BMC Veterinary Research最新文献

{"title":"Development and immunological evaluation of a multi-antigen recombinant adenovirus vaccine candidate against PRRSV and PCV2.","authors":"Yuwan Li, Junzhi Ji, Ke Wang, Zequn Wang, Jiawei Wan, Jiahao Zhong, Jin Feng, Jinding Chen, Shuangqi Fan, Keke Wu","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05819-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05819-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, a recombinant adenovirus vaccine candidate constructed and evaluated to addressed the widespread clinical problem of co-infections of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) and Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2). Epidemiological analysis revealed a PRRSV-positive rate of 40.8%, with prevalent strains belonging to Lineage 1 and Lineage 8. Analysis of key amino acid sites in the GP5 protein indicated the presence of highly virulent strain characteristics and widespread wild-type strain variation. Based on these findings and previous studies, we selected multiple PRRSV proteins (GP2-GP5, M, N) from multiple strains and the validated PCV2 Cap protein fused with dominant T/B cell epitopes, and successfully constructed four recombinant adenoviruses using a 2A peptide-linked strategy. These constructs stably expressed the target antigens in HEK293 cells and demonstrated good passage stability. Animal experiments showed that piglets immunized with the recombinant adenoviruses developed high levels of PRRSV- and PCV2-specific antibodies and neutralizing antibodies, and exhibited lymphocyte proliferation and secretion of cytokines including IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-4, indicating the vaccine simultaneously elicited both humoral and cellular immune responses. Following PRRSV challenge, immunized groups, particularly the multi-antigen combined immunization group, demonstrated significant clinical protection. This study provides a promising vaccine candidate and a theoretical foundation for the coordinated control of PRRSV and PCV2.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13528013/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148863603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of dietary chitosan supplementation on intestinal barrier function and growth performance in weaned piglets challenged by Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli.","authors":"Jiahao Liu, Simona De Blasio, Kunhong Xie, Xiang Li, Yuheng Luo, Ping Zheng, Xiangbing Mao, Hui Yan, Quyuan Wang, Liam Good, Ludovic Pelligand, Jun He","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05815-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-026-05815-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EHEC) is an important zoonotic pathogen that disrupts intestinal epithelial barrier integrity and induces excessive inflammatory responses, leading to impaired growth performance and intestinal injury. EHEC is also an important cause hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in children and older adults. In pig production, chitosan is considered a promising alternative to antibiotics due to its bioadhesive and antimicrobial properties, but the effects and underlying mechanisms of chitosan (COS) under pathogenic challenge remain to be elucidated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred and eight pigs were randomly divided into three treatment groups: an unchallenged control (CON), an EHEC-challenged control (ECON), and an EHEC-challenged group supplemented with 100 mg/kg COS (ECOS). Results show that EHEC challenge increased the feed conversion ratio (FCR), increased inflammatory cytokine levels, disrupted intestinal morphology, and downregulated tight junction and nutrient transporter gene expression (P < 0.05). Dietary COS supplementation decreased FCR during days 6-14 (P < 0.05) and tended to improve average daily gain (ADG) over the same period (0.05 < P < 0.10). Moreover, COS tended to decrease faecal shedding of total E. coli (P = 0.085) and EHEC, attenuated systemic inflammation by decreasing serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels, and enhanced humoral immunity as indicated by increased IgA and IgM concentrations (P < 0.05). Importantly, COS alleviated EHEC-induced intestinal injury by restoring villus height and villus-to-crypt ratio, with enhanced mucosal digestive enzyme activities, and upregulated expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and occludin) and nutrient transporters (SGLT-1 and PEPT1) (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, these findings indicate that dietary COS improves growth performance in EHEC-challenged weaned pigs, with enhanced intestinal barrier integrity and nutrient transport capacity.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13628782/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149103822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Farmers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding lumpy skin disease in Northern Bangladesh.","authors":"Sushila Paul Sama, Md Ismile Hossain Bhuiyan, Prajwal Bhandari, Ritu Chalise, Rakibul Hasan Midul, Md Minhaz Ahmed, Md Kawser Mahmud Shihab, Ahmed Ishtiak Nirob, Delower Hossain, Md Jisan Ahmed","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05797-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05797-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13449383/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148683520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal echocardiographic systolic changes in dogs receiving doxorubicin-based chemotherapy.","authors":"Gustavo Cavinato Herrera, Matheus Matioli Mantovani, Jacqueline Ribeiro de Castro, Andresa Dos Santos Veras, Marcelo José Barbosa Silva","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05707-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05707-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Doxorubicin is widely used in veterinary oncology but carries a risk of cumulative cardiotoxicity. Serial echocardiographic evaluation is commonly used to monitor dogs receiving potentially cardiotoxic chemotherapy; however, evidence remains limited regarding which indices best capture early longitudinal systolic changes. Conventional monitoring relies largely on fractional shortening and M-mode estimated ejection fraction, which are based on geometric assumptions and may have limited sensitivity for subtle systolic change. This study evaluated whether Simpson-derived left ventricular ejection fraction better captures longitudinal echocardiographic systolic changes than conventional indices in dogs receiving doxorubicin-based chemotherapy. Twenty-nine client-owned dogs were prospectively enrolled, including 23 females and 6 males, with a median age of 10.0 years (IQR, 7.0-11.0) and median body weight of 13.2 kg (IQR, 7.0-21.6). Twelve dogs received doxorubicin as monotherapy and 17 received combination protocols. Echocardiography was performed before the first cycle (D0) and after three consecutive cycles (D1, D2, D3).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Simpson-derived left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) showed a progressive numerical decline from 72.0 ± 7.3% at baseline to 66.5 ± 7.7% at D3; however, no individual time-point estimate reached statistical significance in the mixed-effects model (D1, p = 0.183; D2, p = 0.618; D3, p = 0.206). M-mode estimated LVEF and fractional shortening did not show comparable directional patterns or significant longitudinal changes. A decline greater than 10% points in Simpson-derived LVEF was identified in 9 of 29 dogs (31.0%), all while absolute values remained within conventional reference limits. Six of these dogs were not identified by either conventional index.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Serial, baseline-referenced Simpson-derived LVEF identified more longitudinal echocardiographic systolic changes than conventional indices in this cohort. These findings suggest that Simpson-derived LVEF may provide complementary information for tracking baseline-referenced systolic changes in dogs receiving doxorubicin. However, these changes should not be interpreted as definitive evidence of myocardial injury, and their clinical relevance requires confirmation in larger prospective studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13445866/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148683475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brachyspira hyodysenteriae detected in a dog with acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea: a case report.","authors":"Hyeji Jeong, Hyojin Ahn, Doo-Sung Cheon, Yein Oh, Won-Kyoung Yoon","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05764-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-026-05764-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Brachyspira hyodysenteriae is a well-known pathogen of swine dysentery, a severe mucohaemorrhagic colitis in pigs. While several Brachyspira species are reported in dogs, natural Brachyspira hyodysenteriae detection in dogs is extremely rare. This case report aims to provide insight into the pathogenic potential and clinical significance of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae in dogs.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 5-year-old male mongrel dog was presented with acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea shortly after being adopted from a shelter, where he had a history of soft stools. The faeces were watery, containing fresh blood and fibrinous mucus. Initial wet mount and faecal flotation tests were negative for parasites or ova, but faecal smear cytology revealed diverse bacterial morphologies, including chevron- and spiral-shaped forms. Real-time PCR identified Brachyspira hyodysenteriae with a low Ct value (27.19), alongside Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni, canine astrovirus and Cystoisospora. The dog was treated with enrofloxacin, metronidazole, and fenbendazole, leading to complete resolution of haematochezia and gradual normalization of stool consistency. Follow-up real-time PCR confirmed the absence of all previously detected pathogens, and the patient remained asymptomatic.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case suggests that Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, traditionally regarded as a swine-specific pathogen, may contribute to gastrointestinal disease in dogs. However, because confirmatory bacterial culture was not performed and multiple enteropathogens were detected concurrently, a definitive association between Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and the observed haemorrhagic diarrhoea cannot be established. Nevertheless, it highlights the importance of considering Brachyspira hyodysenteriae in unexplained cases of infectious diarrhoea in dogs, particularly regarding mixed infections. These findings also raise concerns regarding potential interspecies transmission and associated biosecurity risks. Further research is warranted to enhance understanding of diagnostic strategies, treatment approaches and antibiotic resistance patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13625497/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149103826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MicroRNA signatures of equine asthma phenotypes in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.","authors":"Emilie Rudolph Røgild, Emilio Mármol-Sánchez, Katrine Toft, Sanni Hansen, Susanna Cirera","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05761-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05761-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Equine asthma (EA) is a highly prevalent, chronic, inflammatory disease of the lower airways ranging from mild-to-moderate to severe clinical presentations. Diagnosis currently relies on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytology, an invasive method associated with interobserver variability, which highlights the need for more reproducible approaches. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs involved in gene regulation. They are stable and readily detectable in body fluids and have shown promising results as biomarkers in human asthma. The aim of this pilot study was to characterize miRNA expression profiles in BALF and serum from horses with distinct EA phenotypes to evaluate their biomarker potential and explore their putative involvement in disease pathogenesis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 43 horses were included and classified as either EA (n = 32) or controls (n = 11), based on clinical examination and BALF cytology. The EA horses were further divided into three phenotypes based on BALF inflammatory cell composition: neutrophilic asthma (n = 10), mastocytic asthma (n = 15), and mixed asthma (n = 7). RNA was isolated from both serum and BALF samples and analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) targeting 103 miRNAs linked to asthma and pulmonary inflammation in humans. Differential miRNA expression was analyzed across EA phenotypes. The most significantly differentially expressed miRNAs were used for hypothesis-generation by in silico target prediction and pathway enrichment exploratory analyses. Horses with mixed EA had significantly lower levels of eca-miR-125a-3p and eca-miR-125b-5p in BALF compared to controls. Additionally, eca-miR-146a-5p expression was significantly increased in BALF from horses with neutrophilic EA compared to mastocytic EA. For serum, none of the miRNAs showed significant differential expression within the EA phenotypes. Target and pathway enrichment analyses for eca-miR-146a-5p identified immune-relevant pathways supporting its possible involvement in inflammatory processes associated with asthma.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study identified three promising candidates, eca-miR-125a-3p, eca-miR-125b-5p, and eca-miR-146a-5p, as potential biomarkers in BALF associated with different EA phenotypes. These miRNAs are interesting candidates for further validation in an independent cohort before they can be used in diagnostics.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13673906/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149191134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of recombinant TgGRA14 as a diagnostic antigen for detection of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in cattle.","authors":"Hanh Thi Ha, Eukote Suwan, Chanya Kengradomkij, Nhung Pho Nguyen Nguyen, Charoonluk Jirapattharasate, Tawin Inpankaew","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05786-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05786-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) a widespread zoonotic parasite infecting various host species. Since cattle serve as major intermediate hosts for T. gondii, giving a significant public health concern, developing effective diagnostic tools is essential. This study evaluated the serodiagnostic potential of an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) using recombinant T. gondii dense granule 14 protein (TgGRA14) in cattle population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The recombinant TgGRA14 used was synthesized and evaluated as previously described. The microplate was coated with the purified TgGRA14 protein at 1 µg/mL and incubated overnight. The assay utilized a 1:200 dilution of bovine sera and a 1:5000 dilution of HRP-conjugated anti-bovine IgG. The reaction was developed with 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) substrate and the absorbance was measured at 450 nm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A sensitivity of 93.30% (95% CI: 76.50-98.84) and specificity of 88.30% (95% CI: 82.61-92.36). The assay exhibited significant diagnostic potential with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.95 and substantial agreement with the standard test (κ = 0.64). Utilizing these optimized iELISA parameters, the seroprevalence for anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies in the cattle population in this study was determined to be 22.93% (50/218).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings highlight the potential of the TgGRA14-based iELISA as a reliable serodiagnostic tool, facilitating improved epidemiological surveillance and effective control of bovine toxoplasmosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13584471/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148982166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatic encephalopathy associated with extensive hepatic diaphragmatic herniation in an adult horse.","authors":"Markyson Tavares Linhares, Isabelle Vieira de Sousa, Lilian Rayanne de Castro Eloy, José Machado de Oliveira Neto, Luis Jhordy Alfaro Quillas, Daniel Guimarães Ubiali, Lucas Rannier Ribeiro Antonino Carvalho, Ricardo Barbosa Lucena","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05752-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05752-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diaphragmatic hernia in horses is a rare condition, most commonly presenting with signs of colic and, less frequently, respiratory compromise. Hepatic herniation through a diaphragmatic defect with secondary hepatic failure and encephalopathy has rarely been documented in horses.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 5-year-old Mangalarga Marchador stallion was evaluated for progressive neurological deterioration, including obtundation, head pressing, ataxia, and circling. Serum biochemistry revealed severe hepatobiliary dysfunction, characterised by increased gamma-glutamyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase activities, hyperbilirubinaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia. The horse died within 12 h of admission. Post-mortem examination revealed a chronic pleuroperitoneal diaphragmatic defect with herniation of the left lateral, left medial, and quadrate hepatic lobes into the thoracic cavity. The herniated portion showed severe atrophy, haemorrhagic necrosis, cholestasis, and ductular proliferation, while the non-herniated hepatic mass exhibited bridging fibrosis and nodular regenerative remodelling. Histopathological examination of the brain confirmed the presence of Alzheimer type II astrocytes in the cerebral cortical grey matter, consistent with hepatic encephalopathy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case documents an unusual manifestation of equine diaphragmatic hernia in which extensive chronic hepatic incarceration resulted in severe hepatobiliary dysfunction and hepatic encephalopathy. The findings suggest that diaphragmatic hernia with hepatic involvement should be considered in the differential diagnosis of horses presenting with severe hepatopathy and neurological signs compatible with hepatic encephalopathy, particularly when classical signs of colic are absent.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13428427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148652843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Application of XGBoost and Random Forest algorithms for body weight prediction in Blackbelly sheep using biometric measurements.","authors":"Miguel Ángel Gastelum Delgado, Cem Tırınk, Rosa Inés Parra-Cortés, Ignacio Vázquez Martínez, Armando Gomez-Vazquez, Aldenamar Cruz-Hernandez, Enrique Camacho-Pérez, Dany Alejandro Dzib-Cauich, Hasan Önder, Uğur Şen, Kadyrbai Chekirov, Yüksel Aksoy, Hilal Tozlu Çelik, Olatunbosun Odu, Alfonso J Chay-Canul","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05748-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05748-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13421091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148618062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal changes in selected biochemical, hematological, and vital parameters in Gurcu goat kids: effects of age, sex, and birth type.","authors":"Yusuf Umut Bati, Mert Sezer, Enes Akyüz, Mushap Kuru","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05754-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-026-05754-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Biochemical, hematological, and vital parameters are important indicators of health status, growth, and physiological adaptation in young ruminants. However, breed-specific longitudinal data for Gurcu goat kids raised under traditional management conditions are limited. The primary objective of this study was to longitudinally evaluate age-related changes in selected biochemical, hematological, and vital parameters in healthy Gurcu goat kids, while sex and birth type were assessed as secondary modifying factors during postnatal growth.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty clinically healthy Gurcu goat kids, including 10 males and 10 females, were followed from 1 to 11 months of age. The study population included 10 single-born and 10 twin-born goat kids, with five animals in each combined sex-by-birth type subgroup. Blood samples and vital measurements were obtained at six sampling points: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 months of age. Selected biochemical, hematological, and vital parameters were evaluated longitudinally according to age, sex, birth type, and combined sex-by-birth type subgroups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Age-related variation was the predominant finding across the evaluated parameter groups. Time significantly affected most biochemical variables, most evaluated hematological parameters, and all three vital parameters, indicating marked physiological variation during postnatal growth. Representative time-related effects were observed for RT (P < 0.001, η_p² = 0.45), PR (P < 0.001, η_p² = 0.62), and RR (P < 0.001, η_p² = 0.44). In contrast, sex- and birth type-related differences were more limited and were detected only in selected parameters at specific sampling months. Significant group × time interactions were observed in selected biochemical parameters, including Ca (P = 0.002, η_p² = 0.34), Phos (P < 0.001, η_p² = 0.41), Crea (P < 0.001, η_p² = 0.43), AST (P = 0.03, η_p² = 0.27), and GGT (P < 0.001, η_p² = 0.51). These findings show that subgroup differences were stage-dependent rather than constant throughout the postnatal growth period.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The main contribution of this study is the provision of breed-specific longitudinal baseline data for healthy Gurcu goat kids raised under traditional management conditions. Age should be considered the primary factor when interpreting biochemical, hematological, and vital parameters in growing Gurcu goat kids, whereas sex and birth type should be regarded as additional, parameter-specific modifiers. Because of the relatively small sample size and single-farm study design, further studies with larger populations raised under different environmental and management conditions are needed to confirm and expand these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13637090/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149103815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}