Biopolymers最新文献

{"title":"Nicotinic Acid–Modified Chitosan Nanoparticles for Enhanced Resveratrol Delivery and Anticancer Activity","authors":"Sema Şentürk,&nbsp;Özlem Kaplan,&nbsp;Kevser Bal,&nbsp;Sibel Küçükertuğrul Çelik,&nbsp;Nazan Gökşen Tosun,&nbsp;Mehmet Koray Gök","doi":"10.1002/bip.70085","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bip.70085","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study focused on functionalizing chitosan with nicotinic acid, the active form of vitamin B3, to obtain a new derivative (Chi_Nico) with enhanced solubility at physiological pH, improved proton buffering capacity, and in vitro anticancer activity, and to develop resveratrol-loaded nanoparticles (nChi_Nico-RES) for enhanced anticancer performance. Chitosan was modified through EDC-mediated amidation, and successful conjugation was confirmed by FTIR, ¹H NMR, and GPC/SEC analyses. Nicotinic acid grafting increased molecular weight, introduced characteristic amide signals, improved solubility at physiological pH, and enhanced proton buffering capacity. Nanoparticles were prepared by ionotropic gelation and showed sizes of 100–140 nm, PDI values below 0.4, and a positive surface charge of +18 to +20 mV. Blank nanoparticles exhibited minimal cytotoxicity, while resveratrol-loaded formulations demonstrated significant anticancer activity in HeLa cervical cancer cells and HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cell line. Notably, nChi_Nico-RES reduced HeLa and HT-29 cell viability more effectively than free resveratrol and nanoparticles based on unmodified chitosan, indicating an additive contribution from nicotinic acid. In contrast, the cytotoxic effect on healthy BJ fibroblasts remained considerably lower, supporting the biocompatibility and selective potential of the system. Overall, nicotinic acid modification improves chitosan's carrier performance and offers a novel strategy by combining two natural bioactive molecules within a single nanoparticle platform.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8866,"journal":{"name":"Biopolymers","volume":"117 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146206411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stepwise LCST-Type Phase Separation in Mixtures of Short-Chain Elastin-Like Peptides With Minimal Structural Differences","authors":"Naoki Tanaka,&nbsp;Keitaro Suyama,&nbsp;Elissa Mai,&nbsp;Takeru Nose","doi":"10.1002/bip.70084","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bip.70084","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Elastin-like peptides (ELPs) comprise repetitive pentapeptide sequences and exhibit liquid–liquid phase separation through lower critical solution temperature-type behavior. Their stimuli-responsive behavior has enabled diverse applications in biomedical and chemical contexts. Although the miscibility and interactions of ELP mixtures have been previously studied, it remains unclear whether mixtures of short-chain ELPs with minimal differences in intrinsic parameters, such as chain length, can exhibit distinct phase behaviors. In this study, we investigated whether synthetic short-chain ELPs differing in length by only one or two repeat units (i.e., 5 or 10 residues) could exhibit independent phase transitions in mixed systems. Turbidity measurements of single- and two-component ELP solutions supported by UPLC-MS analysis revealed stepwise phase transitions upon heating. Our mechanistic analyses revealed that the mixtures undergo a structural transition from polyproline type II helix to β-sheet or β-turn structures. In addition, although the mixtures exhibited stepwise phase separation, our results indicate that heterotypic interactions influenced the sequential phase behavior. These findings reveal that even subtle variations in the ELP chain length and architecture can drive distinct phase separation, providing a rational strategy for designing functional, multicomponent, responsive peptide-based materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":8866,"journal":{"name":"Biopolymers","volume":"117 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12903191/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146176902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prolonged Release of IL-10 From Enzyme-Mediated Poly-l-(Tyrosine-co-Phenylalanine) Nanocrystals Enhances Stability and Modulates Inflammatory Responses","authors":"Fátima Landa-Tencle,&nbsp;Carmen G. Hernández-Valencia,&nbsp;Fernando Guzmán-Lagunes,&nbsp;Carmina Montiel,&nbsp;Yoan Cuellar-Entenza,&nbsp;Carlos Guerrero-Sánchez,&nbsp;Steffi Stumpf,&nbsp;Stephanie Hoeppener,&nbsp;Ulrich S. Shubert,&nbsp;Yessica Zamudio-Cuevas,&nbsp;Roberto Sánchez-Sánchez,&nbsp;Miquel Gimeno","doi":"10.1002/bip.70083","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bip.70083","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Protease-catalyzed synthesis of a peptide composed of <span>l</span>-tyrosine and <span>l</span>-phenylalanine (2.2:1 M ratio) was achieved in a natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) medium and subsequently employed to encapsulate the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). IL-10 was loaded into enzyme-mediated peptide nanocrystals at doses of 200 and 400 ng, achieving stable nanocomposite formulations. Release studies were conducted in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) at 37°C under gentle agitation, revealing a sustained release profile extending up to 30–31 days, with an initial release of approximately 16% within the first 5 days and near-complete release between Days 10 and 25, depending on loading. Encapsulation effectively protected IL-10 from rapid degradation observed for the free cytokine under identical conditions, resulting in markedly enhanced stability. The nanocrystals were further integrated into porcine gelatin–hyaluronic acid (Ge:HA) and microbial poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate) (PHBV) matrices, where IL-10 release was further modulated, reaching up to ~80% release from Ge:HA and ~100% from PHBV-based systems over 31 days. Cytotoxicity assays using primary human dermal fibroblasts confirmed excellent biocompatibility of all formulations. Moreover, studies in PMA-activated THP-1 macrophage-like cells demonstrated reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and suppression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6, highlighting the combined protective and immunomodulatory effects of IL-10 encapsulation. The presence of tyrosine residues within the nanocarrier further suggests intrinsic antioxidant contributions. Overall, these results support enzyme-mediated peptide nanocrystals as an effective platform for the stabilization and prolonged release of IL-10, with strong potential for treating inflammation-related skin conditions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8866,"journal":{"name":"Biopolymers","volume":"117 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146112134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Synthesis, Drug Release, and Biological Evaluation of New Anticancer Drug–Bioconjugates Containing Somatostatin Backbone Cyclic Analog as a Targeting Moiety”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/bip.70082","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bip.70082","url":null,"abstract":"<p>B. Redko, E. Ragozin, B. Andrii, T. Helena, A. Amnon, S. Z., Talia, O.-H. Mor, K. Genady, and G. Gary, “Synthesis, Drug Release, and Biological Evaluation of New Anticancer Drug–Bioconjugates Containing Somatostatin Backbone Cyclic Analog as a Targeting Moiety,” <i>Biopolymers</i> 104 (2015): 743–752. https://doi.org/10.1002/bip.22694.</p><p>The first name of the third listed author was spelled incorrectly in the published article. It was originally published as “<b>Andreii</b>”, but the correct spelling is “<b>Andrii</b>”. The online version of this article has been corrected accordingly.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":8866,"journal":{"name":"Biopolymers","volume":"117 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bip.70082","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146103714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sodium Alginate–Benzene Sulfonate Ether: Synthesis, Behavior in Aqueous Solutions, and Anticoagulant Activity","authors":"Mikhail A. Torlopov,&nbsp;Natalia N. Drozd,&nbsp;Vasily I. Mikhaylov,&nbsp;Petr A. Sitnikov,&nbsp;Elena V. Udoratina","doi":"10.1002/bip.70080","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bip.70080","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The functionalization of alginate through the introduction of sulfonate groups represents a promising strategy for the targeted improvement of its bioactive characteristics. In this study, novel alginic acid derivatives modified with benzene sulfonate groups were synthesized in an aqueous alkaline medium, achieving a degree of substitution up to 0.51. The chemical structures of the obtained ethers were confirmed by NMR, FTIR, and UV spectroscopy. The effects of pH and ionic strength on the size of macromolecular aggregates in aqueous solutions were investigated using dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering techniques. Potentiometric titration results revealed enhanced intra- and intermolecular interactions correlating with increasing degrees of substitution. Furthermore, the anticoagulant activity of the modified alginates was assessed, demonstrating a significant prolongation of blood and plasma coagulation times.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8866,"journal":{"name":"Biopolymers","volume":"117 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146040377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Hydrolytic Stability of Rice Husk-Polyvinyl Alcohol Biocomposites Through Fertilizer Incorporation for Sustainable Agricultural Mulches","authors":"Muhammad Ammar Yunus,&nbsp;Poh-Wai Chia,&nbsp;Dalina Samsudin,&nbsp;Tse-Seng Chuah","doi":"10.1002/bip.70079","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bip.70079","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rice husk–polyvinyl alcohol (RH–PVA) biocomposites offer a biodegradable alternative to synthetic mulches but are prone to moisture-induced degradation under tropical conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the hydrolytic stability of RH–PVA composites enhanced with NPK-Mg fertilizer at 0%, 9%, and 18% (w/w) under simulated field watering levels of 4, 8, and 16 mm/day. Fertilizer incorporation markedly improved dimensional and mechanical stability. At 16 mm/day, unfertilized mats showed a 27.5% thickness reduction and 12% diameter shrinkage, whereas 9%–18% fertilizer mats maintained &gt; 97.5% thickness and &gt; 96% diameter. Biomass loss decreased from 42% (0% fertilizer) to 35% (18% fertilizer), while tensile strength increased from 0.21 to 0.37 MPa (1.8-fold) and stress resistance from 2.6 to 7.6 MPa (2.9-fold). Scanning electron microscopy imaging indicated fertilizer-induced PVA agglomeration forming a continuous protective matrix that reduced fiber–matrix separation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed selective PVA degradation but preserved Si–O–Si bands, indicating silica network stability and controlled nutrient release. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis revealed progressive melting point depression from 223.6°C for pure PVA to 190.8°C for the composite with 18% fertilizer and reduced crystallinity consistent with ionic interactions restricting polymer chain mobility. Overall, fertilizer integration significantly enhances RH–PVA moisture resistance, supporting its use as a durable, biodegradable mulch for high-rainfall agricultural systems.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8866,"journal":{"name":"Biopolymers","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145948333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Antimicrobial Films Using Eri Silk Fibroin Blended With Green-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Against Common Human Pathogens","authors":"Anbuchezhiyan Sneka,&nbsp;Raghavendra Baregundi Subbarao,&nbsp;Thirunavukkarasu Selvamuthukumaran,&nbsp;Sowbiya Muneer","doi":"10.1002/bip.70078","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bip.70078","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The phyto-fabrication of nanoparticles offers an eco-friendly route to novel functional materials. This study demonstrates the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using <i>Aloe vera</i> (L.) Burm.f. extract and their incorporation into an Eri silk fibroin (ESF) film to create a novel antimicrobial biomaterial. The AgNPs and the resulting composite films were characterized via UV–Vis, FTIR, and SEM–EDX analyses. Incorporating the green-synthesized AgNPs significantly enhanced the film's physical properties, resulting in high porosity (up to 88.46%) and an optimal water vapor transmission rate (2503.19 g/m²/day). The final ESF-AVAg composite film exhibited potent, broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Specifically, the Zone of Inhibition (ZOI) area for the optimal concentration (AVAg6) was 13.00 mm² against <i>Escherichia coli</i>, 13.69 mm² against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, and 17.55 mm² against <i>Candida albicans</i>, significantly outperforming the controls. This work successfully bridges sustainable green synthesis with biomaterial engineering, demonstrating that <i>Aloe vera</i>-derived AgNPs can be effectively integrated into a silk fibroin matrix to produce a high-performance antimicrobial film.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8866,"journal":{"name":"Biopolymers","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145931911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Bioinspired Approach to Mechanically Reinforce Collagen-Rich Tissues Using Modularly Defined Stilbenoids","authors":"Mahmoud Sayed Ahmed,&nbsp;Cheng-Lei Wang,&nbsp;Shaonong Chen,&nbsp;Guido F. Pauli,&nbsp;Ana K. Bedran-Russo","doi":"10.1002/bip.70076","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bip.70076","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Natural products, particularly plant-derived compounds, have long inspired the development of novel dental biomaterials. This study explored the modularity and bioactivity of natural stilbenoids as dental tissue biomodulators, focusing on their ability to reinforce dentin mechanically through interactions with type I collagen. Mid-coronal dentin specimens from human molars were demineralized and treated with 1% solutions of modularly defined stilbenoids (MoDS): a monomer (resveratrol), dimers (<i>ε</i>-viniferin, ampelopsin A), and tetramers (vitisin A, vitisin B). Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) assessed viscoelastic properties (<i>E</i>′, <i>E</i>″, <i>E</i>*, tan <i>δ</i>) over 6 months, while Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) evaluated biochemical changes, and cell viability assays determined biocompatibility. Statistical analysis used ANOVA with post hoc tests (<i>α</i> = 0.05). Only oligomeric MoDS significantly enhanced dentin viscoelasticity (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), with vitisin B showing the highest fold increase in E* modulus (17-fold), followed by vitisin A and <i>ε</i>-viniferin. FTIR confirmed permanent collagen modifications in oligomer-treated groups, while resveratrol showed no mechanical effect. MoDS-induced changes stabilized over time, and all compounds exhibited high biocompatibility, with vitisin B maintaining the highest cell viability. These results demonstrate that MoDS improve dentin mechanical properties and stability through structure-dependent cross-linking, highlighting their potential for durable, bioinspired dental restorations.</p>","PeriodicalId":8866,"journal":{"name":"Biopolymers","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12767555/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145898782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Versatile Applications of Chitosan and Its Derivatives Across Diverse Industries","authors":"Dhiraj L. Wasule,&nbsp;Roshan M. Shinde","doi":"10.1002/bip.70073","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bip.70073","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chitosan, a naturally occurring cationic biopolymer, is a linear polysaccharide composed of D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine units linked by β-1,4-glycosidic bonds. It is produced from demineralization and deproteinization of chitin, which is abundant in the exoskeletons of arthropods, fungal cell walls, algae, microorganisms, and the radulae and beaks of mollusks and cephalopods. Chitosan exhibits several favorable properties, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity, and unique biological and physiological characteristics. These attributes make chitosan a promising material for diverse applications across various industries. Chitosan nanoparticles, in particular, have found extensive use in fields such as biomedicine, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, food technology, cosmetics, water treatment, and textiles. Their versatile applications include functioning as food additives and preservatives, antimicrobial agents, encapsulations of active ingredients, enzyme immobilizers, gelling and coating agents, and biopolymeric nanofilms. Ongoing clinical trials and a steadily growing number of patents across pharmaceutical, biomedical, food, agricultural, and environmental sectors highlight chitosan's multipurpose industrial potential and promising future as a versatile biopolymer.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8866,"journal":{"name":"Biopolymers","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145899076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomimetic Molecular Tweezing at Biointerfaces: A Surface-Driven Strategy to Disrupt Globular Protein Binding While Aligning ECM for Controlled Cellular Activity","authors":"Althaf Umar Kottaraparambil,&nbsp;Kaladhar Kamalasanan,&nbsp;Sreejith Thrivikraman,&nbsp;Praveen Varma,&nbsp;Harika Sapa,&nbsp;Shona Sara Shaji,&nbsp;Sherin Ann Mathew,&nbsp;Ayana Kannaghut Puthukudi","doi":"10.1002/bip.70075","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bip.70075","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Selective protein adsorption on biomaterial surfaces is pivotal for regulating cell behavior and tissue organization in regenerative medicine. However, conventional 2D culture platforms fail to replicate the aligned architecture characteristic of vascular tissues. This study investigates whether a poly (vinyl alcohol)-stearate (PVA–stearate) surface coating can differentially modulate protein adsorption to direct extracellular matrix (ECM) assembly and cell alignment. The PVA–stearate conjugate was synthesized via esterification and extensively characterized by XRD, DSC, TGA, FTIR, AFM, and XPS, confirming successful chemical integration and a uniform nanoscale topography with moderate roughness compared to uncoated controls. Protein interaction analyses (MALDI-TOF and BCA assays) revealed selective suppression of non-specific globular protein adsorption (albumin, insulin) while facilitating collagen fibrillar assembly. Fibroblast (L929) cultures on the modified surfaces exhibited delayed initial adhesion followed by progressive elongation, unidirectional alignment, and coordinated cytoskeletal organization within 48 h, whereas unmodified substrates supported random orientation and disordered ECM deposition. These findings demonstrate that the PVA–stearate coating functions as a bioinstructive interface, enabling protein-specific modulation and guiding biomimetic cell–ECM interactions. This scalable and fully synthetic approach offers promising applications in vascular tissue engineering, antifibrotic surface design, and regenerative medicine platforms requiring controlled cellular organization.</p>","PeriodicalId":8866,"journal":{"name":"Biopolymers","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145898813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}