BMC Veterinary Research最新文献

{"title":"Preparation and immunogenicity studies of NvIBDV VP2-ferritin nanoparticles.","authors":"Shimin Gao, Xinrui Zhou, Xinya Li, Liezhu Luo, Kun Yang, Yunzhen Huang, Yun Bao, Xingchen Wu, Yanna Guo, Junping Li, Yuanmeng Shao, Longlong Wang, Zhe Liu, Minhua Sun, Libin Liang","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04914-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04914-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infectious bursal disease (IBD), caused by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), is a highly contagious disease that is prevalent worldwide and poses a significant threat to the poultry industry. While commercially available vaccines are used for prevention, IBD outbreaks remain frequent.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The continuous mutation of virulent strains and their ability to evade traditional vaccine protection complicate IBD control, which necessitates the development of novel vaccines and a deeper understanding of viral mutation mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Utilizing the self-assembly capability of ferritin (Fe), the hypervariable region (HVR) protein of a novel variant IBDV (NvIBDV) VP2 was displayed on the ferritin shell, forming regular nanoparticles. The full-length NvIBDV VP2 protein and the NvIBDV VP2-HVR-Fe fusion protein were prokaryotically expressed in E. coli and purified to prepare a VP2 protein vaccine and a VP2-Fe nanoparticle vaccine. An inactivated NvIBDV vaccine served as a control for evaluating immunogenicity and protection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Recombinant prokaryotic expression vectors pET-VP2-Fe (encoding VP2-HVR-Fe) and pET-VP2 (encoding full-length VP2) were successfully constructed. Soluble VP2-Fe and VP2 proteins were expressed and purified. Electron microscopy confirmed the formation of a cage-like nanoparticle structure for VP2-Fe. Immunization of SPF chickens with NvIBDV VP2-Fe nanoparticles induced a robust immune response characterized by high antibody titers and a significantly high protection rate against viral challenge.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The successfully constructed recombinant subunit nanoparticle vaccine, which displays the NvIBDV VP2 HVR on ferritin, effectively increased the antibody titer and provided superior immune protection. This approach offers a feasible strategy for developing novel IBDV subunit vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"506"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12326652/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144788166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and identification of a novel monoclonal antibody against African swine fever virus p15 protein.","authors":"Jian He, Mingzhan Luo, Mengyang Zhang, Xiaomin Hu, Yangkun Liu, Lunguang Yao","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04954-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04954-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>African swine fever (ASF) is a highly lethal infectious disease caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV). Due to the absence of effective vaccines and antiviral drugs, the slaughter of infected and exposed pigs is a current prevention and control measure. Early diagnosis is crucial for the management of ASFV, and the p15 protein plays a critical role in the maturation of ASFV particles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, a prokaryotic expression system obtained highly pure soluble p15 protein, and four monoclonal antibodies (3 C, 4B, 5D, 8 F) were prepared. These antibodies demonstrated the specific recognition of exogenously expressed p15. Antigenic epitopes were initially mapped using six overlapping p15 truncated proteins. Results showed that the epitopes of 3 C, 5D, and 8 F were all located in P49-N65, which is highly conserved among genotypes I, II, VII, IX, X, and XX. In contrast, 4B identified an epitope located at K105-R132, which was conserved only in genotypes I, II, and XX ASFV.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study identified two novel conserved epitopes, P49-N65 and K105-R132. This provided valuable insights into the antigenic epitopes of ASFV p15 protein, contributing to a better understanding of its functional properties and demonstrating potential utility for the development of ASFV diagnostic tools.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"508"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12326869/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144793468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of moderate-protein and high-protein diets, including mealworm meal or poultry by-product meal, on immunological variables in healthy adult dogs.","authors":"Sophie-Kristin Heinze, Jürgen Zentek, Kathrin Büttner, Andreas Moritz, Nadine Paßlack","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04945-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04945-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Insect meals are increasingly being used as an ingredient in diets for dogs. However, little is known about their effects on the immune function of the animals. In the present investigation, mealworm meal was included in two complete diets with either a moderate or a high protein concentration (3.47% or 5.45% nitrogen in dry matter). Two diets with comparable protein levels (3.66% and 5.17% nitrogen in dry matter), but based on poultry by-product meal, served as control treatments. The diets were offered to 10 healthy adult beagle dogs, using a randomized crossover design. Each diet was fed for 4 weeks. Fasting blood samples were collected on day 24 of each feeding period for immune cell phenotyping, proliferation and phagocytosis assays, as well as for the measurement of plasma immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All dogs remained healthy throughout the study. The percentages of CD4⁺ cells in the blood of the dogs were lower, and the percentages of CD8⁺ cells were higher, when the diets with mealworm meal and the high-protein diets were fed. An interaction effect between the dietary protein source and protein level could be detected for the phagocytic activity of blood granulocytes as well as for the plasma concentrations of IgA and IgE.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both the protein source and protein level had an impact on the immune system of the dogs. The observed immunological changes were, however, not linked to any adverse food reactions, suggesting that the clinical relevance of these findings is likely small. Further studies should evaluate the immunological properties of dietary mealworm meal also in diseased animals, particularly in allergic dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"504"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12323190/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144788165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case report of an incidental left coronary artery to main pulmonary artery fistula in a dog.","authors":"C F Agudelo, B Lukac, A Bockay, V Vargova, G Kackova, M Figurova, S Hornak","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04730-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04730-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A vascular communication between the left coronary artery and the main pulmonary artery (coronary fistula) was incidentally diagnosed in a 3-year-old female Tatran hound during a pre-anesthetic evaluation using echocardiography. Trauma and endocarditis were not suspected given the patient's history, clinical examination, and diagnostic imaging, which could have contributed to the development of this condition. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed dilation of the left coronary ostium, and continuous shunting on color and spectral Doppler was observed and this led to the diagnosis of coronary artery fistula. This diagnosis was confirmed through computed tomography. Coronary artery fistulas are infrequent findings in both humans and animals. According to the authors, this is the first reported clinical case of a congenital fistula between the left coronary artery and the main pulmonary artery in a dog.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"503"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12323072/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144783455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serovars and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates from clinical-case pigs in Taiwan.","authors":"Wei-Fan Kwan, Yanwen Li, Janine T Bossé, Ming-Tang Chiou, Hsien-Jen Chiu, Paul R Langford, Preben Mortensen, Chao-Nan Lin","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04878-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04878-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pleuropneumonia remains an important challenge to swine production worldwide. The causative agent, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar prevalence in countries can change over time. Few Taiwanese A. pleuropneumoniae prevalence studies have been published, and recent large-scale investigations remain notably scarce. This study aimed to identify the serovars and antimicrobial sensitivity of 96 current Taiwanese A. pleuropneumoniae clinical isolates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 99 A. pleuropneumoniae determinations, 40 (40.4%) were serovar 15, 29 (29.3%) were serovar 5, 15 (15.2%) were serovar 1, 11 (11.1%) were serovar 7, and 4 (4.0%) were serovar 2. Therefore serovar 15 was the most predominant between 2015 and 2022. Resistance of the isolates was minimal to ceftiofur (3.2%), cephalexin (5.2%), cephalothin (6.3%) and enrofloxacin (9.3%), moderate to gentamicin (28.4%), and high for florfenicol, amoxicillin and ampicillin (45.1-68.4%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study updates the serovar and antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of Taiwanese clinical A. pleuropneumoniae isolates, showing that serovars 15, 5, 1, 7, and 2 collectively predominate in clinical outbreaks. Local A. pleuropneumoniae isolates exhibited high resistance to antimicrobials currently used in the Taiwanese pig production, such as amoxicillin, ampicillin, and florfenicol. However, there was low resistance to cephalexin, cephalothin, tilmicosin and lincospectin (injectable only) which can be recommended for current use in Taiwan, considering both efficacy and public health risks. Notably, isolates of the same serovar collected from the same farm on the same day occasionally displayed distinct resistance patterns, emphasizing the complex dynamics of antimicrobial resistance. Our data will help veterinarians and producers refine vaccination and treatment protocols, highlighting the importance of ongoing surveillance to respond effectively to evolving resistance trends.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"502"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12323125/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144783456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional analysis of femoral tunnel placement in canine cranial cruciate ligament reconstruction.","authors":"Tsai-Yu Lee, Ching-Ho Wu, Cheng-Chung Lin","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04932-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04932-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accurate femoral tunnel placement is essential for successful anatomical intra-articular reconstruction of the cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL), a standard treatment for anterior cruciate ligament disease in humans. Surgical outcomes are influenced by multiple factors related to tunnel placement, including ligament footprint restoration, tunnel length, and graft bending angle (GBA), among others. However, no consensus has been reached regarding the optimal placement of the femoral tunnel for CrCL reconstruction in dogs. This study aimed to investigate the effects of various femoral tunnel entry (FTE) points on these key parameters to determine favourable tunnel locations for canine CrCL reconstruction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The influences of various FTE points were evaluated based on six parameters: footprint coverage, footprint overhang, footprint similarity, tunnel length, tunnel-face angle, and GBA. Three-dimensional femoral models reconstructed from CT scans of 25 canine cadaveric hindlimbs were used to simulate tunnel placement. In addition, tibiofemoral kinematic data from 13 client-owned dogs during treadmill gait were analysed to quantify the GBA associated with each simulated tunnel.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A more proximal extracapsular tunnel aperture relative to Blumensaat's line provided greater footprint coverage, improved similarity, and longer tunnel length. However, along the cranial-caudal axis, a trade-off emerged between these factors and GBA, suggesting that a mid-range position may offer the most balanced compromise.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Placing the FTE point proximally is preferable, while a mid-range cranial-caudal position may best balance key factors affecting postoperative outcomes in dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"501"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12317520/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144768384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Dal blood type and dog erythrocyte antigens 1 and 4 among canine blood donors and recipients in Seoul, South Korea.","authors":"Hyouju Kim, Hyun-Jung Han","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04927-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04927-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The demand for blood transfusions in veterinary medicine is increasing in South Korea, particularly for canine patients. While dog erythrocyte antigen (DEA) 1 is a known cause of acute hemolytic reactions, previous studies have underscored the involvement of DEA 4 and Dal. However, research on these crucial antigens remains limited in South Korea compared to North America and Europe, resulting in a knowledge gap concerning transfusion risks. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of the Dal and DEA 1 and 4 blood types among canine blood donors and recipients in Seoul. Residual blood samples were collected from 105 donor and recipient dogs admitted to the Konkuk Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital between April and September 2023. The DEA type 1 blood type was identified using immunochromatographic strip technology, while Dal and DEA 4 blood types were determined through agglutination reactions on specialized test cards.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 105 dogs, 74 (70.48%) tested positive for DEA 1, 97 (92.38%) were DEA 4-positive, and 81 (77.14%) were Dal-positive. Some breeds not previously associated with Dal-negative outcomes, including nine Labrador Retrievers, five Golden Retrievers, a Shepherd, a Siberian Husky, an American Bully, a Miniature Poodle, and a Pungsan dog, tested negative for Dal on agglutination tests. Similarly, three Labrador Retrievers, three Golden Retrievers, one Samoyed, and one Doberman Pinscher tested negative for DEA 4. Larger breeds generally exhibited a lower prevalence for all tested blood types. The prevalence of DEA 1 observed in this study (70.48%) is consistent with prior studies; however, Dal and DEA 4 exhibited lower prevalence rates than those reported in Europe and North Americas, with Dal at 77.14% (compared to 89.3-100%) and DEA 4 at 92.38% (compared to 98.8-100%). Notably, breeds such as Labrador Retrievers, the most represented breed in our sample, exhibited low prevalence, suggesting that they may be an optimal donor in Seoul.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The distributions of DEA 1, DEA 4, and Dal blood types may reveal distinct prevalence patterns in Seoul, South Korea, possibly due to geographical differences, as existing data primarily reflect findings from European and North American.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"500"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12315364/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144764497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of water treadmill training, lunging and treadmill training in the rehabilitation of horses with back pain.","authors":"Tobias Geiger, Liesa Lindenhahn, Julien Delarocque, Florian Geburek","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04950-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04950-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Data about efficacy of different training modalities during rehabilitation of horses with back pain is scarce. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of water treadmill training, lunging and dry treadmill training in horses with back pain.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Eighteen warmblood riding horses referred with confirmed clinical signs of back pain including abnormal responses to passive mobilisation were randomized into three groups to participate in a 6-week water treadmill training, lunging or dry treadmill program under otherwise identical conditions. Two clinicians, one blinded to the program, performed a structured clinical examination of the back at three time-points (baseline, week 3, week 6). Mechanical nociceptive thresholds were determined with pressure algometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Visual muscle development scores for the lumbar region (p = 0.001) and palpation sensitivity scores along the thoracic and lumbar region significantly improved at week 6, compared to baseline (p < 0.001). No differences in mechanical nociceptive thresholds were detected between water treadmill training, lunging and dry treadmill training at any time-point (p > 0.05). At week 3 and 6 of all programs mechanical nociceptive thresholds significantly increased at the level of the 10th to 18th thoracic (T18) and 3rd lumbar vertebra (L3) compared to baseline.</p><p><strong>Discussion/main limitations: </strong>Small group size, lack of control group with ridden rehabilitation exercise.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Different training programs without a rider could be beneficial for horses with back pain. Water treadmill training seems equivalent to dry treadmill training and lunging to increase mechanical nociceptive thresholds in the region with main saddle contact.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"495"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12305931/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144741126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paratuberculosis in small ruminants in the Sudan: prevalence and risk factors.","authors":"Sanaa M Idris, Wisal A Elmagzoub, Julius B Okuni, Lonzy Ojok, Mohamed E Mukhtar, Enass M Abdalla, Sulieman M El Sanousi, Ahmad Amanzada, Uwe Truyen, Ahmed Abd El Wahed, ElSagad Eltayeb, Kamal H Eltom, Ahmed A Gameel","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04920-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04920-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Paratuberculosis (PTB), caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), is a contagious and chronic enteric disease of ruminants and many non-ruminants leading to emaciation and death of the animal. PTB is poorly investigated in sheep and goats in Sudan, where these animals contribute significantly to food security and poverty alleviation as sources of income. They also play an important role in the national economy through animal exports. The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence of PTB and associated risk factors in small ruminants. Blood and faecal samples were collected from 818 sheep and goats aged > 1 year in 111 flocks distributed over five states (Blue Nile, West Kordofan, Khartoum, the Gezira and White Nile) of the country from November 2020 to October 2022. Serum samples were tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of MAP antibodies and the faecal samples were tested for MAP DNA using a recombinase aided amplification (RAA) assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall true animal-level prevalence of PTB was 10.7% by RAA (4.2% in sheep, 6.5% in goats) and 1.7% by ELISA (0.7% in sheep, 1.0% in goats). At the flock level, prevalence was 41.8% by RAA and 8.5% by ELISA. While no significant associations were found between animal-level factors and PTB, several flock-level factors including breed homogeneity, source of new animals, management system, animal movement, separation of sick animals, and flock history of PTB were significantly associated with MAP detection (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The high flock-level prevalence of MAP DNA indicates a potential risk for environmental dissemination, especially under open grazing systems. Despite the relatively low seroprevalence, molecular detection suggests subclinical infection may be underdiagnosed. These findings highlight the importance of using combined diagnostic methods for effective PTB surveillance and control. Improved flock management practices are recommended to reduce MAP transmission and environmental contamination.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"496"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12305951/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144741128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the spatial distribution pattern of animal bites in Southern Iran: implications for public health interventions.","authors":"Hossein Ghazanfarpour, Mohsen Pourkhosravani, Elaheh FallahLaleh-Zari, Ehsan Movahed","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04750-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04750-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Animal bites are an important and dangerous threat to human health, and in many cases, the venom from the bite or the subsequent infections can threaten human life. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to evaluate and analyze the spatial distribution of animal bites in Zahedan City.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This applied study is descriptive-analytical. Data collection was done through documentary and field methods. Data related to patients with animal bites in Zahedan City were collected from health centers in Zahedan City between 2017 and 2019. Data related to temperature and precipitation were also obtained from the Meteorological Organization. To evaluate the spatial distribution pattern of patients with animal bites, three nearest neighbor average methods, global Moran spatial autocorrelation method, and local spatial autocorrelation method were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The highest number of animal bites occurred in August and July (338 and 324 cases, respectively), with dogs causing the most bites (2725 (78.1%)). The most common cause of animal bites was a sudden attack by an animal (33%).The results also indicate that more animal bites occurred in summer and spring than in autumn and winter (P-Value < 0.05). The results of spatial distribution analysis showed that the distribution of this disease is clustered, so that in the northern regions, the concentration of high-high clusters is high, and in the eastern and southern regions, the concentration of low-low clusters is low. The study of the spatial distribution of animal bites about land use shows that the highest number of animal bites occurred in the industrial area of ​​Zahedan City, followed by agricultural lands, including gardens and wastelands.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Considering the high frequency of bites in the summer compared to other seasons and the industrial and agricultural nature of the region, it seems that education of residents and populations, compliance with safety tips by the people, and greater attention by the authorities in the mentioned areas (prevention to control stray dogs, vaccination of domesticated animals) can prevent animal bites.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"494"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12306088/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144741085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}