Biologia futura最新文献

{"title":"Sex hormones and gender differences in immune responses and anticancer immunity: a comprehensive review.","authors":"Souvik Roy, Diyasa Banerjee, Abhinaba Banerjee, Lopamudra Choudhury","doi":"10.1007/s42977-025-00291-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42977-025-00291-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The immune system is a complex network of cells and small molecules that play a crucial role in defending the body against pathogens and maintaining overall health. It has long been recognized that gonadal steroid hormones, such as estrogen, progesterone and testosterone, exert significant influences on immune responses, leading to gender-specific variations in immune function and disease susceptibility. This comprehensive review aims to provide a thorough analysis of the current knowledge regarding the interplay between sex hormones and immune responses, with a specific focus on gender differences. The article explores the fundamental mechanisms underlying the impact of sex hormones on the immune system, highlighting the intricate interactions between hormones and immune cells, including B- and T-lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Moreover, the review sheds light on the dynamic changes in sex hormone levels throughout one's lifespan and their potential implications on immune functions at different developmental stages, including puberty, pregnancy, and menopause. Notably, the role of sex steroid hormones in modulating innate and adaptive immune responses, cytokine production, immune cell trafficking, and immune-mediated tissue damages are also reviewed here. Importantly, the potential of these findings in the development of personalized medicine is huge, as understanding the intricate relationship between sex hormones and immune responses could lead to the design of targeted therapeutic interventions that consider gender-specific factors. In conclusion, this review details the crucial role of sex hormones in shaping immune responses and highlights the profound impact of gender on immune-related diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":8853,"journal":{"name":"Biologia futura","volume":" ","pages":"1-27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145487468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cold tolerance of maize inbred lines at the seed germination stage.","authors":"Eszter Csepregi-Heilmann, Ágnes Áldott-Sipos, Tamás Spitkó, Csaba Szőke, János Pintér, Adrienn Széles, Tamás Berzy, Csaba L Marton","doi":"10.1007/s42977-025-00292-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42977-025-00292-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maize cultivation in northern regions is limited by the crop's sensitivity to low temperatures. The optimal temperature for its germination and early growth is around 30 °C, making cold stress a key barrier to early sowing. In the context of climate change, improving cold tolerance during germination is essential, particularly at higher latitudes, to support earlier sowing and avoid yield losses caused by summer drought and heat stress. Earlier flowering and reduced grain moisture at harvest are major agronomic advantages of early sowing. This study, conducted at the Agricultural Institute of the HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural Research (Hungary), aimed to evaluate cold tolerance among 56 genetically diverse maize inbred lines, including reference lines W401 (cold-tolerant) and W64A (cold-sensitive). Phenological traits were measured under controlled cold stress conditions. Several lines demonstrated strong cold tolerance, with a percentage of emergence (PE) > 85%, days from sowing to emergence (DSE) < 22 days, and cold tolerance index (CTI) values between 3 and 3.9. These inbred lines can represent promising candidates for future breeding programs targeting cold resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":8853,"journal":{"name":"Biologia futura","volume":" ","pages":"101-111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145501552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial, antioxidant, and xanthine-oxidase inhibitory screening studies of selected cyperaceae species occurring in Europe.","authors":"Csilla Zsuzsanna Dávid, Annamária Kincses, Tivadar Kiss, Gábor Girst, László Papp, Judit Hohmann, Andrea Vasas","doi":"10.1007/s42977-025-00294-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42977-025-00294-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plants belonging to the family Cyperaceae are used in traditional medicine worldwide to treat various diseases. The present study focuses on the antibacterial, antioxidant, and xanthine-oxidase inhibitory screening of 41 Cyperaceae species from genera Carex, Cladium, and Schoenoplectus, occurring in the Carpathian Basin. This study evaluated 123 fractions with different polarities (n-hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate) of 41 extracts for their antibacterial, antioxidant (DPPH and ORAC assays), and xanthine oxidase (XO)-inhibitory activities. Mainly the ethyl acetate fractions of Carex elata, C. hartmaniorum, C. melanostachya, C. montana, C. morrowii, C. oshimensis, C. petriei, and C. siderosticta displayed high antibacterial activity (inhibition zones > 15 mm) against one or more bacterial strains. In the case of Schoenoplectus lacustris and Carex petriei, also the ethyl acetate fractions showed remarkable antioxidant effects. In contrast, several chloroform extracts possessed XO-inhibitory activity. For Carex siderosticta, C. sylvatica, and Cladium mariscus, the results of the DPPH tests correlated well with those of the ORAC tests; these sedges demonstrated high antioxidant activities in both assays. Based on the results, especially Carex buxbaumii, C. rostrata, C. muskingumensis, C. oshimensis, C. montana, C. siderosticta, C. sylvatica, and Cladium mariscus are considered worthy of activity-guided phytochemical investigations to identify the specific compounds responsible for the observed activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":8853,"journal":{"name":"Biologia futura","volume":" ","pages":"139-154"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145480569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-quality de novo genome assembly and functional genomic insights into Thermobifida alba DSM43795^T, a mesophilic actinobacterium isolated from garden soil.","authors":"Szabina Luzics, Erzsébet Baka, Margot Otto, Judit Kosztik, Helga Szalontai, Ildikó Bata-Vidács, István Nagy, Ákos Tóth, András Táncsics, Márton Pápai, István Nagy, Massimiliano Orsini, József Kukolya","doi":"10.1007/s42977-025-00283-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42977-025-00283-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thermobifida alba DSM43795^T, a mesophilic actinobacterium isolated from garden soil, plays a vital role in lignocellulose degradation and holds biotechnological and pharmaceutical potential. We present a high-quality, complete de novo genome assembly of T. alba DSM43795^T using combined PacBio long-read and Illumina short-read sequencing, resulting in a single circular chromosome of 4.9 Mbp with 72.1% GC content. Comparative genomics with the thermophilic relative T. fusca YX revealed 83.39% average nucleotide identity and extensive genome synteny alongside niche-specific differences. Functional annotation identified 4345 genes, including a rich complement of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) such as glycoside hydrolases (GHs), esterases, and polysaccharide lyases, supporting versatile plant biomass degradation. GH gene sets were largely conserved between the species in both gene number and distribution, but T. alba uniquely encodes a novel GH10 endo-xylanase near a characterised palindrome regulatory sequence, indicating species-specific regulation. We hypothesise that thermophilic adaptation in T. fusca requires more proteins for ribosome integrity and amino acid metabolism, with reduced emphasis on carbohydrate metabolism and defence compared to T. alba. Moreover, T. alba harbours a broader array of defence-related genes and mobile genetic elements, including integrases and transposases. Although lacking a complete CRISPR-Cas system, two CRISPR arrays were detected, suggesting alternative immune strategies. Virulence factor homologs shared by both species likely reflect environmental survival rather than pathogenicity. This genomic characterisation elucidates T. alba's metabolic versatility and ecological adaptations, laying the groundwork for its potential applications in biomass conversion, environmental biotechnology, and drug discovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":8853,"journal":{"name":"Biologia futura","volume":" ","pages":"541-558"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144940758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iron accumulation in leaf trichomes and stomata of tomato as an iron reservoir provided by iron-citric acid chelate under limey soil conditions.","authors":"Şerife Tozan Rüzgar, Fatmagül Gedik, Gökçe Aydöner Çoban, Servet Aras","doi":"10.1007/s42977-025-00289-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42977-025-00289-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Iron (Fe) is an important mineral needed for plant growth and development. Calcareous (limey) soils cause decline in Fe availability leading to chlorosis in leaves. The correction of Fe chlorosis can be succeeded by the application organic acids. In the present study, we chelated Fe-citrate complex solution, compared with Fe-EDDHA fertilizer, and evaluated the effects of the Fe-citrate chelates on tomato under limey soil condition. The study was conducted in a controlled greenhouse. \"Joker F1\" cultivar tomato seedlings were used as the material. The seedlings were planted in the 4-L pots filled with mild calcareous soil (pH = 8, CaCO₃ = 10%). All applications, including Fe-citric acid complex, were applied to the roots of the plants (rhizosphere region) as irrigation water, starting with the planting of seedlings and once a week for 2 months. End of the study, many morphological and histological responses were evaluated. Fe accumulation in leaf, trichomes, and stomata was assessed as a Fe pool. Both glandular and non-glandular trichomes were visualized by SEM and light microscopes. Fe was accumulated in trichomes and stomata in Fe-citrate chelates and Fe-EDDHA-applied plants. Leaf cortical cell expansion was significantly increased by iron-citric acid chelates. Fe-citric acid chelates and Fe-EDDHA treatments improved plant growth. The experiment demonstrates that Fe accumulation in trichomes and stomata plays an important role in Fe distribution to leaves as a reservoir under Fe deficiency conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8853,"journal":{"name":"Biologia futura","volume":" ","pages":"597-611"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145273672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A simultaneous hermaphrodite dwarf common carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio morpha hungaricus) from a natural thermal lake, Lake Hévíz, Hungary.","authors":"Katalin Kinga Lefler, Ádám Varga, András Specziár, József Horváth, András Tóth, Béla Urbányi, Edit Kaszab, Nguyễn Ngọc Quyến, Hajime Matsubara, Tamás Müller","doi":"10.1007/s42977-025-00282-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42977-025-00282-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The fauna of Lake Hévíz is unique due to its status as the world's only natural warm-water medicinal lake with a peat bed. A population of dwarf common carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio morpha hungaricus) forms an isolated, self-sustaining community in the lake, adapted to extreme thermal and chemical conditions. During continuous research conducted since 2007, we identified a hermaphroditic individual for the first-time following sampling during the winter period in 2024. Macroscopic examination revealed testicular tissue distinguishable from ovarian tissue. Histological analysis indicated that the small-bodied fish were in a pre-spawning phase, with gonads displaying traits of simultaneous hermaphroditism. In addition was capable of producing mature eggs and sperm concurrently. According to both literature and our experimental findings, this individual may have been capable of self-fertilization. Further investigation is required to ascertain whether specific or combined suboptimal environmental factors and/or endocrine-disrupting chemicals contributed to the emergence of hermaphroditism in this individual.</p>","PeriodicalId":8853,"journal":{"name":"Biologia futura","volume":" ","pages":"535-540"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144820378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 and dysregulated cholesterol levels in Type I and Type II diabetes: focus on the difference.","authors":"Ganna Stepanova, Sayam Ghosal","doi":"10.1007/s42977-025-00285-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42977-025-00285-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has had a profound global impact on individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). This review examines the interplay between COVID-19, cholesterol metabolism, and diabetes, focusing on the differences in lipid regulation between Type I (T1DM) and Type II diabetes (T2DM). Diabetes, characterized by impaired glucose regulation and lipid homeostasis, has been identified as a significant risk factor for severe COVID-19 outcomes, including increased rates of hospitalization, ICU admission, and mortality. Dysregulated cholesterol metabolism is often present in diabetic patients and exacerbates the severity of COVID-19. We explore the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 infection affects cholesterol pathways, highlighting the role of cholesterol-rich lipid rafts in viral entry and replication. The review also discusses the potential therapeutic implications of targeting cholesterol metabolism in managing COVID-19 in diabetic populations. Understanding these complex interactions may provide insights into better clinical management strategies and improve outcomes for COVID-19 patients with diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8853,"journal":{"name":"Biologia futura","volume":" ","pages":"497-505"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144820379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RNA interference (RNAi) for insect pest management: understanding mechanisms, strategies, challenges and future prospects.","authors":"Deepak Kumar Mahanta, J Komal, Tanmaya Kumar Bhoi, Ipsita Samal, Sangeeta Dash, Sumit Jangra","doi":"10.1007/s42977-025-00281-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42977-025-00281-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a promising strategy for controlling insect pests, offering precise and environmentally sustainable alternatives to traditional pest control methods. By introducing double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) that specifically targets essential genes involved in pest survival, RNAi disrupts gene expression in target organisms. Various delivery methods, including topical application, transgenic plants, and nanoparticles, have been developed to enhance the effective administration of dsRNA. However, RNAi faces several challenges, including off-target effects, species-specific variations in efficacy, and the potential for resistance development. Despite these obstacles, ongoing research is focused on addressing these issues and improving the efficiency of RNAi-based pest control approaches. Future prospects for RNAi in insect pest management include advancements in delivery technologies, the identification of novel target genes, and the integration of RNAi with complementary pest control strategies. In conclusion, RNAi represents a potential long-term and targeted solution for insect pest control. Continued research and technological advancements are driving its adoption and expanding its application in agriculture and forestry globally. This review provides an in-depth analysis of RNAi mechanisms, evaluates current strategies, highlights the challenges faced, and explores the future directions for its use in insect pest management.</p>","PeriodicalId":8853,"journal":{"name":"Biologia futura","volume":" ","pages":"465-477"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144881974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of metal ions on the economic parameters of mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae).","authors":"Azad Gull, Mysore Nagaraj Anil Kumar, Amit Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s42977-025-00280-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42977-025-00280-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Micronutrients contribute significantly to homeostasis at the cellular, physiological, and biological interface of silkworm growth and development. The silkworm cocoon traits are highly physiologically dependent, controlled by the optimum availability of micronutrient concentrations. Keeping this in view, two micronutrients, i.e., copper and iron, were investigated to understand their role in economic traits in popular bivoltine silkworm double-hybrid FC₁ × FC₂. The mulberry leaves were bio-fortified with copper and iron in the form of copper chloride and ferric chloride with concentrations of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.5%, respectively. Irrespective of the micronutrients, all the studied pre- and post-cocoon parameters tend to increase at lower concentrations and decline at higher concentrations. ANOVA revealed a significant gain in larval weight (~ 9.28% and ~ 8.42%), single cocoon weight (~ 5.38% and ~ 6.45%), and filament length (~ 8.37%) when the silkworms were fed with the mulberry leaves fortified with a low concentration (0.2%) of copper and iron. The improvement in reelability (~ 4.92%), renditta (~ 1.91% and ~ 1.04%), and denier (~ 11.99% and ~ 7.19%) was maximum at 0.2% of copper- and iron-augmented leaves compared to the control. It is envisaged that copper and iron chlorides compounds have incremental impact in silk production. Therefore, feed bio-fortification with appropriate concentrations of copper and iron is recommended to improve cocoon production in both quality and quantity, thereby enhancing the economic returns for sericulture farmers.</p>","PeriodicalId":8853,"journal":{"name":"Biologia futura","volume":" ","pages":"521-533"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144940745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of irisin levels in plasma, skeletal muscle, and brain tissues after voluntary or regular exercise in adolescent male rats exposed to chronic social isolation.","authors":"Ayca Arslankiran, Helin Demirtas, Burcu Acikgoz, Bahar Dalkiran, Amac Kiray, Ilkay Aksu, Muge Kiray, Ayfer Dayi","doi":"10.1007/s42977-025-00287-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42977-025-00287-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Irisin is a myokine secreted by various tissues in response to exercise and plays a role in neuroplasticity and energy metabolism. This study investigated the effects of voluntary and regular exercise on irisin levels in plasma, prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus, and skeletal muscle of socially isolated adolescent male rats. Forty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were used, groups: control (C), social isolation (SI), voluntary exercise (VE), regular exercise (RE), social isolation + voluntary exercise (SI-VE), social isolation + regular exercise (SI-RE). Rats underwent 4-week isolation and exercise protocols. Irisin levels in the hippocampus, PFC, plasma, and gastrocnemius were measured using ELISA. Hippocampal irisin levels were increased in SI-RE; prefrontal irisin levels were increased in RE; and gastrocnemius irisin levels were increased in SI-RE and SI-VE. No significant differences were observed in plasma irisin levels. The elevated hippocampal irisin levels observed in SI-RE may indicate that irisin plays a protective role in reducing the negative effects of social isolation-induced stress on learning and memory, potentially promoting neuroplasticity. The increase in prefrontal cortical irisin in RE suggests a possible role for irisin in mood regulation. The elevated irisin levels in the gastrocnemius in SI-VE, SI-RE support the idea that irisin is an important muscle-derived hormone regulated not only by physical activity but also by stress responses. Overall, this study suggests that irisin interacts with both the central nervous system and skeletal muscle tissues in the context of social isolation, stress, and exercise, and that regular physical exercise may play a role in reducing the negative neurobiological effects of chronic stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":8853,"journal":{"name":"Biologia futura","volume":" ","pages":"577-583"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145237893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}