Biologia futura最新文献

{"title":"From kin to canines: understanding modern dog keeping from both biological and cultural evolutionary perspectives.","authors":"Eniko Kubinyi, Borbála Turcsán","doi":"10.1007/s42977-025-00264-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42977-025-00264-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review examines modern companion dog keeping from both biological and cultural evolutionary perspectives. Dog keeping is explored as a trait that has evolved from being adaptive, contributing to the survival and prosperity of human populations, to possibly being neutral or even maladaptive in modern contexts on the population level. Currently, many people in Western cultures regard dogs as family members or \"fur babies\", even though investing money, time, and emotional commitment in them does not directly increase biological fitness. This new kinship can be better understood through a cultural evolution framework, which is compared to the biological (Fisherian) runaway model to understand how human behaviours can evolve beyond their original utility. For future studies, the review proposes exploring whether and how well dogs can be substitutes for human relationships, their impact on human fertility and social networks, who benefits from dog keeping, and for whom keeping a dog is unnecessary or harmful.</p>","PeriodicalId":8853,"journal":{"name":"Biologia futura","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144332409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen supplying capability of wool pellets as an alternative fertilizer depending on soil biological activity.","authors":"Flórián Kovács, Enikő Papdi, Ingrid Gyalai, Borbála Biró, Katalin Juhos","doi":"10.1007/s42977-025-00266-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42977-025-00266-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pellets made from waste wool, typically sourced from sheep shearing residues generated by the textile or wool industry, have recently emerged as a promising alternative for plant nutrition. However, limited information is available on the impact of wool pellets (WP), applied at a dosage of 4 g per pot, on soil functioning, biological activity, plant physiology, and nutrient supply. A pot experiment was set up in a randomized block design with four replicates on sweet peppers (Capsicum annuum L.). The effect of WP on permanganate-oxidizable carbon, fluorescein diacetate, and β-glucosidase enzyme activities were investigated in two soils differing in their soil organic matter (SOM) contents (low and high) and compared to the control and a reference N fertilizer solution. The nitrate and total nitrogen content of plants, the photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange intensity, shoot and root biomass, pepper fruit, and photosynthetic rate per total N-uptake were also examined. WP treatments (4 g per pot) increased soil biological activity in both soil types (with 0.58% and 1.84% soil organic matter, respectively) and significantly improved plant physiological parameters and N-use efficiency compared to the control and reference N fertilizer addition. Although the total N content in wool pellets was higher than in the mineral reference N-solution, this reference treatment served as a baseline dose allowing comparison with the N-supply intensity of the WP. WP significantly increased shoot biomass in both soil types, with a more pronounced effect in the low SOM soil due to faster mineralization and higher air capacity. In contrast, higher fruit was achieved in the high SOM soil. WP treatment increased N-uptake to 2.18 and 2.34 mg/week in low and high SOM, respectively. The research findings highlight wool pellets as a powerful alternative to inorganic fertilizers, offering a sustainable nutrient supply. Moreover, utilizing wool a by-product often considered waste as an organic fertilizer contributes to solving both economic and environmental challenges associated with wool disposal.</p>","PeriodicalId":8853,"journal":{"name":"Biologia futura","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144315853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low genetic differentiation and symmetric migration between urban and forest populations of great tits.","authors":"Bendegúz Mihalik, Nóra Ágh, Ivett Pipoly, Edina Nemesházi, Krisztián Szabó, Gábor Seress, András Liker","doi":"10.1007/s42977-025-00259-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42977-025-00259-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gene flow may be limited between urban and non-urban populations of wild animals that can influence their landscape-level genetic structure and potential to adapt to new ecological conditions. To test this idea, we genetically characterized great tit (Parus major) populations breeding in an urban and a forest area 3.5 km apart, differing in several phenotypic traits some of which may contribute to adaptation to urban living. We used 16 microsatellite markers to genotype 189 breeding adult individuals (119 urban and 70 forest birds) and (1) tested whether the two populations are genetically differentiated, and (2) estimated the rate and direction of migration between the sites. Heterozygosity tended to be lower in the urban than in the forest habitat. Genetic population structure analyses did not show a consistent clustering of breeding birds between the urban and forest sites, and this conclusion was not affected by the inclusion of phenotypic data in the analyses. The pairwise fixation index (F_st) was low (0.009) and only 1% of the total genetic variance was explained by variation between populations. Finally, there was detectable gene flow between the two areas, and its estimated values did not suggest asymmetry in the direction of migration. We conclude that great tits living in the city are genetically connected to the nearby forest population by reciprocal migration, which may explain the low level of genetic differentiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8853,"journal":{"name":"Biologia futura","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144315852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toad's survivability and soil microbiome alterations impacted via individual abundance.","authors":"Tian Zhang, Yang Liu, Junde Li, Mingjun Yuan, Chunhan Qiao, Xiao Huang, Xueyao Yang, Bo Gao, Chuan Lou, Yan Yang, Yu Cao","doi":"10.1007/s42977-025-00261-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42977-025-00261-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial breeding is a valid strategy for the reverse of current extinction tendency in wild population of amphibian like toads. Considering public health, an alternative to antibiotics is demanded for ameliorating survival of toads during the culture period. Relying on the cognition of probiotics or antagonistic bacteria, the present work investigated viability and soil microorganism variations induced by distribution characteristic on toads using high-throughput sequencing technology. Comparison and analysis of soil metagenome from clustered and depopulated groups distinguished by toad behavior showed differences of bacterial community composition (e.g., Proteobacteria bacterium TMED72 and Nannocystis exedens) and antibiotic resistance genes involving antibiotic efflux and inactivation (e.g., mdtB and acrF). There were 18 and 10 distribution-typical genes independently enriched in Proteobacteria bacterium TMED72 and bacterium TMED88 of clustered group and Nannocystis exedens of depopulated group. In Nannocystis exedens, one of the distribution-typical genes was annotated as 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase acting role on bacterial growth restriction. It implied that, compared with the group emerging rare traces, the reduction of soil bacteria which possess genes retarding bacterial growth putatively impairs competitiveness to pathogenic bacteria and results in poor survivability of toads under clustering behavior. With the co-occurrence of virulence genes, more evidences are needed on the antagonistic bacteria Nannocystis exedens as antibiotic substitute.</p>","PeriodicalId":8853,"journal":{"name":"Biologia futura","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144233051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does a \"robot dog\" need legs, ears, and tail? A comparative analysis of intention- and emotion-attribution to Miro-E and Unitree Go1.","authors":"Gabriella Lakatos, Patrick Holthaus, Pranjal Sharma, Vignesh Velmurugan, Theodora Hamilton-Holbrook, Lewis Riches, Sílvia Moros, Luke Wood","doi":"10.1007/s42977-025-00263-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42977-025-00263-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study reported in this paper analysed the effectiveness and acceptability of ethologically inspired expressive behaviours implemented in two distinctively different embodiments of the zoomorphic robots Miro-E and Unitree Go1. It investigated how primary school children attribute intentions and emotions to the two robots, examining the importance of certain body parts in human-robot interactions to convey affective states and express intentions (e.g. ears, tail, and legs). A total of 111 students aged 7-10 years participated in the study in a within-subject design, observing an interaction between each robot and an Experimenter in small groups. Every child observed both robots interacting with an Experimenter in the same scenario following an AB-BA order. After each interaction, a questionnaire was presented to each student individually. Effects of (a) robot embodiment, (b) dog-ownership, and (c) students' age on their perception of the robots, focusing on differences between the two robots' emotionally and intentionally expressive behaviour, were analysed. Results identified significant effects of each independent variable. While the Miro-E robot was identified as expressing emotions better-underlying the importance of affective features such as ears, and a tail-there was no significant difference in children's intention-attribution to the two robots, and Unitree Go1 was selected as the preferred one over Miro-E. Despite the differences both Miro-E and Unitree Go1 reliably conveyed the intended emotions and intentions, providing further evidence for the applicability of the ethorobotics approach. Findings implied that the incorporation of zoomorphic embodiment features to express social signals could expand potential applications of these robots.</p>","PeriodicalId":8853,"journal":{"name":"Biologia futura","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144214804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular insights into ochratoxin A biodegradation.","authors":"Renáta Ábrahám, Erzsébet Baka, Mohammed Al-Nussairawi, András Táncsics, Milán Farkas, István Nagy, Balázs Kriszt, Mátyás Cserháti","doi":"10.1007/s42977-025-00258-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42977-025-00258-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most of the agricultural products can potentially be exposed to mycotoxins-especially to ochratoxin A (OTA)-, which may cause foodborne diseases such as renal toxicity and notable economic losses worldwide. Biological detoxification is the most promising method to control OTA contamination. To provide a comprehensive understanding, this review summarizes the biodegradation pathways of OTA and discusses microbes capable of degrading OTA and their detoxification strategies. A detailed analysis of potentially useful enzymes for food and feed detoxification will be reported, highlighting specific enzymatic strategies identified in scientific literature. A comparative analysis of the functional capabilities of different OTA hydrolases demonstrates significant variation in degradation efficiency, thus the optimization of these enzymes is essential for the development of effective detoxification strategies. This review underscores the potential of harnessing these microorganisms and their enzymes for mitigating the toxic effects of OTA in contaminated environment and examining the essential requirements that must be met for the successful application of OTA degrading enzyme technology for promoting public health and food safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":8853,"journal":{"name":"Biologia futura","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting growth parameters of biofertilizer inoculated pepper, using root capacitance assessments and artificial neural networks in two soils.","authors":"Flórián Kovács, Peter Sarcevic, Ákos Odry, Borbála Biró, Ingrid Gyalai, Enikő Papdi, Katalin Juhos","doi":"10.1007/s42977-025-00260-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42977-025-00260-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monitoring the root system plays an important role in understanding plant physiological processes; however, its assessment using non-destructive methods remains challenging. Here, we evaluate the utility of root capacitance (C_R) as a practical indicator of root function and its relationship to plant growth parameters in Capsicum annuum L. To improve the accuracy of root function assessment, we applied artificial neural networks (ANN) as a novel data evaluation approach, comparing its predictive performance against multiple linear regression (MLR). Across two soil types (sandy and sandy loam), we applied multiple treatments ranging from microbial inoculants to wool pellet and inorganic nitrogen sources primarily to test whether C_R could detect differences in root activity and biomass production under different conditions. We measured root dry biomass, shoot dry biomass, and leaf N content, treating these variables as independent predictors in a statistical framework. Multiple linear regression (MLR) initially showed strong relationship between C_R and both root and shoot biomass in sandy soil, and between C_R and total plant N content in sandy loam. However, an ANN model consistently outperformed MLR in predicting C_R from plant physiological parameters, as evidenced by lower mean absolute error (MAE) in all treatments. These findings confirm that C_R correlates strongly with plant growth parameters and can reliably distinguish the effects of different soil amendments even those with markedly different nutrient-release profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":8853,"journal":{"name":"Biologia futura","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143961018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of in vivo chlorobenzene exposure on bone tissue in a rat model.","authors":"Krisztián Sepp, Péter Hausinger, Béla Hegedűs, Péter Sándor Kiss, Edina Cseszkó, Miklós Mózes, Marianna Radács, Zsuzsanna Valkusz, Márta Gálfi, Zsolt Molnár","doi":"10.1007/s42977-025-00256-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42977-025-00256-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Calcipaenic bone disorders (e.g., osteoporosis) are becoming an epidemic as a significant public health concern. The underlying genetic, epigenetic, and homeostatic factors and the determinants of bone tissue expression are triggered by environmental exposures. Endocrine disruptor compounds are important in the development of pathological bone alterations. The aim of this study is to design an in vivo subtoxic chlorobenzene exposure model that can be used to explore certain bone changes and their consequences. Male Wistar rats were treated via gastric tube with a 1:1 mixture of hexachlorobenzene + 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene at a dose of 1.0 μg/kg bw; in a final volume of 1 mL, for 30, 60 and 90 days. Blood serum and bone samples were obtained from the femur diaphysis. The results of the treatments (n = 10/group) were interpreted as related to the controls. Serum levels of γGT, SGOT, SGPT were determined, along with bone tissue morphology, as well as the total mineral content of the bone and the mobilizable anorganic content. ANOVA was used to analyze the measurement data. As a result of the treatment protocol, histological examinations of bone morphology showed osteoid degeneration, as well as an altered state of the bone matrix. These findings are supported by the DEXA images, which showed a time-dependent decrease in surface mineral content, in parallel, an increase in the mobilizable anorganic content of the bone was detected. These results suggest that chlorobenzene administered may be a causal factor and changes in bone tissue structure can be traced.</p>","PeriodicalId":8853,"journal":{"name":"Biologia futura","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143975543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The importance of understanding the ethology and ecology of the zebrafish, and of other fish species, in experimental research.","authors":"Robert Gerlai","doi":"10.1007/s42977-025-00257-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42977-025-00257-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This short review appears in a special issue assembled to celebrate the 90th birthday of a Hungarian ethologist, Professor Vilmos Csányi. As such, it includes some autobiographical details specific to that scientist and the author of this review. However, these details also serve an important general message. They exemplify how science, i.e., specifically the use of fish in the analysis of behaviour and brain function progressed from the mid-1970s to the current day. They illuminate how scientists choose their study species, and how this choice influences the research questions one may be able to pose. The review discusses why the zebrafish has become a popular research subject of biology, including behavioural neuroscience. It argues that behavioural analysis should be an integral part of research into the analysis of brain function. It considers the dichotomy between the historical effect of North American behaviourism vs. the legacy of European Nobel laureate ethologists. It demonstrates, through a theoretical example, why merging these two \"schools\" of thoughts is the appropriate way to conduct behavioural research. It provides a few examples for how combining knowledge of ethology and ecology of the species with systematic laboratory studies may be beneficial. And it presents a brief outlook for the future of fish in biology research.</p>","PeriodicalId":8853,"journal":{"name":"Biologia futura","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143969089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil bacterial community could be affected by Amaranthus retroflexus L.","authors":"Yue Li, Chuang Li, Zhongyi Xu, Yingsheng Liu, Shanshan Zhong, Zhelun Xu, Jun Liu, Congyan Wang, Daolin Du","doi":"10.1007/s42977-025-00254-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42977-025-00254-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Invasive plants can disrupt the growth performance of native plants by releasing allelochemicals affecting on litter decomposition. Furthermore, these invaders can establish a plant-soil feedback loop with soil microorganisms, which promotes their continued successful invasion primarily through decomposition process. Consequently, it is of the utmost importance to conduct research that analyzes the impacts of invasive plants' allelopathy on their interaction with soil microorganisms. This study aims to investigate the effects of Amaranthus retroflexus L., an invasive Amaranthaceae plant's allelopathy, on its interaction with soil bacterial communities, compared to the native plant A. tricolor L., and also the impacts of the allelopathy of Amaranthus retroflexus on soil enzyme activities. The research was conducted via an indoor planting experiment in which a gradient of Amaranthus retroflexus leaf litter was added. In particular, Amaranthus retroflexus leaf litter resulted in an increase in pH, electrical conductivity, total nitrogen, and neutral protease activity in soil under certain treatments. The amount of Amaranthus retroflexus leaf litter and the form of incubation condition may be the primary determinants of the composition of bacterial communities in soil and the number of functional gene pathways of soil bacteria involved in the decomposition process (especially the decomposition of carbon-containing substances), rather than the alpha diversity of soil bacteria. Consequently, Amaranthus retroflexus may predominantly modify the composition of bacterial communities in soil and the number of functional gene pathways of soil bacteria involved in the decomposition process, rather than the alpha diversity of soil bacteria, to facilitate its subsequent invasion.</p>","PeriodicalId":8853,"journal":{"name":"Biologia futura","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143965184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}