BMC Veterinary Research最新文献

{"title":"First report of molecular detection of chicken astrovirus (CAstV) in chicks affected with enteric disease in Ecuador through a fast RT-qPCR assay based on SYBR^® Green.","authors":"Silvana Santander-Parra, Claudete Astolfi-Ferreira, Anthony Loor-Giler, Nikolaos C Kyriakidis, Antonio J Piantino Ferreira, Luis Núñez","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04578-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04578-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chicken meat production has expanded considerably on a global scale due to its ease of production compared to other species. As a result, the prevalence of avian viruses has grown. Chicken astrovirus (CAstV), an RNA virus with roughly 7 kb in length that is disseminated globally and exhibits both horizontal and vertical transmission, is one of the most important enteric pathogenic avian viruses. CAstV and some enteric viruses' infections causes significant economic losses because they are associated with high mortality in chickens. CAstV cause a variety of pathologic changes such as runting and stunning syndrome, nephritis, and white chick syndrome, making early detection critical. For this purpose, the objective of this study was to determine the presence of CAstV in chickens affected with enteric disease through a fast RT-qPCR assay based on SYBR^® Green. For this, 120 samples of jejunum from seven-day-old chicks that succumbed to enteric disease characterized by pronounced lethargy, apathy, diarrhea and cloacal pasting were subjected to investigation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At necropsy, the intestines of all chicks appear pale and filled with yellow or green liquid content, thin wall and presence of gas; at the jejunum it was evidenced the presence of remanent yolk sac. The liver, kidneys, spleen did not show any alteration. CAstV RNA was detected and quantified in 85 samples, revealing significant levels (9.6 × 10^6) of CAstV gene copies. This indicates the presence of the virus in Ecuadorian chicks from a few days of age, suggesting vertical transmission and potential sources for the virus's dissemination. The phylogenetic analysis clustered all Ecuadorian sequences in one group related to sequences from India and Brazil. The comparison identity of NT sequences in part of Orf 1b gene showed 83.27 - 93.5% with other sequences of CAstV from India and Brazil. Additionally, the LoD and LoQ were determined in 10¹ gene viral copies. The standard curve showed an efficiency of 97.3% and a melting curve showed a single peak without any alterations and a melting temperature of 77.5 °C. The assay was specific for amplification of the CAstV genome and no amplification was shown from other viral genomes (aMPV, NDV, IBV, AReV, ARoV, ANV) or from the negative controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Presents, for the first time, the detection of CAstV in chicks suffering from enteric disease in Ecuador. It also demonstrates that the assay developed herein is an effective tool for the early detection and quantification of CAstV in diseased chickens, while being a reliable, specific, cost-effective, and rapid diagnostic method.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"220"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11956488/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histopathologic evaluation of skin wound healing due to local application of transdermal chitosan patch in combination with doxycycline, zinc nanoparticles, and selenium nanoparticles in mice.","authors":"Pegah Khosravian, Negin Motamedi, Moosa Javdani, Elham Moghtadaei Khorasgani","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04672-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04672-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this study is to compare the histopathological changes in experimental skin wound healing in mice treated with a topical application of chitosan combined with doxycycline, as well as zinc and selenium nanoparticles.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty mice with experimental skin wounds were divided into four equal groups: a control group with no therapeutic intervention, a CsD group receiving a transdermal patch containing doxycycline, a CsDZn group receiving a transdermal patch with chitosan-doxycycline-zinc nanoparticles, a CsZnS group receiving a transdermal patch with chitosan-zinc and selenium nanoparticles, and a CsDZnS group receiving a transdermal patch containing chitosan-doxycycline-zinc and selenium nanoparticles. After synthesizing and confirming the efficacy of the transdermal patches, we measured the wound area and histological indices of wound healing on the 7th and 14th days of the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the use of selenium and zinc nanoparticles leads to a decrease in the wound surface in the CsDZnS group compared to the control group and remaining experimental groups. A significant reduction in inflammation and hemorrhage was recorded in the CsDZnS group compared to other groups. On the seventh day of the study, angiogenesis in the CsDZnS group was higher than in the other groups. In addition, on the 14th day of the study, orientation of collagen fibers and re-epithelialization were more observed in the CsDZnS group compared to the other groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The chitosan skin patch containing doxycycline, zinc nanoparticles, and selenium nanoparticles (CsDZnS group) demonstrated the most effective results in skin healing, as evidenced by the highest control of inflammation on days 7 and 14, the greatest re-epithelialization on day 14, and the smallest wound area on both days compared to the other evaluated groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"221"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11956256/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Winged bean tuber as a novel alternative to corn meal in concentrate mixture in Thai native beef cattle diets.","authors":"Narirat Unnawong, Anusorn Cherdthong, Sompong Chankaew, Teppratan Rakvong, Chaichana Suriyapha, Chanon Suntara, Pin Chanjula, Pongsatorn Gunun, Nirawan Gunun, Sineenart Polyorach","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04684-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04684-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In times of high feed costs and severe feed competition, it is crucial to explore alternative feedstuffs. Identifying alternative feed sources is essential for developing cost-effective and sustainable solutions to address challenges in livestock production and economic constraints. This study evaluates the effects of replacing corn with different levels of winged bean tuber (WBT) in concentrate mixtures on feed intake, feed utilization, and rumen fermentation in Thai native beef cattle. Animals were randomly assigned to a 4 × 4 Latin square design, with WBT replacing corn in the concentrate mixture at levels of 0, 33, 67, and 100%.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Replacing corn with WBT (0-100%) in the concentrate diet did not affect (p > 0.05) dry matter, organic matter, or crude protein intake. However, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) intake increased linearly (p < 0.05) at 67% and 100% replacement levels. Although nutrient digestibility remained unchanged, ruminal pH, ammonia-nitrogen concentration, and protozoal population increased linearly (p < 0.05) at 67% and 100% WBT replacement levels. However, WBT replacement did not significantly affect blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations. As the level of WBT increased in the concentrate diet, the concentration of propionic acid (C3) increased, but the amount of acetic acid (C2) and the ratio of C2 to C3 decreased linearly (p < 0.05) without shifting the acetic concentration. Additionally, replacing corn with WBT in the concentrate diet had no effect on nitrogen balance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The WBT can be used as an alternative for corn grain up to 100% in ruminant diets without changing feed digestibility, the BUN, and nitrogen balance. It can also improve the fermentation characteristics in the rumen.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"230"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11956467/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Goose parvovirus, goose hemorrhagic polyomavirus and goose circovirus infections are prevalent in commercial geese flocks in Poland and contribute to overall health and production outcomes: a two-year observational study.","authors":"Magdalena Siedlecka, Monika Chmielewska-Władyka, Agata Kublicka, Alina Wieliczko, Anna Karolina Matczuk","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04653-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04653-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The intensification of poultry production and the constantly growing number of geese flocks in Poland increases the risk of infectious diseases. The study aimed to determine the health status of commercial geese, with particular emphasis on infections with goose parvovirus (GPV), goose circovirus and goose hemorrhagic polyomavirus. The study monitored 27 geese flocks, ranging in size from 3,000 to 13,000 birds, over a two-year period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed the presence of genetic material GPV in all flocks tested, whereas GoCV and GHPV were detected in some flocks, 44.4% and 59.3% respectively. A significant number of flocks were found to be co-infected with two (74.1%) and three viruses (22.2%). Additionally, a phylogenetic analysis of GPV and GHPV was conducted based on a fragment of the virus genome, while for GoCV the phylogenetic analysis was performed on whole genome. Analysis of the vp1 gene revealed that 30.8% of the sequences obtained belonged to a variant of the virus known as novel GPV, so far attributed to short beak and dwarfism syndrome in Pekin ducks. The majority of the GoCV genomic sequences exhibited high homology to the Polish sequence, which was previously isolated from domestic geese. Only one sequence was found to be closely related to sequences from wild birds.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our research indicates that viral and bacterial co-infections are a significant problem in flocks of geese. Rarely did a single factor have a clear impact on the health status of the flock. Typically, mixed viral infections, as well as bacterial complications (mainly Escherichia coli, less frequently Ehrysipelotrix rhusiopathiae, Gallibacterium anatis, and Salmonella Typhimurium), or fungal complications lead to an increase in mortality in the flock, growth diversification of birds, and thus a reduction in production rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"216"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11951593/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Pentatrichomonas hominis infection in wild rodents.","authors":"Yan Tang, Hai-Tao Wang, Jing-Hao Li, Qing-Yu Hou, Si-Yuan Qin, He Ma, Ya Qin, Quan Zhao, Hany M Elsheikha, Shuo Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04604-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04604-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pentatrichomonas hominis is a zoonotic pathogen linked to gastrointestinal diseases in various animal species and humans. However, its prevalence of in wild rodents remains unexplored. Therefore, investigating the prevalence and molecular characteristics of P. hominis in wild rodents is essential.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>M. Replace the crossed out sentence above with the following version:This study assessed the prevalence of P. hominis in wild rodents by analyzing 510 fecal samples using nested PCR. Statistical analysis of risk factors was performed with SAS (v9.0) and SPSS software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The infection rates were 18.18% (16/88) in Yunnan, 0.94% (3/319) in Hunan, and 0% (0/103) in Guangxi. Among the species, Rattus rattus sladeni had the highest infection rate at 40% (2/5), followed by R. flavipectus at 23.08% (9/39), while Niviventer lotipes (0%, 0/23) and R. losea (0%, 0/41) showed no infection. Seasonally, the highest prevalence was observed in autumn (18.18%, 16/88) and the lowest in winter (0%, 0/103). Rodents from farmland had significantly higher infection rates than mountain areas (0%, 0/103) and lakeshores (0.32%, 1/312). Although female rodents had a higher infection rate (4.62%, 11/238) compared to males (2.94%, 8/272), the difference was not statistically significant. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all P. hominis strains identified belonged to the zoonotic CC1 genotype.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study is the first to describe the distribution of P. hominis in wild rodents, paving the way for further epidemiological research on this parasite in wild animals. Such research is crucial for developing strategies to protect human health from zoonotic threats from wild rodents.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"218"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11951584/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of hunters' awareness of African swine fever in Samara Oblast, the Russian federation.","authors":"Glazunova Anastasia, Korogodina Elena, Lunina Daria, Bespalova Tatiana, Kustikova Olga, Gasanov Ruslan, Sevskikh Timofey, Krasnova Elena","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04664-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04664-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>African swine fever (ASF) continues to threaten the global pig industry, primarily due to the absence of effective treatments and vaccines, complicating disease management. Control measures depend on strict quarantine protocols, including culling infected animals and reducing wild boar populations. Effective ASF management in the wild involves controlling these populations, adhering to biosafety standards while hunting, identifying and safely disposing of boar carcasses, and isolating affected areas. Hunters are crucial for early ASF detection through both passive and active surveillance, influenced by their motivation and adherence to safety protocols.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A pilot survey among hunters in an ASF-affected Russian region assessed attitudes toward control measures. The results showed skepticism about the effectiveness of individual hunting bans and additional feeding sites, although measures preventing wild boar-domestic pig contact and banning wild boar meat harvesting in affected areas were favored. The survey results also revealed shortcomings in hunters' compliance with biosafety measures, such as disinfection methods, proper disposal of carcasses after butchering and lack of interaction with state veterinary services.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Evaluating hunters' perspectives and active involvement in control efforts are crucial for effective ASF management. Hunter surveys serve as valuable tools for gathering information and should be utilized globally to enhance ASF control and hunting season biosecurity.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"219"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11951740/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization and complexity of the immunoglobulin repertoire in the silver-black fox (Vulpes vulpes).","authors":"Xiaohua Yi, Yanbo Qiu, Puhang Xie, Shuhui Wang, Xiuzhu Sun","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04676-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04676-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immunoglobulins, a class of globulins with antibody properties, play a crucial role in the body's defense against pathogens. In this study, we analyzed the gene loci structure of Silver-black fox using a comparative genomics approach. The mechanisms of expression diversity and its preferences were investigated through Next-generation sequencing (NGS). The results revealed 32 potentially functional VH genes, 9 Vκ genes, 17 Vλ genes, 9 DH genes, 3 JH genes, 6 Jκ genes, and 11 Jλ genes, located on different scaffolds. Subsequently, 5'RACE and PE300 bipartite sequencing were used to obtain the reads of the expressed antibody repertoire of Silver-black foxes gene rearrangement events. The analysis indicated a strong preference in the use of V genes, DH genes and J genes by Silver-black fox. The main ways of expression diversity were V(D)J recombination and somatic hypermutation (SHM). The hypermutated region of SHM was not only concentrated in the CDR region but also had higher mutation rate in the FR region. The main types of SHM were G > A, C > T, T > C, and A > G. The findings of this study could serve as a theoretical foundation for a deeper understanding of Silver-black fox immunoglobulins, which is significant for enriching knowledge in immunogenetics and providing theoretical support for future studies on vaccine design for the Silver-black fox.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"214"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11951769/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a monoclonal antibody-based competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies against duck adenovirus 3.","authors":"Yun Lin, Yiwen Niu, Wenyuan Zhang, Weikang Wang, Quan Xie, Tuofan Li, Shengnan Wang, Hongxia Shao, Zhimin Wan, Aijian Qin, Jianqiang Ye","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04661-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04661-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Duck adenovirus 3 (DAdV-3), the emerging pathogen of a disease characterized by swelling and hemorrhage in liver and kidney, is widely distributed in China, resulting in serious economic losses to the duck farms. However, no vaccine is commercially available for the prevention of the disease. Thus, a precise and reliable diagnosis is of great value for the implementation of control measure to limit the spread of DAdV-3 infection. In this study, a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) was developed for detection of antibodies against DAdV-3.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the c-ELISA, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) 3D9, which was specific to Fiber-2 protein of DAdV-3, was labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and then used as secondary antibody. The cut-off value of the c-ELISA was determined as 18% using 48 clinical negative duck sera. The preliminary concordance evaluation based on 24 duck sera revealed that the results of the c-ELISA were highly consistent with those of indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). The cross-reactivity assessment showed that the c-ELISA only reacted with the positive sera against DAdV-3, but not with positive sera against other duck-associated viruses tested. The coefficients of variation of intra-batch and inter-batch assays were all below 10%, suggesting a good repeatability of the c-ELISA. Moreover, 133 duck sera from animal experiments in our laboratory were detected by c-ELISA and indirect ELISA. The results showed that the coincidence rate between the two assays was 90.98% (121/133) and the Kappa value was 0.815, revealing almost perfect agreement of the two assays.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In summary, the c-ELISA developed here was specific, repeatable and reliable. The minimal cross-reactivity and independence of species-specific enzyme-conjugated secondary antibody made the c-ELISA a promising tool for the clinical diagnosis, serological epidemiological investigation, and evaluation of vaccine immunogenicity to control the disease caused by the infection of DAdV-3.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"217"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11951781/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment strategies and antibiotic usage practices in mastitis management in Kenyan smallholder dairy farms.","authors":"Dishon M Muloi, Eugine L Ibayi, Sharon Nyotera, Hildah Kirimi, Abdullahi M Abdi, Silvester M Mutinda, Chemutai Abigael, Arshnee Moodley","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04662-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04662-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mastitis is a common driver of antibiotic use in dairy farms and is exacerbated in low-income settings by the lack of diagnostics and treatment strategies. We assessed the decision-making process of animal health providers (AHPs) in managing mastitis in small-holder dairy farms in Kiambu County, Kenya. Data were collected from 114 AHPs and using item response theory, scales were developed to measure attitudes toward udder health, and multivariable linear regression was used to analyse demographic factors associated with these attitudes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 90% of AHPs diagnose clinical mastitis based on clinical symptoms such as visible udder signs and milk changes, with little diagnostic testing support. Antibiotic treatment was initiated immediately after clinical examination by all, 80% and 50% of AHPs in severe, moderate, and mild mastitis cases, respectively. β-lactams (namely penicillins) and aminoglycosides which were administered mostly parenterally, were the frequently reported antibiotic classes used in treatment of mastitis irrespective of the severity. AHPs with a larger farmer client base and those who did not treat mild mastitis cases with antibiotics had significantly higher mean attitude scores. Treatment of mastitis is primarily based on clinical judgment, with limited microbiological diagnostic support, and parenteral antibiotics are used empirically as first-line therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We recommend development of mastitis management support tools such as treatment guidelines and advocate for adoption of routine on-farm rapid testing supported by bacterial culture to guide treatment decision making and antibiotic choice.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"212"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11951627/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143728365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and Validation of Genus/Species-Specific Short InDels in Dairy Ruminants.","authors":"Gianfranco Cosenza, Andrea Fulgione, Sara Albarella, Francesca Ciotola, Vincenzo Peretti, Daniela Gallo, Alfredo Pauciullo","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04694-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04694-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Over the past thirty years, the identification of species-specific molecular markers has significantly advanced our understanding of genetic diversity in both plants and animals. Among these, short InDels have emerged as vital genomic features, contributing more to sequence divergence than single nucleotide polymorphisms do in closely related species. This study aimed to identify specific InDels for Bos taurus, Bubalus bubalis, Capra hircus, and Ovis aries via an in silico approach and validated them in 400 individuals (100 for each species).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified and characterized short, specific InDels in the sequences of the CSN1S1, CSN1S2, MSTN, and PRLR genes, which can be used for species identification of Capra hircus, Ovis aries, Bos taurus, and Bubalus bubalis, respectively. We developed a Tetraplex Specific PCR assay to enable efficient discrimination among these species.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the utility of InDels as biallelic, codominant markers that are cost-effective and easy to analyse, providing valuable tools for genetic diversity analysis and species identification.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"215"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11951546/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}