BMC Veterinary Research最新文献

{"title":"Chinese sacbrood virus destroys AcPPAN-copper homeostasis to evade phenoloxidase-based antiviral immunity in Apis cerana.","authors":"Yaxi Guo, Huitong Qiu, Yang Qi, Hua Bai, Yingshuo Huang, Ting An, Yueyu Ma, Ming Li, Li Sun, Dongliang Fei, Mingxiao Ma, Yuming Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05736-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05736-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Chinese sacbrood virus (CSBV) poses a serious threat to the Apis cerana, a major plant and crop pollinator. CSBV primarily infects larvae early in their development causing liquefaction of the larval epidermis preventing normal pupation. Bee larvae can resist viral infection through immune responses, with phenoloxidase (PO) being a key link between host cellular and humoral immunity. It is unknown whether host genes can modulate the PO cascade to affect viral replication. Herein, we performed RNA-Seq on CSBV-infected Apis cerana larvae and identify expression of the gene Peter Pan (AcPPAN), the gene had no significant effect on the development of larvae.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After silencing AcPPAN, we found that the immune response of the larvae is suppressed and promoted CSBV replication. Subsequently, we fluorescently labeled copper ions in the larval hemolymph and found that AcPPAN responds to CSBV infection and is involved in limiting virus-induced copper accumulation within the hemolymph.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings indicate that CSBV promotes viral replication in larvae by suppressing AcPPAN expression, elevating hemolymph copper ion concentration, and inhibiting phenoloxidase-mediated antiviral immune responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13673716/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148535059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Udder and teat affections in female dromedary camels: Frequency, clinical findings and treatment outcomes.","authors":"Madeh Sadan, El-Sayed El-Shafaey, Fahd Al-Sobayil, Moufida Atigui, Fahad A Alshanbari, Gamal Alloush, Walid Refaai","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05709-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05709-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Udder and teat lesions are among the most significant health problems affecting milk production, animal welfare, and the economic sustainability of the camel industry. However, comprehensive epidemiological data on their prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment outcomes remain scarce. This study aimed to determine the frequency, diagnostic characteristics, and treatment outcomes of udder and teat lesions in dromedary camels. A total of 191 female camels presenting with udder and teat lesions were included based on clinical and ultrasonographic evaluations. Lesions were classified according to anatomical location, type, age, breed, etiology, treatment approach, and outcome. Udder lesions were significantly more frequent (78.53%; odds ratio 13.38; 95% confidence interval 8.13-21.94; p < 0.001) than teat lesions (21.47%). Mastitis was the most diagnosed udder lesion, accounting for 57 cases (38.0%), followed by fibrosis and wounds. In contrast, hyperkeratosis and teat wounds were the most frequent teat lesions. Lesions were most commonly observed in camels aged 5-10 years (OR: 3.6; 95% CI: 2.3-5.5; p < 0.001), and the vast majority were of acquired origin (98.96%). The Wadeh breed exhibited the highest proportion of udder and teat lesions (53.40%; OR: 2.6; 95% CI: 1.7-4.0; p < 0.001), followed by Sofor (30.37%) and Mejhem (16.23%). Ultrasonography proved effective in differentiating lesions based on echotexture. Overall, treatment was successful in 171 cases (89.53%; OR: 73.1; 95% CI: 38.6-134.3; p < 0.001), with complete clinical recovery. In conclusion, early clinical and ultrasonographic evaluation enables accurate diagnosis and reliable prognosis of udder and teat lesions in dromedary camels. Surgical intervention is an effective curative option for cases that do not respond to medical treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13670586/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148496948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laminaria extract reshapes the gut microbiota and TCA cycle-centered metabolic profiles associated with immune modulation in Hu lambs.","authors":"Meiqi Lin, Juanfeng Li, Jiusi Chen, Aoning Zhen, Wajiha Wajiha, Senyang Li, Xiaoying Li, Sumei Zhang, Shixun Tan, Jinfeng Zhao, Fuchun Jian","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05742-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05742-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The global push to restrict antibiotic use in livestock has intensified the need for effective, safe feed additives, particularly for young lambs, which are highly susceptible to post-weaning diarrhea and immune dysfunction due to an underdeveloped intestinal barrier. Laminaria extract, rich in bioactive polysaccharides, has emerged as a promising candidate; however, its functional mechanisms in ruminants remain poorly understood. This study therefore investigated the effects of dietary Laminaria extract supplementation on growth performance, immune parameters, gut microbiota, and fecal metabolomic profiles in lambs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Lambs were randomly assigned to five groups: a basal control (CON), three Laminaria extract doses (LL, 1 g/kg; LM, 3 g/kg; LH, 6 g/kg), and a diclazuril positive control (DIC). Growth performance was evaluated via body weight and average daily gain (ADG). Serum immune cytokines were measured by ELISA, gut microbiota via 16S rRNA sequencing, and fecal metabolomics by UPLC-MS, followed by integrative correlation and pathway analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dietary Laminaria supplementation improved growth performance and immune markers in a dose-dependent manner, with the high-dose (6 g/kg) group exhibiting the most pronounced effects. Specifically, the high-dose group showed a 217.47% increase in ADG compared with the CON group (p < 0.05). Microbiome analysis revealed a selective enrichment of beneficial genera, particularly Prevotella and Muribaculum, in the supplemented groups, with the highest relative abundances observed at the 6 g/kg dosage. Furthermore, untargeted metabolomics revealed that the high-dose group exhibited the most substantial upregulation in the relative abundances of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, with citrate and α-ketoglutarate showing 2.93-fold and 2.95-fold increases in peak intensity, respectively (p < 0.05). Concurrently, elevated relative signal intensities of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were detected in the high-dose group, further supporting the metabolic benefits of Laminaria supplementation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study confirmed that 3-6 g/kg dietary Laminaria extract improves growth and immunity of Hu lambs by enriching Prevotella and Muribaculum, activating TCA cycle metabolism. Low dosage prioritized antioxidant improvement, while high dosage exerted superior growth-promoting effects, supporting Laminaria extract as a natural antibiotic alternative for lambs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13670850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148468773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual dimorphism in pelvic measurements of Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) during pre- and post-pubertal periods: a 3D morphometric study.","authors":"Remzi Orkun Akgun, Zuhal Ovuz, Yunus Emre Atay, Ufuk Kaya","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05743-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05743-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sexual dimorphism and developmental stage are key determinants of skeletal morphology in mammals. The pelvic complex, which plays an essential role in locomotion and reproduction, undergoes significant morphological changes during growth and maturation. Advances in three-dimensional (3D) imaging technologies have enabled highly accurate morphometric analyses of skeletal structures. We hypothesized that (i) pubertal development would significantly affect pelvic morphometric parameters, (ii) males and females would exhibit significant differences in selected pelvic measurements, and (iii) sexual dimorphism would become more evident after the onset of puberty. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate pelvic morphometric parameters in male and female Wistar rats during prepubertal and postpubertal stages using 3D digital models.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 28 Wistar rats (14 females and 14 males) were included and divided into prepubertal (30-35 days) and postpubertal (65-70 days) groups. Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) imaging of the pelvic region was performed, and cross-sectional images were exported in DICOM format. 3D pelvic models were reconstructed using 3D Slicer software following bone segmentation. Twelve morphometric parameters (M1-M12) were measured digitally on the reconstructed models by two independent investigators at three different time points. The effects of gender and pubertal status were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni-adjusted post-hoc tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pubertal status significantly influenced all evaluated parameters. Highly significant differences were observed for M1-M10 (p < 0.001), while M11 and M12 also demonstrated significant pubertal effects (p < 0.05). Postpubertal rats exhibited consistently greater measurements than prepubertal animals. Significant gender-related differences were identified in several parameters, and significant gender × puberty interaction effects were detected for selected measurements, indicating sex-dependent growth patterns during maturation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pubertal maturation represents the principal determinant of pelvic morphometric variation in Wistar rats, while gender contributes additional structural differences. These findings may provide baseline morphometric data and suggest that both developmental stage and sex should be considered when interpreting morphometric outcomes in experimental and comparative anatomical research.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13670499/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148496978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Posture and location preferences and gastrointestinal homeostasis in Holstein cows with tongue-rolling behavior.","authors":"Chenyang Li, Guangyong Zhao, Jian Wang, Jie Gao, Xianhong Gu","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05729-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05729-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tongue-rolling is the most common stereotypic behavior in dairy farming and is often considered an indicator of poor animal welfare. This study aimed to investigate the posture and location preferences of tongue-rolling cows and to compare digestion profiles between tongue-rolling and non-tongue-rolling cows. A total of 755 cows from four barns were selected for behavioral observation using scan sampling over a 7-day period to record the postures and locations associated with tongue-rolling. Subsequently, 10 tongue-rolling cows (TR group) and 10 non-tongue-rolling cows (CON group) were selected to analyze intake composition, apparent nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation parameters and fecal microbiota.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed a 28.90% prevalence of tongue-rolling in the observed herd. Tongue-rolling was most frequently expressed in the stall area (40.59% in the morning, 41.99% in the afternoon) and a standing posture (82.80% in the morning, 89.28% in the afternoon). There was no significant difference in intake preference between TR and CON cows. Although ruminal pH was significantly lower in TR cows compared to CON cows (P < 0.05), other rumen fermentation parameters were not significantly affected. 16S rRNA sequencing results indicated that the fecal microbial composition was relatively similar between TR and CON cows; however, at the genus level, the abundances of norank_o_Bacteroidales (P = 0.045), Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group (P = 0.037), and norank_f_Erysipelatoclostridiaceae (P = 0.049) were significantly lower in TR cows than in CON cows, suggesting a potential dysbiosis that could affect gut barrier function. Compared with CON cows, TR cows exhibited significantly reduced digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and ether extract (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, tongue-rolling behavior in dairy cows may be associated with altered nutrient utilization and subtle gut microbial shifts, highlighting its potential value as an indicator of compromised digestive efficiency and welfare status, and providing new insights into the understanding of this behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13540914/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148468806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a TaqMan RT-qPCR for the detection and genotyping of bovine viral diarrhea virus types 1, 2, and HoBi-like pestivirus.","authors":"Yangyang Xiao, Qianqian Dong, Yifei Wu, Yang Yang, Jinchao Wang, Tao He, Qinghua Luo, Bowen Li, Tianying Chi, Ang Li, Jinliang Sheng, Faxing Wu","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05685-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05685-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>HoBi-like pestivirus (HoBiPeV), as a newly discovered virus species in recent years, poses a serious threat to the global cattle industry due to its wide transmission and high pathogenicity. The genetic sequence of HoBiPeV exhibits significant differences when compared to the known strains of BVDV-1 (Pestivirus bovis) and BVDV-2 (Pestivirus tauri).Current detection methods are typically limited to identifying BVDV-1 and BVDV-2, and are unable to effectively differentiate HoBiPeV from the other two genotypes. To facilitate the rapid detection and differentiation of various genotypes, this study developed a pair of universal primers along with three TaqMan probes based on the 5' UTR sequences of the BVDV-1, BVDV-2, and HoBiPeV available in GenBank. A one-step multiplex TaqMan RT-qPCR detection method was developed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that this method could specifically detect the three genotypes of BVDV without cross-reactivity. It exhibited high sensitivity, with a minimum detection limit of 1 × 10¹copies/µL. The amplification efficiencies were 104.6%, 102.9%, and 117.7%, respectively, demonstrating a strong linear relationship (R² > 0.99). This method also showed excellent intra-assay and inter-assay reproducibility, which facilitates accurate identification and detection of the three genotypes. In clinical sample testing, the present assay showed higher detection rates for all three genotypes than previously reported methods, particularly showing a notable sensitivity advantage in the detection of BVDV-1.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This method not only significantly enhances the detection rate of HoBiPeV but also reveals the potential prevalence of this genotype in cattle populations, providing valuable insights for updating existing epidemiological databases and informing the selection of vaccine strains. The method is applicable in areas such as the detection of raw materials and intermediates during vaccine production, quality control of dairy products, and large-scale virus monitoring. It also exhibits broad application value in epidemiological investigations and the prevention and control of viral diseases in cattle farms.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13670847/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148468786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of vimentin in inhibiting akabane virus replication and its preliminary exploration of mechanisms involving autophagy and apoptosis.","authors":"Miaomiao Zhang, Yajie Zheng, Sifan Wang, Dengshuai Zhao, Limei Qin, Han Gao, Gan Li, Shikai Cai, Zhihao Li, Xiaolin Lan, Fang Liang, Mengmeng Zhao, Keshan Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05734-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05734-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>AKAV (Akabane virus), as a mosquito-borne virus, can cause abortions and stillbirths in pregnant ruminants, posing a threat to the global livestock industry. Vimentin (VIM), a key component of the IF cytoskeleton, plays a crucial role in viral infection by facilitating viral entry and modulating host antiviral responses. Dynamic changes in VIM transcription and protein expression levels were assessed longitudinally following infection and under varying multiplicities of infection using qRT-PCR and WB. The effects of VIM on viral replication were assessed in both VIM-overexpressing and knockout MA-104 cells through qRT-PCR, WB, TCID₅₀, and IFA. Furthermore, VIM overexpression was combined with autophagy and apoptosis inhibitors to elucidate the association between VIM-mediated antiviral effects and autophagy/apoptosis-related pathways. Results showed that AKAV infection significantly upregulated the transcription of endogenous VIM in MA-104 cells, with the peak transcription level observed at a MOI of 3 and 60 h post-infection. Furthermore, in MA-104 cell models with VIM overexpression and knockout, it was found that VIM overexpression suppressed AKAV replication, while VIM knockout enhanced viral replication. Similarly, transient overexpression of bovine-derived VIM in MA-104 cells also inhibited AKAV replication. The combined application of autophagy and apoptosis inhibitors with VIM overexpression further enhanced the suppression of AKAV replication. This study elucidates the novel antiviral role of Vimentin against AKAV, providing a potential molecular target for developing strategies to control Akabane disease in livestock.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13688986/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148468832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and immunoinformatics characterization of a novel multi-epitope vaccine rPRRSV-35N targeting NADC30-like and NADC34-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus variants.","authors":"Dawei Xu, Hefei Wang, Miao Li, Ying Zhang, Qiyuan Qin, Shenyang Gao, Anqi Cheng, Yushan Chen, Bing Li, Yuming Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05726-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05726-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), caused by the genetically diverse porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), remains a major economic burden to the global swine industry. Current commercial vaccines, including modified live virus (MLV) and inactivated vaccines, have shown limited effectiveness against newly emerging PRRSV variants, particularly NADC30-like and NADC34-like strains. There is therefore a need for improved vaccine strategies targeting these circulating strains. In this study, we used immunoinformatics approaches to design a multi-epitope vaccine candidate, rPRRSV-35N, against PRRSV NADC30-like and NADC34-like strains, based on antigenic profiling and prediction of T- and B-cell epitopes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This multi-epitope vaccine candidate integrates six cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes, three helper T lymphocyte (HTL) epitopes, and seven linear B-cell epitopes (LBE). The epitopes were linked sequentially by flexible linkers. Porcine β-defensin-2 (PBD-2) and PADRE epitopes were incorporated to potentially improve immunogenicity. In silico prediction showed an antigenicity score of 0.6597 and a solubility probability of 0.530. It showed no toxicity or allergenicity, with a molecular weight of 36.64 kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point (pI) of 9.81. Molecular docking and normal mode analysis indicated stable interactions with TLR2 and TLR4 receptors. Immunoinformatics simulations further revealed that the candidate has the potential to induce both humoral and cellular immune responses. The construct was designed for in silico cloning into pET28a(+), and the plasmid was commercially synthesized. Following transformation of the synthetic plasmid into E. coli BL21(DE3), protein expression was verified by Western blot analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study constructed the multi-epitope vaccine candidate rPRRSV-35N targeting NADC30-like and NADC34-like PRRSV strains. Its expressibility was preliminarily verified via molecular cloning and protein expression assays. Further in vivo studies are required to assess its protective efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13663085/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148468651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an RT-RAA-CRISPR/Cas12a fluorescent detection method for the detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus 1.","authors":"Youli Yu, Wei He, YunNan Fang, Jiandong Wang, Zhengqing Yu, Yanan Guo, Yuxi Zhao, Haihui Gao, Pan Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05719-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05719-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a viral pathogen that may cause reproductive disorders, health, and performance. BVDV serotypes have undergone dynamic changes due to sustained genetic diversity, particularly in BVDV type 1 (BVDV1), which has compromised the specificity and sensitivity of diagnostic assays. Furthermore, BVDV1 is prevalent worldwide, causing significant losses to the livestock industry. Therefore, in order to further enhance the control and elimination of BVDV, it is necessary to detect and prevent the spread of BVDV. Therefore, establishing a faster and more accurate on-site detection method is particularly important.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Traditional PCR and ELISA methods are limited by cost, sensitivity, and equipment dependence. In this study, we designed primers based on the conserved 5'Untranslated Region (5'UTR) of BVDV1 and developed a method that combines one-step reverse transcription recombinase assisted amplification (RT-RAA) and CRISPR/Cas12a based fluorescent substrates in a mixture to quickly screen and accurately distinguish BVDV1 for the diagnosis and differentiation of common bovine viruses such as Bovine Coronavirus (BCoV) and Bovine Herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV) et al. The established RT-RAA-CRISPR/Cas12a scheme can achieve the entire inspection process in a portable metal bath at 40℃. We further optimized the reaction conditions of RT-RAA-CRISPR/Cas12a to detect its sensitivity, specificity, and repeatability. The established RT-RAA-CRISPR/Cas12a and conventional PCR were used to detect 300 clinical samples of cattle, verifying the actual detection ability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This method did not show any cross-reactivity with the other nine common bovine viruses, demonstrating excellent specificity. The minimum template concentration required to trigger significant trans cleavage activity without RT-RAA amplification is 10 copies/µL of BVDV template. However, combined with RT‑RAA amplification, the detection limit was significantly decreased to one copy of the BVDV template per reaction. In simulated sample testing, this method achieved 100% accuracy, and the entire detection process can be completed within 30 min. In clinical sample testing, RT-RAA-CRISPR/Cas12a showed a higher sensitivity rate for BVDV1, as the positive detection rate was 1.85 times higher than that of conventional PCR.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In summary, the BVDV-1 RT-RAA-CRISPR/Cas12a detection method established in this study offers several advantages, including fast operation, high sensitivity, strong targeting, and good repeatability. Moreover, the same test tube reaction system makes it widely applicable in resource-limited environments, making it of great value in large-scale screening during BVDV outbreaks. This method not only expands the diagnostic toolbox of BVDV but also provides an up-and-coming solution for controlling the spread of BVDV in cattle herds.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13663105/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148468821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Animal welfare assessment at four dog shelters in Central Uganda: a cross-sectional study using the shelter quality ® protocol.","authors":"Lewis Ashabahebwa, Zozianne Hoareau, Paul Ssuna, Dickson Stuart Tayebwa","doi":"10.1186/s12917-026-05728-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12917-026-05728-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Central Uganda, animal welfare advocates are increasingly promoting the establishment of animal shelters as a humane alternative to poisoning for controlling free-roaming dog (FRD) populations. However, dogs at these facilities face a number of welfare challenges arising from insufficient resources and substandard management practices. We aimed to assess the welfare of sheltered dogs in Central Uganda by identifying the animal-based welfare issues faced by the dogs, evaluating the housing and management infrastructure, and determining risk factors of animal welfare compromise. We conducted a cross-sectional study in four animal shelters, between July and August 2024. We used structured checklists from the Shelter Quality^® protocol (SQP) to collect data on animal-based measures (ABMs), resource-based measures (RBMs) and management-based measures (MBMs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, the shelters housed 141 dogs (average 35.3, range 4-84) across 40 pens (average 10, range 2-17). A total sample of 32 pens were selected from which 81 dogs were assessed. Fifty-seven of the dogs were housed in groups, fourteen in pairs, and ten were housed individually. Thirty five dogs were females and 46 males. Thirty two dogs were juveniles, 41 were adults and 8 were geriatrics. The most prevalent ABMs were; 'too thin' body condition, skin lesions and fear/aggression, reported among 59.3%, 45.7% and 39.1% of the dogs respectively. At pen-level, signs of diarrhea, pain-associated behavior, and stereotypies were commonly seen in 46.9%, 56.3%, and 46.9% of the pens respectively. Multivariable firth's logistic regression revealed several risk factors of poor welfare outcomes; Skin conditions, especially wounds were significantly associated with the'other' bedding type (aOR = 5.27, p = 0.008). Panting was highly associated with poorly ventilated pens (aOR = 82.33, p = 0.010). Pain-related behaviors in dogs were significantly linked to group housing (aOR = 11.92, p = 0.006), while a lack of outdoor access was a risk factor for stereotypic behaviors (aOR = 20.71, p = < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings indicate that the welfare of the majority of shelter dogs was suboptimal, largely due to inadequate resources, poor housing conditions, and questionable management practices. Improving dog welfare in Ugandan shelters requires regulating intakes and implementing evidence-based management interventions. Collaboration with veterinary providers and intervention from animal protection agencies or government bodies can ensure sustainable, high-welfare operations.</p>","PeriodicalId":9041,"journal":{"name":"BMC Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13663192/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148468731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}