Biologia futura最新文献

{"title":"An optimized in situ hybridization protocol to study early developmental patterns and signaling pathways in paradise fish (Macropodus opercularis).","authors":"Nóra Szabó, Erika Fodor, Kata Szabó, Virág Tarcsa, Zsolt Gyulai, Soma Jakab, Erika Gelei, Dávid Czimer, Ádám Miklósi, Máté Varga","doi":"10.1007/s42977-025-00290-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42977-025-00290-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Chinese paradise fish (Macropodus opercularis) is an obligate air-breathing species native to the hypoxic freshwater environments of Southeast Asia. While its ethological aspects have been extensively investigated since the 1970 s, the molecular biology of this species remains largely unexplored. Nevertheless, it offers significant potential for research in fields such as behavioral genetics, molecular evolution, and developmental biology. This study aims to optimize the in situ hybridization protocol, a widely used technique in developmental biology proven effective in zebrafish, and adapt it to paradise fish. We applied our optimized protocol to compare the expression of several conserved developmental genes, including chordin (chd), goosecoid (gsc), myogenic differentiation 1 (myod1), T box transcription factor Ta (tbxta), paired box 2a (pax2a), and retinal homebox gene 3 (rx3), in zebrafish and paradise fish embryos. Furthermore, we examined the role of key conserved signaling pathways during early development in both species using small molecular agonists and antagonists. Through these molecular analyses, we can gain deeper insights into the evolutionary conservation of early developmental programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":8853,"journal":{"name":"Biologia futura","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145318177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iron accumulation in leaf trichomes and stomata of tomato as an iron reservoir provided by iron-citric acid chelate under limey soil conditions.","authors":"Şerife Tozan Rüzgar, Fatmagül Gedik, Gökçe Aydöner Çoban, Servet Aras","doi":"10.1007/s42977-025-00289-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42977-025-00289-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Iron (Fe) is an important mineral needed for plant growth and development. Calcareous (limey) soils cause decline in Fe availability leading to chlorosis in leaves. The correction of Fe chlorosis can be succeeded by the application organic acids. In the present study, we chelated Fe-citrate complex solution, compared with Fe-EDDHA fertilizer, and evaluated the effects of the Fe-citrate chelates on tomato under limey soil condition. The study was conducted in a controlled greenhouse. \"Joker F1\" cultivar tomato seedlings were used as the material. The seedlings were planted in the 4-L pots filled with mild calcareous soil (pH = 8, CaCO₃ = 10%). All applications, including Fe-citric acid complex, were applied to the roots of the plants (rhizosphere region) as irrigation water, starting with the planting of seedlings and once a week for 2 months. End of the study, many morphological and histological responses were evaluated. Fe accumulation in leaf, trichomes, and stomata was assessed as a Fe pool. Both glandular and non-glandular trichomes were visualized by SEM and light microscopes. Fe was accumulated in trichomes and stomata in Fe-citrate chelates and Fe-EDDHA-applied plants. Leaf cortical cell expansion was significantly increased by iron-citric acid chelates. Fe-citric acid chelates and Fe-EDDHA treatments improved plant growth. The experiment demonstrates that Fe accumulation in trichomes and stomata plays an important role in Fe distribution to leaves as a reservoir under Fe deficiency conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8853,"journal":{"name":"Biologia futura","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145273672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating model-agnostic post-hoc methods in explainable artificial intelligence: augmenting species distribution models.","authors":"Don Enrico Buebos-Esteve, Nikki Heherson A Dagamac","doi":"10.1007/s42977-025-00288-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42977-025-00288-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Species distribution models (SDMs) remotely guide conservation programs for endangered species by estimating potential reserve areas based on a set of environmental features. Most SDM research only explains their predictions across the study area (global), effectively disregarding the predictions for specific sites (local) where conservation-related activities are confined. This study aims to address this spatial gap in explainability by applying model-agnostic post-hoc methods in explainable artificial intelligence for SDM at two scopes. These methods explain the importance, effects, and interactions of bioclimatic features on the SDM for Mindoro warty pigs (Sus oliveri), an emblematic yet endangered endemic fauna in Mindoro Island, Philippines. Areas with a high predicted probability of presence coincide with higher elevation, spanning the Mindoro Mountain Range. Global explainability methods-Permutation Feature Importance, Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP), and Accumulated Local Effect-reveal that annual precipitation mostly accounts for this island-wide trend, with more rain corresponding to higher probabilities. This is also observed using local explainability methods-SHAP, Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations, and Break Down-for the respective predictions on three potential conservation sites. The cumulative effect of bioclimatic features in these ~ 1 km² sites-within Mts. Iglit-Baco National Park, Upper Amnay Watershed, and Mt. Calavite Wildlife Sanctuary-is a decrease in the predicted probability of presence. This calls for improved local monitoring of Mindoro warty pig populations. While building upon our ongoing efforts for its conservation in Mindoro Island, this study also extends the pipeline for SDM using explainability methods, thereby opening a new axis for interpreting SDM predictions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8853,"journal":{"name":"Biologia futura","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145249524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of irisin levels in plasma, skeletal muscle, and brain tissues after voluntary or regular exercise in adolescent male rats exposed to chronic social isolation.","authors":"Ayca Arslankiran, Helin Demirtas, Burcu Acikgoz, Bahar Dalkiran, Amac Kiray, Ilkay Aksu, Muge Kiray, Ayfer Dayi","doi":"10.1007/s42977-025-00287-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42977-025-00287-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Irisin is a myokine secreted by various tissues in response to exercise and plays a role in neuroplasticity and energy metabolism. This study investigated the effects of voluntary and regular exercise on irisin levels in plasma, prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus, and skeletal muscle of socially isolated adolescent male rats. Forty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were used, groups: control (C), social isolation (SI), voluntary exercise (VE), regular exercise (RE), social isolation + voluntary exercise (SI-VE), social isolation + regular exercise (SI-RE). Rats underwent 4-week isolation and exercise protocols. Irisin levels in the hippocampus, PFC, plasma, and gastrocnemius were measured using ELISA. Hippocampal irisin levels were increased in SI-RE; prefrontal irisin levels were increased in RE; and gastrocnemius irisin levels were increased in SI-RE and SI-VE. No significant differences were observed in plasma irisin levels. The elevated hippocampal irisin levels observed in SI-RE may indicate that irisin plays a protective role in reducing the negative effects of social isolation-induced stress on learning and memory, potentially promoting neuroplasticity. The increase in prefrontal cortical irisin in RE suggests a possible role for irisin in mood regulation. The elevated irisin levels in the gastrocnemius in SI-VE, SI-RE support the idea that irisin is an important muscle-derived hormone regulated not only by physical activity but also by stress responses. Overall, this study suggests that irisin interacts with both the central nervous system and skeletal muscle tissues in the context of social isolation, stress, and exercise, and that regular physical exercise may play a role in reducing the negative neurobiological effects of chronic stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":8853,"journal":{"name":"Biologia futura","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145237893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of soil fertility and enzymatic activity by wastewater sludge compost and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in giant reed's rhizosphere.","authors":"Ambrus Rév, István Parádi, Anna Füzy, Péter Juhász, Katica Kocsis, Imre Cseresnyés, Tünde Takács","doi":"10.1007/s42977-025-00286-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42977-025-00286-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effect of low-dose, commercially available wastewater sludge compost (WSC; 15 t ha^-1) treatment was examined with or without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) inoculation on the nutritional status, heavy metal (HM) concentration and the rhizosphere activity of giant reed (Arundo donax L. var. BL clone (Blossom)) plants. Funneliformis mosseae (BEG12; AMF1), F. geosporum (BEG11; AMF2) or their combination (AMFmix) were applied as AMF treatments in a short-term pot experiment. The physiological and growth parameters of the host plants, the AMF root colonization and the microbiological enzyme activity of the mycorrhizosphere were examined. We assumed that the combined treatment (WSC + AMF) enhances the fertility of low-fertility acidic sandy soil. Neither the WSC treatment nor the AMF inoculations changed the extent of root colonization. Based on the results of root electrical capacitance and the phosphorous uptake, plant nutritional status was improved by WSC addition, without any negative impacts among the measured parameters. AMF treatments increased the enzyme activity in the soil and decreased the concentrations of the potentially toxic HMs (Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn) in roots, but that mitigation of Cu and Zn was compensated in shoots. According to the results of MicroResp™ measurements, the catabolic activity profile of the soil microbial community was changed in case of the AMF2 treatment. The efficient regulatory mechanism of giant reed might be able to adjust optimal/maximal colonization rate, and to select the preferential AMF partners, this supposed mechanism might be responsible for its invasiveness and tolerance to a wide range of environmental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8853,"journal":{"name":"Biologia futura","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145136386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular insights into ochratoxin A biodegradation.","authors":"Renáta Ábrahám, Erzsébet Baka, Mohammed Al-Nussairawi, András Táncsics, Milán Farkas, István Nagy, Balázs Kriszt, Mátyás Cserháti","doi":"10.1007/s42977-025-00258-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42977-025-00258-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most of the agricultural products can potentially be exposed to mycotoxins-especially to ochratoxin A (OTA)-, which may cause foodborne diseases such as renal toxicity and notable economic losses worldwide. Biological detoxification is the most promising method to control OTA contamination. To provide a comprehensive understanding, this review summarizes the biodegradation pathways of OTA and discusses microbes capable of degrading OTA and their detoxification strategies. A detailed analysis of potentially useful enzymes for food and feed detoxification will be reported, highlighting specific enzymatic strategies identified in scientific literature. A comparative analysis of the functional capabilities of different OTA hydrolases demonstrates significant variation in degradation efficiency, thus the optimization of these enzymes is essential for the development of effective detoxification strategies. This review underscores the potential of harnessing these microorganisms and their enzymes for mitigating the toxic effects of OTA in contaminated environment and examining the essential requirements that must be met for the successful application of OTA degrading enzyme technology for promoting public health and food safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":8853,"journal":{"name":"Biologia futura","volume":" ","pages":"315-328"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intracellular Ca²⁺ waves in mammalian cells.","authors":"Fruzsina Fazekas, Lilla Vasbányai, Eszter Berekméri","doi":"10.1007/s42977-025-00270-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42977-025-00270-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intracellular calcium waves refer to the coordinated propagation of increased free calcium ion (Ca²⁺) concentration in the cytoplasm. Ca²⁺ is one of the major intracellular second messengers which coordinates many cells function including gene transcription, division, and cell apoptosis. The spread of the ions in the cytoplasm is not the same in all cell types. Experiments indicate the strength of the stimuli, the site of the first Ca²⁺ entry and the localization of the organelles influence the Ca²⁺ propagation and may lead to functional compartmentalization. Polarized cells with complex anatomy already have anatomical subparts (like processes) which elevate the probability of the functional separation between the cell parts. Cells are stimulated at special parts where the receptors/channels are located. Ca²⁺ enters the cell via ligand or voltage gated calcium channels, connexin channels from the neighboring cells or with the activation of G-protein coupled receptors which activate Ca²⁺ release from the cytosolic Ca²⁺ stores. The emptying stores may activate store-operated Ca²⁺ channels, too. These local signals could globalize and elevate free Ca²⁺ concentration in the cells. Smaller, more compact cells form a uniformly activated cell, however, in polarized cells this cannot happen in each time, leads to spatiotemporally different subpart activation. In this review, we discuss the main mechanisms of the cells which involved in Ca²⁺ signaling and the possible methods how a single event (a Ca²⁺ spike) can form slow intracellular Ca²⁺ wave and globalized signal. Intracellular Ca²⁺ waves were found in multiple cell types starting with simple egg cells. Here, we bring examples to anatomically more complex polarized cells with processes, but without excitability: the radial glia, astrocytes, Müller glia and osteocytes as a cell does not connect strongly to sensory-neural structures.</p>","PeriodicalId":8853,"journal":{"name":"Biologia futura","volume":" ","pages":"293-313"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144526348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Easternmost distribution of Asian hornet (Vespa velutina nigrithorax, du Buysson 1905) in Slovakia: urgent need for advanced detection and interregional monitoring.","authors":"Balázs Kolics, Éva Kolics, Zoltán Ács, Helena Mališová Proková, Katarína Baldaufová Senková, Dušan Senko","doi":"10.1007/s42977-025-00262-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42977-025-00262-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The invasive Asian hornet (Vespa velutina nigrithorax) continues its spread across Europe, posing a significant threat to biodiversity, viticulture, and apiculture. This study reports the first molecular data of the invasive yellowlegged Asian hornet (Vespa velutina nigrithorax) in Slovakia, confirmed through molecular analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. Radio telemetry successfully located the nest within inaccessible private property, highlighting the technique's crucial role in early detection. This finding, along with the need for manual tracking techniques, public awareness campaigns, and regional monitoring programs, underscores the urgent need for proactive legal frameworks to facilitate the use of radio telemetry and ensure timely intervention to prevent further spread and mitigate the ecological and economic impacts of this invasive species in Slovakia and neighboring countries. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the importance of continued research and development of radio telemetry techniques, including improved signal range and integration with drone technology, to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of V. velutina detection and control.</p>","PeriodicalId":8853,"journal":{"name":"Biologia futura","volume":" ","pages":"413-417"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144493975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhizobacterial diversity exhibiting biotic stress tolerance in association with wheat-cotton crop rotation: Implications for plant-microbe interactions and agroecosystem resilience.","authors":"Seema Aslam, Muhammad Babar, Ghulam Shabir, Tahir Naqqash, Florian M W Grundler","doi":"10.1007/s42977-025-00269-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42977-025-00269-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biotic stress, particularly from fungal diseases, significantly impedes agricultural productivity worldwide. To meet the increasing demand for sustainable food production, environment-friendly and cost-effective solutions are needed. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) provide a sustainable alternative by enhancing plant health and acting as biocontrol agents. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity and biocontrol potential of biotic stress-tolerant rhizobacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of cotton and wheat plants infected with fungi in a cotton-wheat rotation area. A total of 136 rhizobacteria were isolated and screened for their in-vitro antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum. Among these, 108 isolates demonstrated antifungal activity against F. oxysporum. Additionally, various biocontrol-linked traits were assessed, including hydrogen cyanide (HCN) production, starch hydrolysis, exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, enzyme production (pectinase, protease, gelatinase, catalase) and biofilm formation. The results showed that 88 isolates exhibited pectinase activity, 105 showed biofilm formation and EPS production, 20 demonstrated protease production, 93 showed starch hydrolysis activity. Only three isolates produced hydrogen cyanide. Gelatinase activity was observed in 124 isolates, while catalase activity was detected in 87 isolates. Genetic diversity analysis of the tolerant rhizobacteria was performed using REP, ERIC, and (GTG)₅-PCR fingerprinting. The dendrogram constructed from (GTG)₅ and REP-PCR fingerprint profiles indicated greater diversity. Moreover, all three PCR-primers effectively differentiated the cotton rhizosphere isolates from those obtained from the wheat rhizosphere, indicating a distinct resident bacterial community despite the cotton-wheat rotation. These findings suggest the presence of diverse, biotic stress-tolerant rhizobacteria in the cotton-wheat rotation area, which could be utilized as potential biocontrol agents against fungal plant diseases. However, further research is required to explore the pathways underlying their antifungal potential and to develop sustainable and efficient bio-formulations for field applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8853,"journal":{"name":"Biologia futura","volume":" ","pages":"451-464"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144526373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting growth parameters of biofertilizer inoculated pepper, using root capacitance assessments and artificial neural networks in two soils.","authors":"Flórián Kovács, Peter Sarcevic, Ákos Odry, Borbála Biró, Ingrid Gyalai, Enikő Papdi, Katalin Juhos","doi":"10.1007/s42977-025-00260-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42977-025-00260-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monitoring the root system plays an important role in understanding plant physiological processes; however, its assessment using non-destructive methods remains challenging. Here, we evaluate the utility of root capacitance (C_R) as a practical indicator of root function and its relationship to plant growth parameters in Capsicum annuum L. To improve the accuracy of root function assessment, we applied artificial neural networks (ANN) as a novel data evaluation approach, comparing its predictive performance against multiple linear regression (MLR). Across two soil types (sandy and sandy loam), we applied multiple treatments ranging from microbial inoculants to wool pellet and inorganic nitrogen sources primarily to test whether C_R could detect differences in root activity and biomass production under different conditions. We measured root dry biomass, shoot dry biomass, and leaf N content, treating these variables as independent predictors in a statistical framework. Multiple linear regression (MLR) initially showed strong relationship between C_R and both root and shoot biomass in sandy soil, and between C_R and total plant N content in sandy loam. However, an ANN model consistently outperformed MLR in predicting C_R from plant physiological parameters, as evidenced by lower mean absolute error (MAE) in all treatments. These findings confirm that C_R correlates strongly with plant growth parameters and can reliably distinguish the effects of different soil amendments even those with markedly different nutrient-release profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":8853,"journal":{"name":"Biologia futura","volume":" ","pages":"383-397"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143961018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}