BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth最新文献

{"title":"Relationship between food insecurity and the risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension: a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Neda Yaghobieh, Mohammad Javad Tarrahi, Reza Amani","doi":"10.1186/s12884-025-07340-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12884-025-07340-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is a major cause of maternal and fetal mortality. Various risk factors contribute to this condition. This study aimed to investigate the association between food insecurity and the risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension among pregnant women referred to health centers.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In this study, a prospective cohort design was employed. A total of 600 pregnant mothers covered by the Isfahan Health Network were randomly included in the study. Demographic questionnaires, DASS-21, HFIAS, and IPAQ were administered through interviews. Blood pressure data after the 20th week of pregnancy, were collected. Mothers were considered hypertensive patients whose blood pressure was above 140 (systolic) or above 90 (diastolic) or both, for the first time after the 20th week of pregnancy after two measurements. Data analysis was performed using chi-square, independent t, and binary logistic regression tests.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The incidence of PIH was estimated to be 5.2%. The mean age of pregnant mothers was 30.24 ± 5.84 years, and 43% had university education. Food insecurity showed a significant association with PIH, even after controlling for confounding variables (P < 0.05). Additionally, an increase in pre-pregnancy BMI was associated with increased risk of PIH (OR_A = 1.16, CI_95%: 1.07-1.25). Larger household size increased the likelihood of hypertension by 51%, while having more than two pregnancies reduced the risk by 30%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Incidence of high blood pressure during pregnancy and its association with food insecurity and pre-pregnancy BMI emphasizes the need for interventions to improve food security in pregnant women and control pre-pregnancy BMI, ultimately preventing pregnancy related complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":9033,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth","volume":"25 1","pages":"318"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143662209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting low birth weight risks in pregnant women in Brazil using machine learning algorithms: data from the Araraquara cohort study.","authors":"Audêncio Victor, Francielly Almeida, Sancho Pedro Xavier, Patrícia H C Rondó","doi":"10.1186/s12884-025-07351-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12884-025-07351-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Low birth weight (LBW) is a critical factor linked to neonatal morbidity and mortality. Early prediction is essential for timely interventions. This study aimed to develop and evaluate predictive models for LBW using machine learning algorithms, including Random Forest, XGBoost, Catboost, and LightGBM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from 1,579 pregnant women enrolled in the Araraquara Cohort, a population-based longitudinal study. Predictor variables included maternal sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral factors. Four ML algorithms Random Forest, XGBoost, CatBoost, and LightGBM, were trained using an 80/20 train-test split and 10-fold cross-validation. To address class imbalance, the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) was applied. Model performance was assessed using metrics such as area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), F1-score, and precision-recall. Variable importance was evaluated using Shapley values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>XGBoost demonstrated the best performance, achieving an AUROC of 0.94, followed by CatBoost (0.94), Random Forest (0.94), and LightGBM (0.94). Maternal gestational age was the most influential predictor, followed by marital status and prenatal care frequency. Behavioral factors, such as physical activity, also contributed to LBW risk. Shapley analysis provided interpretable insights into variable contributions, supporting the clinical applicability of the models.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Machine learning, combined with SMOTE, proved to be an effective approach for predicting LBW. XGBoost stood out as the most accurate model, but Catboost and Random Forest also provided solid results. These models can be applied to identify high-risk pregnancies, improving perinatal outcomes through early interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9033,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth","volume":"25 1","pages":"320"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921654/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143662347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of a dedicated antenatal specialist service for women with a history of stillbirth: the rainbow clinic.","authors":"Jack Le Vance, Michelle Plant, Samiramis Saba, Alexander E P Heazell, R Katie Morris, Victoria Hodgetts Morton, Leo Gurney","doi":"10.1186/s12884-025-07421-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12884-025-07421-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Stillbirth in a prior pregnancy represents a significant risk factor for a subsequent stillbirth and other adverse pregnancy outcomes. There is a developing body of evidence supporting the implementation of dedicated specialist antenatal service provision for women with a history of stillbirth in future pregnancies. We aimed to assess the impact of our specialist service, the Rainbow Clinic, on maternal-fetal outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective case-control study was conducted comparing women with a history of previous stillbirth prior to and following the inception of the Rainbow Clinic at the Birmingham Women's Hospital, United Kingdom. Case records were reviewed from 2017 to August 2024. The Rainbow service was implemented on 9th May 2022; therefore, this became our cut off to define case and control groups. The control group matched the Rainbow Clinic eligibility criteria. Individual maternal and fetal outcome data were collected from case records. A composite adverse perinatal outcome was defined as one of: perinatal mortality; an Apgar score < 7 at five minutes or an umbilical artery pH < 7.05, or both; admission to NICU; intraventricular hemorrhage; hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy; necrotizing enterocolitis; retinopathy of prematurity; respiratory distress syndrome; pneumonia; and neonatal sepsis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty-seven women were seen after establishment of the Rainbow Clinic group compared with 65 women in the pre-Rainbow Clinic control group. 91% of the Rainbow Clinic group were prescribed aspirin compared to 70% within the pre-Rainbow Clinic group (p = 0.001). The rate of composite adverse perinatal outcome was significantly less in the Rainbow versus the pre-Rainbow Clinic group (Odds Ratio (OR), 0.46 [95% Confidence Interval (CI), 0.22-0.98]). Women in the Rainbow Clinic were statistically more likely to have a prelabor cesarean birth (OR 2.44 [95% CI, 1.20-4.94]), however, gestational age at delivery was significantly greater within the Rainbow Clinic group (median 38 weeks 0 days versus 37 weeks 3 days, p = 0.004), including a significant reduction in cases of very and extreme preterm delivery (OR 0.17 [95% CI, 0.03-0.80] and OR 0.05 [95% CI, 0.00-0.93] respectively). 8% of the pre-Rainbow Clinic group had a further stillbirth or second trimester miscarriage compared to 2% within the Rainbow Clinic group (p = 0.07).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides data on the beneficial impact of a specialist pregnancy after loss service on clinical outcomes. Continued research, including qualitative analysis of this service is necessitated to determine the efficacy of these specialist clinics.</p>","PeriodicalId":9033,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth","volume":"25 1","pages":"317"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921540/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143662337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between gestational weight change trajectories and perinatal outcomes in twin pregnancies in China.","authors":"Mengmeng Li, Wubulitalifu Dawuti, Tianchen Wu, Xiaoli Tian, Yali Zhang, Weixian Gao, Tao Huang, Zhiwen Li","doi":"10.1186/s12884-025-07414-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12884-025-07414-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to identify gestational weight change trajectories and examine their association with perinatal outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Prenatal and delivery records of 3393 twin pregnancies were obtained from the China-US Collaborative Project for Neural Tube Defects Prevention, a large population-based cohort study. Generalized gestational weight gain (GWG) was calculated by dividing the total GWG by the length of gestation in weeks and multiplying by 37 weeks. Latent class growth modeling (LCGM) was used to identify GWG patterns. Multivariable logistic regression and generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to analyze the associations between GWG trajectories and perinatal outcomes. The included adverse perinatal outcomes were preterm birth, low birth weight (LBW), small for gestational age (SGA), and large for gestational age (LGA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean ± SD of GWG for underweight women was 17.87 ± 5.67 kg, 16.76 ± 6.22 kg for normal weight, 14.34 ± 6.60 kg for overweight, and 14.27 ± 4.94 kg for obese. Three gestational weight change trajectory groups were identified: low-increase (32.36%), moderate-increase (56.26%), and high-increase (11.38%). Compared to the moderate-increase group, the high-increase group showed a reduced risk of LBW (aOR 0.68, 95%CI 0.56, 0.83), and SGA (aOR 0.49, 95%CI 0.40, 0.60) but an increased risk of LGA (aOR 2.23, 95%CI 1.48, 3.35). No significant change was observed in the risk of preterm birth in the high-increase group. The low-increase group had a higher risk of preterm birth (aOR 1.66 95%CI 1.42, 1.94), LBW (aOR 2.44 95%CI 2.13,2.80), and SGA (aOR 1.32 95%CI 1.16, 1.51), with no significant difference in the risk of LGA (aOR 1.11 95%CI 0.78,1.58).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Distinct patterns of GWG in twin pregnancies are associated with varying risks of adverse perinatal outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring and managing GWG in twin pregnancies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9033,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth","volume":"25 1","pages":"312"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921534/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143662314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between gestational diabetes mellitus and offspring health: a two-sample mendelian randomization study.","authors":"Mi Yan, Zhengdong Chen, Jia Tang, Xinyu Duan, Wenjie Peng, Rui Liu, Wanwei Li, Zhangxue Hu, Yanfei Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12884-025-07423-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12884-025-07423-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) constitutes a significant contributor to maternal and fetal morbidity, which is observed to be associated with future risks of offspring health. Nevertheless, it is essential to acknowledge that observational findings may be susceptible to residual confounding and bias.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To investigate the association of GDM with offspring health, a genome-wide genetic association study employing Mendelian Randomization (MR) is conducted between May 31 and November 30, 2023. The inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) is utilized in the primary analysis stage. The study data of the majority patients are European ancestry, which are sourced from the IEU open genome-wide association study project.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Genetically predicted GDM is associated with an increased risk of various short- and long-term health problem in offspring. For fetal and neonatal conditions, GDM is linked to an elevated risk of preterm delivery [ odd ratio (OR) = 1.150, false discovery rate (FDR)-adjusted P_IVW = 0.009] and placental disorders (OR = 2.143, FDR-adjusted P_IVW = 0.028). In respiratory diseases, it is associated with a higher likelihood of influenza (OR = 1.175, FDR-adjusted P_IVW = 0.008), bacterial pneumonia (OR = 1.141, FDR-adjusted P_IVW = 0.008), congenital malformations of the respiratory system (OR = 1.673, FDR-adjusted P_IVW = 0.033), influenza with pneumonia (OR = 1.078, FDR-adjusted P_IVW = 0.008), and need for non-invasive ventilation (OR = 1.265, FDR-adjusted P_IVW = 0.028). In terms of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric outcomes, GDM is linked to a higher risk of cerebral palsy (OR = 1.721, FDR-adjusted P_IVW = 0.008). For urinary conditions, GDM increases the risk of acute tubulo-interstitial nephritis (OR = 1.098, FDR-adjusted P_IVW = 0.008). No association is identified between genetically predicted GDM and major digestive diseases, such as gastroesophageal reflux, or cardiovascular conditions in offspring.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of this study provide genetic evidence supporting an association between GDM and higher risk of offspring diseases. This supports classification of GDM as risk factors for short- and long-term offspring health.</p>","PeriodicalId":9033,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth","volume":"25 1","pages":"321"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11924663/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143662294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive modeling of pregnancy outcomes utilizing multiple machine learning techniques for in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer.","authors":"Ru Bai, Jia-Wei Li, Xia Hong, Xiao-Yue Xuan, Xiao-He Li, Ya Tuo","doi":"10.1186/s12884-025-07433-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12884-025-07433-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to investigate the influencing factors of pregnancy outcomes during in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) procedures in clinical practice. Several prediction models were constructed to predict pregnancy outcomes and models with higher accuracy were identified for potential implementation in clinical settings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The clinical data and pregnancy outcomes of 2625 women who underwent fresh cycles of IVF-ET between 2016 and 2022 at the Reproductive Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University were enrolled to establish a comprehensive dataset. The observed features were preprocessed and analyzed. A predictive model for pregnancy outcomes of IVF-ET treatment was constructed based on the processed data. The dataset was divided into a training set and a test set in an 8:2 ratio. Predictive models for clinical pregnancy and clinical live births were developed. The ROC curve was plotted, and the AUC was calculated and the prediction model with the highest accuracy rate was selected from multiple models. The key features and main aspects of IVF-ET treatment outcome prediction were further analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The clinical pregnancy outcome was categorized into pregnancy and live birth. The XGBoost model exhibited the highest AUC for predicting pregnancy, achieving a validated AUC of 0.999 (95% CI: 0.999-1.000). For predicting live births, the LightGBM model exhibited the highest AUC of 0.913 (95% CI: 0.895-0.930).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The XGBoost model predicted the possibility of pregnancy with an accuracy of up to 0.999. While the LightGBM model predicted the possibility of live birth with an accuracy of up to 0.913.</p>","PeriodicalId":9033,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth","volume":"25 1","pages":"316"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921685/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143661946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pregnant women's knowledge, attitude, and practice toward food preservatives: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Shuai Yuan, Weimei Liu, Zhixin Shen, Meitian Ren, Shuangying Hao","doi":"10.1186/s12884-025-07436-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12884-025-07436-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sodium benzoate, a common food preservative, may harm fetuses, which could increase the safety concern for pregnant women, but the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of food preservatives' impact on health among pregnant women is limited. This study explored the KAP of pregnant women regarding food preservatives.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted in Henan Province between March and April 2023 among pregnant women. An investigated-designed questionnaire was administered to collect the demographic characteristics and KAP scores. Scores of < 60%, 60-79%, and ≥ 80% were considered poor, moderate, and good, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study collected 515 valid questionnaires [303 (58.83%) < 30-years-old participants] for analysis. The knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 10.21 ± 2.90 (/17; 60.06%), 29.59 ± 2.73 (/40; 73.98%), and 22.86 ± 3.56 (/30; 76.20%), respectively. The structural equation model (SEM) showed that the knowledge of food preservatives directly affected attitudes (β = 0.168, P = 0.005) and practice (β = 0.250, P = 0.021) and indirectly affected practice (β = 0.047, P = 0.004). The attitudes toward food preservatives directly affected practice (β = 0.280, P = 0.021).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pregnant women in Henan Province have moderate knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward food preservatives. Education interventions are needed to improve the knowledge gaps identified in this study, which could also be encountered in other regions.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9033,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth","volume":"25 1","pages":"314"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921639/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143662153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antenatal corticosteroid treatment after 34 weeks of gestation in twin pregnancies at high risk of late preterm delivery.","authors":"Murat Levent Dereli, Kadriye Yakut Yücel, Serap Topkara, Sadullah Özkan, Sadun Sucu, Dilara Kurt, Fahri Burçin Fıratlıgil, Ahmet Kurt, Ayşen Sumru Kavurt, Şevki Çelen, Yaprak Engin Üstün","doi":"10.1186/s12884-025-07398-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12884-025-07398-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Twins are associated with an increased risk of premature birth, a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Antenatal corticosteroid treatment (ACT) is the main intervention to improve neonatal outcomes in unavoidable preterm births. Our aim was to investigate the association between neonatal outcome and ACT in twin pregnancies with late preterm birth, where the effects of corticosteroids have not been adequately studied.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Women with dichorionic-diamniotic twins who had a late preterm birth between 2017 and 2021 at a large referral hospital providing tertiary care and medical training were retrospectively analyzed. Women who met the inclusion criteria were divided into three groups: No ACT (n = 209), ACT < 34 weeks' gestation (n = 76) and ACT ≥ 34 weeks' gestation (n = 67). The groups were compared with regard to adverse neonatal complications. Primary outcome measures were composite respiratory and composite neonatal outcomes. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine additional potential predictors of neonatal outcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Composite respiratory and composite neonatal outcomes did not differ significantly between groups. Birth gestational age, birthweight and ACT before 34 weeks' gestation were independently associated with favorable composite respiratory outcome, composite neonatal outcome and a lower neonatal intensive care unit admission rate. Female sex was independently associated with favorable composite respiratory outcome and a lower neonatal intensive care unit admission rate, while birth gestational age and birthweight were independently associated with a lower rate of hypoglycemia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ACT at or after 34 weeks' gestation was not associated with better neonatal outcomes in dichorionic-diamniotic twins born late preterm and was associated with a higher rate of neonatal hypoglycemia than those not treated with corticosteroids.</p>","PeriodicalId":9033,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth","volume":"25 1","pages":"313"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921532/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143662288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case report of spontaneous bilateral perineal hematoma during pregnancy and literature review.","authors":"Yu Wang, Hongchen Liu, Ye Lu","doi":"10.1186/s12884-025-07413-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12884-025-07413-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We report a rare case of spontaneous bilateral perineal hematoma during pregnancy. We analyze its etiology, clinical features, treatment, and prognosis to provide a reference for clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Detailed clinical information was collected, including the patient's pregnancy course, delivery process, imaging findings, and subsequent pregnancy outcomes. We discuss the potential mechanisms, management principles, and prognosis of spontaneous perineal hematoma during pregnancy in light of relevant literature.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patient began self-administered perineal massage at 36 weeks of gestation. At 39^+5 weeks, before delivery, bilateral spontaneous perineal hematomas developed. A left mediolateral episiotomy was performed during delivery. After conservative postpartum treatment, the hematomas gradually resolved, and the wound healed well. Eighteen months later, the patient had another vaginal delivery without reoccurrence of perineal hematoma or laceration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Spontaneous perineal hematoma during pregnancy is rare. Its occurrence may be related to increased vascular fragility, venous congestion, and external forces. Although perineal massage in pregnancy may affect perineal tissues, there is no definitive evidence of a direct causal relationship with spontaneous hematoma. Proper guidance on correct technique and force is advised.</p>","PeriodicalId":9033,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth","volume":"25 1","pages":"311"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11917126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143655598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of sexually transmitted infection agents in pregnant women using multiplex polymerase chain reaction method.","authors":"Ayfer Bakir, Busra Demir Cendek, Selma Usluca, Murat Aral, Gizem Korkut, Mehmet Morkoc, Gulsah Ceylan Yagiz, Muhammed Furkan Kurkcu, Mehmet Alican Sapmaz, Murat Polat, Sait Erbey, Burcu Gundogdu Ozturk, Huseyin Levent Keskin","doi":"10.1186/s12884-025-07430-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12884-025-07430-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a significant public health concern that can lead to serious outcomes such as infertility, pregnancy complications, and neonatal infections. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of STI and their associated risk factors in symptomatic and asymptomatic pregnant women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between July and October 2024, a total of 300 pregnant women in their third trimester, including 113 symptomatic and 187 asymptomatic individuals aged 18 to 45 years, who sought antenatal care at the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic of Ankara Etlik City Hospital, were included in the study. The detection of STIs agents in vaginal swab samples was performed using multiplex polymerase chain reaction in the Molecular Diagnosis Laboratory of the Department of Microbiology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall prevalence of STIs was 34.3% (103/300), with single and multiple infections accounting for 28.3% and 6.0% of cases, respectively. The most frequently detected pathogens were Ureaplasma parvum/urealiticum (29.0%), Mycoplasma hominis (4.6%), and Chlamydia trachomatis (2.3%). Co-infections were commonly observed between Ureaplasma parvum/urealiticum and Mycoplasma hominis. No significant difference in STI prevalence was observed between the symptomatic (35.4%) and asymptomatic (33.7%) groups. Co-infection with non-STI bacterial agents, such as Gardnerella vaginalis and Streptococcus agalactiae, increased the risk of STIs by 1.96 times (p = 0.006).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study revealed that STIs occur at similar rates among symptomatic and asymptomatic pregnant women. This finding highlights the critical importance of detecting asymptomatic cases to prevent the spread of silent infections and to safeguard maternal and neonatal health. Ureaplasma parvum/urealiticum were identified as the most common pathogens. Given that co-infections with non-STI bacterial agents significantly increase the risk of STIs, multiplex PCR-based multicenter and prospective studies are essential to refine screening strategies for pregnant women.</p>","PeriodicalId":9033,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth","volume":"25 1","pages":"307"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11917020/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143655619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}