BMC Veterinary Research最新文献

{"title":"Comparative bioavailability study of two oral formulations of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid in healthy dogs.","authors":"Kananuch Vasuntrarak, Koranis Patthanachai, Piyawan Charoenlertkul, Suphachai Nuanualsuwan, Henrique Cheng, Nipattra Suanpairintr","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04649-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04649-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid combination (AMX-CA) is a widely used oral antibiotic for companion animals. In Thailand, various AMX-CA formulations are available. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the pharmacokinetic profiles and relative bioavailability of two AMX-CA formulations using a randomized, two-period, two-treatment crossover design in six healthy Beagle dogs. Each dog received a 250 mg AMX-CA tablet (formulation A or B) at a dosage of 20.5 ± 2.5 mg/kg, with a 7-day washout period between treatments. Blood samples were collected over a 24-h period post-administration, then AMX and CA concentrations were measured using LC-MS/MS. Bioequivalence was assessed based on the 90% confidence intervals (CI) for peak plasma concentration (C_max) and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve extrapolated to infinity (AUC_0-∞), which required to fall within 80%-125%.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The relative bioavailability of formulation B was 76.5% for AMX and 72.7% for CA, compared to formulation A. Only CA's C_max met the bioequivalence criteria, while the CIs for AUC_0-∞ and C_max of AMX and AUC_0-∞ of CA were outside the acceptable range.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Bioequivalence between the two formulations was not established, indicating that these formulations are not interchangeable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"173"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11912621/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface morphology of the oral cavity of redbelly tilapia, Coptodon zillii (Gervais, 1848).","authors":"Basma G Hanafy, Mohamed M A Abumandour","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04620-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04620-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is a scarcity of morphological data on the oral cavity of Tilapia zillii, so the current investigation aimed to reveal these morphological characteristics, focusing on the teeth of the upper and lower jaws, oral valves, palate, and tongue through both gross anatomical and scanning electron microscopic examinations. The premaxillary and dentary teeth were arranged in rostral and caudal groups with different lengths decreased towards the mouth corners. The rostral group was longer with two processes, while the caudal group had three processes. The rostral group of the premaxillary and dentary teeth was present in one row. While the caudal group of these teeth was present in several rows. At the upper jaw corner, the caudal group was in two rows, while it was in one row at the lower jaw corner. The different lengths in the premaxillary and dentary teeth in conjunction with the presence of processes on the tips of the teeth help shred the eaten particles. The oral cavity structures related to feeding habits in Tilapia zillii reflect its herbivorous behaviour. The knowledge of the nature of its oral cavity will help in identifying better methods for feeding in aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"179"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11912670/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143646926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial activity of tea tree and lavender essential oils and their effects on hatching performance and eggshell bacterial count of Japanese quail eggs.","authors":"Ebtsam E Iraqi, Amany A El-Sahn, Amal M El-Barbary, Mona M Ahmed, Alaa E Elkomy","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04576-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04576-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this work was to study the effect of tea tree (TTO) and lavender (LavO) essential oils instead of formaldehyde fumigation to disinfect the surface of fertilized eggshells. A total of 1050 fresh unwashed fertilized quail eggs were randomly divided into 7 groups and treated before incubation as follows: group 1 was untreated (negative control), group 2 was sprayed with 70% ethyl alcohol (positive control), group 3 was fumigated with formaldehyde gas (FF), groups 4-5 and 6-7 were sprayed with 2%, 3% TTO and 2%, 3% LavO, respectively. Spraying fertilized eggs with 3% TTO or LavO significant reduced (P < 0.05) egg weight loss and improved yolk sac absorption expressed as a decrease in the yolk sac remaining weight (P < 0.01), which coincided with increasing the percentage of embryonic weight at 14th day of incubation compared to the FF. TTO or LavO significantly boosted the hatching rate that correlated with significant reduction (P < 0.01) in embryonic mortality with preference for LavO. Spraying fertilized eggs immediately after collection with TTO or LavO significantly reduced (P < 0.01) total bacterial count on the eggshell surface compared to the FF. Thus, TTO and LavO can be used to disinfect fertilized eggs prior to incubation to improve hatching rates and chicks' quality upon hatching.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"176"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11912756/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifaceted analysis of equine cystic echinococcosis: genotyping, immunopathology, and screening of repurposed drugs against E. equinus protoscolices.","authors":"Noha Madbouly Taha, Mai A Salem, Mohamed A El-Saied, Faten F Mohammed, Mohamed Kamel, Mohamed M El-Bahy, Reem M Ramadan","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04616-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04616-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a neglected zoonotic disease that causes significant economic losses in livestock and poses health risks to humans, necessitating improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. This study investigates CE in donkeys using a multifaceted approach that includes molecular identification, gene expression analysis, serum biochemical profiling, histopathological and immunohistochemical examination, and in vitro drug efficacy evaluation. Molecular analysis of hydatid cyst protoscolices (HC-PSCs) from infected donkey livers and lungs revealed a high similarity to Echinococcus equinus (GenBank accession: PP407081). Additionally, gene expression analysis indicated significant increases (P < 0.0001) in interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and interferon γ (IFN-γ) levels in lung and liver homogenates. Serum biochemical analysis showed elevated aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and globulin levels, alongside decreased albumin compared to non-infected controls. Histopathological examination revealed notable alterations in pulmonary and hepatic tissues associated with hydatid cyst infection. Immunohistochemical analysis showed increased expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4), indicating a robust inflammatory response. In vitro drug evaluations revealed that Paroxetine (at concentrations of 2.5, and 5 mg/mL) demonstrated the highest efficacy among repurposed drugs against HC-PSCs, resulting in the greatest cell mortality. Colmediten followed closely in effectiveness, whereas both Brufen and Ator exhibited minimal effects. This study identifies Paroxetine as a promising alternative treatment for hydatidosis and provides a framework for investigating other parasitic infections and novel therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"178"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11912610/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143646925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and mechanism of action of harmine derivative H-2-104 against Echinococcus granulosus infection in mice.","authors":"Huijing Gao, Qinwei Xu, Jiang Zhu, Kadierya Kuerban, Bei Chen, Jun Zhao, Kalibixiati Aimulajiang, Liang Teng","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04642-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04642-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a chronic zoonotic parasitic disease caused by the parasite Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus). Currently, pharmacologic treatments are limited to albendazole and mebendazole; however, these treatments are associated with significant side effects and limited therapeutic efficacy, highlighting the urgent need for the development of new drugs. Harmine (HM) has been reported to exhibit potent antiparasitic effects, although it is also accompanied by notable neurotoxicity. H-2-104, a derivative of HM obtained through structural modification of its parent nucleus, represents a promising candidate for further investigation. This study aims to assess the in vivo and in vitro efficacy of H-2-104 against E. granulosus and to elucidate the mechanism of action of H-2-104 against CE from a metabolomics perspective.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In vitro pharmacodynamics experiments were conducted to assess the inhibitory activity of H-2-104 against E. granulosus protoscoleces (PSCs). Following this, a mouse model of E. granulosus infection was established to explore the inhibitory effects against E. granulosus of H-2-104 at low, medium, and high concentrations. Additionally, non-targeted metabolomic approaches were utilized to analyze the serum and liver samples from mice in the control group, model group, and H-2-104 treatment group with the aim of identifying relevant biomarkers and crucial metabolic pathways involved in the response to H-2-104 treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The in vitro results demonstrated that H-2-104 exhibited significantly superior inhibitory activity against PSCs compared to harmine and albendazole. Morphological observations revealed marked alterations in the ultrastructural characteristics of PSCs treated with H-2-104. In vivo pharmacodynamic studies showed that H-2-104 at a dosage of 100 mg/kg exhibited the highest cyst inhibition rate, which was (73.60 ± 4.71)%. Metabolomics analysis revealed that 64 serum metabolites were significantly altered, primarily involving metabolic pathways such as necroptosis, linoleic acid metabolism, and phenylalanine metabolism. Additionally, 81 liver metabolites were identified with significant differences, mainly involving metabolic pathways like fructose and mannose metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>H-2-104 exhibits significant activity both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting its potential as a promising new drug for the treatment of CE. The anti-CE effects of H-2-104 may be attributed to its regulation of multiple biological pathways, including cell apoptosis, amino acid metabolism, and glucose metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11912776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surveillance of hoof disorders in Korean dairy cattle and the correlation of farm condition risk factors to their prevalence.","authors":"Hector M Espiritu, Seok-Won Kwon, Sang-Suk Lee, Yong-Il Cho","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04628-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04628-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study investigated the prevalence of hoof disorders (HDs) in intensive dairy farms in Korea and their association with farm conditions. A total of 877 cattle from 15 farms were examined for infectious, noninfectious, and non-lesion HDs at the animal, foot, and farm levels. Risk factors such as bedding depth, floor wetness, floor elevation transitions, and aggressive hoof treatment were evaluated. Correlation and clustering analyses were used to assess the relationship between HDs and farm conditions and classify farms based on disease prevalence and management conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hoof disorders were identified in 31.5% of cattle, with hoof overgrowth (OG) (24.1%) being the most common. Infectious and noninfectious HDs were observed in 6.2% and 4.6% of cattle, respectively, with bovine digital dermatitis (BDD) (3.2%) and laminitis/corium damage (LCD) (3.1%) as the most prevalent. OG was more frequent in the front feet, while lesion HDs were more common in the rear feet. Correlation analysis showed that poor farm conditions, particularly aggressive hoof treatment and sharp floor elevation transitions, were linked to higher prevalence of BDD, LCD, and coronet swelling (CS). Hierarchical clustering classified farms into two main groups, distinguishing those with higher disease prevalence and poor conditions from those with lower prevalence and better management. This highlights differences in disease control across farms and the need for targeted interventions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides an updated assessment of HD prevalence in intensive dairy farms in Korea, the first in nearly two decades. The reported prevalence of OG, BDD, LCD, and CS underscores the need for improved hoof care and farm management. Farms with better conditions had lower disease prevalence, serving as benchmarks for improvement, while farms with poor conditions require targeted interventions. Enhancing hoof care practices and farm management strategies could reduce HD incidence and improve dairy cattle welfare.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"169"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11909803/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143633482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bovine coronavirus presence in domestic bovine and antelopes sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from Namibia.","authors":"Umberto Molini, Lauren M Coetzee, Maria Y Hemberger, Mark Jago, Siegfried Khaiseb, Kalihulu Shapwa, Alessio Lorusso, Giovanni Cattoli, William G Dundon, Giovanni Franzo","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04625-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04625-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bovine coronavirus (BoCV) causes significant economic losses to cattle farming due to mortality in calves, reduced growth performances and milk production in feedlots and dairy cattle. Worldwide distribution of BoCV has been demonstrated, although knowledge of its epidemiology in Africa, especially in the sub-Saharan region, is limited.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the present study, a total of 208 swab samples of wild ruminants and 435 bovines from different regions of Namibia were obtained and tested by a BoCV-specific qRT-PCR. Twenty-six bovine samples tested positive [26/435 (5.98%; 95CI: 3.94-8.64%)] while, among the wild ruminants, only Greater Kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) were shown to be positive [13/52 (25.00%; 95CI: 14.03-38.95%)] of which 8 showed clinical signs. Analysis of partial nucleoprotein and spike protein gene sequences and comparison with international reference sequences demonstrated the existence of a unique Namibian clade, resulting from a single introduction event around 2010 followed by local evolution. Although the introduction source remains unknown, contact between bovine and wild animals appears likely.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present study represents the first report of BoCV circulation in southern Africa, which showed a relatively high frequency and the ability of persisting and evolving locally in the absence of further foreign introductions. The implications for disease spread among domestic bovines and the potential impact on wildlife should encourage broader investigations on BoCV involving other African countries. Moreover, the Greater Kudu's susceptibility to BoCV infection was also proven, further highlighting the host plasticity of this virus.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"170"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11909852/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143633366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison of two cleaning methods applied in a small animal hospital.","authors":"Todd Alsing-Johansson, Elin Torstensson, Karin Bergström, Susanna Sternberg-Lewerin, Anna Bergh, Johanna Penell","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04631-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04631-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Environmental cleaning of near-patient surfaces in animal healthcare is an important infection prevention and control measure to lower the risk of spread of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). There is a lack of reports on the effect of cleaning of near-patient surfaces in animal hospital wards. The aims of this study were to (1) determine bacterial load before cleaning, on near-patient surfaces in dog cages in a mixed medical and surgical ward and investigate factors associated with this bacterial load (2) compare the bacterial reduction on these surfaces after cleaning with (a) a scrubbing brush with detergent and rinsing before and after cleaning, and (b) a microfibre mop moistened with water, and after disinfection carried out after each cleaning method. In each cage the floor and the wall were sampled before cleaning, after cleaning, and after disinfection. Bacterial load and reduction were log₁₀-transformed and for comparisons t-test, one-way Anova and Wilcoxon rank sum test were used. A generalized additive model was performed for analysis of the association between factors and bacterial load.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The bacterial load in dog cages before cleaning varied, higher loads were noted after longer stay in the cage. The bacterial reduction was in most cases more effective after cleaning with scrubbing brushes with detergent compared to cleaning with damp microfibre mops. After cleaning, a majority of the samples were below the suggested threshold value 2.5 CFU/cm², except for floor samples after microfibre cleaning. No significant difference in bacterial load, between cleaning methods was noted after disinfection. Overall, the bacterial load was significantly lower on walls than on floors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, the bacterial load was below the suggested threshold value after decontamination, except after microfibre cleaning of the floor. Scrub cleaning with a detergent should be considered for cleaning of anti-slip surfaces like the cage floor. The study shows a need for evidence-based cleaning and disinfection routines for near-patient surfaces and evidence-based threshold values for bacterial load, to reduce the risk of HAIs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"171"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910008/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143633364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physio-metabolic response, immune function, epigenetic markers, and reproductive performance of rabbits under environmental stress: the mitigating role of boswellia essential oil nanoemulsion.","authors":"Sameh A Abdelnour, Mahmoud Abdelaal, Ramya Ahmad Sindi, Mohammed A Alfattah, Wael A Khalil, Laila B Bahgat, Asmaa M Sheiha","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04587-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04587-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Global warming poses a significant threat to reproductive health of rabbits. Sustainable nutritional strategies are crucial for ensuring rabbit production and maintaining food security under these challenging conditions. This study sought to assess the protective benefits of dietary boswellia essential oil nano-emulsion (BEON) against oxidative stress, immune dysregulation, ferroptosis, and organ damage in female rabbits exposed to severe thermal stress. A total of 120 female rabbits were divided into four groups of 30 rabbits each. The rabbits were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0 (BEON0), 0.25 (BEON0.25), 0.5 (BEON0.5), and 1.0 (BEON1.0) mL of BEON per kilogram of diet. Results demonstrated that the BEON1.0 group exhibited significantly higher levels of IgG, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), while the BEON0.25 group showed elevated levels of IgM, catalase, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (P < 0.05). All BEON treatments significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (P < 0.01). Serum levels of progesterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were significantly elevated in the BEON0.5 and BEON1.0 groups compared to the control group (P < 0.01). A significant decrease in adipokine levels was observed in all BEON-supplemented groups compared to the control group (P < 0.05). All BEON groups demonstrated a modulation of ferroptosis pathways, characterized by decreased heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression and upregulated expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and cystine transporter solute carrier 7A11 (SLC7A11) in ovarian tissues (P < 0.01). Furthermore, DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) expression increased in a dose-dependent manner with increasing BEON supplementation. Histological analysis revealed an improvement in the architecture of the liver, uterine horns, and ovarian tissues in rabbits fed BEON. Integrating BEON at doses of 0.5-1.0 mL/kg diet significantly improved reproductive performance in stressed female rabbits. PCA and correlation analyses demonstrated a positive correlation between BEON supplementation and immune function, reproductive hormone levels, and antioxidant status, while a negative correlation was observed with MDA and adipokine concentrations in rabbit serum. In conclusion, BEON supplementation demonstrates promise as a sustainable nutritional strategy for the rabbit industry, particularly in mitigating the challenges posed by global warming.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"168"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11909900/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143633480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral and parenteral vaccination of broiler chickens with Recombinant NetB antigen from Clostridium perfringens confers significant protection against necrotic enteritis.","authors":"Mohammad Ali Shamshirgaran, Mehdi Golchin","doi":"10.1186/s12917-025-04624-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-025-04624-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Necrotic enteritis is a devastating economic disease caused by Clostridium perfringens in poultry. NetB toxin from C. perfringens type G is the major responsible cause of necrotic enteritis. After the ban on growth-promoting antibiotics, alternative effective intervention approaches such as the vaccination of birds were considered critical to control necrotic enteritis. To date, no commercial vaccines with proven efficacy have been approved against necrotic enteritis. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of the oral and parenteral vaccines based on NetB antigen from C. perfringens to choose the best prime-boosting vaccination strategy against necrotic enteritis. The broiler chickens were orally vaccinated with either previously developed recombinant probiotic bacterium, Lactobacillus casei strain expressing NetB toxoid, followed by a parenteral booster by the purified recombinant NetB toxoid (oral/parenteral), or the recombinant NetB toxoid alone (parenteral-only).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Immunizations of birds with these vaccines elicited strong specific anti-NetB antibody responses and provided significant protection against the infectious challenge. Additionally, the vaccinated birds represented significant mean body weight gains compared with birds in control groups during the experiment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current study showed that oral and parenteral vaccines using NetB antigen from C. perfringens could provide significant protection against necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"167"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11907976/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143633381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}