Biologia futura最新文献

{"title":"Nitrogen supplying capability of wool pellets as an alternative fertilizer depending on soil biological activity.","authors":"Flórián Kovács, Enikő Papdi, Ingrid Gyalai, Borbála Biró, Katalin Juhos","doi":"10.1007/s42977-025-00266-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42977-025-00266-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pellets made from waste wool, typically sourced from sheep shearing residues generated by the textile or wool industry, have recently emerged as a promising alternative for plant nutrition. However, limited information is available on the impact of wool pellets (WP), applied at a dosage of 4 g per pot, on soil functioning, biological activity, plant physiology, and nutrient supply. A pot experiment was set up in a randomized block design with four replicates on sweet peppers (Capsicum annuum L.). The effect of WP on permanganate-oxidizable carbon, fluorescein diacetate, and β-glucosidase enzyme activities were investigated in two soils differing in their soil organic matter (SOM) contents (low and high) and compared to the control and a reference N fertilizer solution. The nitrate and total nitrogen content of plants, the photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange intensity, shoot and root biomass, pepper fruit, and photosynthetic rate per total N-uptake were also examined. WP treatments (4 g per pot) increased soil biological activity in both soil types (with 0.58% and 1.84% soil organic matter, respectively) and significantly improved plant physiological parameters and N-use efficiency compared to the control and reference N fertilizer addition. Although the total N content in wool pellets was higher than in the mineral reference N-solution, this reference treatment served as a baseline dose allowing comparison with the N-supply intensity of the WP. WP significantly increased shoot biomass in both soil types, with a more pronounced effect in the low SOM soil due to faster mineralization and higher air capacity. In contrast, higher fruit was achieved in the high SOM soil. WP treatment increased N-uptake to 2.18 and 2.34 mg/week in low and high SOM, respectively. The research findings highlight wool pellets as a powerful alternative to inorganic fertilizers, offering a sustainable nutrient supply. Moreover, utilizing wool a by-product often considered waste as an organic fertilizer contributes to solving both economic and environmental challenges associated with wool disposal.</p>","PeriodicalId":8853,"journal":{"name":"Biologia futura","volume":" ","pages":"419-435"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144315853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of in vivo chlorobenzene exposure on bone tissue in a rat model.","authors":"Krisztián Sepp, Péter Hausinger, Béla Hegedűs, Péter Sándor Kiss, Edina Cseszkó, Miklós Mózes, Marianna Radács, Zsuzsanna Valkusz, Márta Gálfi, Zsolt Molnár","doi":"10.1007/s42977-025-00256-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42977-025-00256-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Calcipaenic bone disorders (e.g., osteoporosis) are becoming an epidemic as a significant public health concern. The underlying genetic, epigenetic, and homeostatic factors and the determinants of bone tissue expression are triggered by environmental exposures. Endocrine disruptor compounds are important in the development of pathological bone alterations. The aim of this study is to design an in vivo subtoxic chlorobenzene exposure model that can be used to explore certain bone changes and their consequences. Male Wistar rats were treated via gastric tube with a 1:1 mixture of hexachlorobenzene + 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene at a dose of 1.0 μg/kg bw; in a final volume of 1 mL, for 30, 60 and 90 days. Blood serum and bone samples were obtained from the femur diaphysis. The results of the treatments (n = 10/group) were interpreted as related to the controls. Serum levels of γGT, SGOT, SGPT were determined, along with bone tissue morphology, as well as the total mineral content of the bone and the mobilizable anorganic content. ANOVA was used to analyze the measurement data. As a result of the treatment protocol, histological examinations of bone morphology showed osteoid degeneration, as well as an altered state of the bone matrix. These findings are supported by the DEXA images, which showed a time-dependent decrease in surface mineral content, in parallel, an increase in the mobilizable anorganic content of the bone was detected. These results suggest that chlorobenzene administered may be a causal factor and changes in bone tissue structure can be traced.</p>","PeriodicalId":8853,"journal":{"name":"Biologia futura","volume":" ","pages":"359-370"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143975543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toad's survivability and soil microbiome alterations impacted via individual abundance.","authors":"Tian Zhang, Yang Liu, Junde Li, Mingjun Yuan, Chunhan Qiao, Xiao Huang, Xueyao Yang, Bo Gao, Chuan Lou, Yan Yang, Yu Cao","doi":"10.1007/s42977-025-00261-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42977-025-00261-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial breeding is a valid strategy for the reverse of current extinction tendency in wild population of amphibian like toads. Considering public health, an alternative to antibiotics is demanded for ameliorating survival of toads during the culture period. Relying on the cognition of probiotics or antagonistic bacteria, the present work investigated viability and soil microorganism variations induced by distribution characteristic on toads using high-throughput sequencing technology. Comparison and analysis of soil metagenome from clustered and depopulated groups distinguished by toad behavior showed differences of bacterial community composition (e.g., Proteobacteria bacterium TMED72 and Nannocystis exedens) and antibiotic resistance genes involving antibiotic efflux and inactivation (e.g., mdtB and acrF). There were 18 and 10 distribution-typical genes independently enriched in Proteobacteria bacterium TMED72 and bacterium TMED88 of clustered group and Nannocystis exedens of depopulated group. In Nannocystis exedens, one of the distribution-typical genes was annotated as 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase acting role on bacterial growth restriction. It implied that, compared with the group emerging rare traces, the reduction of soil bacteria which possess genes retarding bacterial growth putatively impairs competitiveness to pathogenic bacteria and results in poor survivability of toads under clustering behavior. With the co-occurrence of virulence genes, more evidences are needed on the antagonistic bacteria Nannocystis exedens as antibiotic substitute.</p>","PeriodicalId":8853,"journal":{"name":"Biologia futura","volume":" ","pages":"399-411"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144233051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low genetic differentiation and symmetric migration between urban and forest populations of great tits.","authors":"Bendegúz Mihalik, Nóra Ágh, Ivett Pipoly, Edina Nemesházi, Krisztián Szabó, Gábor Seress, András Liker","doi":"10.1007/s42977-025-00259-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42977-025-00259-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gene flow may be limited between urban and non-urban populations of wild animals that can influence their landscape-level genetic structure and potential to adapt to new ecological conditions. To test this idea, we genetically characterized great tit (Parus major) populations breeding in an urban and a forest area 3.5 km apart, differing in several phenotypic traits some of which may contribute to adaptation to urban living. We used 16 microsatellite markers to genotype 189 breeding adult individuals (119 urban and 70 forest birds) and (1) tested whether the two populations are genetically differentiated, and (2) estimated the rate and direction of migration between the sites. Heterozygosity tended to be lower in the urban than in the forest habitat. Genetic population structure analyses did not show a consistent clustering of breeding birds between the urban and forest sites, and this conclusion was not affected by the inclusion of phenotypic data in the analyses. The pairwise fixation index (F_st) was low (0.009) and only 1% of the total genetic variance was explained by variation between populations. Finally, there was detectable gene flow between the two areas, and its estimated values did not suggest asymmetry in the direction of migration. We conclude that great tits living in the city are genetically connected to the nearby forest population by reciprocal migration, which may explain the low level of genetic differentiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8853,"journal":{"name":"Biologia futura","volume":" ","pages":"371-381"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144315852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A BEE indicator for monitoring wild bee diversity in agricultural systems.","authors":"Marco d'Agostino, Emanuele Luigi Zenga, Manuela Giovanetti, Fortunato Fulvio Bitonto, Marta Galloni, Marino Quaranta, Laura Bortolotti","doi":"10.1007/s42977-025-00268-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42977-025-00268-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Given the growing importance of assessing the condition of wild bees in agroecosystems, we focused on developing a BEE indicator that could be easily used by non-expert taxonomists to score bee diversity. Our goal was to create a tool suitable for farm-level use, one that does not require taxonomic expertise nor heavy field work. Since existing literature has emphasized the significance of environmental features surrounding any investigated site, we incorporated this aspect into our design. We began by identifying a user-friendly field tool to differentiate among bee morphogenera, then proceeded by developing a process for data analyses and interpretation. A protocol is also shared. Further on, we run a case-study testing this tool at 13 sites in three countries, differentiating farms based on farming practices (conventional or organic, as proxy of opposite conditions). The results confirmed that (a) a diagnostic table based on morphological similarities is a practical field tool that, in almost all cases, allows for accurate classification of a bee individual into a specific group (morphogenus); (b) the process of analysis, based on number of morphogenera and landscape composition reflects variability among bees and across sites; (c) evaluating environmental features is essential for placing the results of bee variability into the appropriate context.</p>","PeriodicalId":8853,"journal":{"name":"Biologia futura","volume":" ","pages":"437-449"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144504791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Essential oils of Citrus limon, Cymbopogon citratus, and Lavandula officinalis disrupt E. coli biofilms by inducing cellular damage.","authors":"Aalia Khanem, Naheed Karim, Ikram Ullah, Farhan Younas","doi":"10.1007/s42977-025-00255-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42977-025-00255-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biofilms by E. coli is not only the primary cause of recurrent urinary tract infections, but also lead to medical device-associated infections. Ever increasing antibiotic resistance due to biofilms has sparked a search for plant-based replacements. This study examines anti-biofilm potential of essential oils from lemon (Citrus limon), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), and lavender (Lavandula officinalis) against 26 clinical isolates of E. coli. Essential oils (EOs) were extracted by using hydro-distillation and characterized by GC-MS and FT-IR. Biofilms were quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated. The extracted essential oils had yields ranging from 1.37 to 1.45 (w/v). The main constituents were limonene (94%) in lemon, citral (42%) and ketones (9%) in lemongrass, and linalool (35%) and linalyl anthranilate (20%) in lavender EO. MICs and MBCs of EOs were in the range of 3.13-50 µg/ml. The oils under investigation exhibited notable biofilm inhibition and eradication properties. The percent inhibition and eradication varied between 6-89% and 3-82.25% (p < 0.0001), respectively. These findings suggest that essential oils from lemon, lemongrass, and lavender may offer a promising natural approach to combat E. coli biofilms and associated infections. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of action and to explore their clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8853,"journal":{"name":"Biologia futura","volume":" ","pages":"343-358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143969653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil bacterial community could be affected by Amaranthus retroflexus L.","authors":"Yue Li, Chuang Li, Zhongyi Xu, Yingsheng Liu, Shanshan Zhong, Zhelun Xu, Jun Liu, Congyan Wang, Daolin Du","doi":"10.1007/s42977-025-00254-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42977-025-00254-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Invasive plants can disrupt the growth performance of native plants by releasing allelochemicals affecting on litter decomposition. Furthermore, these invaders can establish a plant-soil feedback loop with soil microorganisms, which promotes their continued successful invasion primarily through decomposition process. Consequently, it is of the utmost importance to conduct research that analyzes the impacts of invasive plants' allelopathy on their interaction with soil microorganisms. This study aims to investigate the effects of Amaranthus retroflexus L., an invasive Amaranthaceae plant's allelopathy, on its interaction with soil bacterial communities, compared to the native plant A. tricolor L., and also the impacts of the allelopathy of Amaranthus retroflexus on soil enzyme activities. The research was conducted via an indoor planting experiment in which a gradient of Amaranthus retroflexus leaf litter was added. In particular, Amaranthus retroflexus leaf litter resulted in an increase in pH, electrical conductivity, total nitrogen, and neutral protease activity in soil under certain treatments. The amount of Amaranthus retroflexus leaf litter and the form of incubation condition may be the primary determinants of the composition of bacterial communities in soil and the number of functional gene pathways of soil bacteria involved in the decomposition process (especially the decomposition of carbon-containing substances), rather than the alpha diversity of soil bacteria. Consequently, Amaranthus retroflexus may predominantly modify the composition of bacterial communities in soil and the number of functional gene pathways of soil bacteria involved in the decomposition process, rather than the alpha diversity of soil bacteria, to facilitate its subsequent invasion.</p>","PeriodicalId":8853,"journal":{"name":"Biologia futura","volume":" ","pages":"329-341"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143965184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the standard: a comprehensive review of innovative experimental models using Tenebrio molitor larvae.","authors":"Anamaria Mendonça Santos, Cláudio Carvalho Santana Júnior, José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Júnior, Ana Maria Santos Oliveira, Gomathi Rajkumar, Izabel Almeida Alves, Mairim Russo Serafini","doi":"10.1007/s42977-025-00284-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42977-025-00284-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insects are considered as an alternative in vivo model for evaluating various biological activities. Among them, larvae stand out as experimental model due to the low economic value during maintenance, in addition to the low demand and easy handling. Tenebrio molitor larvae are receiving attention as alternative methods in determination of efficacy studies. Therefore, the present study aimed to review experimental models that use T. molitor larvae as alternatives in defining the biological activities, safety, and effectiveness of new drugs. The current review was conducted using online journal databases: PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase without geographical, publication date, or filtering restrictions. The search obtained a total of 5781 documents which were evaluated according to the focus of the review, reaching 14 articles. Thus, the systematic search strategy was developed to encompass all published papers that explore the use of larvae in experimental studies, particularly those investigating the biological activity and/or characterization of drugs/compounds. The selected articles were classified according to the methodologies used, such as toxicity, antimicrobial, and other types of assessments. Despite the results, there is still a lack of studies that use this model as a source for evaluating drugs and possible therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8853,"journal":{"name":"Biologia futura","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144940724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-quality de novo genome assembly and functional genomic insights into Thermobifida alba DSM43795^T, a mesophilic actinobacterium isolated from garden soil.","authors":"Szabina Luzics, Erzsébet Baka, Margot Otto, Judit Kosztik, Helga Szalontai, Ildikó Bata-Vidács, István Nagy, Ákos Tóth, András Táncsics, Márton Pápai, István Nagy, Massimiliano Orsini, József Kukolya","doi":"10.1007/s42977-025-00283-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42977-025-00283-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thermobifida alba DSM43795^T, a mesophilic actinobacterium isolated from garden soil, plays a vital role in lignocellulose degradation and holds biotechnological and pharmaceutical potential. We present a high-quality, complete de novo genome assembly of T. alba DSM43795^T using combined PacBio long-read and Illumina short-read sequencing, resulting in a single circular chromosome of 4.9 Mbp with 72.1% GC content. Comparative genomics with the thermophilic relative T. fusca YX revealed 83.39% average nucleotide identity and extensive genome synteny alongside niche-specific differences. Functional annotation identified 4345 genes, including a rich complement of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) such as glycoside hydrolases (GHs), esterases, and polysaccharide lyases, supporting versatile plant biomass degradation. GH gene sets were largely conserved between the species in both gene number and distribution, but T. alba uniquely encodes a novel GH10 endo-xylanase near a characterised palindrome regulatory sequence, indicating species-specific regulation. We hypothesise that thermophilic adaptation in T. fusca requires more proteins for ribosome integrity and amino acid metabolism, with reduced emphasis on carbohydrate metabolism and defence compared to T. alba. Moreover, T. alba harbours a broader array of defence-related genes and mobile genetic elements, including integrases and transposases. Although lacking a complete CRISPR-Cas system, two CRISPR arrays were detected, suggesting alternative immune strategies. Virulence factor homologs shared by both species likely reflect environmental survival rather than pathogenicity. This genomic characterisation elucidates T. alba's metabolic versatility and ecological adaptations, laying the groundwork for its potential applications in biomass conversion, environmental biotechnology, and drug discovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":8853,"journal":{"name":"Biologia futura","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144940758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of metal ions on the economic parameters of mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae).","authors":"Azad Gull, Mysore Nagaraj Anil Kumar, Amit Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s42977-025-00280-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42977-025-00280-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Micronutrients contribute significantly to homeostasis at the cellular, physiological, and biological interface of silkworm growth and development. The silkworm cocoon traits are highly physiologically dependent, controlled by the optimum availability of micronutrient concentrations. Keeping this in view, two micronutrients, i.e., copper and iron, were investigated to understand their role in economic traits in popular bivoltine silkworm double-hybrid FC₁ × FC₂. The mulberry leaves were bio-fortified with copper and iron in the form of copper chloride and ferric chloride with concentrations of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.5%, respectively. Irrespective of the micronutrients, all the studied pre- and post-cocoon parameters tend to increase at lower concentrations and decline at higher concentrations. ANOVA revealed a significant gain in larval weight (~ 9.28% and ~ 8.42%), single cocoon weight (~ 5.38% and ~ 6.45%), and filament length (~ 8.37%) when the silkworms were fed with the mulberry leaves fortified with a low concentration (0.2%) of copper and iron. The improvement in reelability (~ 4.92%), renditta (~ 1.91% and ~ 1.04%), and denier (~ 11.99% and ~ 7.19%) was maximum at 0.2% of copper- and iron-augmented leaves compared to the control. It is envisaged that copper and iron chlorides compounds have incremental impact in silk production. Therefore, feed bio-fortification with appropriate concentrations of copper and iron is recommended to improve cocoon production in both quality and quantity, thereby enhancing the economic returns for sericulture farmers.</p>","PeriodicalId":8853,"journal":{"name":"Biologia futura","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144940745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}