BMC Veterinary Research最新文献

{"title":"Neutralizing nanobodies against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus: discovery and characterization.","authors":"Mengya Fan, Xuran Wang, Yangyang Yan, Lili Wang, Jiayi Wei, Guohu Chen, Yufei Wang, Junlan Zan, Lianping Xu, Fengsai Li, Shijie Yan, Shanshan Yang, Ping Rui, Zengjun Ma, Wei Liu, Tao Song","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05628-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05628-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes severe mortality in piglets, inflicting significant economic losses globally. Nanobodies (Nbs) offer distinct advantages over conventional antibodies for disease intervention. This study aimed to develop neutralizing Nbs against the PEDV spike (S) protein. We constructed a eukaryotic plasmid encoding the S protein of the CH-HB2-2018 strain and expressed it in HEK-293 F cells. Following alpaca immunization with the purified S protein, a phage display library was constructed. Biopanning yielded 70 unique Nbs based on CDR diversity, with 67 confirmed as specific binders via ELISA and Western blot. Further characterization using immunofluorescence and flow cytometry identified 9 specific candidates. Microneutralization assays revealed that these candidates showed varying degrees of inhibition against PEDV replication in Vero cells. Notably, nanobody 3Nb17 exhibited the highest binding affinity and neutralizing titer. These findings highlight 3Nb17 as a promising candidate for developing novel PEDV diagnostic tools and therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13393878/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148560793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liquid phytase as a complete substitute for supplemental inorganic phosphorus in plant-based diets for commercially farmed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).","authors":"Abdel-Fattah M El-Sayed, Salma M S Zeid, Emad Afifi, Khaled Mahmoud, Nermin E Khafaji, Sarah O Makled","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05625-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05625-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research project addressed the effect of commercial, liquid phytase (Ronozyme^®HiPhos- 20,000 FYT g^- 1) (dsm-firmenich, Switzerland), produced by Aspergillus niger, on growth performance, economic return, enzymatic activities, and immune defense in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) raised in a commercial tilapia farm. Adult, all-male fish, weighing 75.28 ± 0.66 g on average, were housed in triplicate in 2-m³ hapas, placed in an earthen fishpond, at a density of 40 fish hapa^- 1. The fish were offered a basal commercial, extruded (floating) tilapia diet (3 mm diameter, 30% CP and 18.6 MJ kg^- 1), supplemented with 10 g monocalcium phosphate (MCP) kg^- 1 (control), 2000 FYT phytase kg^- 1 or 50% of both MCP and phytase (5 g MCP + 1000 FYT kg^- 1) for 80 days. performance, muscle composition, and the activities of digestive and liver enzymes were not affected (P > 0.05) in all treatments. Phosphorus (P) content in fish flesh and bones significantly increased in individuals fed phytase-based diets compared to the MCP-based feed. Phytase-based diets at 2000 FYT kg^- 1 (with no MCP supplementation) and 1000 FYT kg^- 1 plus 5 g MCP kg^- 1 were more profitable than the reference diet. Exogenous phytase significantly increased (p < 0.05) blood erythrocytes (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), and leukocytes (WBCs), while mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), packed cell volume (PCV), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) remained unchanged. Immune and antioxidant parameters were also enhanced in fish fed the phytase-based feed, as evidenced by significant increases in alternative complement activity (ACH50), lysozyme activity, superoxide dismutase, and catalase, alongside reduced malondialdehyde concentrations (P < 0.05). Overall, these findings suggest that supplemental phosphorus (P) can be completely excluded from commercial tilapia feeds when the phytase enzyme (Ronozyme^®HiPhos) is added at approximately 2000 FYT kg^- 1. Phytase could also enhance the immune response and reduce the environmental impacts that would otherwise result from P release into the environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13401293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148590332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stakeholder perceptions of antimicrobial resistance governance in livestock production: a cross-sectional study from North-Central Nigeria.","authors":"Jones Soladoye Akinbobola, Kelvin Olutimilehin Jolayemi, Abdullahi Olawale Bello, Mujeeb Adetayo Adegbenro, Ruth Ifeoluwapo Akinbobola, Amina Ibrahim","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05755-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05755-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in food animal production poses a significant public health and agricultural challenge in Nigeria, driven by antimicrobial misuse, weak regulatory enforcement, and limited veterinary infrastructure. This cross-sectional study was conducted January-July 2025 across seven North-Central Nigerian states, assessed self-reported awareness, self-rated knowledge, perceptions, and implementation of AMR interventions among 800 stakeholders across five professional groups. Data were collected via online and in-person questionnaires and analysed descriptively with chi-square tests. Awareness of AMR was high (90.5%; n = 724), with 95.4% (n = 763) recognising it as a public health concern; however, only 17.9% (n = 143) self-rated their knowledge as excellent, significantly associated with profession (χ²=12.52, df = 12, p = 0.01) and education level (χ²=10.27, df = 9, p = 0.02). The most frequently perceived drivers of AMR were poor biosecurity (75.5%), weak veterinary oversight (75.0%), counterfeit drugs (73.9%), and antimicrobial overuse (72.9%), all varying significantly by profession (χ²=6.81-10.69, df = 4, p < 0.05). Education/awareness campaigns were most frequently selected as the most effective intervention (24.4%), with intervention rankings differing significantly by profession (χ²=13.62, df = 16, p < 0.01) and state (χ²=21.02, df = 24, p < 0.01). Awareness of the Federal AMR Committee varied markedly by profession (57.9% overall; χ²=167.36, df = 4, p < 0.001), highest among veterinarians (89.0%). Overall, 60.5% (n = 484) considered current regulations insufficient, differing significantly by profession (χ²=5.03, df = 8, p = 0.01). These findings suggest that while national-level AMR governance structures are recognised and valued, their perceived impact is limited by gaps in sub-national capacity and implementation. Strengthening local-level resources, regulatory enforcement, and targeted training may help translate policy into practice, addressing gaps in awareness, knowledge, and implementation capacity.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13685284/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149227273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhalable epitope vaccine 1022-SpaA V3 establishes nasal mucosal fortress against zoonotic Streptococcus suis.","authors":"Hong Chen, Yu Zheng, Jikun Mei, Peng Zhang, Yu Li, Fengyang Li, Liancheng Lei, Na Li","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05751-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05751-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2), a zoonotic pathogen, can breach the respiratory barriers and cause systemic infections in both humans and swine. Current vaccines against SS2 are mainly formulated as an injectable product and primarily induce serum IgG antibodies. However, there is an urgent need for inhalable vaccines that induce the mucosal immune response. Leveraging immunoinformatics, we designed a multi-epitope vaccine targeting conserved epitopes from two virulence factors of SS2, SSU05-1022 (IgA1 protease) and SpaA (pilus-associated protein). Four cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL), seven helper T-lymphocyte (HTL), and six B-cell epitopes were selected and fused using AAY/GPGPG/EAAAK linkers, with the L7/L12 ribosomal protein incorporated as an immunostimulatory adjuvant. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations revealed strong binding affinity between the vaccine (1022-SpaA V3 ) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4),and further cellular experiments confirmed that TLR4 mediated the pro-inflammatory cytokine expression induced by the candidate vaccine in macrophages. The recombinant vaccine was subsequently successfully expressed in vitro with high solubility. Intranasal delivery of 60 µg vaccine robustly elevated respiratory mucosal sIgA and IgG in serum, enhanced the proportion of B and CD4⁺T cells in nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT), lungs and spleens, and activated the CD80⁺ dendritic cell/macrophage in NALT and lungs. Challenge experiments in mice indicated that the inhalable vaccine provided significant, albeit strain-dependent, protection against selected SS2 clinical isolates, including the virulent strain SC19, 05ZYH33, CVCC606, and JZLQ022. Thus, these data suggest that the 1022-SpaA V3 vaccine, optimized through epitope prioritization, adjuvant synergy, and mucosal delivery, represents a promising candidate for combating SS2 infections via dual mucosal-systemic immunity.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13685080/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149227169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiological investigation of conjunctivitis in cats and dogs from Kars, Türkiye (2024-2025): culture- and MALDI-TOF MS-based identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacterial isolates.","authors":"Serdal Tarhane, Fatih Büyük","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05704-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05704-4","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Conjunctivitis is a common clinical disorder in cats and dogs, frequently associated with bacterial and fungal infections. Accurate identification of pathogens and evaluation of their antimicrobial resistance profiles are essential for effective treatment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Bacterial and fungal agents were analyzed using cultural and MALDI-TOF MS methods in conjunctival swab samples taken from 59 domestic animals (53 cats and 6 dogs) diagnosed with conjunctivitis and presented to veterinary clinics in Çankırı, Türkiye, during the period from 2024 to 2025.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Among the 59 conjunctival swab samples collected from cats and dogs with conjunctivitis, 20 (33.9%) were positive for bacterial culture. Of these, 17 positive cultures were detected in 53 cat samples (32.08%), whereas 3 were detected in 6 dog samples (50.0%). No growth was observed in cultures for anaerobic and Mycoplasma agents, and no evidence of fungal agents was found. Multiple bacterial isolates were isolated in six (10.17%) animals [5 cats (9.43%), 1 dog (16.67%)]. Species identification by MALDI-TOF MS revealed a total of 16 different bacterial species with high confidence scores (≥2.0) across both animal species. The most frequently isolated strains were Staphylococcus epidermidis (n= 7), Corynebacterium mucifaciens (n= 5), Psychrobacter spp. (n= 5), and Streptococcus lutetiensis (n= 4). Rare strains such as Brachybacterium muris (n= 1), Micrococcus luteus (n= 1), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n= 1) were also detected. In cats, S. epidermidis, Corynebacterium spp., Psychrobacter spp., and Streptococcus hyovaginalis were the most frequently isolated strains. In dogs, Streptococcus canis, Enterococcus durans, Corynebacterium mucifaciens, Micrococcus luteus, and Staphylococcus hominis ssp. hominis were detected. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was evaluated according to EUCAST and CLSI criteria and interpreted based on the inhibition zone diameter. Of the 37 bacterial isolates recovered, 32 (86.49%) exhibited multidrug-resistant (MDR) profiles. Particularly noteworthy were the extensive MDR patterns observed in Enterococcus durans, Enterococcus faecium, Psychrobacter sanguinis, Streptococcus hyovaginalis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, which showed resistance to 10-12 antimicrobial agents from multiple classes, including penicillins, tetracyclines, and cephalosporins.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Although no fungal agents were recovered, the study demonstrates that the bacterial species isolated from cats and dogs with conjunctivitis are highly diverse and that multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates are common. The antimicrobial susceptibility results provide valuable information on the resistance profiles of microorganisms associated with conjunctivitis cases in the study population. In addition, the detection of certain microorganisms with zoonotic potential underscores the impo","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13584272/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148982113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovery of KC-1: a novel porcine dendritic cell-targeting peptide with potential applications in swine vaccine design.","authors":"Bin Liu, Tian Xia, Chengjie Bian, Yanping Jiang, Wen Cui, Jiaxuan Li, Yijing Li, Li Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05692-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05692-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dendritic cells (DCs) are key antigen-presenting cells essential for initiating and regulating immune responses. While DC targeting has proven to be an effective strategy for vaccine enhancement, and targeting peptides have been extensively utilized as efficient delivery tools in DC-targeted drug and vaccine development, there remains a notable scarcity of peptides specifically selected through porcine dendritic cell screening platforms. In this study, phage display biopanning was employed to identify a novel DC-targeting peptide, designated KC (KCCYPNQMAAFA). Systematic alanine-scanning mutagenesis identified the N-terminal hexapeptide KC-1 (KCCYPN) as the minimal functional epitope responsible for DC binding. In addition to DCs, KC-1 also demonstrated selective binding to bone marrow-derived dendritic cells(BM-DCs)and porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) but exhibited no interaction with intestinal porcine epithelial (IPI) cells, swine testis (ST) cells, or Vero cells. Further analysis revealed that KC-1 specifically binds to the N-terminal region (1-126 aa) of SLA-DRB1, which is a key domain of the MHC II β-chain involved in the formation of the peptide-binding groove. Using the Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) S1 subunit as a model antigen, we further evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of KC-1 on DCs in vitro. The results demonstrated that KC-1-S1 significantly promoted DCs maturation and T-cell proliferation, accompanied by increased secretion of IL-4, IL-12, and IFN-γ. These findings indicate that KC-1-S1 enhances the overall immunogenicity of the antigen, triggering a robust and mixed immune response encompassing both Th1- and Th2-type cytokine profiles compared to controls. Collectively, this study characterizes the binding profile and preliminary immunomodulatory activity of the novel peptide KC-1 at the cellular level, providing basic experimental data and a reference for further development of porcine DC-targeted antigen delivery strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13682161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149223240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of barium sulphate and iohexol for gastrointestinal transit time in Barn owls (Tyto alba).","authors":"Can Nacar, Kamil Serdar Inal, Elif Bagatir Kurban, Hatice Ozlem Nisbet","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05753-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05753-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of the study is to compare gastrointestinal (GI) transit times and evaluate the adequacy of radiographic opacification of barium sulphate (BaSO₄) and iohexol in Barn owls (Tyto alba). Eight healthy juvenile owls were included in a randomized crossover study with a 5-day washout period. BaSO₄ (30% w/v) and iohexol (300 mg I/ml, undiluted) were administered in a randomized order to prevent order effects and were administered via orogastric tube at a dosage of 25 ml/kg. Serial radiographs were obtained at specific intervals for up to 300 min. Three independent observers evaluated the images for transit times using a time-blinded protocol.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Total transit time (esophagus to cloaca) was significantly shorter for iohexol (5.0 ± 0.0 min) compared to BaSO₄ (15.0 ± 8.4 min) (p = 0.039). Both agents provided adequate radiopacity for clear anatomic differentiation. No adverse effects or contrast-related complications were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Limitations of this study include the small sample size (n = 8) and the use of static radiography rather than fluoroscopy, which precluded real-time motility assessment. Iohexol is a safe and significantly faster alternative to BaSO₄ for GI contrast studies in Barn owls. It is particularly advantageous in emergency cases requiring rapid diagnosis or involving suspected GI perforation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13644073/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148547740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First records of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in voles and selected Apodemus species in Serbia.","authors":"Goran Jokić, Tanja Blažić, Marina Žekić, Linda Bjedov, Vladimir Gajdov, Tamaš Petrović, Sara Savić","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05727-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05727-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Voles and Apodemus mice are recognized as important hosts for numerous parasites and pathogens. Understanding the occurrence of zoonoses, key host characteristics, and the factors influencing their population dynamics and distribution is essential for predicting disease occurrence and assessing the risks of transmission and spread. Determining the role of voles and field mice, in maintaining Borrelia burgdorferi, s.l. in the environment clarifies its transmission during tick activity periods and highlights the need for timely monitoring and control measures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We examined the prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in solid heart tissue of small rodent species (Clethrionomys glareolus, Apodemus spp., Microtus spp.). Detection and molecular typing of bacteria was completed using real-Time PCR and Sanger sequencing. The presence of the pathogen Borrelia afzelii in voles (Microtus arvalis, C. glareolus) and mice (Apodemus agrarius, Apodemus sylvaticus) was recorded in Serbia for the first time during this study. The prevalence of B. burgdorferi s.l. infection in the collected M. arvalis and C. glareolus was 12.9%. and 8.2%, respectively. The prevalence of infected A. agrarius and A. sylvaticus was 66.7% and 20%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The presence of B. burgdorferi s.l. in the sampled animals suggests that rodent species may act as hosts for this pathogen and contribute to its maintenance in the environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13681966/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148547778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatal traumatic injury patterns in free-roaming cats: an anatomopathological study of 40 cases.","authors":"Rubia Avlade Guedes Sampaio, Rodrigo Gonçalves Ferreira, Ícaro Matheus Martins Leite, Isabelle Vieira de Sousa, Gedean Galdino da Cruz Silva, Markyson Tavares Linhares, Wellida Karinne Lacerda, Lucas Rannier Ribeiro Antonino Carvalho, Ricardo Barbosa Lucena","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05733-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05733-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Trauma is an important cause of death in domestic cats, particularly in animals with unrestricted outdoor access. However, necropsy-based studies focusing specifically on immediately fatal trauma in free-roaming cats remain limited. This study aimed to characterize fatal traumatic injuries in free-roaming cats through a retrospective anatomopathological review of feline necropsies performed over a 10-year period at the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory of the Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Brazil, based on gross findings, histopathology, and complementary imaging when available.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 289 feline necropsies examined between September 2014 and September 2024, 40 cases (13.84%) were classified as immediately fatal traumatic injuries in free-roaming cats. Blunt force trauma predominated (32/40), followed by sharp-force trauma (7/40) and projectile trauma (1/40). Road traffic accident was the most frequent recorded or presumed traumatic mechanism. Lesions most frequently involved the thorax (31/40), and multiple body regions were affected in 25/40 cases. The most common gross findings were extrapulmonary hemorrhage, pulmonary hemorrhage, atelectasis or pulmonary collapse, fracture, hemothorax, hemoperitoneum, visceral herniation into the thoracic cavity, and diaphragmatic rupture. Compared with sharp-force trauma, blunt force trauma was associated with significantly higher EGTN values and with a greater frequency of extrapulmonary hemorrhage, fracture, pulmonary hemorrhage, and abdominal/visceral involvement. Among vehicle-identified road traffic trauma cases, car-related trauma was associated with higher EGTN values and greater multiregional involvement than motorcycle-related trauma. Concurrent non-traumatic lesions were recorded in five cases, and potentially predisposing conditions, most commonly chronic debilitating or neoplastic diseases, were identified in nine.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Immediately fatal trauma in free-roaming cats was dominated by blunt force trauma, most often associated with road traffic accidents, and characterized by extensive thoracic involvement, frequent multiregional distribution, and severe internal damage. Systematic necropsy, supported by histopathology and complementary imaging when available, provided valuable information on lethal lesion patterns, probable traumatic mechanisms, and concurrent non-traumatic conditions. These findings highlight the value of veterinary pathology in the characterization of fatal feline trauma and in the broader contexts of forensic interpretation, animal welfare assessment, and prevention-oriented understanding of trauma in free-roaming cat populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13390247/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148535022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivity of the iFalcon^TMV700 rebound tonometer to measurement distance, angle and position in ex-vivo rabbit eyes.","authors":"Jing Jin, Hao Cheng, Yunhao Su, Ji Fu","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05747-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05747-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rebound tonometers are widely used for intraocular pressure (IOP) monitoring in animal experiments. However, previous studies and clinical experience have demonstrated that their measurements are susceptible to operator-dependent factors, such as variations in measuring distance, probe angle, and corneal impact position, all of which may contribute to reading variability. To evaluate the measurement stability of the iFalcon^TMV700 rebound tonometer under different measuring conditions, this study employed a stepwise pressure-increasing protocol to set eight target IOP levels (10-50 mmHg) in two enucleated rabbit eyes (n = 2). We systematically investigated the effects of measuring distance (4-7 mm), measuring angle (approximately 30° superior, inferior, left, and right relative to the corneal normal), and corneal measuring location (central cornea and 3 mm peripheral cornea) on IOP readings. Paired t-tests were used to compare measurements between each test condition and its corresponding reference condition. Stratified analyses were performed across different IOP levels to assess the potential influence of IOP. The results showed that the maximum mean differences caused by distance, angle, and position factors were - 1.8125 mmHg, - 0.9450 mmHg, and - 1.8175 mmHg, respectively, all of which were less than 2 mmHg, with low measurement dispersion at each IOP gradient. Although the iFalcon^TMV700 exhibited statistically significant dependent biases under the aforementioned operating conditions, the absolute magnitudes were limited and had little impact on experimental interpretation and conclusions, suggesting that the device demonstrates reasonable measurement stability under the tested conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13678920/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148535209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}