BMC Veterinary Research最新文献

{"title":"Antimicrobial prescription practices and opinions regarding antimicrobial resistance among veterinarians in Palestine 2024.","authors":"Ibrahim M Alzuheir, Adnan Fayyad, Ahmed Thabet","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04826-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04826-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antimicrobial use (AMU) by veterinarians is crucial for animal health management worldwide. Its extensive and improper use with insufficient monitoring has raised concerns about antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Veterinarians' opinions on antimicrobial agents and AMR are crucial in shaping their prescription practices. Understanding these opinions and practices is essential for mitigating the impact of AMR. Therefore, a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial prescription practices and antimicrobial knowledge of veterinarians in Palestine. Descriptive and statistical analyses were performed at a confidence interval of 95%.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A survey targeting 358 veterinarians in Palestine received 104 responses (29.1%). The majority of respondents were male (92.3%) and aged 31-40 (47.1%) or under 30 (42.3%). Most practiced in Hebron (31.7%), while others practiced in Jenin (14.4%), Tulkarm (11.5%), and Nablus (11.5%). The practices mainly included mixed practices (48.1%), farm animals (26.0%), and small animals (13.5%). Training on antimicrobial agents was primarily in English (93.3%), lasting five years (91.3%), with 40.4% having multiple course emphases in nonclinical years and 46.2% in clinical years. Only 57.7% had no additional degrees, but 54.8% attended training courses or conferences. Most veterinarians (64.4%) felt that they did not overprescribe antimicrobial agents, although 41.3% used them in 41-60% of cases. Clinical signs were relied upon for prescriptions by 85.6%, but only 39.4% had access to laboratory facilities for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Most respondents (76.0%) acknowledged antimicrobial misuse, and 71.2% felt there was inadequate supervision of AMU. AMR was seen as a serious issue by 99.0%, with improper prescription habits cited as a major cause (81.7%). Recommendations to combat resistance included conducting sensitivity tests, enhancing veterinary oversight, promoting biosecurity, and enforcing stricter regulations on antimicrobial sales and use.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides valuable insights into the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of veterinarians in Palestine regarding AMU and AMR. The study underscored gaps in oversight, with many respondents feeling that there was inadequate supervision of AMU in veterinary practice. The findings highlight the need for enhanced training, stricter regulations, and improved monitoring to mitigate the risks of AMR effectively. By implementing these recommendations, it is possible to promote responsible AMU, safeguard public health, and ensure the continued effectiveness of antimicrobial agents for future generations. Addressing these challenges will require a concerted effort from all stakeholders to create a robust framework for antimicrobial stewardship in veterinary practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"356"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12087241/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144092347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative genomic analysis of Flavobacterium species causing columnaris disease of freshwater fish in Thailand: insights into virulence and resistance mechanisms.","authors":"Dung Ho My Nguyen, Putita Chokmangmeepisarn, Kamolwan Khianchaikhan, Manami Morishita, Anurak Uchuwittayakul, Benjamin R LaFrentz, Channarong Rodkhum","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04488-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04488-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Columnaris disease, a prevalent disease among farmed and wild freshwater fish, is caused by the Flavobacterium columnare group, which includes four distinct species: F. columnare, F. oreochromis, F. covae, and F. davisii. Among these, F. oreochromis, F. covae, and F. davisii are particularly prevalent in farmed freshwater fish in Thailand. In this study, a comparative genomic analysis of 22 isolates was conducted to elucidate virulence factors, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), genomic islands (GIs), phages, insertion elements (ISs), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 212 putative virulence genes were predicted across three species with F. oreochromis exhibiting the highest number of unique virulence genes, followed by F. davisii, and F. covae. Moreover, 195 genes were predicted as ARGs, with F. oreochromis and F. covae showing an abundance of unique genes associated with resistance to quinolone, fluoroquinolone, and tetracycline antibiotics. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, assessed with epidemiological cut-off values (ECVs), revealed decreased susceptibility to quinolones, fluoroquinolones and tetracycline in several isolates of F. oreochromis and F. covae. F. oreochromis and F. covae exhibited notable decreased susceptibility to quinolones, with mutations observed in the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of gyrA, including Ser83Phe, Ser83Val, Ser83Ala, and Asp87Tyr, the latter representing a novel mutation among isolates from Thailand. As a result, these findings suggest that gyrA is major target for quinolone in F. oreochromis, F. covae, and F. davisii, while gyrB, parC, parE might be less important to the decreased phenotypic susceptibility to this class of antimicrobials. Moreover, a tetracycline resistance gene (tetA_2) was found in only one F. covae isolate, which exhibited decreased phenotypic susceptibility to this drug, marking the first report of decreased susceptibility in this species.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides insights into the genetic and pathogenic diversity of Flavobacterium species, aiding in the development of strategies to manage columnaris disease in farmed freshwater fish in Thailand.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"357"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12087154/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144101375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid whole genome sequencing for AMR surveillance in low- and middle-income countries: Oxford Nanopore Technology reveals multidrug-resistant Enterobacter cloacae complex from dairy farms in Sri Lanka.","authors":"Lakmini S Kumari, Dinushika M Siriwardhana, Veranja Liyanapathirana, Rasika Jinadasa, Priyanga Wijesinghe","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04800-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04800-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global challenge that disproportionately affects low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Environmental contamination by resistant bacteria from animal production facilities is a major driver of the spread of AMR through the food chain, requiring a robust one-health control approach. Traditional culture-based AMR surveillance is time-consuming and less sensitive, and fails to fully capture the spectrum of AMR, evolutionary trends, and epidemiological patterns of AMR spread. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has revolutionized AMR surveillance capabilities. Rapid WGS captures the full AMR spectrum with minimum samples, aids source attribution, and provides insights into trends in AMR spread. The portable Oxford Nanopore® Technology (ONT) platform, coupled with open-source software such as Galaxy and Konstanz Information Miner (KNIME), enables the establishment of a potentially portable, transferable workflow for low-resource settings. This study aimed to assess the AMR burden on four dairy farms in Kandy, Sri Lanka, via a resource-limited LMIC using a low-cost high-throughput screening assay and rapid WGS via ONT with Galaxy and KNIME processing to obtain full antibiotic resistomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The four isolates exhibiting the highest minimum inhibitory concentrations for amoxicillin were identified as Enterobacter cloacae and E. hormaechei by WGS. Chromosomes (4.8 to 4.9 Mb) carry the strain-specific resistance genes blaCMH-1, blaACT-25, fosA_7, and ramA, which are associated with diverse antibiotic classes. Plasmids, including IncFIB (pECLA), IncFII (pECLA), and IncX3, carry multiple resistance genes, including AAC(3)-IIe, AAC(6')-Ib-cr, APH(3″)-Ib, APH(6)-Id, blaCTX-M-15, blaNDM, blaOXA-1, blaTEM-1, dfrA14, QnrB17, catII, determinant-of-bleomycin-resistance, and sul2. Novel arrangements of insertion sequences were observed in E. hormaechei plasmids. The phenotypic resistance of all the isolates matched the genotypic MDR profiles, including resistance to chloramphenicol, gentamicin, tetracycline, and cotrimoxazole.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ONT WGS with Galaxy and KNIME processing may be a feasible option for AMR surveillance in resource-limited LMICs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first in-house whole-genome analysis workflow in the country tailored for AMR surveillance. The presence of potentially pathogenic high-MIC, MDR Enterobacter spp. with wide resistomes, including the blaNDM gene, emphasizes the urgent need to address AMR in animal production facilities within a one-health framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"351"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12084958/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144092750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glucose monitoring intelligent tracking system for remote glycemic assessment in diabetic dogs: a novel approach.","authors":"Jiri Xi, Heer Yang, Qiang Zhang, Sicheng Yang, Fan Ping, Xiucai Fang","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04809-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04809-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Optimizing glucose control is one of the primary goals of diabetes management. This study assessed the feasibility and accuracy of a remote real-time continuous glucose monitoring system (RT-CGMS) integrated with intelligent tracking in diabetic dogs. Seven Beagle dogs were monitored using interstitial sensors across different configurations: adhesive only, adhesive with protective garments, and garments combined with an innovative glucose monitoring approach for remote transmission. Sensor wear time was slightly longer with garments (8.2 ± 6.7 vs. 5.8 ± 3.1 days; P > 0.05). Valid data acquisition was significantly higher in the remote-monitoring group [95 (84, 96)] compared to Group 1 [67 (47, 78)] and Group 2 [76 (64, 80), P < 0.001 for both]. A strong correlation was found between RT-CGMS and PBGM measurements (r = 0.904). Calibration improved accuracy at glucose levels ≥ 5.5 mmol/L, reducing MARD from 28.5 to 14.5% and increasing Bland-Altman agreement from 48 to 67%. However, MAD slightly increased in the < 5.5 mmol/L range (2.2 to 2.7 mmol/L). Frequent hyperglycemia, high variability, and glucose excursions were observed. In conclusion, RT-CGMS with intelligent tracking improved data continuity and accuracy in diabetic dogs. Future research should focus on improving the system's sensitivity under hypoglycemic conditions and exploring its broader applications, including its role in enhancing in-hospital glucose management, utilizing big data to facilitate online diagnostics and offline follow-up care, providing guidance for daily glucose stabilization, enabling personalized veterinary services, and offering subscription-based health reports for pet owners.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"354"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12084943/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144092594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of plasma nucleosome concentrations and the effect of pre-analytical variables in healthy cats.","authors":"Emily Westerback, Heather Wilson-Robles, M'hammed Bougoussa, Stephanie Istvan, Samuel Stewart, Emma Warry, Justin Heinz","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04785-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04785-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nucleosome levels have been shown to increase in dogs and humans in certain disease states, as a result of cell apoptosis, raising interest in their utility as a biomarker. Detection of nucleosomes in feline blood has yet to be described. Optimal collection tube and processing technique for samples intended for nucleosome analysis varies in the available veterinary and human literature. The aims of this study were to evaluate nucleosome concentration in blood obtained from healthy cats, and describe the impact of collection and processing methods, including tube type, centrifugation protocol, and time to sample processing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Blood from sixty-four client-owned healthy domestic cats was collected and analyzed. Samples were collected into EDTA, serum separator and sodium citrate tubes. Processing of samples was performed at different timepoints (15, 30, 60, 120 min) and under different centrifugation protocols to ascertain the most reliable sample collection and processing technique. An ELISA with a detection antibody directed at histone 3.1 was utilized to determine nucleosome concentration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The smaller range of nucleosome concentrations in EDTA samples indicates higher reliability of samples collected into EDTA tubes. Concentrations in samples collected into serum separator and sodium citrate tubes were widely variable in comparison to EDTA tubes. There was no significant difference when comparing H3.1 nucleosome levels from samples collected into serum separator or sodium citrate tubes at the different time points from sample collection to processing. The H3.1 nucleosome levels in the EDTA sample processed at 120-min were significantly higher than those from all other EDTA timepoints. No significant difference in nucleosome concentration was found between centrifugation protocols.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Nucleosomes can be successfully measured in blood obtained from healthy cats. EDTA tubes provided more consistent results compared to sodium citrate and serum separator tubes for evaluation of H3.1 nucleosome levels. The significant increase in nucleosome concentration in EDTA samples that were processed after 120 min justifies sample processing within one hour of collection. Samples can be processed utilizing any of the centrifugation protocols used in this study.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"355"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12085036/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144092568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Encapsulated phytogenic oils enhance in vitro rumen fermentation and reduce methane emissions.","authors":"Srisan Phupaboon, Uswatun Muslykhah, Chaichana Suriyapha, Sukruthai Sommai, Maharach Matra, Gamonmas Dagaew, Rittikeard Prachumchai, Metha Wanapat","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04812-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04812-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This research aimed to investigate bioaccessibility of garlic oil extract (GOE) and riceberry rice bran oil extract (RBRBOE) and to enhance the stability and delivery of plant-derived essential oils. Two EOs were used to formulate through encapsulation techniques of microencapsulated black soldier fly (BSF) protein with a GOE matrix, (mBSF-GOE), and a nanoemulsified RBRBOE, (nRBRBOE). A completely randomized design was used for the treatments, with various ratios of feed additives between the mBSF-GOE and nRBRBOE supplementations at 0:0, 6:0, 4:2, 2:4, and 0:6 mg in diet, with the R: C ratio at 60:40 using in vitro gas study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The combination of mBSF-GOE and nRBRBOE at 4:2 mg for 12 and 24 h after fermentation had a significant impact on several factors (p < 0.01, < 0.05), including gas kinetics, cumulative gas production (96 h), in vitro dry matter degradability (IVDMD), and ruminal fermentation products. Specifically, the levels of propionate (C3) and total VFAs went up, while ruminal methane (CH₄) production decreased by 48.2%. Subsequently, there was no negative effect (p > 0.05) on the ruminal pH, ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) concentration, or the dynamics of the rumen microbiota population, while significantly decreasing the methanogen population in terms of Methanobacteriales (up to 3.3% after 24 h) (p < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on this study, it could be concluded that the supplementation of mBSF-GOE combined with nRBRBOE-based bioactive components could potentially be used as a ruminant feed enhancer to enhance fermentation efficiency and as technological feed additive substances to inhibit the methanogen population while mitigating CH₄ production.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"352"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12085062/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144092519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative antinociceptive and sedative effects of epidural romifidine and xylazine in dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius).","authors":"Mohamed A Hamed, Ibrahim S Zahran, Alaa Samy, Eman Fayad, Hanadi A Katouah, Foad Farrag, Mohamed M A Abumandour, Adel Sobhy, Ahmed A Elolimy, Ibrahim A Okene, Mustafa Shukry, Magdy Elgioushy","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04706-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04706-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, the pain-relieving and calming effects of giving romifidine and xylazine through an epidural in camels were compared. Twenty-one adult camels (9 non-pregnant females and 12 intact males) weighing between 400-450 kg were randomly divided into three equal groups. Each group received one of the following treatments: an equal volume of sterile saline, 0.17 mg/kg of xylazine, or 50 g/kg of romifidine. All of the treatments were put directly into the sacrococcygeal space after being diluted in 0.9% sterile saline solution until the final volume was 20 ml. Before treatment and then at 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min after administration, the perineal analgesia, sedation, and degree of ataxia were evaluated. At these same times, rectal temperature (RT), heart rate (HR), and respiration rate (RR) were simultaneously measured. Epidural administration of romifidine and xylazine resulted in varying degrees of sedation, ranging from mild to deep, alongside complete antinociception affecting the perineum, inguinal area, and flank. This effect extended distally to the coronary band of the hind limbs and cranially to the thoracic region. After romifidine, analgesia started more quickly than with xylazine (6 ± 1.05 vs. 14.17 ± 0.83). The duration of both antinociceptive for romifidine was substantially longer than that of xylazine (159 ± 6.38 vs. 63.33 ± 2.47). The onset time of sedation was substantially shorter after romifidine (6.8 ± 0.83 min) compared to xylazine (10.8 ± 0.83 min). Romifidine's sedative effect lasted longer than xylazine's (149.17 ± 4.16 vs. 108.33 ± 1.05 min). At every study measurement point, the romifidine and xylazine-treated groups showed negligible RT, HR, and RR changes. Conclusion: Romifidine or xylazine may be a reliable, durable, and economical method for epidural anesthesia in camels undergoing standing surgery, as romifidine has a faster onset and longer antinociceptive effect. Therefore, epidural romifidine could be a more effective treatment option for immediate postoperative pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"353"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12084896/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144092285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of nanoplate-based RT-dPCR assay for canine respiratory coronavirus detection in various clinical samples.","authors":"Panida Poonsin, Vorapun Wiwatvisawakorn, Chutchai Piewbang, Somporn Techangamsuwan","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04807-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04807-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) is a major contributor to the canine infectious respiratory disease complex (CIRDC). Despite its widespread prevalence, molecular assays for CRCoV detection remain limited. Additionally, the efficiency and accuracy of detection can vary depending on the type of clinical sample used, such as nasal swabs (NS), oropharyngeal swabs (OS), and rectal swabs (RS). To address these challenges, we developed a nanoplate-based reverse transcription digital polymerase chain reaction (RT-dPCR) method for detecting the spike gene of CRCoV in various clinical samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The RT-dPCR assay demonstrated consistent repeatability and reproducibility, ensuring reliable results. With a detection limit of 1.83 copies/µL, the RT-dPCR assay exhibited 100-fold greater sensitivity than probe-based reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). It showed no cross-reactivity with other common CIRDC-associated viruses or coronaviruses, confirming its high specificity for CRCoV. The assay was further validated using 162 clinical swab samples (NS, OS, and RS) collected from both healthy dogs and those with respiratory distress. The RT-dPCR assay showed a higher overall positivity rate for CRCoV compared to RT-qPCR, with the most notable difference observed in rectal swabs (P < 0.05), where RT-dPCR detected CRCoV in 53.7% of samples compared to 22.22% by RT-qPCR.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrated that the RT-dPCR assay provided high sensitivity for detecting low viral loads across various sample types, making it a valuable tool for precise CRCoV detection. In contrast, RT-qPCR remains valuable for its broader detection range and suitability in initial screening. Both techniques proved to be versatile tools that can contribute to advancing CRCoV research and improving clinical diagnostics.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"350"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12085003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144092318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overexpression of MCL-1 in canine hepatocellular carcinoma and its efficacy as a prognostic marker.","authors":"Jehun Baek, Jaeho Cho, Hun-Kyeong Shin, Wan Hee Kim","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04798-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04798-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL-1)-an anti-apoptotic protein of the B-cell lymphoma 2 family-is commonly overexpressed in human cancers, promoting tumorigenesis and chemoresistance. Upregulated MCL-1 in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been demonstrated in numerous studies, and therapeutic agents targeting this protein have been assessed. However, its prognostic significance in canine HCC remains unclear. The objective of this study was to detect MCL-1 protein in canine normal liver tissue and compare its expression level with that in HCC tissue using western blotting. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to quantify MCL-1 intensity levels in normal, non-neoplastic hepatic diseases, and HCC tissues, and the differences were assessed. Additionally, the relevance of MCL-1 immunostaining to various clinical and pathological parameters was evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MCL-1 expression was markedly elevated in HCC tissues relative to normal liver tissues (P = 0.029). Additionally, all 10 normal liver tissues exhibited low IHC expression, which significantly increased as the malignancy progressed (P < 0.001). In the HCC samples, high MCL-1 immunostaining was substantially correlated with metastatic status (P = 0.034) and tumor size (P = 0.046). Moreover, survival curve analysis revealed a significant relationship between upregulated MCL-1 and lower disease-free survival and overall survival rate (P = 0.006 and P = 0.031, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MCL-1 expression is increased in canine HCC, and its overexpression significantly correlates to worse clinical outcomes. Therefore, MCL-1 is considered to be a promising prognostic marker.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"349"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12082996/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the safety and feasibility of extracorporeal therapy: therapeutic plasma exchange in dogs - report of five cases.","authors":"Suellen Rodrigues Maia, Reiner Silveira de Moraes, Silvano Salgueiro Geraldes, Maria Gabriela Picelli de Azevedo, Amanda Garcia Stefaniszen, Márcio Antônio Batistela Moreira, Angélica Afonso, Henry David Mogollón García, Adriano Sakai Okamoto, Alessandra Melchert, Maria Lúcia Gomes Lourenço, Regina Kiomi Takahira, Fabiana Ferreira de Souza, Rogério Giuffrida, Priscylla Tatiana Chalfun Guimarães Okamoto","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04758-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04758-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) has been used in immunological diseases, conditions of hyperviscosity, and the removal of protein-bound drugs and toxins. Although complications may be encountered, its use has been reported to offer some degree of safety and clinical improvement for dogs. This case report aimed to describe the feasibility and safety of TPE in dogs.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>Five dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) and/or canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) not responsive to immunosuppressive treatment underwent TPE by centrifugation. Physical, laboratory, and cardiovascular parameters were assessed pre- and post-TPE. Although one dog presented with angioedema and another dog presented with neurological signs (nystagmus) during the procedure, no other significant hemodynamic or hemostatic complications were observed, and both the physical and cardiovascular parameters remained stable post-TPE. Both angioedema and nystagmus were controlled at post-TPE. A tendency for a decrease in serum protein and ionic calcium was the main laboratory finding.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Centrifugation-based TPE is a safe and feasible therapy in dogs with IMHA and CVL. Attention should be given to hypocalcemia, the tendency toward hypoproteinemia, and secondary complications such as the occurrence of neurological signs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"348"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12082980/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}