Biotechnology Letters最新文献

{"title":"Recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor produced in Nicotiana benthamiana enhances cell viability and wound healing.","authors":"Ashwini Malla, Utapin Ngaokrajang, Kittinop Kittirotruji, Kittipong Sanookpan, Visarut Buranasudja, Balamurugan Shanmugaraj, Waranyoo Phoolcharoen","doi":"10.1007/s10529-026-03758-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10529-026-03758-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF), also known as FGF2, is a multifunctional growth factor involved in several physiological and pathological processes, including angiogenesis, wound healing, and embryonic development. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of producing recombinant bFGF in Nicotiana benthamiana using a geminiviral transient expression vector. The primary objective was to assess the bioactivity of N. benthamiana-produced bFGF in comparison with commercially available recombinant bFGF preparations produced in different heterologous expression systems. NIH-3T3 cells were exposed to varying concentrations (0.5-1000 ng/mL) of plant-produced bFGF for 24 and 48 h. The assessment parameters included cell viability, cellular responses, and wound-healing capacity. The plant-produced bFGF exhibited slightly greater cell viability compared to the non-treated control and a modest increase in cell proliferation. The analysis of the dose-response curve yielded an EC50 value of 0.171 ng/mL highlighting the bioactivity and potency of plant-produced bFGF. These results demonstrate the efficacy of plant-derived bFGF in promoting cellular activities and facilitating wound closure, underscoring its potential for wound healing applications. However, further validation through preclinical and clinical studies is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":8929,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Letters","volume":"48 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148468294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant potential and metabolic profiling of Viola odorata and the endophytic Rhizobium sp. BR7.","authors":"Richa Salwan, Vivek Sharma, Himanshu Dwivedi, Abdul Qayum, R Murugeswaran","doi":"10.1007/s10529-026-03764-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10529-026-03764-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The interaction between medicinal plants and their root-associated microbes plays a key role in shaping rhizosphere chemistry and bioactivity. This study evaluates the antioxidant potential and metabolic profiles of Viola odorata roots and associated Rhizobium sp. BR7 using in vitro DPPH, ABTS, FRAC based antioxidant assays and LC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics. Both plant and microbial extracts exhibited significant free radical-scavenging capacity. The isolate BR7 showed the most potent antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ = 69 µg/mL), followed by AH3, JN9, and SGA9. Isolates BR5 and KB11 showed lower efficacy. The inverse correlation was observed between flavonoid content and ABTS based antioxidant activity, indicating the key role of flavonoids in antioxidant potential. LC-MS based analysis revealed overlapping antioxidant metabolites such as caffeic acid derivatives, kaempferol-3-O46 glucoside, apigenin, and chlorogenic acid, indicating metabolic complementarity between plant and bacteria. Besides these, BR7 also contained unique compounds including indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) fragments, rhamnolipid-like biosurfactants, and alkylresorcinols, suggesting strong rhizosphere adaptability. Overall, Rhizobium sp. BR7 emerges as a promising source of antioxidant co-metabolites with potential applications in biopharmaceutical and functional food development.</p>","PeriodicalId":8929,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Letters","volume":"48 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148444275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-yield RNA extraction from Nepenthes × ventrata pitchers by simple modification of the CTAB method.","authors":"Kaho Teramachi, Tsuyoshi Kaneta","doi":"10.1007/s10529-026-03763-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10529-026-03763-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>RNA extraction from some plants is difficult owing to the presence of pigments and secondary metabolites in vacuoles and cell walls, which hinder molecular biological studies. In this study, we developed a simple method for high-yield RNA extraction from pitchers of the carnivorous plant Nepenthes × ventrata that is recalcitrant to RNA isolation. RNA was extracted from pitchers of Nepenthes × ventrata at different developmental stages using conventional methods. Additionally, a modified cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) method, in which an ethanol-precipitation step at high LiCl concentration was introduced, was used to extract RNA. Conventional purification methods yielded low or negligible amounts of RNA from pitcher tissues of Nepenthes, and the extracts contained visible pigment contamination. The conventional CTAB method, which is effective for RNA extraction from sweet potato tissues, also yielded only a small amount of RNA from Nepenthes tissues; most of the RNA remained in the supernatant discarded during the LiCl precipitation step, along with the contaminating pigments. By replacing this step with ethanol precipitation in the presence of high concentration of LiCl, the contaminating pigments were removed, and RNA with high purity and yield was recovered. Purified RNA could be efficiently used for full-length cDNA synthesis. The modified method requires no expensive extraction kits and is relatively safe because it does not use phenol. Therefore, this method may be effectively applied to plants that are recalcitrant to RNA isolation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8929,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Letters","volume":"48 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148434971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Welan gum promotes camptothecin production in Camptotheca acuminata by activating multiple signaling pathways.","authors":"Bingrun Yang, Wenhui Ma, Jianing Cheng, Xiaoxiao Gao, Fang Yu","doi":"10.1007/s10529-026-03759-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10529-026-03759-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the effect of welan gum on camptothecin (CPT) accumulation in Camptotheca acuminata leaves. We evaluated the impact of welan gum treatment on CPT biosynthesis by measuring CPT accumulation and the expression of key CPT biosynthetic genes in C. acuminata leaves. Transcriptome analysis was performed to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms driving welan gum-induced CPT biosynthesis. Welan gum application significantly enhanced CPT accumulation by upregulating the expression of CPT biosynthesis genes. Transcriptome data revealed strong activation of the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway through increased SA production, which appears to play a central role in mediating CPT biosynthesis in response to welan gum. In addition to SA signaling, jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), and gibberellin (GA) signaling pathways also responded to welan gum, highlighting a complex regulatory network underlying the plant's adaptation to microbial polysaccharide signals. Welan gum treatment robustly activates multiple signaling pathways, particularly SA signaling, thereby promoting CPT accumulation in C. acuminata leaves. The coordinated modulation of these pathways reflects the intricate transcriptional reprogramming that balances growth and defense responses, enabling the plant to dynamically adjust to environmental cues triggered by microbial polysaccharides.</p>","PeriodicalId":8929,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Letters","volume":"48 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148403316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insight of Pichia kudriavzevii for single cell protein production and fermentation into ethanol using Thai banana as an alternative feedstock.","authors":"Wittaya Tawong, Kawee Sujipuli, Thanita Boonsrangsom, Kumrop Ratanasut, Anurak Khieokhajonkhet, Woraphan Khongnapha, Aphitchaya Rinrit, Pongsanat Pongcharoen","doi":"10.1007/s10529-026-03762-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10529-026-03762-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purposes: </strong>The objective of this study was to assess the potential of yeast Pichia kudriavzevii (NUNS-4, NUNS-5, NUNS-6, and TISTR5147) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae TISTR5606 strain to utilize banana, Musa ABB cv. (Kluai Namwa) and Musa sapientum L. cv. (Kluai Khai), biomass through the co-production of single cell protein and ethanol.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All tested strains grew well on both YPD and banana-based agar, confirming that banana residues can sustain yeast growth. Supplementation with banana biomass significantly enhanced protein and carbohydrate content. Notably, P. kudriavzevii TISTR5147, P. kudriavzevii NUNS-6, and S. cerevisiae TISTR5606 exhibited the highest single cell protein levels (50.85 ± 1.73%, 49.13 ± 1.50%, and 46.96 ± 1.07%, respectively) using Kluai Namwa, compared to controls without banana substrate. Ethanol yields were also increased when banana biomass was included. Co-fermentation of ripe pulp Kluai Khai with YPD resulted in the highest ethanol yields, reaching 77.63 ± 3.11 g/L for P. kudriavzevii NUNS-6, followed by 76.57 ± 4.49 g/L for NUNS-5, 74.17 ± 2.21 g/L for NUNS-4, and 72.32 ± 1.63 g/L for TISTR5147. Therefore, P. kudriavzevii NUNS-6 demonstrated superior efficiency as a dual producer of single-cell protein and ethanol.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings demonstrate that banana biomass is a cost-effective and sustainable carbon source for single-cell protein and ethanol production. Moreover, the P. kudriavzevii NUNS strains exhibited strong potential for bioconversion of banana residues into high-value products, supporting their applicability in future large-scale biotechnological processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8929,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Letters","volume":"48 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148395792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CitM mediates hydroxycitrate (HCA) uptake: insights from heterologous expression in Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis mutant analysis and membrane topology prediction.","authors":"Manali Chandnani, Aditi Buch","doi":"10.1007/s10529-026-03736-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10529-026-03736-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The biotechnological potential of microbial assimilation of C₆ tricarboxylates relies heavily on the availability of transporters. Hydroxycitrate (HCA), a structural analog of citrate, accumulates abundantly in Garcinia plants and could serve as a valuable biosynthetic precursor; however, its uptake systems are poorly known. This study aimed to identify and functionally characterize Bacillus subtilis citrate transporters and their ability to enable HCA uptake in the heterologous Escherichia coli system.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Growth of wild-type and transporter-deficient derivatives of B. subtilis (ΔcitM, ΔcimH, ΔcitH, and ΔyraO) was profiled in presence of HCA and citrate using plate and broth assays. Genes encoding these transporters were independently expressed in E. coli to confirm their functional potential, in correlation with structural and topological predictions derived from PSIPRED and MEMSAT-SVM analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Deletion of citM severely diminished the growth of B. subtilis on HCA and citrate while that of cimH distinctly impaired growth on HCA, unlike citH and yraO knockouts. However, only citM overexpression enabled HCA uptake in E. coli. Favorable membrane-insertion topology predicted by the PSIPRED/MEMSAT analysis further supported CitM's exclusive functionality as an HCA transporter.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CitM was identified as primarily necessary and sufficient for HCA uptake in both B. subtilis and E. coli. The potential of CimH untapped under the tested conditions could be determined through host-optimization strategies. Such mechanistic insights into the expanded transporter promiscuity provide an important framework for engineering microbial systems capable of valorizing HCA-rich agrowaste into value-added products.</p>","PeriodicalId":8929,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Letters","volume":"48 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148374302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foliar and root absorption of LDH nanosheets loaded with dsRNAs efficiently silenced the expression of whitefly Bemisia tabaci Laccase 1 and Vitellogenin Receptor genes for their effective control.","authors":"Archna Suhag, Ankit Kumari, Pawan K Jaiwal, Darshna Chaudhary, Ranjana Jaiwal","doi":"10.1007/s10529-026-03753-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10529-026-03753-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Whitefly Bemisia tabaci, a most damaging sap-sucking pest, has threatened food and nutrition security globally. Its management is quite challenging due to its short life cycle, rapid reproduction rate, and ability to evolve resistance to synthetic pesticides. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of exogenously supplied, non-transgenic RNAi-based biopesticides by synthesizing double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) targeting two essential genes Laccase 1 and Vitellogenin receptor, in whitefly.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>dsRNA of B. tabaci Laccase 1 (BtLac 1) and Vitellogenin Receptor (BtVgR) genes are synthesized by in-vitro transcription and conjugated with Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets delivered via plant foliar spray or root absorption to silence the B. tabaci complementary target genes. Downregulation of genes was confirmed by the quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and confocal microscopy.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Silencing of the target genes BtLac1 or BtVgR has caused significant mortality, reduced egg laying, and reduced adult emergence. Uptake of blue dye by whitefly nymphs was confirmed by visual observation under a stereomicroscope, where the presence of dye in their bodies indicated the movement of dsRNA/dsRNA-LDH from plants and subsequent gene silencing. BtLac1 dsRNA-LDH more efficiently induced maximum whitefly mortality (92%), reductions in egg-laying (66%) and adult emergence (79%), than BtVgR dsRNA-LDH; however, the latter triggered the greatest decrease in gene expression (79.3%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Root absorption with dsRNA-LDH was more efficient than foliar spray. The nanosheets-loaded dsRNA remained stable for more than seven days post-treatment. Furthermore, this technique is safer and more environmentally sustainable than traditional chemical control methods, as it enables gene-specific silencing across the whitefly's life cycle stages.</p>","PeriodicalId":8929,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Letters","volume":"48 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148374321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morfo-anatomical insights into the germination and protocorm growth of the endangered Vanilla lindmaniana (Orchidaceae).","authors":"Jenifer Caroline Moreira Campos, Clarissa Alves Stefanello, Vitória Weiss Pereira Moraes, Emerson Ricardo Pansarin, Hugo Pacheco de Freitas Fraga","doi":"10.1007/s10529-026-03752-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10529-026-03752-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite their global importance, knowledge of Vanilla plant nutrition and physiology remains limited, particularly regarding germination processes that underpin species ecology, fruit attraction, and seed dispersal. This study elucidates the germination stages of the endangered Vanilla lindmaniana through detailed morpho-anatomical analyses. Mature seeds were disinfected, chemically scarified, and sown on BM1 medium under controlled conditions (30 °C, darkness). Protocorm development was characterized through stages at morphological and anatomical levels, utilizing light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Successful in vitro germination was achieved, with initiation at three months and a germination rate of 61.8%, alongside a protocorm rooting frequency of 93.86%. Germination was triggered by rupture of a specific seed coat layer, resulting in a \"clam-like\" split, concurrent with starch accumulation. Roots emerged at Stage IV, growing vigorously, while the shoot apex remained short; raphides were occasionally observed in the root cortex. This work presents a novel inoculation and germination procedure for mature V. lindmaniana seeds, highlighting BM1 medium as a suitable formulation for germination and early development. Understanding these mechanisms is vital for conservation efforts and genetic engineering, facilitating species propagation and advancing knowledge of the Vanilla life cycle. Our findings contribute essential insights into the early development stages of this rare species, supporting both its preservation and sustainable cultivation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8929,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Letters","volume":"48 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13287153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148293362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biosynthetic glycosylation as a critical structural determinant of antifungal activity in venturicidin A.","authors":"Jiaozhuang Liu, Liangting Liu, Chunya Xie, Zhi Qiao, Xinyu Liu, Yan-Bin Teng, Gang Liu, Zhenbin Zhou, Qi Chen","doi":"10.1007/s10529-026-03751-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10529-026-03751-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Venturicidin A (1) constitutes a glycosylated macrolide endowed with potent antifungal activity; however, the discrete contributions of its post-polyketide synthase modifications to bioactivity have remained elusive. Here we systematically deconvolute the structure-activity relationships of venturicidin A (1), its glycosylated congener venturicidin B (2), and the aglycon derivative venturicidin X (3). The latter was generated through targeted disruption of the glycosyltransferase-encoding gene vtdG. Across a panel of eight phytopathogenic fungal species, the glycosylated congeners exhibit markedly superior antifungal activity relative to the aglycon, with 1 outperforming the commercial fungicide carbendazim against Alternaria alstroemeriae CGMCC 3.1640. Mechanistically, glycosylation critically dictates the extent of plasma membrane disruption and mitochondrial impairment, whereas the carbamoyl moiety contributes negligibly to these phenotypes. Collectively, these findings establish the glycosyl moiety as an indispensable structural determinant of antifungal potency, furnishing a strategic blueprint for the rational optimization of venturicidin analogues.</p>","PeriodicalId":8929,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Letters","volume":"48 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148248903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scaling up biomass production of Vishniacozyma victoriae and semi-commercial testing for post-harvest control of pome fruit disease.","authors":"M Florencia Gorordo, J Magdalena Fontanini, M Ester Lucca, M Paula Sangorrín","doi":"10.1007/s10529-026-03744-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10529-026-03744-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Postharvest losses of pome fruits such as apples and pears, primarily due to fungal pathogens, represent a significant challenge for global fruit production. Conventional chemical control strategies have raised concerns regarding food safety and environmental impact, highlighting the need for sustainable alternatives. This study aimed to scale up the biomass production of the epiphytic yeast Vishniacozyma victoriae NPCC 1263, a promising biological control agent (BCA) against postharvest diseases in pome fruits, and to evaluate its efficacy under semi-commercial conditions. BCA yeast biomass was produced using low-cost media based on cheese whey powder (CWP) and salts in laboratory (15 L) and pilot-scale (140 L) bioreactors, applying batch and semi-continuous cultivation modes. The volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (k_La) was used as the scale-up criterion. The biomass yield, CFU/mL, and viability after drying and storage were assessed. At the pilot scale, the biomass concentration was 20.7 g/L, which was more than double the concentration obtained under batch conditions at the laboratory scale (8.89 g/L). This confirmed the scalability of the process. The freeze-dried yeast biomass retained 35.1% viability after 330 days of storage at room temperature, while spray-drying proved inadequate due to heat sensitivity. Both fresh and freeze-dried formulations were evaluated in two harvest seasons on Beurré D'Anjou and Packham's Triumph pears, and Red Delicious apples. The treatments reduced the natural incidence of Penicillium expansum, Botrytis cinerea, and Alternaria-Cladosporium spp., by more than 42%. The results demonstrate the feasibility of large-scale production and application of V. victoriae, supporting its potential integration into sustainable postharvest disease management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8929,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology Letters","volume":"48 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148203795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}