Tingli Qu, Nan Zhang, Chen Li, Xuyuan Liu, Keming Yun, Quan An
{"title":"Network pharmacology, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and experiment verification analysis to reveal the action mechanism of RenShen Guipi Wan in the treatment of anemia.","authors":"Tingli Qu, Nan Zhang, Chen Li, Xuyuan Liu, Keming Yun, Quan An","doi":"10.1007/s10529-025-03580-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10529-025-03580-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the action mechanisms of RGW that may treat anemia through the integration of network pharmacology, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and experiment verification.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>In particular, Ginsenoside Rg4, Ginsenoside Rg1, 3,3',4,4'-Tetrahydroxy 2-methoxychalcone, Ginsenoside F1, Glycyrol, Chalconaringenin 4'-glucoside, Licochalcone B, 4',7-Dihydroxyflavone, Glycycoumarin, and Ginsenoside Rh1 were the core components, while TP53, STAT3, PIK3R1, SRC, HIF-1α were the core targets. The GO and KEGG analyses indicated that RGW may modulate multiple biological processes and pathways, including the PI3K-Akt, HIF-1, and NF-kappa B signaling pathways, as well as EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations showed good affinity between the active components and core targets of RGW, with stable binding within 100 nano seconds. Experiment verification revealed RGW could improve the routine blood markers of mice, and decrease the level of HIF-1α significantly.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RGW may treat anemia by regulating the PI3K-Akt and HIF-1 signaling pathways. It demonstrates the potential pharmacological mechanism of RGW in the treatment of anemia and provides a reference for clinical application of this formula.</p>","PeriodicalId":8929,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Letters","volume":"47 3","pages":"43"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143966612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficient and high-density immobilization of animal cells by a microfiber with both swelling and cell adhesion properties and its application to exosome production.","authors":"Naofumi Shiomi, Pengfei Zhang, Shuji Nakatsuka, Kazuo Kumagai, Hideto Matsuyama","doi":"10.1007/s10529-025-03585-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10529-025-03585-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>For high-density cell culture, we studied the development of optimal microfibers (MFs) with a 0.1-10 μm diameter, which due to their large surface area can serve as an immobilization carrier for animal cells. To date, few studies have used MFs as scaffolding for high-density cell culturing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using six types of nonsoluble synthetic polymers, MF sheets were fabricated by electrospinning. The cellulose acetate, polyketone, and polyvinyl acetate MFs exhibited swelling and water retention capacities. Next, the six types of MF fragments were examined for immobilizing TKD2 mouse vascular endothelial cells. Although most cells were taken into the three MFs characterized by swelling, most leaked from the MFs without adhesion. To solve this, the MF sheets comprising cellulose acetate and polyketones were coated with gelatin. Although the adhesive capacity was enhanced, the swelling capacity decreased and almost all the immobilized mouse cells remained on the sheets' surfaces. Based on these results, we produced a novel MF sheet comprising a gelatin, cellulose acetate, and polyketone mixture (CPG). Since the cells were taken into the MFs by swelling and attached by the gelatin, the CPG fragment immobilized almost all the supplied cells with little loss and reached a high density of 3.2 × 10<sup>9</sup> MF-g<sup>-1</sup>, Furthermore, the immobilized cells continuously produced exosomes with a high productivity of 6-7 × 10<sup>10</sup> particles ml<sup>-1</sup> after either 8 h or 16 h of culturing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CPG-based MFs are expected to have a wide range of future applications, including exosome production from animal cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":8929,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Letters","volume":"47 2","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11993475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143969555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rui Gong, Yang Wu, Rushi Liu, Minjing Liao, Meifang Quan
{"title":"Engineering the Escherichia coli Nissle strain for monitoring the bacterial cell distribution and therapeutic protein expression within the intestinal tract of animal models.","authors":"Rui Gong, Yang Wu, Rushi Liu, Minjing Liao, Meifang Quan","doi":"10.1007/s10529-025-03586-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10529-025-03586-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) has been developed as a therapeutic carrier capable of enabling in vivo production of functional proteins. To optimize these processes, precise selection of promoters and monitoring of heterologous protein expression are important. Here, we designed a hypoxia-induced expression system in EcN by integrating a bicistronic cassette under the control of the P<sub>vhb</sub> promoter. This construct enabled simultaneous transcription of oxdC (encoding oxalate decarboxylase, OxdC) and mCherry (a fluorescent reporter gene), achieving co-expression of both therapeutic and reporter proteins under hypoxic conditions. We confirmed that the P<sub>vhb</sub> promoter efficiently initiated oxdC and mCherry co-expression under both in vitro hypoxic culture conditions and in vivo hypoxic environments within the intestinal tracts of animal models. Crucially, this system establishes mCherry as a noninvasive indicator for dual monitoring of probiotic localization and therapeutic protein expression within animal intestinal tracts. This work provides valuable insights for designing novel engineered bacteria for disease treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":8929,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Letters","volume":"47 2","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143973740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gustavo Dos Santos Martins, Daniel Luiz Reis Simas, Patrick Gabry Soares, Maíra Barcellos Marini, Michelle Frazão Muzitano, Ivana Correa Ramos Leal
{"title":"Optimization of esterification reactions of perillyl alcohol with different fatty acids catalyzed by Novozym® 435 lipase.","authors":"Gustavo Dos Santos Martins, Daniel Luiz Reis Simas, Patrick Gabry Soares, Maíra Barcellos Marini, Michelle Frazão Muzitano, Ivana Correa Ramos Leal","doi":"10.1007/s10529-025-03581-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10529-025-03581-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Perillyl alcohol is a monoterpene known for its potent antitumor activity. In this study, we focused on esterification reactions of perillyl alcohol catalyzed by the immobilized enzyme Novozym 435 from Pseudozyma antarctica. Initially, the reaction conditions using a molar ratio of 1:4 (2:5 mmol of monoterpene: 10 mmol of octanoic acid), 40 mg of Novozym 435, 30 °C, and 150 rpm, 10 mL of cyclohexane, resulted in conversions up to 90% by 24 h. To explore the impact of different fatty acid carbon chain lengths on conversion, we conducted reactions with fatty acids containing chain lengths with 3, 6, 8, 12, and 18 carbons, evaluating the impact of the molar ratio of monoterpene:fatty acid. The observed impacts on conversion led to the categorization of fatty acids into two groups: the first group (C<sub>3</sub> and C<sub>6</sub>) showed a positive impact with an increased molar ratio, while the second group (C<sub>8</sub>-C<sub>18</sub>) exhibited the opposite behavior. Based on these findings, we performed an experimental design (CCRD-Central Composite Rotatable Design) using octanoic acid (representing fatty acids with chains equal to or greater than eight carbons) and propionic acid (representing acids with chains lower than six carbons). The optimized conditions in CCRD resulted in conversions of 95.22% ± 0.61% with octanoic acid (substrate: acid, 2.5 mmol: 3.87 mM, enzyme: 48 mg) and 90.38% ± 0.99% with propionic acid (substrate: acid, 2.5 mmol: 3.10 mM, enzyme: 66.6 mg), at 30 °C and 150 rpm for 24 h. Finally, we assessed the reusability of Novozym 435 (48 mg) in the esterification reaction of (S)-(-)-perillyl alcohol (2.5 mmol) with octanoic acid (3.87 mM) for 24 h at 30 °C and 150 rpm. Remarkably, even after 10 cycles of 24 h, no loss of enzyme activity was detected, suggesting the potential for industrial applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8929,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Letters","volume":"47 2","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143794307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Min-Seok Choi, Jae-Sang Hong, Do-Hoon Lee, Yu Jin Jang, Jong-Hoon Kim, Young Sik Lee
{"title":"Anti-liver fibrotic effects of small extracellular vesicle microRNAs from human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their differentiated hepatocyte-like cells.","authors":"Min-Seok Choi, Jae-Sang Hong, Do-Hoon Lee, Yu Jin Jang, Jong-Hoon Kim, Young Sik Lee","doi":"10.1007/s10529-025-03579-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10529-025-03579-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study is to identify therapeutic cargos within mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) for the treatment of liver fibrosis, a condition that poses significant health risks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>sEVs from human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UCMSCs) and their differentiated hepatocyte-like cells (hpUCMSCs) were found to alleviate liver fibrosis in mouse models, reduce fibrogenic gene expression in the liver, and inhibit hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, a central driver of liver fibrosis, in vitro. Deep sequencing identified differentially abundant microRNAs (miRNAs) (high-abundance: 57, low-abundance: 22) in both UCMSC- and hpUCMSC-derived sEVs, compared to HeLa cell-derived sEVs, which lack anti-liver fibrotic activity. Functional enrichment analysis of the high-abundance sEV miRNA targets revealed their involvement in transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, and cancer-related pathways, all of which are linked to liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Notably, many of the top 10 most abundant miRNAs reduced pro-fibrotic marker levels in activated HSCs in vitro.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The therapeutic potential of the high-abundance miRNAs shared by UCMSC- and hpUCMSC-derived sEVs in treating liver fibrosis is highlighted.</p>","PeriodicalId":8929,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Letters","volume":"47 2","pages":"38"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143771298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Single-cell protein production from photosynthetic bacteria wastewater treatment.","authors":"Wei Zhao, Mingyue Zhao, Sijia Zheng, Guangming Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10529-025-03582-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10529-025-03582-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The production of single-cell protein (SCP) from microorganisms holds significant importance due to its potential as an alternative protein source. Photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) wastewater treatment and resource recovery method stands out as an effective means to produce SCP, protein content is usually in the 40-60% range, thereby making it a highly valuable byproduct. This comprehensive review not only summarizes the current methods for the production and utilization of SCP but also traces the historical evolution of protein production from PSB wastewater treatment. It delves into the various factors that influence the yield of SCP, meticulously analyzing aspects such as the specific PSB strain employed, the type of wastewater processed, and the light-oxygen conditions under which the process occurs.While this technology has garnered increasing attention in recent years owing to its dual benefits of wastewater treatment and SCP production, the number of studies conducted in this field remains relatively scarce. Furthermore, the majority of these studies have primarily focused on the utilization of the Rhodopseudomonas genus for treating food wastewater treatment under light-anaerobic conditions. Despite these advancements, challenges to economic viability and limitations to industrial-scale production remain. At the conclusion of this review, we discuss the existing problems within the technology, such as the need for optimized conditions for different PSB strains and wastewater types, as well as the potential future prospects for its widespread adoption and commercialization.</p>","PeriodicalId":8929,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Letters","volume":"47 2","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143750819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The pedal-like loop of (R)-selective transaminases plays a critical role to the functionality of the enzyme.","authors":"Chao Xiang, Yu-Ke Ce, Ya-Ping Xue, Yu-Guo Zheng","doi":"10.1007/s10529-025-03577-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10529-025-03577-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In enzyme engineering, a lot of studies have focused on engineering the active site to broaden substrate specificity or enhance transaminase activity; however, relatively little is known about the mechanisms by which substrates are recognized and enter the binding pocket. Transaminases play a crucial role in the synthesis of chiral amines due to their exceptional stereoselectivity and catalytic efficiency. In this study, we explored how the pedal-like loop at the active site influences (R)-transaminase (ATA) activity and substrate recognition by modulating the substrate channel. The pedal-like loop at the active site was swapped with loops from other well-characterized transaminases, and the best-performing variant exhibited a 5.2-fold increase in activity toward (R)-phenylethylamine ((R)-PEA) and an 11.8-fold increase in activity toward isopropylamine (IPA). Additionally, some variants showed significant changes in substrate preference. Homology modeling and molecular docking analysis provided compelling evidence that the pedal-like loop is a critical determinant of both substrate recognition and catalytic activity in (R)-ATA.</p>","PeriodicalId":8929,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Letters","volume":"47 2","pages":"35"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143655962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimization of recombinant neurturin expression in Escherichia coli using response surface methodology.","authors":"Zahra Hajihassan, Aysan Yaseri, Mina Yazdi","doi":"10.1007/s10529-025-03575-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10529-025-03575-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurturin, a neurotrophic growth factor, has been identified as a potential treatment or reversal agent for neurodegenerative conditions. Although Escherichia coli is an appropriate host for recombinant protein expression, the production of proteins with disulfide bonds, such as neurturin, in this strain is frequently accompanied by the formation of inclusion bodies. In this study, the Rosetta-gami strain, which is well-suited for the accurate formation of disulfide bonds was employed for the soluble production of neurturin. Response surface methodology (RSM) was also used to investigate the effects of IPTG concentration, post-induction time and temperature on the soluble production of neurturin. The results showed that the highest yield of neurturin production occurred in the presence of 0.8 mM of IPTG after 5.5 h at 26 ºC. Fractional Factorial Design was used in the subsequent stage to screen the effects of culture medium components on the protein production. The best concentrations of yeast extract, tryptone and MgSO<sub>4</sub> to have a significant effect on total protein concentration were determined by RSM design to be 15 g/l for both tryptone and yeast extract and 2.2 g/l for MgSO<sub>4</sub>. Finally, an experiment was carried out under optimized conditions to evaluate the yield of the process. The results demonstrated a notable enhancement in neurturin production following optimization, with an increase of 8.6-fold compared to the normal condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":8929,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Letters","volume":"47 2","pages":"36"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143655961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biochemical characterization of a bilfunctional endoglucanase/glucomannanase derived from mountain soil.","authors":"Justice Kipkorir Rono, Qingyun Zhang, Yong He, Shaochen Wang, Yunbin Lyu, Zhi Min Yang, Zhiyang Feng","doi":"10.1007/s10529-025-03574-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10529-025-03574-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metagenomics is increasingly recognized as a vital technique for exploring uncultured microorganisms, with one key application being the discovery of novel enzymes for industrial use. This study identified an endoglucanase gene from soil metagenome, termed ZFEG1801, which was expressed in E. coli BL21, purified, and characterized for its biochemical properties. The 72.8 kDa recombinant protein exhibited hydrolytic activity against sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and konjac glucomannan (KG), with activities of 12.1 U/mg and 42.1 U/mg, respectively. The enzyme displayed optimal activity at pH 5 for CMC and pH 6 for KG, with broad pH stability ranging from 5 to 9. The optimal temperature was 40 °C, and it remained thermally stable between 20 and 40 °C, retaining over 60% of its activity. The enzyme activity remained stable in the presence of most metal ions; however, CMCase activity was inhibited by Cu<sup>2+</sup>, while glucomannanase activity was inhibited by Mn<sup>2+</sup>, Fe<sup>3+</sup>, and Ca<sup>2+</sup>. The catalytic efficiency towards both substrates was reduced by addition of SDS, DMSO, ethanol, isopropanol and acetonitrile. The V<sub>max</sub> and K<sub>m</sub> of the purified recombinant enzyme were 106.4 μmol/L/min and 4.9 mg/mL for CMC, and 833.3 μmol/L/min and 11.1 mg/mL for KG, respectively. The dual catalytic properties of ZFEG1801, broad pH stability and resistance to additives, demonstrate its potential for use in various biomass degradation processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8929,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Letters","volume":"47 2","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Syafira Rizqi Eskasalam, Selim Ashoor, Hyeon Jeong Seong, Yu-Sin Jang
{"title":"Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for enhanced production of hyaluronic acid.","authors":"Syafira Rizqi Eskasalam, Selim Ashoor, Hyeon Jeong Seong, Yu-Sin Jang","doi":"10.1007/s10529-025-03578-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10529-025-03578-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To enhance hyaluronic acid (HA) production in Escherichia coli by utilizing hasA genes from Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus parauberis, and employing metabolic engineering strategies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The expression of the hasA (SpaHasA) gene from S. parauberis in E. coli K12 W3110 led to higher HA production compared to the other gene. Knockout of the zwf and pfkA genes in the engineered E. coli expressing SpaHasA gene, further increased HA production to 891 mg l<sup>-1</sup>. Overexpression of the galU and ugd genes in the zwf and pfkA double mutant harboring the SpaHasA gene elevated HA output to 1017 mg l<sup>-1</sup>. Using the same engineered E. coli strain, optimizing the MgSO<sub>4</sub> concentration in the culture medium enhanced production to 1187 mg l<sup>-1</sup>, and in fed-batch fermentation, it achieved 2283 mg HA l<sup>-1</sup>.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The hasA genes from various Streptococcus groups, especially S. parauberis, significantly boost HA production in E. coli, demonstrating their potential for microbial fermentation applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8929,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Letters","volume":"47 2","pages":"34"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}