BMC Veterinary Research最新文献

{"title":"Co-expression of LncRNA and mRNA in the cumulus-oocyte complex of rabbits exposed to ammonia.","authors":"Jia Cui, Fengyang Wu, Xinyu Yang, Yanhua Liu, Shudong Liu, Shuaijuan Han, Jiawei Guo, Baojiang Chen","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04806-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04806-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ammonia (NH₃) is an environmental pollutant and a potent reproductive stressor widely found in rabbit houses. Exposure to ammonia can result in follicle atresia, affect oocyte maturation and cause cumulus cell apoptosis. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is an important factor in the regulation of cumulus cell development and oocyte maturation. The potential molecular mechanism of NH₃ in the induction of cumulus-oocyte complex (COCs) toxicity and the regulatory role of lncRNA in COCs are currently unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 150 female IRA rabbits (35 days old) were randomly divided into three groups, and kept in environmental control rooms for four weeks. The rabbits in the control group (CG) were kept under an NH₃ concentration of < 3 ppm. The two treatment groups were kept under NH₃ concentrations of 10 ppm (low ammonia concentration, LAC) and 30 ppm (high ammonia concentration, HAC). We used a combination of RNA deep sequencing, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and bioinformatic analysis to explore the regulatory mechanism of lncRNA and messenger RNA (mRNA) in COCs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that primordial follicles and primary follicles were significantly decreased while atretic follicles were significantly increased in the NH₃-treated groups. The results from Gene Ontology (GO) items showed that female meiosis sister chromatid cohesion and the regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion were involved in the mechanism of rabbits exposed to NH₃. The results demonstrated that the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling pathway inhibits germ cell development and follicular growth in the LAC versus the CG group. LncRNAs were involved in the apoptosis of female germ cells via the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1) signaling pathway in the HAC versus the CG group. Co-expression analysis found that lncRNA MAPK3 and lncRNA SHC1 were correlated with changes in cumulus cell and oocyte function after NH₃ exposure.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results indicate that NH₃ affected the development and function of COCs by influencing lncRNA expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"396"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12128280/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144198253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species diversity, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance of the nasal staphylococcal and mammaliicoccal biota of reindeer.","authors":"Jolanta Kochel-Karakulska, Marta Maślanko, Marta Woroszyło, Małgorzata Szewczuk, Bartłomiej Grygorcewicz, Karol Fijałkowski","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04680-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04680-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Staphylococcus (S.) spp. and Mammaliicoccus (M.) spp., in addition to their established role as components of the human and animal microbiota, can also cause opportunistic infections. This study aimed to characterize bacteria recovered from nasal cavities of healthy adult reindeer from two farms located in Poland (15 reindeer) and Germany (15 reindeer). The research include bacteria isolation, species identification, detection of selected superantigen (SAg) genes, assessment of biofilm-forming capability in vitro, and evaluation of antimicrobial resistance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy-four staphylococci and mammaliicocci from 14 different species were isolated from 30 nasal swabs, with one to four strains obtained from each reindeer. The most frequently identified species was S. equorum, followed by S. succinus, M. sciuri, S. xylosus, M. lentus, S. chromogenes, S. devriesei, M. vitulinus, S. auricularis, S. agnetis, S. edaphicus, S. petrasii, S. simulans, and S. warneri. A greater species diversity was observed among the reindeer from Poland compared to those from Germany. All isolated bacteria were coagulase negative and clumping factor negative and did not carry any of the 21 analyzed SAg genes. M. sciuri demonstrated the highest antimicrobial resistance (100%), followed by S. succinus (91%) and S. equorum (78%). Resistance to rifampicin was the most common (30% strains). Sixteen strains (22%) exhibited biofilm production at least 10% greater than the strong biofilm-forming S. aureus ATCC 6538.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study reveals a significant knowledge gap regarding the nasal microbiota of reindeer. It contributes to our understanding of staphylococcal and mammaliicoccal biota of reindeer and underscores the necessity for monitoring of microbial populations to assess their health implications for both animals and humans, particularly concerning the zoonotic transmission of bacteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"394"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12128358/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144198256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an indirect ELISA based on a new specific lipoprotein LP53 for the detection of antibodies against Mycoplasma synoviae.","authors":"Haoran Li, Zengjin Hu, Guijun Wang, Yu Wang, Shaohui Wang, Mingxing Tian, Yanqing Bao, Jingjing Qi, Shengqing Yu","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04827-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04827-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"393"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12125734/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A preliminary study on helminths detected in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Bingol Province of Türkiye: morphological and molecular approaches.","authors":"Seyma Gunyakti Kilinc, Harun Kaya Kesik, Figen Celik, Sami Simsek","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04838-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04838-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) are hosts to a large number of endoparasites, some of which are zoonotic. This study was carried out to identify and molecularly characterise intestinal helminths in foxes in Bingol province, eastern Türkiye. For this purpose, carcasses of 15 red foxes that died as a result of traffic accidents in Bingol province were obtained. Parasite material obtained from the intestines was identified according to its morphological characteristics, and complete gDNA was isolated from each individual parasite samples. A 446 bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (mt-CO1) gene was amplified using PCR. Subsequently, a unidirectional sequence analysis was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mt-CO1 gene region of a total of 8 helminth species was successfully sequenced and identified by BLAST searches. One trematode (Alaria alata), five cestodes (Dipylidium caninum, Joyeuxiella sp., Taenia hydatigena, Mesocestoides litteratus, Mesocestoides sp.), one nematode (Toxascaris leonina) and one acanthocephalan (Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus) species were identified. Phylogenetic and haplotype analyses were performed on the obtained Mesocestoides spp. sequences. Haplotype analysis of Mesocestoides litteratus isolates revealed 22 haplotypes Mesocestoides.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings are important to draw attention to the wild circulation of some zoonotic helminths.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"391"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12124032/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144179630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, attitudes and practices of veterinarians and para-veterinarians towards antimicrobial stewardship in Malawi: underutilized strength in the fight against antimicrobial resistance.","authors":"Henson Kainga, Marvin Phonera, Simegnew Adugna Kallu, Elisha Chatanga, Merning Mwenifumbo, Joseph Nkhoma, Gilson Njunga","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04837-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04837-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health concern, and the inappropriate use of antibiotics in animals and humans is considered a significant contributing factor. Para-veterinarians and veterinarians are vital in the fight against AMR. The study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the para-veterinarians and veterinarians towards antimicrobial stewardship in Malawi. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey among the para-veterinarians and veterinarians was conducted from October 2024 to January 2025. A total of 69 participants, comprised of 42 para-veterinarians and 27 veterinarians, participated in this study, and the response rate for the survey was 44% (n = 158). The study used a predetermined cutoff of ≥ 55% to classify scores as having good knowledge, good practice, and a positive attitude. The study found that 85.5% of the respondents had good knowledge and 98.6% had good practices towards antimicrobial stewardship and prevention of AMR, while 92.8% had favorable attitude towards AMR and antimicrobial stewardship. The maximum obtainable scores for each construct were 11, 13 and 13 for knowledge, practice, and attitude, respectively. The overall mean scores for knowledge, practice and attitude were 11.25 ± 2.83, 8.71 ± 1.34 and 9.04 ± 1.64, respectively. These findings indicated that the respondents had good knowledge, good practices and favorable positive attitude towards AMR and antimicrobial stewardship. The study concludes that there is good level of knowledge, practice and favorable attitude among para-veterinarians and veterinarians towards antimicrobial stewardship which can be capitalized in the fight against AMR in Malawi. The veterinary professionals can be entrusted to comply with responsible antimicrobial prescriptions and use.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"390"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12124020/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144179751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ligula intestinalis in Labeobarbus fish species at Lake Tana, Ethiopia: prevalence, histopathological investigation, and associated risk factors.","authors":"Tegegne Destaw, Mohammed Yessuf, Hailu Mazengia, Mengesha Ayehu Getnet, Asnakew Mulaw Berihun","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04799-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04799-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Food security and employment prospects are significantly influenced by the fish industry. A cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2023 to March 2024 to determine the pathological lesions, prevalence, and associated risk factors of L. intestinalis infection in Labeobarbus fish species in Lake Tana, Ethiopia. A total of 384 Labeobarbus fish were randomly selected from local fishermen and their associations. Pathological lesions were examined using proper evisceration and post-mortem techniques. Various visceral organs including the gonads, liver, and spleen were collected from infected fish for histopathological examination. Gross pathological findings revealed abdominal distension, anal hemorrhage, and gonadal atrophy, displacement of internal organs, body emaciation, and visceral fibrosis accompanied by discoloration. Histopathological alterations were observed in multiple organs. In the ovaries, the main changes included fibrosis, infiltration of inflammatory cells, destruction, and atrophy of oocytes. Testicular tissues exhibited hyperemia, necrosis, fibrosis, and degeneration. The liver showed vacuolar degeneration, biliary duct hyperplasia, infiltration of inflammatory cells, fibrosis, and necrosis. In the spleen, exudation, hemorrhage, congestion, and fibrosis were the primary pathological findings. Out of the 384 Labeobarbus fish examined, 62 tested positive for L. intestinalis, indicating an overall prevalence of 16.2% in Lake Tana. Statistical analysis revealed that fish standard length (χ² = 76.919, P = 0.001), fish weight (χ² = 50.087, P = 0.001), sampling points (χ² = 16.947, P = 0.009), and fish species (χ² = 27.73, P = 0.034) were significantly associated with L. intestinalis infection. The pathological effects of L. intestinalis on vital organs, combined with its high prevalence, suggest a significant negative impact on fish production and reproductive performance in Lake Tana. Therefore, regular monitoring and surveillance, public awareness campaigns, ecological studies, and appropriate policy interventions should be implemented to protect livelihoods and mitigate the effects of this parasite.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"392"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12124098/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144179884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethiopian isolates of nematophagus fungi have effectively killed Haemonchus contortus infective larvae in vitro.","authors":"Tadesa Tilahun, Solomon Shiferaw, Hika Waktole, Gezahegne Mamo, Muluken Tekle, Getachew Terefe","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04844-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04844-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The effectiveness of anthelmintics in controlling gastrointestinal parasitism in livestock is increasingly threatened by the emergence of drug resistance. To address this issue, biological control methods have been proposed as potential alternatives. This research aimed to evaluate the efficacy of nematophagous fungi isolated from soil samples against Haemonchus contortus infective larvae.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Soil samples were collected from Ambo and Hawasa, representing the central and southern regions of Ethiopia, respectively. The fungi were cultured on 2% water agar using the soil sprinkling technique. Fungal identification was conducted based on conidial morphology and adhesive networking.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Arthrobotrys oligospora (AO), Arthrobotrys conoides (AC) and Monacrosporium species (MS) were isolated from the soil samples. In vitro tests on 2% water agar demonstrated that the trapping and killing of H. contortus L₃ larvae began within 48 h of exposure. From second to 4th day of observation, significant difference in the number of dead larvae were observed between the untreated control (UTC) and treatment plates (P < 0.0001); mortality being 99.77 ± 0.38%, 96.74 ± 3.15%, 89.92 ± 4.31 and 9.92 ± 3.45% for AC, AO, MS and UTC groups. Monacrosporium species was less effective compared to both AC and AO (P > 0.05). When accounting for natural mortality (control), the contributions to larval deaths attributed to AC, AO, and MS were 90%, 89.7%, and 88.9%, respectively. The introduction of AC and AO spores to H. contortus egg-positive feces significantly decreased the number of live larvae recovered compared to the UTC (P < 0.0001) with percentage recovery of 1.6 ± 0.31%, 11.09 ± 1.41% and 49 ± 4.75% respectively. Sheep treated with conidia of AC and AO expelled varying numbers of conidia in the first 24 h post-treatment, with AO reducing larval development by 80-86% and AC by 84-87% when the natural reduction in the UTC plates is taken into account.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study for the first time has demonstrated the in vitro efficacy of nematode trapping fungal isolated from Ethiopian soil. Further research is needed to evaluate their performance on pasture.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"388"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12121260/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144181359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced porcine gut barrier functioning and reduced inflammation from a combination of seaweed  bioactives.","authors":"Meike A Bouwhuis, Irene H G Nooijen, Evita van de Steeg, Shane O'Connell","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04832-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04832-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Microbial and toxin-related challenges are well-documented causes of impaired animal performance. The gastro-intestinal tract is the single largest organ that interfaces with numerous challenges including pathogenic organisms, toxins and other immune activating stimuli. The integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier is the first and most critical line of defence. There are a number of reports demonstrating the potential of naturally derived feed additives to mitigate the damage derived from toxin or infectious agents on cell culture barrier integrity models but little information on target species tissue. Natural ingredients based on Lithothamnion glaciale (LG) and an extract of Ascophyllum nodosum (ANE) were tested in an ex vivo model using porcine ileal tissue, in the absence and presence of an infectious challenge derived from Salmonella enterica enteriditis (SEE). Read-outs included various parameters on the barrier integrity, tissue histology as well as the immune status of the tissue.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The SEE challenge significantly impaired barrier integrity (P<0.05), as demonstrated by increased paracellular ([3H]-mannitol) relative to transcellular ([14C]-caffeine) transport. LG and ANE were tested individually at multiple doses and in combination to explore potential synergistic effects. The barrier integrity was positively impacted from the combination of LG and ANE at the low ANE dose, especially following the SEE challenge (P<0.001). The SEE challenge reduced TNF-α expression in the control treatment, which is caused by the downregulation of the inflammatory response immediately after a challenge (P>0.01). The relative expression of the gut barrier protein Cadherin-17 was increased when LG and/or ANE was included (P<0.001), both with and without the SEE challenge. The inflammatory markers tumour necrosis factor-α, Caspase-1, Interleukin-22 and regenerating islet-derived protein-3 γ were affected by the inclusion of LG and/or ANE (P<0.05). A synergistic effect between the two marine bioactives was evident and appears to be dose dependent, with the low dose rate of ANE and the low and medium LG rate being most optimal.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest that an optimal combination of marine bioactives can have a significant effect in enhancing gut barrier integrity and immune reactivity when challenged with an intestinal pathogenic bacteria in porcine ileal tissue.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"389"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12121084/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144180557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First study to describe the prevalence and epidemiology of African swine fever, classical swine fever, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome and swine flu in Kazakhstan.","authors":"Yuliya V Perfilyeva, Elina R Maltseva, Yekaterina O Ostapchuk, Andrey V Zhigailov, Anna S Nizkorodova, Alena S Cherusheva, Dinara A Naizabayeva, Zhanna A Berdygulova, Akerke O Bissenbay, Tatyana V Kuznetsova, Saltanat A Kuatbekova, Gulnara A Ismagulova, Andrey M Dmitrovskiy, Dong-Hun Lee, Seidigapbar M Mamadaliyev, Yuriy A Skiba, Guillermo R Risatti","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04784-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04784-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Kazakhstan, the ninth-largest country in the world, located in Central Asia and bordering China, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, hosts a diverse population of domestic pigs across various environments, providing potential hosts for highly pathogenic viral diseases of swine. Here we monitored African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV), Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV), Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV), and Swine Influenza Virus (SIV).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the spring and fall of 2019, we sampled 1,459 domestic pigs in northern, central and eastern Kazakhstan. Samples were tested for antibodies by ELISA and for viral genomes by qPCR and RT-qPCR. No antibodies against ASFV or ASFV DNA were detected in sampled animals. Of the 84 farms sampled, 16.6% had at least one animal vaccinated against CSF. Seropositive pigs were found on a farm in Oskemen with no history of vaccination against CSFV. No CSFV RNA was detected in the blood of the sampled animals. Only 12.2% of the animals tested were vaccinated against PRRS with live-attenuated vaccines. The true animal-level seroprevalence of PRRS on unvaccinated farms was 16.6%. PRRSV RNA was detected in 17 unvaccinated animals in Pavlodar oblast on farms that were vaccinated against PRRS. The identified PRRSV-1 strains belonged to subtype 1 and clustered with the PRRS DV vaccine virus strain. A large proportion of the pigs had antibodies against SIV, with true animal-level seroprevalence of 35.9% and herd-level seroprevalence of 23.2%. Antibodies against the influenza A viruses of hemagglutinin subtypes H1 and H3 were found in the examined pigs. None of the animals were vaccinated against SIV. The variable 'commercial farming' showed an association with PRRSV and IAV seroprevalence. Of the unvaccinated farms, 9% were co-infected with PRRSV and SIV.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results confirm the domestic pig population in Kazakhstan was not infected with ASFV but indicated exposure to PRRSV and SIV. This underscores the need for monitoring these infections in the region to manage their impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"384"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12117688/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144172602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of concentrate supplement on camel performance, forage utilization, and energy usage in arid-area rangelands.","authors":"Ahmed R Askar, Ahmed R Saber, Sabbah Allam, Khaled Z Kewan, Mohammed H Bakr, Faysal Fayed, Hamedi M Kandil, Samy Abo Ragab, Basma A Hussien, Samir S Abou El Ezz, Mohsen M Shoukry","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04833-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04833-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In light of climate change, camels, as drought-resistant animal species, have become a crucial component of the pastoralists' economy, ecology, and culture. They exhibit an extraordinary capacity to adapt to harsh environments. Most camels rely on grazing on natural rangelands to meet their daily nutritional requirements. Climate and watering intervals influence the foraging behavior of camels, as well as forage quality and availability. This experiment investigated the effects of adding a concentrate supplement (CS) on camel performance, forage consumption and digestibility, and energy usage in arid-area rangelands during the dry season.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighteen dry and non-lactating she-dromedary camels, aged 8-10 years and weighing an average of 438 ± 5.7 kg, were employed in the experiment. Camels were randomly selected from a herd of 120 animals, individually marked for identification, and divided into three groups of six. The CS was administered separately before grazing at 0% (control), 50% (low), and 100% (high) of the metabolizable energy requirements for maintenance. The herd grazed daily from 08:00 to 18:00 in an area dominated by Ababasis articulate, a low-quality forage containing more than 70% neutral detergent fiber.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Adding a high CS level alleviated animal deterioration by reducing weight loss from - 1049 to - 192 g/day and significantly increasing dry and organic matter digestibility. A substantial drop in forage consumption, accompanied by a significant adverse effect on fiber digestibility (P < 0.01), was observed with CS addition. The Global Positioning System results revealed that the high CS addition considerably reduced (P < 0.01) the distance traveled from 25 to 13 km, leading to lower (P < 0.01) walking and grazing activity and higher (P < 0.01) standing and resting time. The results were consistent with energy expenditure data, reflected in a more incredible retained energy for high vs. low or control levels of the concentrate.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It is recommended that camels be confined and not allowed to graze, or they graze for a shorter period of time during drought seasons when palatable forage is scarce. Supplementary feeding is essential to maintain camels in arid-area rangelands. When CS is utilized, the interdependent effects on forage utilization must be considered. The CS should be used under restriction or replaced partially or completely with high-quality forage during the drought season.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"387"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12117818/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144172597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}