kasur, and Pakpattan) of Punjab Province Pakistan and tested for the detection of anti-Coxiella burnetii antibodies using a commercial Indirect ELISA kit. Data related to sampling location, host species, gender, age, and GPS coordinates were collected for spatial analysis. A surface plot was created using inverse distance weight (IDW) by interpolation of the Aeronautical Reconnaissance Coverage Geographic Information system (Arc GIS). The district Kasur (14%) and the tehsil Chunian (24%) had the most prominent Q fever prevalence in both species. No ovine males were seropositive but 19.2% of male goats were seropositive. No samples of sheep younger than 1 year were found seropositive. Gender in sheep and age in goats have to be considered as significant risk factors based on multiple logistic regression analysis. Based on spatial analysis, seropositivity for C. burnetii antibodies was more likely observed in villages of tehsil Kasur, Pattoki, Okara, Depalpur, and Renala Khurd in the case of goats while in case of sheep villages of tehsil Chunian, Renala Khurd and Pakpattan. The main outcome of this study is that Q fever-specific antibodies of C. burnetii are prevalent in the goat and sheep populations of the study area and we have identified potential risk zones. The findings of this study can be used for the control of Q fever in small ruminants of the study area to minimize the risk of this zoonosis in other animals and the associated human population.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"577"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11665226/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early pregnancy diagnosis in cows using corpus luteum blood flow analysis based on colour Doppler ultrasonography and mRNA analysis.","authors":"Malshani De Silva, Devinda Wickramasingha, Nirodha Abayalath, Basil Alexander, Missaka Wijayagunawardane, Kai Fai Lee, Suranga Kodithuwakku","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04438-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-024-04438-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Reproductive efficiency is paramount in the dairy industry, where early pregnancy detection of dairy cows will allow to detect the non-pregnant animals early, thus enabling to re-synchronize them and getting them pregnant leading to decrease in calving interval, which, in turn, is critical for maximizing productivity and economic gain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the colour Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS) and peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs)-based pregnancy-associated biomarker mRNAs expression for the earliest detection of pregnancy status in the dairy cows at post insemination. Intensively managed animals were ovulation synchronized and subjected to timed artificial insemination (TAI). On day 20, corpus luteum blood flow (CLBF) was evaluated using CDUS in 30 cows. The percentage of the incoming blood flow (as an area) of the corpus luteum (CL) was determined using an image analysis software. On day 35, the same operator performed a final pregnancy diagnosis using transrectal ultrasonography to confirm the pregnancy. Blood samples were collected on day 20 and 28 after TAI for biomarkers analysis. The mRNA expression levels of ISG15, MX1, MX2, and PAG9 genes in PBLs were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The identified CLBF cutoff point resulted 100% sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) in determining non-pregnant status on day 20 in the cows. Overall, MX2 and ISG15 mRNAs showed the most significant (P < 0.05) expression levels in pregnant animals on day 20 and 28 compared to non-pregnant animals. Among them, MX2 showed the highest expression levels on both days, ascertaining it as the better candidate biomarker for the earliest identification of pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The CDUS-based CLBF analysis on day 20 after TAI can be potentially used for the early identification of non-pregnancy status in dairy cows and MX2 could be a potential mRNA candidate for the identification of pregnancy in cows. Further studies should be conducted in large scale to validate these findings due to the small sample number used in the current study.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"572"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11661188/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142871265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}