BMC Veterinary Research最新文献

{"title":"Oral delivery of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in alginate spheres to captive white-tailed deer.","authors":"Paola M Boggiatto, Haley Sterle, Luis Fernandes, Hayden Hamby, Kurt VerCauteren, Abigail Feuka, Henry Campa, Carly Kanipe, Steven C Olsen, Mitchell V Palmer","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04643-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04643-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by infection with Mycobacterium bovis, continues to be an animal and zoonotic concern in many parts of the world, including the United States. Long-standing eradication programs have been successful at lowering prevalence of disease in many countries; however, disease eradication has not been achieved. One major obstacle to eradication is the presence of various wildlife reservoirs for M. bovis, such as white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), which serve as a source of spill-back to cattle herds. A potential method to reduce intra- and inter-species disease transmission of M. bovis between wildlife and domestic livestock includes vaccination of wildlife species. Oral vaccination of white-tailed deer with the human tuberculosis vaccine, M. bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been demonstrated to afford some level of protection against experimental challenge. However, vaccinating wildlife presents its own challenges, primarily due to the need of a delivery platform that could be implemented at scale and would not require animal handling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Oral vaccine delivery units or baits are an effective means of delivering vaccine to wildlife populations. Therefore, we explored whether sodium alginate spheres could be used as a delivery platform for BCG for vaccination of white-tailed deer. We assessed the development of peripheral immune responses following BCG vaccination and demonstrated that passive administration of BCG via alginate spheres results in antigen-specific cellular responses, similar to oral administration of BCG.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our data characterize the kinetics of cellular responses elicited by oral vaccination and suggest passive oral administration of BCG as a potential means to vaccinate free-ranging white-tailed deer.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"193"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11929337/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143676599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of characteristics and classification for swine vertebral osteomyelitis in South Korea.","authors":"Seung-Jae Han, Yo-Han Kim, Dong-Kyu Lee, Chang-Won Im, Sung-Jae Kim, Jeong-Hee Han","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04633-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04633-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vertebral osteomyelitis (VO) is a major cause of condemnation in swine slaughterhouses, leading to economic losses for farmers. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and classification of VO cases in South Korean slaughterhouses, focusing on their relationship with pyemia and their potential to reduce unnecessary total condemnation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings confirmed that swine VOs are often associated with tail-biting injuries, particularly in the posterior vertebrae, underscoring tail biting as a prominent risk factor. Trueperella pyogenes were the most prevalent among the bacterial pathogens, while additional less common bacteria were also identified, warranting further research on their potential pathogenic roles. According to the VO classification scheme used in this study, 75% of the 20 VO cases examined were classified as acute VO, whereas the remaining cases were chronic. It was revealed that only 10% (2/20) of the VO cases were in a state of pyemia at the time of slaughter (true pyemia) and these true pyemia cases were found only in the acute VOs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The VO classification scheme tested in this study demonstrated high sensitivity (100%), indicating its robustness in avoiding false negatives and ensuring food safety. Of the carcasses that could have undergone unnecessary condemnation, 22.2% were excluded. The results indicate that the VO classification scheme is recommended as a measure to reduce unnecessary total condemnation induced by VO.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"192"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11929358/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143676576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-dependent metabolic and behavioural alterations in a rat model of forced exertion-induced myopathy.","authors":"Crystal Lubbe, Brian H Harvey, Francois P Viljoen, Leith Meyer, De Wet Wolmarans","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04650-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04650-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mass boma capture (MBC) of ungulates may trigger a metabolic condition known as capture myopathy (CM), resulting in myoglobinuria and hyperthermia (rhabdomyolysis). Its pathobiology is poorly understood, especially the role of contextual reminders; a preclinical model system could thus be useful. Sixty (60) adult Sprague Dawley rats (30 rats per sex), divided into three experimental series (n = 12-24), were exposed to MBC-like exertion, viz., forced treadmill running (FTR) at 75% of VO_2MAX (30 m/min) with and without aversive noise (context) until physical exhaustion. Rectal and surface temperatures were measured before and after reaching exhaustion. Urine myoglobin, plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lactate, and creatine kinase (CK) were measured immediately and 15 days after MBC. Anxiety was assessed in the light-dark and social interaction tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Male and female MBC rats presented with significant hyperthermia, with females showing significantly increased urine myoglobin immediately after MBC, although this was not sustained until day 15 post MBC. LDH was significantly elevated in female rats at baseline but not day 15 post-MBC. Contextual re-exposure prior to testing on day 15 resulted in significant sex-dependent differences in myoglobin and CK concentrations, with female rats being significantly more affected. Only female rats trended towards increased anxiety-like behaviour immediately post-MBC exposure, which was not sustained until day 15 post MBC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This work builds on previous research using a rodent model of capture myopathy (CM) that confirmed the running protocol to effectively elicite the necessary muscular response. The MBC protocol emphasizes hyperthermia and increased urine myoglobin, sensitivity to contextual reminder (noise), and a trend towards anxiety, particularly in females, highlighting sex-specific physiological responses. By incorporating behavioural and biochemical assessments, acute versus delayed response and environmental triggers, the study enhances model validity and deepens insights into CM-related responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"194"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11929309/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143676622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repeated detection of SARS-CoV-2 in pet dogs in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria: a cause for vigilance.","authors":"I K Peter-Ajuzie, C N Chinyere, A B Olorunfemi, L Z Kpasham, O O Opaleye, A S Bakarey, O B Daodu, A N Happi, O A Olowe, C T Happi, D O Oluwayelu, O Ojurongbe, James O Olopade","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04647-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04647-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 was unprecedented in its devastating impact on the global economy, public health, travel and tourism, education, sports, religion, and social lives. Studies conducted thereafter on the disease and its causative agent, SARS-CoV-2, have highlighted the need for effective and sustainable public health interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study investigated the prevalence and endemicity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pet dogs using immunochromatography assay (IC) and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) of their blood, rectal swabs, and nasal swabs in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria between 2022 and 2024.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>For the IC, positivity rates of 11.7% (23/197), 85.7% (6/7), and 100% (3/3) were recorded for 2022, 2023 and 2024 while for the RT-qPCR, positivity rates of 37.9% (11/29), 33.3% (2/6) and 100% (3/3) were recorded for 2022, 2023 and 2024. This repeated detection of SARS-CoV-2 in three of the dogs tested over the three-year period suggests continuous shedding of the virus by these animals and indicates endemicity of the virus in the study area. Findings highlight the urgent need for optimized SARS-CoV-2 rapid diagnostic tools tailored for veterinary applications to ensure rapid and reliable detection of the virus, especially in resource-constrained settings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Considering the zoonotic nature of SARS-CoV-2 and its potential for mutation into more virulent strains that can be transmissible to humans, the findings of this study have significant implications for public health and implementation of One Health strategies by policymakers, and highlight the need for robust SARS-CoV-2 surveillance in domestic animals to mitigate potential zoonotic risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"196"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11929258/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143690919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic characterization of zoonotic hookworms infecting wild felids in northern India.","authors":"Thangam Venkatesan, Rasmita Panda, Anil Kumar Nehra, Hira Ram, M Karikalan, Devendra Prasad Pateer, Rajat Garg, A M Pawde","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04641-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04641-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hookworms are the most common soil-transmitted helminths that inhabit the small intestine of various domesticated and wild animals. Despite their conservation status, there is a paucity of research on hookworm infections in wild felids. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of hookworm infections in wild felids in northern India and to genetically characterize the hookworms. Faecal samples (n = 96) from wild felids (lion, tiger, leopard, panther, jungle cat, and civet cat) were examined for helminthic infections. Samples positive for hookworms were subsequently subjected to molecular analysis targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among helminthic infections, Ancylostoma spp. ranked second (7.3%) after Toxocara cati (13.5%). Molecular analysis identified two species, A. caninum and A. ceylanicum. Phylogenetic analysis revealed distinct monophyletic clades for each species. Ancylostoma caninum formed a large clade with two subclades, one comprising Asian isolates and the other encompassing isolates from the Americas and Australia, whereas A. ceylanicum formed a single clade. Nucleotide identities ranged from 97.9 to 100% for A. caninum and from 99.1 to 100% for A. ceylanicum. Haplotype network analysis revealed eight haplotypes for A. caninum and six for A. ceylanicum. Genetic diversity correlated with geographic distance for A. caninum isolates, with Asian populations exhibiting high haplotype diversity but low nucleotide diversity. Neutrality indices suggested population stability for A. caninum and expansion for A. ceylanicum. Continent-wise analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that 52.66% of the variation occurred within A. caninum populations, while 47.34% occurred between populations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlighted the genetic diversity and molecular epidemiology of hookworms in wild felids.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"195"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11929282/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143676799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interstellar encounter: Postmortem imaging and virtopsy on a preserved anencephalic Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin specimen after 30 years.","authors":"Tommaso Gerussi, Tabris Yik To Chung, Henry Chun Lok Tsui, Winnie Chiu Wing Chu, Chi Kin Wong, Pui Ki Siu, Paolo Martelli, Brian Chin Wing Kot","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04534-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04534-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anencephaly is a deadly type of cephalic axial skeletal and neural disorder with a multifactorial aetiology that causes the failure of the rostral neuropore closure, compromising the formation of the neural folds, basicranium, and neurocranium. In cetaceans, there is only one report of this fetal abnormality, dated in late 1991, in a male stillborn Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus) and diagnosed using transabdominal ultrasonography on its mother that was kept under human care in the Ocean Park Corporation. After birth, physical and general radiographic examination showed kyphosis of the cervical and lordosis of the thoracic vertebrae, narrowed triangular skull base, thickening of an undersized maxilla, cranial vault defect including the absence of the bones constituting the roof of the cranial cavity. The stillborn was then fixed in formalin for future research.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>The preserved dolphin specimen was further investigated using different advanced radiological and imaging techniques postmortem, including 3D surface scanning (3DSS), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The scans were then used to conduct virtual necropsy (virtopsy) for detailed gross morphological analyses of the malformation. CT confirmed the total absence of the interparietal bone but also revealed the presence of greatly reduced other bones. The reduction of the parietal and occipital bone resulted in a large cranial vault defect instead of the interfrontal and fronto-occipital sutures. MRI showed the remaining of the optic and vestibulocochlear nerve which suggests the condition of human meroanencephaly.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In summary, this study reported the importance of the use of advanced radiological and imaging tools in rare and complex malformations such as anencephaly in a stillborn cetacean. Although the malformation was diagnosed using prenatal transabdominal ultrasonography, it was later confirmed revealing new insights using virtopsy. Although ultrasound is an established method to monitor pregnancy, fetal growth and wellbeing, virtopsy provided a more accurate characterization of the bone and neural malformations postmortem. This example highlighted the importance of using virtopsy as a postmortem technique to understand the nature and characteristics of pathologies in cetaceans.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"189"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143668609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunohistochemical analysis of smooth muscle actin and CD31 in feline post-injection site fibrosarcomas: association with tumour grade, vascular density, and multinucleated giant cells.","authors":"Mateusz Mikiewicz, Iwona Otrocka-Domagała","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04637-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04637-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Multinucleated giant cells are commonly observed in various malignancies; however their clinical and biological significance remains largely unexplored and it has been hypothesised that the cells may play a role in vascular mimicry, tumour progression and tumour survival. This study aimed to investigate the expression of smooth muscle actin and CD31 in feline post-injection site fibrosarcomas, focusing on relationships between multinucleated giant cells presence, tumour grade, and vascular density to elucidate their potential role in tumour progression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 61 feline post-injection site fibrosarcomas, histologically graded into grades I, II, and III, were examined immunohistochemically. Smooth muscle actin immunoreactivity was detected in 57/61 (93.4%) cases. Multinucleated giant cells expressing CD31 were identified in 39/61 (63.9%) cases, predominantly in high-grade tumours, with a correlation observed between multinucleated giant cell presence, tumour grade, and mitotic index. Vascular density differed across tumour grades. A negative correlation between vascular density, tumour grade and necrosis score was identified. Additionally, a negative correlation was observed between multinucleated giant cells presence and vascular density.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings suggest a complex tumour microenvironment in which multinucleated giant cells and vascular mimicry may facilitate tumour survival under hypoxic conditions, potentially contributing to an aggressive tumour phenotype.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"191"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927333/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143676802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards mHealth applications for pet animal owners: a comprehensive literature review of requirements.","authors":"Laura Haase, Brita Sedlmayr, Martin Sedlmayr, Dagmar Monett, Julia Winter","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04658-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04658-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Veterinarians experience high workloads and stress levels in their daily work, of which they need to be relieved as much as possible. The general public is showing great interest in digital health services. At the same time, animal owners and veterinarians are seeing telehealth services as particularly positive for triage aspects in veterinary medicine. One approach to support veterinarians may be to enable pet owners to, for instance, make informed decisions on how urgent their animal needs to be examined by a veterinary professional through an mHealth application. For this, stakeholder requirements need to be gathered, which should provide as a starting point for the development of such a decision support system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>955 publications were screened, resulting in the extraction of 10 requirements to mHealth applications for animal owners from 13 publications. Most frequently mentioned aspects were: ensuring complete information input by the user (6 mentions) and displaying a disclaimer about application limitations prominently (5 mentions).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Most of the extracted requirements focus on the design of the human-computer interface, revealing this as a crucial point to such applications, especially in guiding animal owners through information and ensuring understanding, particularly of application limitations. However, the small number of included publications shows that primary research in this field, in general, and in this specific topic in particular, is needed in order to fully reflect the requirements for an mHealth application to help animal owners decide on their animal's need to be examined by a veterinary professional.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"190"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143676640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of enriching heat-stressed rabbit diets with flaxseed oil with/ without allicin, lycopene, or Punicalagin on antioxidative status, physiological response and meat omega-3.","authors":"Yassmine M El-Gindy","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04615-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04615-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To improve the health and lifespan of customers, modern nutritionists have focused on improving meat quality and nutritional value. To enhance the unsaturation lipids of rabbit meat, different oil sources used in rabbit diets. Flaxseed oil (FSO) is one way to raise the polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid (ω3) in animal meats. On the other hand, FSO can cause high rates of oxidation in rabbit meat under heat stress. Therefore, the use of natural antioxidants may be a good strategy to produce functional meat under stress. The study investigated the beneficial impact of enriching heat stressed rabbit diets with FSO supplemented with/without allicin (ALC), lycopene (LCO) or punicalagin (PCA) during the last 3 weeks before slaughter at a ban temperature ranging from 30 to 35 C, humidity 70 to 82% and temperature humidity index of 27.9 to 31.2 on growth performance, antioxidative status, physiological response, liver and kidney function and ω3 & ω6. In total, 120 male V-line growing rabbits (5 weeks old) were divided into 5 groups, 24 rabbits each. CON rabbits fed a standard diet without supplementation, FO rabbits fed a diet with 1.5% FSO, FOA rabbits fed a diet with 1.5% FSO and 100 mg / kg of ALC diet, FOL rabbits fed a diet with 1.5% FSO with 100 mg LCO / kg of diet, FOP rabbits fed a diet with 1.5% FSO with 100 mg PCA / kg of diet. All treatments with flaxseed oil supplemented with antioxidants significantly elevated ω3 content and ratio between ω3/ω6 of rabbit meat (P ≤ 0.01) while concomitantly reducing total cholesterol without any significant change in physiological response (rectum temperature and respiration rate). Furthermore, these treatments markedly improved antioxidant status, as evidenced by increased total antioxidant capacity and decreased lipid peroxidation. Additionally, serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) significantly (P ≤ 0.01) elevated in FOA, FOL and FOP rabbits compared to the CON group. Supplementation with ALC, LCO and PCA could be recommended to restrain the results of oxidative stress results of enriched diets with ω3 and heat stress to provide healthier and functional rabbit meat (rich in ω3).</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"187"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11924766/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143668612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the role of synanthropic filth flies in the transmission of zoonotic parasites: field and laboratory evidence from different animal rearing sites in upper Egypt with focus on Cryptosporidium spp.","authors":"Omaima Ragab AbdAllah, Refaat M Gabre, Sara Abdelaal Mohammed, Ahmed Mohamed Korayem, Hala E Hussein, Alzahraa Abdelraouf Ahmad","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04627-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04627-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Synanthropic filth flies thrive in human and animal habitats, posing health risks through the transmission of infectious agents. They breed on organic waste, including animal feces, making them carriers of various pathogens. In Egypt, where livestock farming is common and poor sanitation, these flies may contribute to zoonotic disease transmission. The current study investigates parasitic infections in filth flies from three livestock farms in Assiut Governorate, Upper Egypt, highlighting their role as vectors for zoonotic infections, particularly Cryptosporidium, via morphological and molecular tools.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 12,749 flies were collected from the study sites via sweep nets. After taxonomic identification, the flies were examined microscopically for parasites using various concentration and staining techniques. Positive samples were further confirmed for infections, particularly for Cryptosporidium parasites, via nested PCR and sequence analysis targeting the COWP and SSU rRNA genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study revealed the presence of several fly species from seven dipteran families, particularly the family Muscidae, primarily Musca domestica, which presented a high parasite infestation rate of 96.6%. This study revealed a high prevalence of various protozoans and helminths in the collected flies. Cryptosporidium was the most prevalent parasite (64.4-100%), infecting all fly species. Entamoeba and Balantidium were also significant, especially in M. domestica (22.6-90.1%, 8.9-100%), Fannia canicularis (10.5-74.4%, 44.2-88.2%), and Borborillus vitripennis (11.1-50%, 37.2-91.4%). Giardia, Trichuris, and Trichostrongylidae had low to moderate prevalence in multiple fly species. Mites are commonly detected on fly exoskeletons, with high infestation rates observed in Musca domestica (77-100%) and Physiphora alceae (66.7-100%). The present study also reported sporadic infections with Trichomonas, Toxocara vitulorum, and pseudoscorpions, along with notable midge larval infestations (52.1%), mainly at site B. Parasitic infections were highest in autumn and spring, with the lowest rates in winter. Molecular identification confirmed the presence of the zoonotic species Cryptosporidium parvum and Cladotanytarsus gedanicus.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study revealed that zoonotic parasites exist in flies and pose potential risks when they are found near humans. Cryptosporidium parvum is the prevalent parasite causing diarrhea outbreaks in animals. This is the first genetic evidence of Cladotanytarsus gedanicus midge from Upper Egypt.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"188"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11924607/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143668672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}