{"title":"New Insights Into the Role That Familial Genetic Risk Factors and Severe Infections Play in Increasing the Risk of an Individual to Develop Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder","authors":"James F. Leckman","doi":"10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.12.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.12.016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8918,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry","volume":"97 7","pages":"Page 660"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"When, How, and Where: Combining Psychotherapy and Neuromodulation for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder","authors":"Sarah Ann Smith , Katharine Dunlop","doi":"10.1016/j.biopsych.2025.01.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biopsych.2025.01.018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8918,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry","volume":"97 7","pages":"Pages 661-663"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cato Romero, Christiaan de Leeuw, Marijn Schipper, Bernardo de A P C Maciel, Martijn P van den Heuvel, Rachel M Brouwer, August B Smit, Frank Koopmans, Danielle Posthuma, Sophie van der Sluis
{"title":"Immune-developmental processes contribute to schizophrenia risk: insights from a genetic overlap study with height.","authors":"Cato Romero, Christiaan de Leeuw, Marijn Schipper, Bernardo de A P C Maciel, Martijn P van den Heuvel, Rachel M Brouwer, August B Smit, Frank Koopmans, Danielle Posthuma, Sophie van der Sluis","doi":"10.1016/j.biopsych.2025.02.902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2025.02.902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Shorter stature has been phenotypically linked to increased prevalence of schizophrenia (SCZ), but the nature of this association is unknown.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using genome-wide genetic data, we studied the SCZ-height relationship on a genetic level. Applying novel genetic methods and tools, we analyzed gene-sets, tissue-types, cell-types, local genetic correlation, conditional genetic analyses, and fine-mapping of effector-genes to scrutinize the SCZ-height relationship.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 142 genes statistically associated with both SCZ and height and found enrichment in 3 functional gene-sets. Genetic annotations implicated the pituitary and specifically mesenchymal stem cells for height and thyrotropic cells for SCZ. While the global SCZ-height genetic correlation was nonsignificant, 9 genomic regions showed robust local genetic correlations (7 negative, 6 in the MHC-region). The shared genetic signal for SCZ and height within the 6 MHC-regions was partially explained by mutual genetic overlap with white blood cell count, particularly lymphocytes. Fine-mapping prioritized 3 shared effector-genes (GIGYF2, HLA-C, and LIN28B) involved in immune response sensitivity and development of immune and pituitary cell-types.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, our findings suggest an involvement during height-development of thyrotropic cells and immune response sensitivity contributing towards risk of SCZ.</p>","PeriodicalId":8918,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143613230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jonathan Repple, Maximilian Bayas, Chiara Möser, Nene F Kobayashi, Andreas Reif
{"title":"Current evidence for the role of rapid-acting antidepressants (RAAD) in bipolar depression? A perspective and plan for action.","authors":"Jonathan Repple, Maximilian Bayas, Chiara Möser, Nene F Kobayashi, Andreas Reif","doi":"10.1016/j.biopsych.2025.02.903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2025.02.903","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>After decades of limited progress in depression treatment, recent advancements have sparked renewed interest in developing novel antidepressants, particularly rapid-acting antidepressants (RAADs). Despite these promising developments, there remains a significant gap in research on bipolar depression. While several antipsychotics have been investigated for their efficacy in bipolar depression due to the reduced risk of mania induction, research on RAADs, such as (es)ketamine, remains scarce despite their demonstrated safety and effectiveness. This review gives an overview of current developments in RAADs in the context of bipolar disorder. Both published studies as well as phase II, III and IV studies on bipolar depression (based on clinicaltrials.gov) are reviewed in this work. The following RAAD substance classes have been or are currently investigated as possible treatments for bipolar depression: NMDA antagonists and indirect AMPA agonists (ketamine, esketamine, riluzole, felbamate), GABA-A activators or positive allosteric modulators (zuranolone, pregnenolone, PEA), psychedelics (psilocybin, 5-MeO-DMT), muscarine receptor antagonists (scopolamine), and kappa-opioid receptor antagonists (navacaprant). Other than the well-established efficacy and safety of (es)ketamine in treating bipolar depression, there has been little research effort in the treatment of bipolar depression. Recent research into RAADs demonstrates the growing field of novel mechanisms of action in the pharmacological treatment of bipolar depression. However, there is an urgent need for well-controlled clinical studies on RAADs in bipolar depression to expand treatment options and improve outcomes for millions of affected individuals worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":8918,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
William R Reay, Kirrilly M Pursey, Jackson G Thorp
{"title":"Does the influence of low body-mass index on diagnosis complicate genetic studies of the role of cardiometabolic traits in liability to anorexia nervosa?","authors":"William R Reay, Kirrilly M Pursey, Jackson G Thorp","doi":"10.1016/j.biopsych.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder for which the underlying aetiology remains mostly uncharacterised. Large-scale genetic studies of AN suggest a relationship between AN liability and cardiometabolic traits, such as lipid and glycaemic biology, which may reveal novel treatment targets through pharmacological or nutritional interventions. However, the role of body mass index (BMI) in the diagnosis of AN presents a challenge in the interpretation of these genetic studies. Specifically, BMI is a heritable trait with a genetic architecture that is related to cardiometabolic traits. This becomes particularly salient with the emergence of an \"atypical\" AN diagnosis whereby individuals display behaviours consistent with AN, but their BMI remains within normal or higher ranges. In this review, we outline the evidence from genetic studies that support a role of cardiometabolic traits in risk for AN, as well as the unmet need to study cardiometabolic factors in atypical AN. The influence of selection for individuals with low BMI, particularly from large, international studies that rely on cohorts that used older diagnostic criteria, will be discussed, along with efforts from the literature to disentangle these relationships. We conclude that there is at least some evidence that genetic susceptibility to lower BMI may impact the inferred cardiometabolic relationships with AN genetic liability; however, there remains genetic support for a role of metabolic factors in AN risk beyond what is directly attributable to weight related diagnostic considerations alone. Finally, we provide recommendations for future genetic studies exploring cardiometabolic traits across the spectrum of eating disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":8918,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143584472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bernard N Johnson, Mia I Allen, Susan H Nader, Kiran Kumar Solingapuram Sai, Ashish Kumar, Yixin Su, Sangeeta Singh, Songye Li, Yiyun Huang, Gagan Deep, Michael A Nader
{"title":"Effects of Long-Term Cocaine Self-Administration on Kappa Opioid Receptors in Socially Housed Cynomolgus Monkeys as Assessed with PET Imaging and Neuronally Derived Exosomes.","authors":"Bernard N Johnson, Mia I Allen, Susan H Nader, Kiran Kumar Solingapuram Sai, Ashish Kumar, Yixin Su, Sangeeta Singh, Songye Li, Yiyun Huang, Gagan Deep, Michael A Nader","doi":"10.1016/j.biopsych.2025.02.900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2025.02.900","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The present study utilized PET imaging to examine how long-term cocaine self-administration (SA) and time-off from cocaine affected kappa opioid receptor (KOR) availability in the brain of previously cocaine-naïve monkeys. In addition, neuronally derived small extracellular vesicles (NDEs) were measured from plasma to identify peripheral measures of KORs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Female (n=6) and male (n=7) cynomolgus monkeys, living in stable same-sex social groups, were trained to SA intravenous cocaine. PET imaging with the KOR selective agonist [<sup>11</sup>C]EKAP occurred after monkeys had SA ∼100 mg/kg total cocaine intake and after ∼30 days off from cocaine; in a subset of monkeys, a third PET scan was conducted after ∼100 days off from cocaine. Blood samples were obtained prior to each PET study and NDEs from the plasma were isolated by immunocapture method and analyzed for percentage of KOR+.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were significant interactions between condition (100 mg/kg cocaine, and 30-days off cocaine), sex, and social rank in KOR availability across 7 of 15 brain regions. More specifically, these interactions were associated with increased KOR availability following cocaine SA and after 30-days off from cocaine in dominant females. In a subset of monkeys, no differences were observed in [<sup>11</sup>C]EKAP binding between 30- and 100-days off from cocaine. NDEs showed significant interactions between sex and condition, providing a peripheral measure consistent with the PET results.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings extend previous research in socially housed monkeys to the KOR and suggest that KOR may be a viable target for pharmacological interventions for cocaine misuse, especially in women.</p>","PeriodicalId":8918,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143584474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roy Lardenoije, Michelle N C A Smulders, Elyse L Morin, Brittany R Howell, Dora Guzman, Jerrold S Meyer, Kerry J Ressler, Mar Sánchez, Torsten Klengel
{"title":"A cross-generational methylomic signature of infant maltreatment in newborn rhesus macaques.","authors":"Roy Lardenoije, Michelle N C A Smulders, Elyse L Morin, Brittany R Howell, Dora Guzman, Jerrold S Meyer, Kerry J Ressler, Mar Sánchez, Torsten Klengel","doi":"10.1016/j.biopsych.2025.02.901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2025.02.901","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early life adversity (ELA) result in detrimental physical and mental health outcomes. The impact of ELA can reverberate across generations, with epigenetic modifications being one of the proposed biological correlates of exposure to ELA. Here we bridge the translational gap between rodent models and clinical studies by utilizing a nonhuman primate model to study the cross-generational epigenetic and functional footprints of physical maltreatment and neglect.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Methylomic profiling was performed using the Illumina MethylationEPIC array platform, adapted for rhesus macaques. 339,081 individual methylation sites were compared between newborn offspring of maltreated (n = 14, 8 female) and non-maltreated (n = 12, 5 female) mothers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 409 differentially methylated positions (DMPs) and 7 differentially methylated regions associated with the cross-generational impact of infant maltreatment. A subsequent pathway enrichment analysis revealed 78 enriched pathways. Neonatal blood cortisol levels were significantly lower in animals with a maltreated mother (maltreated n = 13, 7 female; control n = 9, 4 female). Out of the 409 DMPs, 46 showed an association with blood cortisol levels, of which 19 were found to potentially mediate the association between ancestral infant maltreatment and decreased blood cortisol levels. Finally, 137 of the DMPs were associated with a human trait in the EWAS Atlas, including child abuse and glucocorticoid exposure.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings provide a deeper insight into the role of epigenetic alterations across generations after environmental insults and how this may impact the development of phenotypic alterations in offspring of maltreatment exposed individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":8918,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143584470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Avijit Chowdhury, Sarah Boukezzi, Sara Costi, Sara Hameed, Yael Jacob, Ramiro Salas, Dan V Iosifescu, Ming-Hu Han, Alan Swann, Sanjay J Mathew, Laurel Morris, James W Murrough
{"title":"Effects of the KCNQ (Kv7) Channel Opener Ezogabine on Resting-State Functional Connectivity of Striatal Brain Reward Regions, Depression and Anhedonia in Major Depressive Disorder: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Avijit Chowdhury, Sarah Boukezzi, Sara Costi, Sara Hameed, Yael Jacob, Ramiro Salas, Dan V Iosifescu, Ming-Hu Han, Alan Swann, Sanjay J Mathew, Laurel Morris, James W Murrough","doi":"10.1016/j.biopsych.2025.02.897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2025.02.897","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide, with available treatments often showing limited efficacy. Recent research suggests targeting specific subtypes of depression and understanding the underlying brain mechanisms can improve treatment outcomes. This study investigates the potential of the potassium KCNQ (Kv7) channel opener ezogabine to modulate the resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) of the brain's reward circuitry and alleviate depressive symptoms, including anhedonia, a core feature of MDD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial in individuals aged 18 to 65 with MDD compared daily dosing with ezogabine (n=19) to placebo (n=21) for five weeks. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) assessed RSFC of the brain's key reward regions (ventral caudate, nucleus accumbens) at baseline and post-treatment. Clinical symptoms were measured using the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS), Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), and other clinical symptom scales.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ezogabine significantly reduced RSFC between the reward seeds and the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC)/precuneus compared to placebo, which was associated with a reduction in depression severity. Improvements in anhedonia (SHAPS) and depressive symptoms (MADRS) with ezogabine compared to placebo were also associated with decreased connectivity between the reward seeds and mid/posterior cingulate regions (MCC, PCC, precuneus).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings suggest that ezogabine's antidepressant effects are mediated through modulation of striatal-mid/posterior cingulate connectivity, indicating a potential therapeutic mechanism for KCNQ-targeted drugs for MDD and anhedonia. Future studies should validate these results in larger trials.</p><p><strong>Clinicaltrials: </strong>gov identifier: NCT03043560.</p>","PeriodicalId":8918,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143571954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}