BMC Veterinary Research最新文献

{"title":"Is castration leading to biological aging in dogs? Assessment of lipid peroxidation, inflammation, telomere length, mitochondrial DNA copy number, and expression of telomerase and age-related genes.","authors":"Hossein Hassanpour, Moosa Javdani, Zahra Changaniyan-Khorasgani, Elnaz Rezazadeh, Reza Jalali, Marzieh Mojtahed","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04337-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-024-04337-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Biological aging is a complex process influenced by various factors, including reproductive status and castration. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of castration on biological aging in dogs.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Fifteen male crossbred dogs were randomly divided into a sham-operation control group (n = 5) and a castrated group (n = 10). Blood samples were collected at weeks 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 18 post-surgery. Malondialdehyde (MDA as indicator of Lipid peroxidation), C-reactive protein (as an indicator of inflammation), telomere length, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, and the expression of age-related (P16, P21, TBX2) and telomerase-related (TERT) genes were assessed in blood samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Plasma MDA levels were higher in the control group at weeks 16 and 18, while CRP levels were higher only at week 18. Telomere length and mtDNA copy number were lower in the control group at week 18. Gene expression analysis showed that P16 was lower in the control group at weeks 8 and 12, P21 and TERT were lower at weeks 16 and 18, and TBX2 was lower at weeks 16 and 18. The TBX2/P16 ratio was lower in the control group at weeks 16 and 18 but higher at week 12, while the TBX2/P21 ratio did not differ between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Castration appears to have a protective effect against biological aging in dogs, as evidenced by lower lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and age-related changes in telomere length, mtDNA copy number, and gene expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"485"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11515513/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142494822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strengthening anthrax outbreak response and preparedness: simulation and stakeholder education in Namisindwa district, Uganda.","authors":"Abel W Walekhwa, Lydia N Namakula, Solomon T Wafula, Ashley W Nakawuki, Edwinah Atusingwize, Winnifred K Kansiime, Brenda Nakazibwe, Robert Mwebe, Herbert K Isabirye, Margerat I Ndagire, Noah S Kiwanuka, Valentina Ndolo, Harriet Kusiima, Richard Ssekitoleko, Alex R Ario, Lawrence Mugisha","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04289-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-024-04289-0","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Anthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by Bacillus anthracis that poses a significant threat to both human health and livestock. Effective preparedness and response to anthrax outbreak at the district level is essential to mitigate the devastating impact of the disease to humans and animals. The current diseaae surveillance in animals and humans uses two different infrastructure systems with online platform supported by established diagnostic facilities. The differences in surveillance systems affect timely outbreak response especially for zoonotic diseases like anthrax. We therefore aimed to assess the feasibility of implementing a simulation exercise for a potential anthrax outbreak in a local government setting and to raise the suspicion index of different district stakeholders for a potential anthrax outbreak in Namisindwa District, Uganda.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We conducted a field-based simulation exercise and a health education intervention using quantitative data collection methods. The study participants mainly members of the District Taskforce (DTF) were purposively selected given their role(s) in disease surveillance and response at the sub-national level. We combined 26 variables (all dichotomized) assessing knowledge on anthrax and knowledge on appropriate outbreak response measures into an additive composite index. We then dichotomized overall score based on the 80% blooms cutoff i.e. we considered those scoring at least 80% to have high knowledge, otherwise low. We then assessed the factors associated with knowledge using binary logistic regression with time as a proxy for the intervention effect. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% Confidence intervals (95%CI) have been reported.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The overall district readiness score was 35.0% (24/69) and was deficient in the following domains: coordination and resource mobilization (5/16), surveillance (5/11), laboratory capacity (3/10), case management (4/7), risk communications (4/12), and control measures (4/13). The overall community readiness score was 7 out of 32 (22.0%). We noted poor scores of readiness in all domains except for case management (2/2). The knowledge training did not have an effect on the overall readiness score, but improved specific domains such as control measures. Instead tertiary education was the only independent predictor of higher knowledge on anthrax and how to respond to it (OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.07-2.31). Training did not have a significant association with overall knowledge improvement but had an effect on several individual knowledge aspects.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;We found that the district's preparedness to respond to a potential anthrax outbreak was inadequate, especially in coordination and mobilisation, surveillance, case management, risk communication and control measures. The health education training intervention showed increased knowledge levels compared to the pre-test and post-t","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"484"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11520147/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142494825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delivery strategies to improve piglets exposure to oral antimicrobials.","authors":"Noslen Hernández, Béatrice B Roques, Marlène Z Lacroix, Didier Concordet","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04334-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-024-04334-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The widespread practice of delivering antimicrobials through drinking water to livestock leads to considerable variability in exposure levels among animals, raising concerns regarding disease outbreaks and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. This variability is primarily driven by three pivotal factors: fluctuations in drug concentration within water pipes, variances in drinking behavior among animals, and differences in individual pharmacokinetic parameters. The objective of this study is to develop and evaluate a strategy that tailors medication delivery based on the drinking patterns of pigs, aiming to improve medication distribution without increasing the overall dose of medication.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results demonstrate that several distribution strategies based on the animals' drinking behavior can effectively increase their overall exposure. These strategies include increasing the exposure of the least exposed animals, raising the average exposure, maximizing the exposure of the majority of the well-exposed animals, or increasing exposure to ensure that a Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) criterion reaches a threshold value for a large number of the animals. In summary, constructing an effective distribution strategy for drinking water requires optimizing a specific criterion. The various criteria and methods for optimizing then are detailed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>As examples, this article demonstrate that incorporating the drinking behavior into the delivery of amoxicillin results in an increase in the percentage of piglets reaching an AUC/MIC ratio greater than 25h. Specifically, with Pasteurella multocida, the percentage rises from 30 <math><mo>%</mo></math> to at least 60 <math><mo>%</mo></math> , while with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, it increases from 20 <math><mo>%</mo></math> to more than 70 <math><mo>%</mo></math> .</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"482"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11494959/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142494820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel supraorbital surgical approach for enucleation in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedaries): cadaveric study.","authors":"Mohamed Marzok, Mohamed A Nazih, Adel I Almubarak, Mohamed W El-Sherif","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04306-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-024-04306-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Enucleation and exenteration are widely utilized ophthalmic procedures in veterinary practice, involving the complete removal of the eye and comprehensive extraction of orbital contents, respectively. These procedures are indicated for pain relief, excision, and management of neoplasia metastases, and addressing severe medically untreatable conditions.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to develop an orbital enucleation surgical approach. The study evaluated the applicability of the new approach and investigated the impact of the surgical procedure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Anatomical dissection of three cadaveric heads and surgical orbital enucleation in four cadaveric heads were performed. Anatomical data was collected, and feasibility, safety and applicability of the procedure were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Anatomical dissection showed a distinctive large orbital fossa, providing a suitable surgical window to access orbital structures. The procedure was found to be feasible, facilitating the complete removal of the orbital content. Notably, the preservation of intact eyelids was prioritized to enhance cosmetic appearance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The presented orbital enucleation technique proved to be feasible, safe, reproducible, and required basic surgical skills to perform.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"483"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11495129/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142494813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The endocannabinoid system in bovine tissues: characterization of transcript abundance in the growing Holstein steer.","authors":"Coral Kent-Dennis, James L Klotz","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04319-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-024-04319-x","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is highly integrated with seemingly all physiological and pathophysiological processes in the body. There is increasing interest in utilizing bioactive plant compounds, for promoting health and improving production in livestock. Given the established interaction between phytochemicals and the ECS, there are many opportunities for identification and development of therapies to address a range of diseases and disorders. However, the ECS has not been thoroughly characterized in cattle, especially in the gastrointestinal tract. The objective of this study was to characterize the distribution and transcriptional abundance of genes associated with the endocannabinoid system in bovine tissues.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Tissues including brain, spleen, thyroid, lung, liver, kidney, mesenteric vein, tongue, sublingual mucosa, rumen, omasum, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon were collected from 10-mo old Holstein steers (n = 6). Total RNA was extracted and gene expression was measured using absolute quantification real time qPCR. Gene expression of endocannabinoid receptors CNR1 and CNR2, synthesis enzymes DAGLA, DAGLB and NAPEPLD, degradation enzymes MGLL and FAAH, and transient receptor potential vanilloids TRPV3 and TRPV6 was measured. Data were analyzed in R using a Kruskal-Wallis followed by a Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Results are reported as the median copy number/20 ng of equivalent cDNA (CN) with interquartile range (IQR).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The greatest expression of CNR1 and CNR2 was in the brain and spleen, respectively. Expression of either receptor was not detected in any gastrointestinal tissues, however there was a tendency (P = 0.095) for CNR2 to be expressed above background in rumen. Expression of endocannabinoid synthesis and degradation enzymes varied greatly across tissues. Brain tissue had the greatest DAGLA expression at 641 CN (IQR 52; P ≤ 0.05). DAGLB was detected in all tissues, with brain and spleen having the greatest expression (P ≤ 0.05). Expression of NAPEPLD in the gastrointestinal tract was lowest in tongue and sublingual mucosal. There was no difference in expression of NAPEPLD between hindgut tissues, however these tissues collectively had 592% greater expression than rumen and omasum (P ≤ 0.05). While MGLL was found to be expressed in all tissues, expression of FAAH was only above the limit of detection in brain, liver, kidney, jejunum and ileum. TRPV3 was expressed above background in tongue, rumen, omasum and colon. Although not different from each other, thyroid and duodenum had the greatest expression of TRPV6, with 285 (IQR 164) and 563 (IQR 467) CN compared to all other tissues (P &lt; 0.05).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;These data demonstrate the complex distribution and variation of the ECS in bovine tissues. Expression patterns suggest that regulatory functions of this system are tissue dependent, providing initial insight int","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"481"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11494806/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142494826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and evaluation of the pathogenicity of a hybrid shiga toxin-producing and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in pigs.","authors":"Danaya Nammuang, Yi-Wen Shen, Chiao-Hsu Ke, Nan-Ling Kuan, Chao-Nan Lin, Kuang-Sheng Yeh, Yen-Chen Chang, Chia-Yu Chang, Hui-Wen Chang","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04317-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-024-04317-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Porcine pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli), the globally recognized important pathogen, causes significant economic loss in the field. Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) causes porcine neonatal and post-weaning diarrhea (PWD), frequently carrying F4 adhesin, F18 adhesin, Heat-Stable toxin (ST), and Heat-Labile toxin (LT). Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli (STEC) produces F18 adhesin and Shiga toxin type 2e (stx2e), majorly leading to systemic endothelial cell damage and edema disease. In this study, hemolytic pathogenic hybrid STEC/ETEC strains carrying ST and LT genes of ETEC and the Stx2e gene of STEC isolated from pigs with PWD in Taiwan were identified. The pathogenicity of a Taiwan hybrid STEC/ETEC strain was evaluated by oral inoculation in post-weaning pigs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Next generation sequencing and multilocus sequence typing of two hybrid Taiwan porcine STEC/ETEC isolates indicated that these two isolates were closely related to the ST88 porcine hybrid STEC/ETEC isolated from pigs with watery diarrhea. Furthermore, the two hybrid Taiwan porcine STEC/ETEC isolates also displayed combinations of multiple resistance genes encoding mechanisms for target modification and antibiotic inactivation. Animal experiments confirmed that the Taiwan hybrid STEC/ETEC could cause watery diarrhea in post-weaning pigs with no signs of edema disease and minimal histopathological lesions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To the best of the authors' knowledge, the present study is the first study demonstrating intestinal pathogenicity of the hybrid STEC/ETEC in pigs. The result suggests that the hybrid STEC/ETEC should be considered as a new emerging pathogen and a new target for vaccine development.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"480"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11492512/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142457657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole-genome sequencing of toxigenic Clostridioides difficile reveals multidrug resistance and virulence genes in strains of environmental and animal origin.","authors":"Daniela Tercero-Guerrero, José L Blanco, Marta Hernández, Laura Torre-Fuentes, Julio Alvarez, Marta E García","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04332-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-024-04332-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Clostridioides difficile has been recognized as an emerging pathogen in both humans and animals. In this context, antimicrobial resistance plays a major role in driving the spread of this disease, often leading to therapeutic failure. Moreover, recent increases in community-acquired C. difficile infections have led to greater numbers of investigations into the animal origin of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic similarities between 23 environmental and animal isolates by using whole-genome sequencing and to determine antimicrobial resistance and virulence factor genes in toxigenic C. difficile strains to provide important data for the development of diagnostic methods or treatment guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most common sequence type was ST11 (87%), followed by ST2 (9%) and ST19 (4%). In addition, 86.95% of the strains exhibited multidrug resistance, with antimicrobial resistance to mainly aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, tetracycline and B-lactams; nevertheless, one strain also carried other resistance genes that conferred resistance to lincosamide, macrolides, streptogramin a, streptogramin b, pleuromutilin, oxazolidinone and amphenicol. In addition, a wide range of virulence factor genes, such as those encoding adherence factors, exoenzymes and toxins, were found. However, we observed variations between toxinotypes, ribotypes and sequence types.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of this study demonstrated significant genetic similarity between ST11 strains isolated from environmental sampling and from animal origin; these strains may represent a reservoir for community-acquired C. difficile infection, which is becoming a growing public health threat due to the development of multridug resistant (MDR) bacteria and the number of virulence factors detected.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"479"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11492571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142457669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aligning with the 3Rs: alternative models for research into muscle development and inherited myopathies.","authors":"Hashir Mehmood, Paul R Kasher, Richard Barrett-Jolley, Gemma L Walmsley","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04309-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-024-04309-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inherited and acquired muscle diseases are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in human medical and veterinary patients. Researchers use models to study skeletal muscle development and pathology, improve our understanding of disease pathogenesis and explore new treatment options. Experiments on laboratory animals, including murine and canine models, have led to huge advances in congenital myopathy and muscular dystrophy research that have translated into clinical treatment trials in human patients with these debilitating and often fatal conditions. Whilst animal experimentation has enabled many significant and impactful discoveries that otherwise may not have been possible, we have an ethical and moral, and in many countries also a legal, obligation to consider alternatives. This review discusses the models available as alternatives to mammals for muscle development, biology and disease research with a focus on inherited myopathies. Cell culture models can be used to replace animals for some applications: traditional monolayer cultures (for example, using the immortalised C2C12 cell line) are accessible, tractable and inexpensive but developmentally limited to immature myotube stages; more recently, developments in tissue engineering have led to three-dimensional cultures with improved differentiation capabilities. Advances in computer modelling and an improved understanding of pathogenetic mechanisms are likely to herald new models and opportunities for replacement. Where this is not possible, a 3Rs approach advocates partial replacement with the use of less sentient animals (including invertebrates (such as worms Caenorhabditis elegans and fruit flies Drosophila melanogaster) and embryonic stages of small vertebrates such as the zebrafish Danio rerio) alongside refinement of experimental design and improved research practices to reduce the numbers of animals used and the severity of their experience. An understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of potential models is essential for researchers to determine which can best facilitate answering a specific scientific question. Applying 3Rs principles to research not only improves animal welfare but generates high-quality, reproducible and reliable data with translational relevance to human and animal patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"477"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11488271/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142457639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges in diagnosing bovine tuberculosis through surveillance and characterization of Mycobacterium species in slaughtered cattle in Kolkata.","authors":"Molla Zakirul Haque, Chanchal Guha, Ayan Mukherjee, Sukhen Samanta, Partha Sarathi Jana, Ujjwal Biswas, Sangeeta Mandal, Santanu Pal, Manigandan Venkatesan, Joy Sarojini Michael, Pramod Kumar Nanda, Samiran Bandyopadhyay, Arun K Das, Premanshu Dandapat","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04272-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-024-04272-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberculosis in cattle is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) species. Apart from MTBC, different Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) species have also been isolated from cattle. The presence of NTM infection in bovines makes the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) a cumbersome task. Therefore, a cross sectional study was conducted to isolate and characterize different Mycobacterium spp. from a slaughterhouse situated in Kolkata, a city in the eastern part of India.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 258 morbid samples, 98 isolates were found to be positive for bacterial growth, and 35% (n = 34) were positive for Mycobacterium. 94% of Mycobacterial cultural isolates were NTM (n = 32), and the rest (n = 2) were found to be MTBC. Species-level identification of the isolates by hsp65 sequencing revealed that out of 32 isolates, 24 were M. fortuitum, three were M. abscessus, two each were M. chelonae and M. parascrofulaceum, and one was M. novocastrense. A phylogenetic tree with partial hsp65 gene sequences was also constructed to determine the relatedness of the unknown isolates to the reference strains.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both NTM species and MTBCs were identified from TB-like lesions in cattle that were slaughtered at the Kolkata abattoir. This discovery may indicate that NTM contributes to the development of lesions in cattle. Also, we recommend implication of more specific diagnostic tests for bTB.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"478"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11488179/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142457641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicological screening of zinc oxide nanoparticles in mongrel dogs after seven days of repeated subcutaneous injections.","authors":"Marwa H Hassan, Ibrahim A Emam, Haitham Farghali, Marwa A Ibrahim, Neven H Hassan, Khaled Y Farroh, Eman I Hassanen","doi":"10.1186/s12917-024-04268-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-024-04268-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have recently been applied in various veterinary and medical fields, however, the toxicological evaluations of these NPs in dogs are lacking. Therefore, the current study is designed to assess the impact of exposure to daily subcutaneous (SC) injections of ZnO NPs at different concentrations on various organs of mongrel dogs. Nine dogs were randomly divided into three groups (n = 3 for each) as follows: group (1) served as the control group, whereas groups (2&3) received SC injections of 50 and 100 ppm ZnO NPs (8 and 16 μg/kg bwt), respectively, once/day for 7 days. Our results revealed that ZnO NPs disrupted the oxidant/antioxidant balance in the lungs, liver, and kidneys of dogs in a dose-dependent manner. ZnO NPs induced dose-dependent radiological, ultrasonographical, and histopathological alterations in various organs especially lungs, spleen, liver, and kidneys along with disturbance in both liver and kidney biomarkers levels. Most organs of both ZnO NPs receiving groups displayed strong caspase-3 protein expression. Additionally, it upregulates the transcriptase levels of TNF-α and VEGF, as well as downregulates the antiapoptotic gene IL-10 in lung, kidney, and liver tissue homogenates. It was concluded that the daily SC injections of dogs with ZnO NPs at concentrations of 50 and 100 ppm caused extensive oxidative stress damage in various organs which provoked serious pathological processes such as apoptosis and inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"476"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11487719/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142457668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}